Public Opinion Survey in Poland. May 17-31, 2017

Transcription

1 Public Opinion Survey in Poland May 17-31, 2017

2 Detailed Methodology The survey was conducted on behalf of the Center for Insights in Survey Research by GfK Polonia, a global market research company. The survey was conducted between May 17 and May 31, 2017 through face-to-face interviews. Sample size: Total population (n=1,000). Margin of error: Plus or minus 3 percent with 95 percent confidence level. The method of nationally representative quota sampling was used for this research. The distribution of demographic features used for the sample design is derived from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The sample was designed according to a four-stage process. Stage One: A primary sampling unit was selected and stratified according to macro-region and town size; 55 stratas were obtained. Stage Two: 170 communities were formed based on a rural/urban split. Stage Three: The number of respondents for each region was identified in proportion to the size of the population aged 18 years and older. Stage Four: A secondary sampling unit was selected and assigned starting points (streets in the case of urban communities and localities in the case of rural communities). These starting points were randomly selected for each community that was formed in the second stage.the potential respondents were recruited to the starting points by quota method (gender, age, education level). Quotas reflect the structure of the population. 2

3 Detailed Methodology Continued Data was weighted according to the primary socio-demographic features: gender; age (18-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-70, 70+); region (9 regions); town size (village up to inhabitants, , , , , more than inhabitants); and urban/rural. Representative distribution in aggregate form was ensured in those cross demographic criteria (e.g. gender x age, gender x region, age x region, age x household size, gender x household size, region x size of residence, region x household size, gender x education). In addition to marginal distributions of demographic features listed above, joint distributions were also used (i.e. region versus town size, gender versus region, gender versus age versus urban/rural). Charts and graphs may not add up to 100 percent due to rounding error. 3

4 Glossary of Polish Political Parties PO The Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska) PiS Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) PSL The Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe) SLD Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej).N Modern (Nowoczesna) Together Party (Partia Razem) K 15 Kukiz 15 4

5 Regions of Poland West Pomerania Lubuskie Pomerania Pomorskie Lower Silesia Wielkopolskie Lodz Province Łódzkie Warmia-Masuria Zachodniopomorskie Pomerania Kuyavia Kujawskopomorskie Greater Poland Lubus Warmińskomazurskie Masovia Mazowieckie Podlasie Province Podlaskie Lublin Province DolnośląskieOpole Holy Cross Lubelskie Province Silesia Province Świętokrzyskie Opolskie Śląskie Lesser Subcarpathia Poland Małopolskie Podkarpackie CENTRAL-Masovia NORTH-EAST-Podlasie Province, Warmia-Masuria NORTH-Pomerania, West-Pomerania SOUTH-EAST-Lesser Poland, Subcarpathia, Holy Cross Province SOUTH-Opole Province, Silesia MIDDLE-EAST-Lublin Province MIDDLE-Łodz Province SOUTH-WEST-Lubus, Lower Silsesia WEST-Greater Poland, Kuyavia Pomerania

6 General Perceptions of the State of the Country

7 Overall, would you say that Poland is headed in the right or wrong direction? 17% 38% 45% Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/no answer 7

8 Overall, would you say that Poland is headed in the right or wrong direction? (Disaggregated by region) Total 38% 45% 17% Central 4 40% 1 North-East 38% 4 19% North 4 37% 19% South-East 41% 41% 18% South 41% 51% 7% Middle-East 3 51% 17% Middle 33% 5 11% West 31% 43% 2 South-West 29% 5 19% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/no answer 8

9 What are the first and second most urgent problems facing Poland today? (open-ended question) 1 11% 10% 10% 10% 10% 8% 8% 7% 5% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 0% 0% 0% 3% First mention Second mention 9

10 Would you say that democracy is functioning well in Poland? 45% 40% 39% 35% 3 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 7% 8% 1 Very well Somewhat well Not very well Not well at all Don't know/no answer 10

11 What is the most important reason why democracy is functioning well in Poland? (Open-ended question; respondents who replied very or somewhat well: n=458) Freedom of speech 21% Individual freedom/free country 1 Free and fair elections 11% Freedom to protest Economic growth 5% Civil rights are guaranteed 500+ child benefit program Low level of unemployment Good government/parliament 3% Don't know 1 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 11

12 What is the most important reason why democracy is not functioning well in Poland? (Open-ended question; respondents who replied not very well or not well at all: n=398) Poor performance of the current government 27% Disagreement over the Constitutional Court Government does not take into account opinions of common people No compromise between politicians 10% 10% 10% Violations of civil rights 8% No free speech No democracy 3% Problems with the law No independent courts/the courts depend on politicians Jarosław Kaczyński, Chairman of Law and Justice party 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 12

13 Thinking about its evolution over the past year, how would you rate the direction of democracy in Poland today? 1 7% 10% 40% 31% Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Don't know/no answer 13

14 In general, would you say that Poland is functioning more or less democratically than each of the following countries: 40% 35% 37% 38% 33% 3 35% 31% 30% 25% 21% 21% 25% 27% 25% 20% 15% 10% 1 18% 1 10% 1 18% 15% 15% 9% 9% 10% 9% 15% 5% 5% 0% Germany France United States of America Hungary Russia Significantly more democratically Somewhat more democratically Somewhat less democratically Significantly less democratically Don't know/refused to answer 14

15 Views of Democracy

16 If you could have only one or the other, which is more important to you: a democratic system of government or a prosperous economy? 7% 7% 19% 30% Democracy is definitely more important to me Democracy is somewhat more important to me Prosperity is somewhat more important to me 3 Prosperity is definitely more important to me Don't know/no answer 16

17 How important are each of the following elements in ensuring Poland's democracy? 80% 70% 63% 73% 70% 69% 71% 63% 65% 60% 50% 40% 30% 3 23% 2 43% 4 25% 23% 29% 30% 20% 10% 0% Respect for individual rights and liberties The government taking into account citizens' priorities The economic development of the country as a whole 1 1% 1% 5% 1% 1% 1% 1% 3% 1% Guaranteeing minority rights Guaranteeing justice for all citizens Guaranteeing Fighting terrorism order and stability The economic prosperity of individuals Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all Don't know/no answer 17

18 How important are each of the following elements in making any country a democracy? 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 35% 4 65% 30% 59% 5 55% 35% 3 35% 65% 28% 48% 41% 38% 47% 20% 10% 0% 13% 5% The national interest takes priority over individual interest 1 5% 7% 7% 9% 5% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% Citizens are protected against poverty Citizens have a private space that cannot be violated Citizens are free to demonstrate, contest, or petition The government addresses the question of social inequality There are free and fair elections offering real choice to the voters Talent and merit are rewarded Minorities are respected Very important Quite important Not so important Not important at all Don't know/no answer 18

19 The rule of law in a democracy can be understood as a state where all people and institutions are accountable to the law and the Constitution, and the Constitution and the law are equally applied to all. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The rule of law exists in Poland. 7% 9% Completely agree 13% Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree 2 Completely disagree 47% Don't know/no Answer 19

20 Opinion on citizen vs. state rights and responsibilities: Which one of the following statements is closest to your opinion? Total 15% 18% 63% 3% Central 13% 25% 59% North-East 1 17% 6 5% North 30% 13% 53% 3% South-East 17% 1 6 South 11% 2 67% Middle-East 9% 1 7 Middle 2 5% 70% 3% West % 3% South-West 8% 23% 6 7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In a democracy, citizens should have more rights than responsibilities before the state In a democracy, citizens should have more responsibilities than rights before the state In a democracy, there should be a balance between rights and responsibilities of the citizens before the state Don't know/no answer 20

21 Which measure do you think would be most relevant to make democracy function better in Poland? There should be more direct consultation with the people in setting policy (e.g. through referenda) 47% 23% 2 There should be more freedom for the party in government to put in place the programs on the basis of which it was elected Decisions should be made in a more consensual manner in parliament, with the opposition and government working together to settle their differences Don't know/no answer 21

22 Perceptions of Institutions

23 To what degree do each of the following institutions, through their work and activities, contribute to solving problems in Poland? 60% 50% 5 50% 48% 47% 5 40% 30% 20% 10% 11% 40% 41% 37% 35% 33% 3 33% 3 29% 25% 20% 19% 15% % 11% 10% 9% 7% 3% 3% 3% 3% 38% 7% 35% 11% 9% 28% 28% 1 9% 9% 9% 8% 8% 2 5% 5% 0% Government institutions Parliament The courts Political parties The media The Catholic Church Business leaders Trade unions Intellectuals NGOs/Civil society They contribute completely They contribute somewhat They do not contribute much They do not contribute at all Don't know/no answer 23

24 On a scale of 1-4 (1=fully trust; 4=do not trust at all), to what extent do you trust the following institutions to uphold democratic standards in your country? Political parties 21% 39% 3 Army 15% 53% 2 3% Police 8% % Civil society 11% 59% 20% Civil service 8% 48% 28% 9% 8% Government 11% 2 35% 25% 3% President 13% 39% 2 19% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% I fully trust them I somewhat trust them I mostly do not trust them I do not trust them at all Don't know/no answer 24

25 Issues of Polish Identity

26 Do you think investigating the communist past is still relevant for Polish politics today? 9% 11% 20% Very relevant Somewhat relevant 35% Somewhat irrelevant Not relevant at all 25% Don't know/no answer 26

27 The process of lustration (i.e. the exclusion of former communist officials and secret service informants from public office) was undertaken in Poland. Which of the following statements best reflects your attitude towards lustration? 39% 15% The process of lustration reached its goal and should be left to the past 45% The process of lustration has not reached its goal yet and should be continued Don't know/no answer 27

28 The process of lustration (i.e. the exclusion of former communist officials and secret service informants from public office) was undertaken in Poland. Which of the following statements best reflects your attitude towards lustration? (Disaggregated by age) % 45% 40% 35% 30% 45% 2 28% 47% 47% 38% 3 49% 4 45% 4 45% 40% 25% 20% 15% 10% 15% 19% 9% 9% 15% 5% 0% The process of lustration reached its goal and should be left to the past The process of lustration has not reached its goal yet and should be continued Don't know/no answer 28

29 Do you think it would be better or worse for the country if a more thorough investigation and condemnation of people who worked with the Polish United Workers Party and the state security structures took place? 19% 1 Yes, much better 1 30% Yes, somewhat better No, it would make things somewhat worse 25% No, it would make things a lot worse Don't know/no answer 29

30 Some people say that Polish identity is defined by being Roman Catholic. How strongly do you agree or disagree with that statement? 1 1 Strongly agree Somewhat agree 28% 4 Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Don't know/no answer 30

31 What is the main feature that makes someone Polish? (Respondents who somewhat or strongly disagree that Polish identity is defined by being Roman Catholic: n=406) Being born in Poland 67% Residence in Poland and paying taxes in the country 6 Speaking fluent Polish 3 Slavic descent 17% Patriotism 3% Polish descent 1% Don't know/no answer 1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 31

32 Do you agree that Polish identity is under threat today? 11% Strongly agree 1 2 Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree 45% Strongly disagree Don't know/no answer 32

33 Who or what is the main threat to Polish identity? (Respondents who somewhat or strongly agree that Polish identity is under threat: n=277) Immigrants/Foreigners 23% Islam 1 The government 9% Russia 7% No one/nothing 7% The European Union Emigration/Emigration of young people Influence of an alien culture 3% Political crisis The Polish people themselves Church Germany Terrorism Don't know 1 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 33

34 Some people say that Islam is a direct threat to European values. Do you agree with this statement? 5% 19% 31% Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree 40% Strongly disagree Don't know/no answer 34

35 International Relations

36 Looking at Poland s position in the world, do you think Poland is: 5% 13% 4 3 In a very strong position in the world In a somewhat strong position in the world In a somewhat weak position in the world In a very weak position in the world Don't know/no answer 36

37 How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements: Poland's interests are best served by maintaining strong relations with 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 5 51% 49% 49% 49% 49% 45% 41% 39% % 2 23% 20% 21% 18% % 1 1 8% 9% 7% 8% 8% 5% 5% 1% Russia America USA China Germany Great Britain France Hungary European Union Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Don't Know 37

38 Which one of the following countries helps Poland's national interests the most? European Union 3 United States of America 13% Germany 13% China 1% Russia 1% All 3% None 23% Don't know 1 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 38

39 Is Poland's independence guaranteed or is it under threat? 3% 1 5% It is fully guaranteed It is somewhat guaranteed 23% 53% It is somewhat under threat It is fully under threat Don't know/no answer 39

40 Who or what is the greatest threat to Poland s independence? (Respondents who stated that Poland s independence is somewhat or fully under threat: n=261) Russia 19% The EU 15% Immigrants/Foreigners 1 Current government 1 Germany 7% 0% 8% 10% % 20% Note: only top five results are presented 40

41 Regardless of the historic differences between Russia and Poland, do you agree or disagree that Vladimir Putin s style of government should be applied in Poland? 13% Strongly agree Somewhat agree 57% 2 Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Don't know/no answer 41

42 Do you believe that the European Union is good for Poland? 10% 7% 83% Yes No Don't know/no answer 42

43 What do you think is the best functioning aspect of the EU? (open-ended question) EU funds/funding 3 Schengen zone/no borders 13% Economic cooperation Building roads and infrastructure Cooperation between countries Common politics Common market Care for the state's progress Democracy Defense and security of the country/no war 3% Nothing 5% Other 8% Don't know 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 43

44 What do you think is the worst functioning aspect of the EU? (open-ended question) Hosting refugees 17% Unequal treatment of all EU members 9% Fight against terrorists/security of borders Unequal salaries/prices between countries Internal conflicts Ridiculous regulations EU standards/limits No democracy Bureaucracy System by which EU funds are divided Nothing Other 9% 9% Don't know 37% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% *Note: mentions above 1% 44

45 What would you say is the best thing that the EU brings to Poland? (open-ended question) Funds for economic development 67% It provides Poland with a bigger arena to advance its position in the world 28% It provides Poland with new economic opportunities 27% It provides a counterweight for more democracy in the country 20% It secures peace at Poland's borders 1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 45

46 What would you say is the biggest problem of the European Union today? It is not offering security to European citizens 31% It is not capable of securing our borders 2 It is not delivering prosperity for ordinary citizens 2 It is in the service only of Western interests and is not helping countries from central Europe 21% It is not functioning well 1 It is not democratic enough 11% Immigrants Nothing Don't know 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 46

47 Values and Outlooks

48 How would you define your political views? Total 25% 13% 4 11% 7% Central 29% 2 40% 5% North-East 11% 68% 11% North 23% 13% 3 13% 3% 1 South-East 18% 11% 5 10% South 35% 17% 3 5% Middle-East 28% 9% 57% 3% Middle 55% 21% 13% 3% West 20% 13% 45% 10% 1% 11% South-West 19% 8% 2 29% 3% 18% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Liberal Conservative Christian Democrat Social Democrat Socialist Other/Don't know/refused to answer 48

49 Overall, would you say that Poland is headed in the right or wrong direction? (Disaggregated by political persuasion) 28% Liberal 5 17% 47% Christian Democrat 39% 1 58% Conservative 27% 15% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Right direction Wrong direction Don't know/no answer 49

50 Which of these statements best describes Polish politics at present? Total 11% 33% 50% Liberal 25% 65% Conservative 23% 41% 3 Christian Democrat 1 39% 4 Social Democrat 28% 61% 5% Socialist Other 9% 1 53% 2 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Political parties are capable of working together in a bipartisan way and on a regular basis to promote the general interest Political parties are capable of coming together to get things done only in times of crisis Political parties are incapable of working together under any circumstances Don't know/no answer 50

51 Would you say the situation of Polish politics today is moving toward: Total 41% 17% 35% 7% Liberal 57% 1 27% Conservative 3 29% 3 3% Christian Democrat 3 21% 38% 8% Social Democrat 48% 9% 3 9% Socialist 5 15% 29% Other 31% 4 17% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% More polarization More consensus No change Don't know/no answer 51

52 Do you think the polarization of political parties is: (Respondents who think Polish politics are moving towards more polarization: n=409) 1 8% A good thing A bad thing 77% Neither good nor bad 52

53 Do you think the polarization of political parties is: (Respondents who think Polish politics are moving towards more polarization: n=409) Christian Democrat 7% 13% 80% Social Democrat 0% 20% 80% Liberal 1 78% Socialist 0% 2 78% Conservative 7% 30% 63% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% A good thing A bad thing Neither good nor bad 53

54 How likely, if at all, are you to vote in the next election? Total 31% 43% 10% 7% 9% Liberal 33% 4 8% 5% 1 Conservative 2 49% 10% 10% Christian Democrat 37% 4 1 7% Social Democrat 37% 3 10% 8% 1 Socialist % 1 Other 27% % 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Very likely Somewhat likely Somewhat unlikely Very unlikely Don't know 54

55 If elections were held today, for which party would you vote? 3% 1 PiS PO K' % 27% 18%.N SLD PSL Partia Razem Would not vote Undecided 5% Refuse to answer Don't know *Note: only parties that received more than 1% of answers in total are listed. Glossary of political parties can be found on Slide 4. 55

56 If elections were held today, for which party would you vote? Total 27% 18% 5% 10% 1 3% 1 Central 37% 18% 1% 1 North-East 41% 19% 1% 9% 1 7% North 2 23% 5% 7% 1% 1% 1% 5% 19% 1% 13% South-East 3 1 9% 3% 1% 1% 9% 8% 1 South 15% 18% 7% 8% 1% 9% 15% 5% 15% Middle-East 31% 7% 7% 1% 11% 13% 17% Middle 1 21% 5% 5% 5% 1% 13% 1 1 West 2 20% 5% 5% 1% South-West 20% 20% 1% 7% 1% 3% 15% 13% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% PiS PO K'15.N SLD PSL Partia Razem Would not vote Undecided Refuse to answer Don't Know 56

57 How widespread is corruption in Polish politics? 1% 10% 20% Very widespread Somewhat widespread 11% Somewhat rare Very rare There is no corruption 53% Don't know/no answer 57

58 Women and Youth

59 If there are two candidates running for office and they have the same qualifications aside from the fact that one is a man and one is a woman, which candidate are you more likely to support? 20% Male Female 1 Makes no difference to me 6 59

60 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of women. 17% Agree Disagree 49% Don't know 3 60

61 Total Blue-collar worker Agricultural White-collar worker Professional Housewife Retired Unemployed Student/Pupil Other Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of women. (Disaggregated by working status) 80% 75% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 49% 3 17% 50% 31% 20% 48% 48% 48% 4 37% 38% % 17% 18% 15% % 35% % 10% 5% 0% Agree Disagree Don't know/no answer 61

62 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of young people. 13% Agree Disagree 3 55% Don't know 62

63 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Politicians do not listen to the needs and ideas of young people. (Disaggregated by age) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 69% 2 9% 61% 25% 58% 55% 30% 31% % 4 41% 38% 10% 18% 0% Agree Disagree Don't know/no answer 63

64 Media Preferences

65 What is your primary source of political news? 90% 83% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 35% 31% % 10% 0% Television Internet/Websites Radio Family and friends Print media Political parties 3% 65

66 What is your primary source of political news? Television 75% 85% 88% Internet/Websites 1 38% 55% Radio 25% 31% 3 Family and friends 27% 2 27% Print media 1 21% 29% Political parties 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

67 To what extent would you agree or disagree that the media in Poland is free and independent? Total 1 33% 37% 1 1% Central 13% 4 33% 9% 3% North-East 1 33% 39% 7% 7% North 7% 29% 30% 30% 5% South-East 1 28% 4 1 3% South 17% 38% 28% 1 Middle-East 8% 53% 2 1 Middle 10% 25% 48% 15% 1% West 11% 38% 33% 10% South-West 10% 7% 55% 21% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% All media outlets are free and independent Most of the media outlets are free and independent, but some are not Some of the media outlets are free and independent, but most are not No media outlets in Poland are free and independent Refused to answer Don't know 67

68 Does the Polish media provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland? All media outlets provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland 11% Most media outlets provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland, but some do not Some media outlets provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland, but most do not 41% None of the media outlets provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland 39% Don't know/no answer 68

69 Does the Polish media provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland? Total 41% 39% 11% Central 48% 3 10% 3% North-East 1 41% 3 7% 7% North 11% % 1% South-East 43% 4 7% South 5% 47% 37% 9% 3% Middle-East 1% 53% 31% 11% Middle 1% 4 4 1% West 7% 40% 3 9% 8% South-West 9% 15% 50% 18% 8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% All media provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland Most media provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland, but some do not Some media provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland, but most do not None of the media provide accurate and unbiased information about events in Poland Don't know/ No answer 69

70 Overall, would you say that media outlets in Poland are: Neutral 23% 19% Politically biased and controlled by leftist and liberal interests Politically biased and controlled by rightist and conservative interests Don't know/no answer 38% 21% 70

71 Overall, would you say that media outlets in Poland are: Total 19% 21% 38% 23% Central 13% 30% 41% 1 North-East 33% 21% 18% 28% North 1 18% 37% 31% South-East 1 25% 37% 20% South 18% 2 37% 20% Middle-East 3 13% 4 9% Middle 18% 55% 21% West 21% 15% 27% 37% South-West 2 13% 43% 18% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Neutral Politically biased and controlled by leftist and liberal interests Politically biased and controlled by rightist and conservative interests Don't know/no answer 71

72 Religious Affiliation Age Gender Demographics Female 5 Male 48% % % 19% % 17% 18% Catholic 91% Orthodox Agnostic 1% 1% Atheist Refused to answer 72

73 Religious Devotion Demographics Very religious 15% Somewhat religious 63% Somewhat irreligious 19% Very irreligious 3% Refuse to answer 1% Employment Education Elementary Secondary Higher/University Blue-collar worker Retired White-collar worker Professional Unemployed Student/Worker Agricultural Housewife Other 3% 3% 20% % 35% 4 73

74 Demographics Monthly Income Household Monthly income up to 1000 zł zł zł zł zł zł No income Refused to answer 7% 8% 3% 5% 10% 2 33% up to 1000 zł zł zł zł zł zł zł zł and more Refused to answer 3% 9% 1 18% 19% 15% 1% 1% 1 Don't know 7% Don't know 10% Settlement: Urban 61% Rural 38% Suburban 1% 74

75 Center for Insights in Survey Research