Public Opinion Survey: Residents of Armenia. July 23 August 15, 2018

Transcription

1 Public Opinion Survey: Residents of Armenia July 23 August 15, 2018

2 Detailed Methodology The survey was coordinated by Dr. Rasa Alisauskiene from Baltic Surveys/The Gallup Organization on behalf of the Center for Insights in Survey Research. The field work was carried out by thearmenian Sociological Association. Data was collected throughout Armenia between July 23 and August 15, 2018, through face-to-face interviews in respondents homes. The sample consisted of 1,200 permanent residents of Armenia older than the age of 18 and eligible to vote. It is representative of the general population by age, gender, region and size/type settlement. Sampling frame: Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia. Weighting: Data weighted for 11 regional groups, age and gender. A multistage probability sampling method was used, with the random route and next birthday respondent selection procedures. Stage one: All districts of Armenia are grouped into 11 regions. The survey was conducted throughout all regions of Armenia. The city of Yerevan was treated as a separate region. Stage two: The territory of each region was split into settlements and grouped according to subtype (i.e. cities, towns and villages). Settlements were selected at random. The number of settlements selected in each region was proportional to the share of population living in the particular type of settlement in each region. Stage three: Primary sampling units were described. The margin of error does not exceed plus or minus 2.5 percent for the full sample. The response rate was 64 percent. Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding. The survey was funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development. 2

3 High Expectations for Pashinyan s Government

4 How do you view the recent change in government in Armenia? Very positively Somewhat positively Somewhat negatively Very negatively Don't know/no answer Aug % 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 4

5 SETTLEMENT AGE GENDER How do you view the recent change in government in Armenia? Very positively Somewhat positively Somewhat negatively Very negatively Don't know/no answer Male Female 40% 4 8% y.o % y.o years and older 38% 4 10% 5% Yerevan 4 4 5% Other urban 37% 45% 8% Rural 38% 4 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 5

6 Why do you think the change in government is positive? (Respondents who view change positively; three answers possible; spontaneous response: N=990) Decreased corruption National Security Service abuse of power exposed Improvement of the psychological state of people Good staff appointments Justice restored Democracy Correct choice for Prime Minister Less anarchy Freedom of speech protected Failure of the Republican Party of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan removed New projects presented Justice for all Socio-economic improvement Good work of the police Revolution Decreased prices Poverty eradication Immigration Increased salaries for healthcare workers Job creation Reduced personal taxation for accumulative pension fund Solved army problems Crime decreased Increased national security Progress in foreign relations Improved taxation regime Proper budget management Solving of educational problems Other Don't know/no answer 1 15% 1 10% 8% 8% 5% 5% 1 3 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 6

7 Why do you think the change in government is negative? (Respondents who view change negatively; three answers possible; spontaneous response: N=153) Inappropriate staff appointments 4 Political instability 2 Economic crisis 15% National security 15% No results 1 Increased crime 1 Distrust in disclosures 1 Lack of projects Vendettas 8% Monopoly Other 5% Don't know/no answer 7% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 7

8 In your opinion, what are three things you believe the Pashinyan government must achieve in the next six months? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Create jobs 1 3 Fight corruption 1 2 Solve socioeconomic problems 1 2 Strengthen national security/borders 5% 1 Raise pensions 5% 1 Raise wages 1 Solve Nagorno-Karabakh conflict 1 Establish democracy 8% Fair organization of elections 5% First mention Stop raising prices 7% Reduce immigration/emigration All mentions Monitor human resources 5% Solve educational problems Establish justice Solve army problems 8% Eradicate poverty 7% Lower housing and communal costs Decrease bank interest rate 5% Budget increase 5% Establish foreign relations Solve health/medical problems 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 8

9 What are the biggest failures of the previous government? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Corruption 25% 4 Robbery 1 2 Unemployment 7% 1 Socioeconomic problems Anarchy Monopoly Poverty Violated rights of the people Emigration 10% 1 8% 7% 10% Crime April War First mention Abuse of power 5% All mentions Country mismanagement 5% Psychological depression of the people 5% Nagorno-Karabakh conflict General failures Price increases 7% Injustice 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 9

10 What is your preference: should political reforms be undertaken quickly or more gradually? Definitely quickly More quickly than not More gradual than not Definitely gradually Don't know/no answer Aug-18 27% % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 10

11 What is your preference: should economic reforms be undertaken quickly or more gradually? Definitely quickly More quickly than not More gradual than not Definitely gradually Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 11

12 Do you believe that the electoral system needs to be reformed? Definitely yes Somewhat yes Somewhat no Definitely no Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 12

13 If yes, how soon do you think the electoral system needs to be reformed? (Electoral system needs to be reformed: N=1040) Definitely before new elections are held Likely after new elections are held Don't know/no answer Likely before new elections are held Definitely after new elections are held Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 13

14 Attitudes Toward the Future

15 Generally speaking, do you think that things in Armenia are going in the right direction or the wrong direction? Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/no answer Aug % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 15

16 SETTLEMENT AGE GENDER Do you think that things in Armenia are going in the... Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/no answer Male 7 17% 1 Female y.o. 8 10% 8% y.o years and older 67% 17% 1 Yerevan 7 1 Other urban 70% 15% 15% Rural 70% 15% 15% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 16

17 Over the last 6 months, the economic situation in Armenia has Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Don't know/no answer Aug % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 17

18 Over the last 6 months, the financial situation of your household has... Improved a lot Improved somewhat Stayed the same Worsened somewhat Worsened a lot Don't know/no answer Aug-18 5% 17% 6 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 18

19 How would you evaluate the prevailing mood of the Armenian population? Belief that the future will definitely be better Not much hope for a better future Insecurity/worry/fear for the future Don't know/no answer Hope that the future will be somewhat better Apathy/belief in fate Total disappointment/disbelief in any improvement Aug-18 37% 4 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 19

20 Do you believe that people like you can influence decisions made in your country? Definitely yes Probably yes Probably not Definitely not Don't know/no answer Aug % 2 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 20

21 Did you participate in the April street demonstrations that brought about the resignation of Serzh Sargsyan and the nomination of Nikol Pashinyan? Yes No Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 21

22 If yes, would you participate in new street demonstrations if they were called for again? (Participants: N=520) Yes, for any reason Yes, but only in favor of something Yes, but only against something No, for any reason Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 22

23 If no, would you participate in new street demonstrations if they were called for? (Those who did not participate: N=620) Yes, for any reason Yes, but only in favor of something Yes, but only against something No, for any reason Don't know/no answer Aug % 55% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 23

24 Views of Anti-Corruption Efforts

25 In your opinion, has the following issue significantly improved, somewhat improved, remained the same, somewhat deteriorated, or significantly deteriorated in the last six months? Improved Remained the same Deteriorated Don't know/no answer Corruption 8 15% Crime 50% 37% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 25

26 Have you heard of any anti-corruption efforts by the Armenian government or National Assembly? Yes No Don't know/no answer Aug % 8% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 26

27 SETTLEMENT AGE GENDER Have you heard of any anti-corruption efforts by the Armenian government or National Assembly? Yes No Don't know/no answer Male 57% 3 7% Female % y.o. 58% y.o % 50 years and older % Yerevan 7 2 Other urban 40% 5 Rural 45% 4 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 27

28 If yes, please name the anti-corruption reform: (Respondents aware of anti-corruption efforts; three answers possible; spontaneous response: N=643) National Security Service disclosures 3 Detention of oligarch leaders 2 Disclosure of bribery cases 1 Stopped collection of bribes in education system 17% Disclosure of tax evasion Disclosures of healthcare corruption Revelation of March 1 case* Staff changes Human rights improvement Other 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% *The March 1 case refers to the 2008 post-election clashes in Yerevan which resulted in the deaths of 10 people, including two police officers. 28

29 Domestic Policy

30 What are the main problems Armenia is currently facing? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Unemployment/Jobs 2 38% Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Socioeconomic problems National security/borders 10% Corruption 18% Emigration 1 Low pensions or allowances Poverty Low salaries Army General financial problems 10% 8% First mention Healthcare Human rights Foreign relations 5% 5% All mentions Rising prices Education 7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 30

31 What are the main problems your town or village is currently facing? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Unemployment/Jobs Garbage disposal Roads Transport problems Socioeconomic problems Irrigation/Water supply Sanitation Emigration Housing/Communal services Urban development Corruption Planting greenery/illegal logging Low salaries Agricultural development Ecology Elevator repairs Outside lighting 17% 10% 2 8% 17% 5% 1 10% 8% 8% 7% 8% 7% 5% 3 First mention All mentions 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 31

32 What are the main problems your household is currently facing? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Financial problems 3 50% Unemployment/Jobs 18% 3 Housing 10% 20% Health problems 2 Social problems 7% 15% Tuition fees 5% Communal problems Emigration 10% 8% First mention All mentions Family psychological state Judicial Acts Compulsory Enforcement Agency (JACES) 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 32

33 Thinking about the current situation and the future of the country, what are the three things you are most worried about? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) National security Unemployment Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Socioeconomic fears Corruption Emigration Stagnant wages Increasing prices Poverty Pension or allowance problems Army problems Financial problems Health/medical problems Internal instability Educational problems Increasing interest rates Lack of human rights protections 15% % 10% 8% 8% 5% 5% % 30% First mention All mentions 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 33

34 Do you have family members or close relatives working abroad? Yes No Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 34

35 If yes, do you personally benefit from remittances from family members or close relatives working abroad? (Those with family/relatives abroad; N=706) Yes No Aug-18 55% 45% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 35

36 In which countries do you have family members or close relatives working? (Those with family/relatives abroad; multiple answers possible; spontaneous response: N=706) Russia 70% United States 2 France Germany 10% 10% Belgium Georgia Greece Spain Canada Ukraine Netherlands Kazakhstan Poland Other Don't know/no answer 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 36

37 If you had the opportunity, would you choose to go abroad to live, study, and/or work? Definitely yes Probably yes Probably no Definitely no Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 37

38 SETTLEMENT AGE GENDER If you had the opportunity, would you choose to go abroad to live, study, and/or work? Definitely yes Probably yes Probably no Definitely no Don't know/no answer Male Female 20% 3 20% 27% y.o. 3 35% 17% y.o years and older 15% Yerevan 18% Other Urban 25% Rural % 2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 38

39 If yes, for which reason would you choose to go abroad? (Respondents who would go abroad: N=631) Live Work Study Live/Work Live/Study Work/Study Live/Work/Study Don't know/no answer Aug-18 18% 2 5% 3 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 39

40 Governance and Transparency

41 Please tell me your opinion about the work of each of these institutions: Favorable Unfavorable Don't know/no answer Office of the Prime Minister Army Office of the President Police Armenian media Church Cabinet of Ministers Public education Governors National Assembly (Parliament) Office of the Prosecutor Political parties Local authorities Non-governmental and civil society organizations Tax authorities Courts Central Electoral Commission % 4 47% % 38% 37% 35% 3 30% 17% 25% 25% 37% % 48% 5% 5 57% 5 7% 5 5 5% 5 10% 58% 7% 58% 8% 6 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 41

42 How do you assess the performance of the following institutions in terms of openness and transparency? Very open and transparent Somewhat open and transparent Somewhat not open and transparent Fully not open and not transparent Don't know/no answer Office of the Prime Minister 4 38% 15% Office of thepresident 25% 4 2 Cabinet of Ministers 15% 50% 28% 5% Police Ministry of Justice % Education system 4 3 7% Local authorities 8% 40% 40% 10% Courts 37% 4 10% 5% Office of the Prosecutor Tax authorities 5% % 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 42

43 How do you feel about the direction of each of the following issues during the past six months? Progressed Neither progressed nor regressed Regressed Don't know/no answer Freedom of speech 7 1 Individual human rights 7 25% Democracy 68% 25% Media independence 6 35% National security 48% 40% Education 38% 5 Economy 3 58% 10% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 43

44 How would you evaluate your confidence in Armenia s electoral system? Completely confident Somewhat confident Somewhat not confident Not at all confident Don't know/no answer Aug-18 10% % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 44

45 What is your perception of the level of impact of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in Armenia? CSOs have a very strong impact on government policy CSOs have not much impact on government policy Don't know/no answer CSOs have some impact on government policy CSOs have no impact at all on government policy Aug % 17% 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 45

46 Political Parties

47 First choice: For which of these political parties would you vote if national parliamentary elections were held next Sunday? Second choice: Which other party might you vote for if your first choice is not available? Yelq Dashinq (Civil Contract, Bright Armenia, Republic) 6 1 Tsarukyan Alliance/Prosperous Armenia 1 35% Republican Party of Armenia Dashnaktsutyun/Armenian Revolutionary Federation 7% Armenian Communist Party Heritage Armenian Renaissance/Rule of Law First choice Armenian National Congress Second choice Free Democrats Other None 10% 3 Don't know/no answer 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 47

48 For which of these political parties would you never vote? (Multiple answers possible; spontaneous response) Republican Party of Armenia 6 Armenian Renaissance/Rule of Law Armenian National Congress Dashnaktsutyun/Armenian Revolutionary Federation Heritage 15% 15% 1 1 Free Democrats Armenian Communist Party Tsarukyan Alliance/Prosperous Armenia 7% 7% 7% Yelq Dashinq (Civil Contract, Bright Armenia, Republic) Armenian Democratic Party Other < None 1 Don't know/no answer 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 48

49 What is your opinion of the following Armenian politicians and other well-known persons in Armenian society? Favorable Unfavorable Have not heard the name Don't know/no answer Nikol Pashinyan 9 8% < Davit Tonoyan 6 17% 1 Armen Sarkissian 68% 30% Valeriy Osipyan 6 2 8% Artak Zeynalyan 58% 2 15% 5% Edmon Marukyan 58% 3 7% Gagik Tsarukyan 5 35% Zohrab Mnatsakanyan Mkhitar Hayrapetyan 5 27% 15% 5% Arayik Harutyunyan 5 28% 15% Aram Sargsyan 5 40% Atom Janjughazyan 48% 28% 1 5% Artsvik Minasyan 48% 3 1 Raffi Hovannisian 4 50% Armen Rostomyan Karen Karapetyan 2 7 Serzh Sargsyan 1 8 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 49

50 International Relations

51 How would you evaluate the current state of the relationship between Armenia and: Good Bad Don't know/no answer China 88% France 88% Georgia 88% 8% Iran 87% 8% 5% Russia 87% 1 United States 8 1 European Union 8 1 7% Lebanon 7 10% 17% Ukraine 7 20% 8% Israel 68% 1 1 Turkey 1 85% Azerbaijan 5% 9 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 51

52 Russia Georgia United States France European Union Iran China Ukraine Lebanon Israel Turkey Azerbaijan Don't know/no answer 90% 80% 70% 60% 8 Which of these countries do you consider to be the most important political partners or threats for Armenia? (Multiple answers possible) Political partners Political threats % 40% % 30% 20% 20% 1 10% 0% 5% 5% 7% 52

53 Russia Georgia China Iran European Union France United States Ukraine Israel Lebanon Turkey Azerbaijan Don't know/no answer 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% Which of these countries do you consider to be the most important economic partners or threats for Armenia? (Multiple answers possible) % 45% Economic partners Economic threats 65% 6 40% 37% 30% 3 30% 20% 20% 10% 0% 7% 10% 7% 10% 53

54 Do you believe that Armenia joining the Eurasian Economic Union with Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Kyrgyzstan has been positive or negative for Armenia? Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/no answer Aug % 1 7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 54

55 Do you think that Russia is a trustworthy ally of Armenia? Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Somewhat untrustworthy Very untrustworthy Don't know/no answer Aug-18 37% 4 1 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 55

56 How important is it for Armenia s future to solve outstanding problems related to Artsakh* in the near future? Very important Somewhat important Somewhat unimportant Don't know/no answer Aug-18 78% 18% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% * Artsakh is the preferred Armenian-language nomenclature for the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. ** The option for very unimportant was selected by zero (0) percent of respondents, and therefore does not appear on this chart. 56

57 Do you think that a peaceful settlement on Artsakh can be reached with Azerbaijan without either side resorting to military force? Definitely yes Probably yes Probably no Definitely no Don't know/no answer Aug-18 30% % 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 57

58 SETTLEMENT AGE GENDER Do you believe that Armenia joining the Eurasian Economic Union with Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, and Kyrgyzstan has been positive or negative for Armenia? Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/no answer Male 3 48% 1 5% Female 30% y.o. 35% 45% y.o. 27% years and older Yerevan 2 45% 1 5% 1 Other Urban 35% 50% 1 Rural 3 47% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 58

59 When do you think the status of Artsakh will be settled? Less than 1 year from today 1-3 years from today 3-5 years from today 5-10 years from today More than 10 years from today Never Don't know/no answer Aug % 17% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 59

60 Regarding the final status of Artsakh, should it be: An ordinary region of Armenia An autonomous region of Armenia An independent country A part of Azerbaijan Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 60

61 Regarding Turkey, should the current government seek to reopen the border with Turkey, even if Turkey does not recognize the genocide? Definitely should seek to reopen border Likely should not seek to reopen border Don't know/no answer Likely should seek to reopen border Definitely should not seek to reopen border Aug % 27% 2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 61

62 Sources of Information

63 Which sources do you use for information about the current international situation? (Multiple answers possible; spontaneous response) Armenian TV 78% Social media* 45% Armenian internet news sites 37% Russian TV stations Armenian radio stations Russian internet sites 1 10% 27% Social Media Used* (Respondents using social media: N=541) Facebook 9 Armenian print media 10% OK (Odnoklassniki) 18% Euronews TV Twitter YouTube VK (Vkontakte) None Instagram Other < LinkedIn Don't know/no answer 63

64 Which of these information channels do you trust most for information about the current international situation? (Multiple answers possible; spontaneous response) Armenian TV 55% Social media* 2 Armenian internet news sites 1 Russian TV stations Trust in Social Media* (Respondents trusting social media; N=272) Armenian radio stations 7% Facebook 9 Russian internet sites OK (Odnoklassniki) 10% Euronews TV Twitter Armenian print media VK (Vkontakte) Instagram YouTube < LinkedIn < None Don't know/no answer Don't know/no answer 64

65 Which Armenian television stations do you watch regularly? (Multiple answers possible; spontaneous response) Shant H1 6 65% Armenia TV 58% Kentron 38% Yerkir Media H2 Armnews ATV TV Shoghakat H % Regional TV stations Ararat AR TV 7% None 15% Don't know/no answer < 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 65

66 Which Armenian television station s news and political information do you trust the most? (Multiple answers possible; spontaneous response) H1 30% 4 Shant 28% 6 Armenia TV 1 45% Kentron 5% 2 Armnews H2 Yerkir Media 1 ATV Ararat < < Shoghakat < First mentioned H3 < < All mentioned 21 TV < Regional TV stations AR TV < < < None 1 1 Don't know/no answer < < 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 66

67 Which television news program do you watch most frequently? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Horizone (Shant) 3 6 Orakarg (H1) 2 47% Jame (Armenia) 15% 4 Epikentron (Kentron) 2 Lurer (Armnews) Lraber (H2) Yerkirn Aisor (Yerkir Media) Aisor (ATV) 10% Armnews-24 (Lurer) < First mentioned Ore (H3) < All mentioned Azdarar (AR TV) Hai Lur (Ararat) Other < < < None 17% 17% Don't know/no answer < < 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 67

68 Which television news program do you trust the most? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Horizone (Shant) Orakarg (H1) Jame (Armenia) Epikentron (Kentron) Lurer (Armnews) Lraber (H2) Yerkirn Aisor (Yerkir Media) Armnews-24 (Lurer) Ore (H3) Aisor (ATV) Azdarar (AR TV) Hai Lur (Ararat) None Don't know/no answer 3 60% % 20% 7% 8% < First mentioned < All mentioned 5% < < 2 2 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 68

69 Which television talk shows do you watch most frequently? (Three answers possible; spontaneous response) Mi Vnasir (Shant) Ekeq haskananq (H1) Lav Ereko (H1) Kisabats Lusamutner (ATV) Hajkakan Urbat (Kentron) Ete Bolore (H1) Yerevan e Khosum (Armnews) Barzradzain (Yerkir Media) Batsardzak Arjeq (Armnews) Chap u Sahman (Yerkir Media) Other None Don't know/no answer % 20% 15% 15% < < < < 28% 28% 45% First mentioned All mentioned 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 69

70 Is Armenian mass media free to express a variety of political views? Totally free Somewhat free Not very free Not free at all Don't know/no answer Aug % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 70

71 Why do you think that Armenian mass media is not free to express various political views? (Respondents who think the media is not free: N=178) Government puts pressure on media 3 Media is corrupt 30% Media does not report bad news 20% Other Don't know/no answer 8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 71

72 How many times per week do you access the internet? Every day 5-6 times per week 3-4 times per week 1-2 times per week Less often Never Don't know/no answer Aug-18 48% 10% 7% 5% 2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 72

73 Where do you access the internet? (Multiple responses possible; internet users: N=907) Home 7 Mobile phone 6 Work 3 Friends house 17% Other Don't know/no answer 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 73

74 What internet sites do you visit most often to get news? (Internet users; three answers possible; spontaneous response: N=907) News.am Azautyun.am 1in.am Lurer.am Mamul.am Tert.am Blocnews.am Armnews Hraparak.am Shamshyan.am CivilNet.am Lragir.am Sputnik.am Info24.am Kamoblog Armedia Zhoghovurd.am Operative.am Armtimes.com Shant.am Other Don't know/no answer 1 10% 8% 10% 18% % 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 74

75 Which social media sites do you use most often? (Internet users; three answers possible; spontaneous response: N=907) Facebook 8 Odnoklassniki 25% Vkontakte 8% LinkedIn 5% Twitter 5% Instagram Other None 8% Don t know/no answer 5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 75

76 Demographics

77 OCCUPATION EDUCATION ETHNIC GROUP AGE GENDER Demographics Male Female Armenian Other Primary/unfinished secondary Secondary Vocational Higher/Incomplete higher Blue collar Farmer White collar Executive Retired Student Housewife Unemployed 2 10% 2 27% 17% 5% 2 1 7% 15% % 40% % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 77

78 REGIONS SETTLEMEN T TYPE RELIGION Demographics Armenian Apostolic 9 Catholic Other None Yerevan 37% Other town 27% Rural area Yerevan 3 37% Aragatson Ararat Armavir Gegharkunik Kotayk Lori Shirak Syunik Tavush Vayots Dzor 8% 8% 7% 8% 5% 0% 50% 100% 78

79 Center for Insights in Survey Research