EMPLOYMENT AMI EARNINGS AND MONTHLY REPORT ON VoL 15 N 1Q THE LABOR FORCE April 1969

Transcription

1 EMPLOYMENT AMI EARNINGS AND MONTHLY REPORT ON VoL 5 N Q THE LABOR FORCE April JOSEPH M. FINERTY, EDITOR JOHN E. BREGGER, ASSOCIATE EDITOR CONTENTS Page Employment and unemployment developments, March 2 Teenage employment requirements in the summer of Charts 6 Statistical tables Monthly 5 Quarterly averageshousehold data 03 Technical note 09 HIGHLIGHTS Projections of employment requirements for teenagers in the Nation and in the 20 largest metropolitan areas during the summer of (pp. 45). Data on employment, hours, and earnings in the Camden, New Jersey area will appear regularly in tables B7 and C0 respectively, beginning with this issue.

2 Employment and Unemployment Developments^ March Employment rose moderately in March, while the number of unemployed perons fell less than usual for the month. The March increase in nonfarm payroll employment was the smallest in 6 months. Employment increases were recorded in all major industry sectors except contract construction. The overall unemployment rate was percent in March, compared with the percent rates recorded in the past.3 months. The change was attributable to a small advance in teenage unemployment. Unemployment rates for adult workers remained at their low February levels. Industry Employment Nonagricultural payroll employment was 69 million in March. After seasonal adjustment, payroll employment was up 45,000 from February, with about 30,000 of the increase due to the net return to payrolls of striking workers. The employment increase was slightly less than half the average seasonallyadjusted gain registered in the past 5 months but was about the same as during most of last year. Employment in contract construction rose less than seasonally for the FebruarytoMarch period but was at the highest March level since 966 ( million). On a seasonally adjusted basis, construction employment declined by 65,000 in March, following a very large increase of 0,000 in February. Manufacturing employment increased by 65,000 in March after seasonal adjustment. The largest increases occurred in the transportation equipment and petroleum products industries, almost entirely as a result of the return to payrolls of striking workers. Small overthemonth gains were recorded in several other manufacturing industries, mainly primary metals, fabricated metals, electrical equipment, and apparel. Employment in government rose by 55,000 in March after seasonal adjustment; all of the gain occurred in the State and local sector. Employment in services increased by 20,000, slightly more than onethird of the average gain registered during the past 5 months. Increases also occurred in transportation and public utilities (30,000), where about onethird of the increase was due to the net return to work of strikers; trade (30,000); and finance, insurance, and real estate (0,000). Over the year, payroll employment was up by million. Fourfifths of the increase resulted from nearly equal gains in manufacturing, trade, services, and government. Hours and Earnings The seasonally adjusted workweek in manufacturing was up 0 hour to hours in March. This represented a recovery from the sharp drop in February (to 40. hours, as revised), which was attributable to adverse weather conditions in the Northeast region of the country. Despite the rebound, the March workweek in manufacturing was still half an hour lower than the peak in September. Factory overtime, which also fell in February, continued in the high range which has prevailed since May, rising twotenths of an hour in March to hours. The average workweek for all rank and file workers on nonagricultural payrolls edged up to 37 hours (seasonally adjusted) but remained below the levels recorded in the MaySeptember period. The large increase in the manufacturing workweek, along with slight gains in trade and finance, more than offset overthemonth declines in construction and mining. Average hourly earnings rose cent in March to $8 for all rank and file workers. Compared

3 with March, hourly earnings were up 9 cents, or 6 percent. Average weekly earnings, at $5, increased by 97 cents over the month, reflecting small increases in both the average workweek and hourly earnings. Compared with March, weekly earnings rose by $65 (6 percent). Unemployment Unemployment in March, at million, was down 75,000 from Februaryless than the usual seasonal decline for the month. After seasonal adjustment, unemployment rose 00,000 over the month, primarily among teenagers. The overall unemployment rate in March percentwas virtually unchanged from the percent rates of December, January, and February, which were the lowest jobless rates in over 5 years. The unemployment rate for adult men remained at percent in March, near the record low of percent reached in December. The rate for adult women held steady at percent for the fifth straight month, the lowest in 5 years. The unemployment rate for fulltime workers was essentially unchanged at percent, while the rate for married men continued at percent, its lowest point since that series began in 955. Unemployment among teenage workers rose slightly in March, as employment gains failed to match the increase in their labor force. Their jobless rate was percent, the same as in December but up from percent in both January and February. The increase occurred exclusively among white teenagers. Despite the March increase, the teenage rate in the first quarter of averaged percent, the lowest quarterly average in the last 2 years. The quarterly rate has been as low as the percent range in only 2 other quarters since 957. While the white unemployment rate for the first quarter of was unchanged from the last quarter of at percent, the nonwhite rate moved down substantially in the first quarter, from 6 to 5 percent. This decline was especially marked among adult workers. Although the nonwhite jobless rate was twice that of whites, the ratio between the two rates was at its lowest quarterly level since 965. The unemployment rate for persons covered under State unemployment insurance programs edged down slightly in March. At percent, the rate was near the postworld War II low of percent posted in December. Total unemployment was down by nearly 200,000 workers since last March. Nearly all of the improvement occurred among adult men. Total Employment and Civilian Labor Force The number of nonagricultural workers on parttime schedules for economic reasons rose sharply in March. The increase was nearly 75,000 (seasonally adjusted) and was the second straight monthly rise. Twothirds of the March increase occurred among persons who usually work full time. Parttime employment for economic reasons, at million, was up 00,000 from a year ago. Over the year, the civilian labor force increased million. Total employment was up by million650,000 adult men, million adult women, and 250,000 teenagers. Almost twofifths of the gain was among voluntary parttime workers.

4 Teenage Employment Requirements in the Summer of by Hazel M. Willacy* Many teenagers encounter difficulty in obtaining jobs in the summer months, in large part because of the vast numbers entering the job market at the same time. Summer employment of teenagers serves as an earning opportunity and also provides the necessary work experience to ease their transition from school to work. Even though many private and public employers have provided summer job opportunities for teenagers, a large proportion of 69 yearolds have had difficulty finding employment. The estimates of the teenage labor force for the summer of provided here, while not precise, are designed to give a rough idea of the number of jobs that will be needed this summer. In the United States, as a whole, an estimated 8 million teenagers will be in the labor force. An even greater number of teenagers will actually want work sometime during the summer, but this number is an average for the 3 months. If all teenagers are to find employment this summer, an estimated million more jobs than were available last year will be required. In the spring of, an estimated 5 million youth probably will be employed. By the summer, about million additional jobs will be needed. (Since there will always be some frictional unemployment, however, the actual number of required jobs will be somewhat lower.) The summer job problems of youth are most critical in the large cities, where knowledge of job opportunities is frequently limited. In the 20 largest metropolitan areas, approximately 2,550, yearolds will be in the labor force, the same as last summer. If all teenage jobseekers are to find work, the number of jobs available will have to be 400,000 greater than were available last summer. Many teenagers, of course, will have held jobs during the winter and spring and, therefore, will not be looking for work initially in the summer months. An estimated million 69 yearolds will be employed in these 20 metropolitan areas in the spring of (MarchMay average), virtually the same number as a year earlier. About twofifths of these jobs will be full time, presumably carrying on into the summer. The other threefifths, however, are parttime jobs held by students who probably will want fulltime work during school vacation or as they begin their working careers upon graduation from high school. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has been following the summer youth employment situation for a number of years. Each year until 967, both the teenage labor force and the number employed increased. After particularly strong gains in 966, however, both the labor force and employment increases tailed off somewhat in the subsequent 2 years, as the teenage population growth slowed. The largest proportion of the additional jobs in past summers have gone to white teenagers. Their jobless rate has continued to be lower than that for black teenagers. The provision of preemployment training in schools, special manpower programs geared to teenagers, improvements in vocational counseling, and better transportation from the inner city to outlying areas may put black teenagers in a stronger competitive position. *Of the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

5 Projected teenage labor force in the 20 largest metropolitan areas, Summer Metropolitan area Teenage employment, summer Projected teenage employment, spring Projected labor force, summer New York Los AngelesLong Beach.. Chicago Philadelphia Detroit...'..'. San FranciscoOakland... Boston Pittsburgh St. Louis Washington, D.C Cleveland Baltimore Newark MinneapolisSt. Paul... Buffalo Houston Milwaukee PatersonCliftonPassaic Cincinnati Dallas 300, , ,000 70,000 55,000 80,000 0,000 75,000 75,000 00,000 65,000 60,000 60,000 85,000 55,000 55,000 55,000 45,000 40,000 55,000 20, ,000 90,000 20,000 30,000 65,000 85,000 65,000 60,000 65,000,000 45,000 45,000 65,000 45,000 45,000 40,000 35,000 35,000 40, , , , ,000 85,000 05,000 25,000 00,000 90,000 25,000 80,000 70,000 70,000 95,000 65,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 45,000 65,000 Total, 20 areas 2,40,000,635,000 2,550,000 United States total... 7,265,000 5,365,000 8,680,000

6 / Chart, MILLIONS r. '. ^ LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT 957 to date (Seasonally adjusted) r*» mi Tota Civilian labor force ^ * yment Wcmpo ** ^^^ labor force ^" r / * vlonagricultural employment MILLIONS 56 n IIII M! I I I /^ ' Quarterly averages M o n t h l y d a t a Chart 2. PERCENT 0.0 MAJOR UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS 953 to date (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT Unemployment rateall civilian workers j IP f \ f l \ "j f IV Un t nf lahnr orce time lost B IAI smpioymeni \i married men le \ V V \.> ^^ "^ A Ml III II III III II Quarterly averages Monthly data 970 Series revised beginning 963 to reflect whether unemployed persons sought fullor parttime jobs

7 Chart 3. MILLIONS 4 PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN GOODS PRODUCING INDUSTRIES 957 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS 4 Mining Quarterly averages Monthly data 'Includes selfemployed and unpaid family workers. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary. Chart 4. MILLIONS 6 PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN SERVICEPRODUCING INDUSTRIES 957 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS 6 Whole ;ale an i retail trade^ ^^^ ^ Serv ices^ * Tra isportation an J publi ; utilities *^ * * " ^ Finaice, insuranc( 3 and real esta! =( = FeJeral gc vernm jnt ^ * * Stat s and )cal go^/ernment H Quarterly averages INI I III Mill I III III HIM I Monthly data Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

8 Chart 5. PERCENT 8 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY AGE AND SEX 953 to date (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT 8 A n A / U Women 20 years and over Men 20 years and over ^ ^ ^ Quarterly averages iiiniiilll ii ii iniii i in in in i mi mi Monthly data Chart 6. MILLIONS 7 TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT BY DURATION 953 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS 7 6 f Tota unernployment n f / ^> DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AS A PERCENT OF THE TOTAL 0 PERCENT Quarterly averages 963 n u n iiiiilini iiiini In n u n in IIIIIII m i i Monthly data

9 Chart 7. HOURS OF WORK IN MANUFACTURING, CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRADE 957 to date HOURS (Seasonally adjusted) H0URS f \ holesa e and reta i tre 'de"""" A A Won IV anufac * turingj ract co [V V istruct on V^ V i iimmiiii AM/,, i, V IIIIII IMIf OVERTIME HOURS IN MANUFACTURING 0 4 ^ 2 n Quarterly averages Monthly data * Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary. Chart 8. DOLLARS 80 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING, CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRADE 957 to date DOLLARS M / * \ J / / / y A y y Contract c onstru :tion^ A ^ ufactur ng s/ > « ^ ^ Whc lesale c nd retc n trade IIin HUM MINI IIII III II \ Quarterly averages Monthly data includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

10 Chart 9. MILLIONS 8 7 EMPLOYMENT IN NONFARM OCCUPATIONS 957 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) WHITECOLLAR WORKERS MILLIONS 8 7 Clerical workers Professional and technical workers nagers, officals, and proprietor Sales workers MILLIONS 7 BLUECOLLAR AND SERVICE WORKERS* Nonfarm laborers * Excludes household workers. 0

11 Chart 0. MILLIONS 64 PERSONS AT WORK IN NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES BY FULLAND PARTTIME STATUS 955 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) MILLIONS FULLTIME SCHEDULES *5A Fulltime workers A Af.r i i i i i i i I I I! o MILLIONS 2 MILLIONS 2 0 PARTTIME SCHEDULES S 9 8 y 6 Workers on voluntary parttime schedules \ n K y \ V/orker s on p arttim e IS i i i i L i

12 Chart. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY OCCUPATION 958 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) Whitecollar workers Percent Managers, officials and proprietors I I i I Nonfarm laborers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen Service and farm workers jrvice we)rkers > Farm v\orkers ^ ^ * ^ \

13 Chart 2, PERCENT 5 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY COLOR 957 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) PERCENT o ^ / / y y r\ \ V Ky < ^ / Nonwhites \, Whites \ N ^., Q 0 RATIO 3 2 RATIO OF NONWHITE TO WHITE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE s,. 0 RA io 3 2 o i i i i i i 970 o Chart 3. STATE INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Week ending March 5, (Not seasonally adjusted) 9% a OVER i 68% 2% UNDER 2% PUERTO RICO Insured jobless under State unemployment insurance programs excludes workers who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers, and persons from jobs not covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Source: Bureau of Employment Security 3

14 MONTHLY TABLES HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment Status A : Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 929 to date 7 A 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years and over by sex, 947 to date 8 A 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color 9 A 4: Labor force by age, sex, and color 2 A 5: Employment status of persons 62 years of age in the noninstitutional population by color and sex. 23 A 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years and over by color, age, and sex 23 A 7: Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force by age and sex 24 Characteristics of the Unemployed A 8: Unemployed persons by age and sex 25 A 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color 25 A0: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex 26 A: Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 26 A2: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color 27 A3: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age 27 A4: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 28 A5: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status 28 A6: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 29 Characteristics of the Employed A7: Employed persons by age and sex 29 A8: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex 30 A9: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex 3 A20: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex 32 A2: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex 33 A22: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 33 A23: Persons at work 34 hours by usual status and reason working parttime 34 A24: Nonagricultural workers by full or parttime status 34 A25: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full or parttime status, age, sex, color, and marital status 35 A26: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status and sex 37 Characteristics of 4 and 5 Yearolds A27: Employment status of 45 yearolds by sex and color 39 A28: Employed 45 yearolds by sex, major occupation group, and class of worker Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data A29: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 40 A30: Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted 4 A3: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 42 A32: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 43 A33: Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 43 A34: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 44 A35: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted 44 5 a9e

15 MONTHLY TABLES (Continued) ESTABLISHMENT DATA EmploymentNational B: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 99 to date 45 B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 46 B3: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry B4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 99 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted 54 B5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 55 B6: Production workers in industrial and construction activities, seasonally adjusted 56 EmploymentState and Area B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division 58 Hours and EarningsNational C: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, 947 to date. 69 C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 70 C3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government ^ C4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry 82 C5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and dollars 83 C6: Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities 83 C7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 84 C8: Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours in industrial and construction activities, seasonally adjusted 85 C9: Output per manhour, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, private economy, seasonally adjusted 86 Hours and EarningsState and Area C0: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas 87 Labor TurnoverNational D: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 958 to date 9 D2: Labor turnover rates, by industry 92 D3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 958 to date, seasonally adjusted 97 Labor TurnoverState and Area D4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas.. 98 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA E: Insured unemployment under State programs 0 E2: Insured unemployment in 50 major labor areas 02 age 'Quarterly data included in February, May, August, and November issues. 6

16 HOUSEHOLD DATA A : Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 929 to date (In thousands) Year and month Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of popula Civilian labor force Total Employed Total Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Numbei Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Not in labor force Persons 4 years of age and over , , 957, 958, , 96, , 964, : March April May June Jfcly August... September October.. November. December. : January.. February. March a Not available. U) 00,380 0,520 02,60 03,660 04,630 05,530 06,520 07,608 49,440 50,080 50,680 5,250 5,840 52,490 53,40 53,740 54,320 54,950 55,600 56,80 57,530 60,380 64,560 66,040 65,300 60,970 6, ,80 49,820 50,420 5,000 5,590 52,230 52,870 53,440 54,000 54,60 55,230 55,640 55,90 56,40 55,540 54,630 53,860 57,520 60,68 47,630 45,480 42,400 38,940 38,760 40,890 42,260 44,40 46,300 44,220 45,750 47,520 50,350 53,750 54,470 53,960 52,820 55,250 57,82 0,450 0,340 0,290 0,70 0,090 9,900 0,0 0,000 9,820 9,690 9,60 9,540 9,00 9,250 9,080 8,950 8,580 8,320 8,256 37,80 35,40 32,0 28,770 28,670 30,990 32,50 34,40 36,480 34,530 36,40 37,980 4,250 44,500 45,390 45,00 44,240 46,930 49,557,550 4,340 8,020 2,060 2,830,340 0,60 9,030 7,700 0,390 9,480 8,20 5,560 2,660, ,040 2,270 2, Persons 6 years of age and over 03,48 04,527 05,6 06,645 07,72 08,823 0,60,67 2,732 3,8 5,065 6,363 7,88 9,759 2,343 22,98 25,54 27,224 29,236 3,80 33,39 35,562 34,904 35,059 35,249 35,440 35,639 35,839 36,036 36,22 36,420 36,69 36,802 36,940 37,43 60,94 62,080 62,903 63,858 65,7 65,730 66,560 66,993 68,072 69,409 69,729 70,275 70,92 72,42 73,03 73,442 74,57 75,830 77,78 78,893 80,793 82,272 80,938 8,4 8,770 84,454 84,550 83,792 82,37 82,477 82,702 82,68 8,7 82,579 82, , 60, 6, 62, 62, 62, 63, 63, 65, 66, ,203,546,874,85,8,234,04,266 57, 58, 57, 58, 59, 60, 6, 60, 62, 63, ,93,273,746,432,939,364,609,700,358,8, ,89,629,656,60,726,50,26,206,449,283,947,586,565,458,200,944,687,523,36,979,844,87,537,85,996,56,476,07,838,767,607,279,65,285, ,48,73,990,760,239,753,922,903,724,57,23,450,065,38,546,759,076,782,726,95,527,03,980,292,935,757,270,325,03,596,00,42,92,896,93 2,3 2,276 3,637 3,288 2,055,883,834 3,532 2,852 2,750 2,859 4,602 3,740 3,852 4,74 3,9 4,070 3,786 3,366 2,875 2,975 2,87 2,929 2,49 2,303 3,64 3,27 2,772 2,606 2,5 2,577 2,49 2,876 2,923 2, ,477 42,447 42,708 42,787 42,604 43,093 44,04 44,678 44,660 44,402 45,336 46,088 46,960 47,67 48,32 49,539 50,583 5,394 52,058 52,288 52,527 53,29 53,965 53,99 53,479 50,986 5,088 52,047 53,900 53,744 53,78 54,00 55,09 54,36 54,373 44,200 43,990 42,230 39,00 38,590 40,230 45,550 45, O 69 2 Digitized for FRASER

17 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 2: Employment status of the noninstitotional population 6 years and over by sex, 947 to date (In thousands) Year, month, and sex Total noninstitutional popula Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Season ally adjusted MALE , , : March September October.. November. December. : January.., February. March FEMALE ,... : March September October.. November. December. : January.. February. March 50,968 5,439 5,922 52,352 52,788 53,248 54,248 54,706 55,22 55,547 56,082 56,640 57,32 58,44 58,826 59,626 60,627 6,556 62,473 63,35 64,36 65,345 65,044 65,562 65,646 65,738 65,829 65,9 65,968 66,063 52,450 53,088 53,689 54,293 54,933 55,575 56,353 56,965 57,60 58,264 58,983 59,723 60,569 6,65 62,57 63,355 64,527 65,668 66,763 67,829 69,003 70,27 69,860 70,435 70,575 70,683 70,790 70,890 70,972 7,08 44,258 44,729 45,097 45,446 46,063 46,46 47,3 47,275 47,488 47,94 47,964 48,26 48,405 48,870 49,93 49,395 49,835 50,387 50,946 5,560 52,398 53,030 52,23 52,879 52,87 52,678 52,745 52,364 52,673 52,832 6,683 7,35 7,806 8,42 9,054 9,34 9,429 9,78 20,584 2,495 2,765 22,49 22,56 23,272 23,838 24,047 24,736 25,443 26,232 27,333 28,395 29,242 28,85 29,257 29,660 30,024 29,873 29,347 29,906 29, , ,686 43,286 43,498 43,89 43,00 42,869 43,633 43,965 44,475 45,09 45,97 45,52 45,886 46,388 46,653 46,600 47,29 47,679 48,255 48,47 48,987 49,533 48,669 49,327 49,253 49,98 49,283 48,924 49,237 49,368 6,664 7,335 7,788 8,389 9,06 9,269 9,382 9,678 20,548 2,46 2,732 22,8 22,483 23,240 23,806 24,04 24,704 25,42 26,200 27,299 28,360 29,204 28,778 29,29 29,62 29,987 29,835 29,309 29,868 29,898 40,994 4,726 40,026 4,580 4,780 4,684 42,43 4,620 42,62 43,380 43,357 42,423 43,466 43,904 43,656 44,77 44,657 45,474 46,340 46,99 47,479 48,4 47,050 48,72 48,074 47,969 48,000 47,356 47,697 47,907 6,045 6,68 6,723 7,340 8,82 8,570 8,750 8,490 9,550 20,422 20,74 20,63 2,64 2,874 22,090 22,525 23,05 23,83 24,748 25,976 26,893 27,807 24,468 27,767 28,289 28,639 28,699 28,002 28,484 28,63 6,643 6,358 6,342 6,00 5,533 5,389 5,253 5,200 5,265 5,039 4,824 4,596 4,532 4,472 4,298 4,069 3,809 3,69 3,547 3,243 3,64 3,57 3,05 3,36 3,046 2,962 2,758 2,678 2,777 2,833,248,27,34,59,93,2,008,006,84,244,23 990, ,35 35,368 34,584 35,578 36,248 36,294 37,78 36,48 37,357 38,340 38,532 37,827 38,934 39,43 39,359 40,08 40,849 4,782 42,792 43,675 44,35 44,957 44,034 45,036 45,029 45,007 45,242 44,678 44,920 45,074 4,797 5,347 5,409 6,82 6,990 7,459 7,744 7,486 8,367 9,77 9,59 9,623 20,3 20,887 2,87 2,65 22,227 23,000 23,934 25,240 26,22 27,47 26,946 27,067 27,568 27,994 28,79 27,55 27,975 28,9,692,559 2,572 2,239,22,85,202 2,344,854,7,84 3,098 2,420 2,486 2,997 2,423 2,472 2,205,94,55,508,49,69,55,79,229,283,568,539, ,065, ,88 998,039,08,504,320,366,77,488,598,58,452,324,468,397,30,452,332,347,36,308,384, Digitized for FRASER

18 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color March (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Unemployed Age, sex, and color Percent of population Employed Percent of labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work MALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 52,832 6,69 3,792,532 2, ,368 5,097 3,408,507,90 47,907 4,559 2,995,288,708, ,230 4,268 3,50 2,2, ,595 3,969 3,322 2,4,208, to 64 years 20 to 24 years to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 46,880 6,843 33,024 6,225 5,387 5,32 5,663 5,537 4, ,799 5,02 3,770 5,769 5,08 5,030 5,558 5,467 4,865 42,806 4,755 3,84 5,634 4,99 4,956 5,464 5,365 4, ,928,263, ,273, to 64 years. 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 7,03 4,33 2,880 2,60, ,009 4,29 2,880 2,60, ,868 4,039 2,829 2,05, , ,792,703 4, WHITE MALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 47,590 5,868 3,38,40, ,487 4,494 3,038,379,658 43,276 4,050 2,698,85,52, ,609 3,629 2,96,848, ,950 3,40 2,89,777,042, to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 42,232 6,043 29,750 0,37 9,883 9, ,473 4,394 28,643 9,706 9,530 9,408 38,646 4,78 28,60 9,53 9,393 9, ,336, , to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years years and over 6,440 3,780 2,660, ,435 3,776 2,659,977 6,308 3,696 2,62, , , NONWHITE MALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 5, , , , to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 4, ,275,24, , ,27,44, , ,023,094, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over

19 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color Continued March (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Unemployed Not in labor force Age, sex, and color Percent of population Employed Numbei Percent of labor force Keeping house Going school Unable work FEMALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years, 29,938 4,728 2,676,02, ,898 4,707 2,666,02,654 28,63 4,242 2, ,468, ,43 5,923 4,453 2,636,86 34,60, ,360 4,035 3,533 2,359, to 64 years 20ft)24 years, 25 to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 26,56 4,572 7,526 2,877 2,463 2,687 3,20 3,332 2, ,26 4,554 7,54 2,873 2,460 2,684 3,200 3,33 2,966 25,92 4,277 6,938 2,750 2,354 2,592 3,092 3,26 2, ,20 3,454 8,399 3,70 3,9 2,998 2,979 2,88 2,639 25,53 2,662 7,784 3,588 3,06 2,90 2,883 2,767 2, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over, 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 4,059 2,5,548, ,058 2,5,548., ,978 2,45,526, ,347 2,568 2,779 9,489 2,953 6,536 5,085 2,462 2,622 8,32 2,695 5, WHITE FEMALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years, 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 26,36 4,60 2,372 97, ,0 4,42 2,363 97,447 25,099 3,794 2,6 809,307, ,39 5,059 3,772 2,227,545 3,545, ,748 3,48 3,030,997, to 64 years 20 to 24 years. 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 22,768 3,986 5,39 4,48 5,064 5, ,970 5,29 4,476 5,060 5,593 22,04 3,779 4,664 4,3 4,890 5, ,594 3,038 6,652 6,257 5,380 5,04 23,208 2,36 6,73 6,092 5,228 4, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,643 2,232, ,642 2,232, ,572 2,8, ,904 2,363 2,54 8,773 4,674 2,268 2,406 7, NONWHITE FEMALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years.. 3, , , , , to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years. 3, , » , , , , ,607 46, ,323 30, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over

20 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 4: Labor force by age, sex, and color Total labor force Civilian labor force Age, J Thousands of persons Participatic Thousands of perso; Participation rate MALE 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years.. 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 52,832 3,792,532 2,260 6,843 33,024,62 0,984 0,428 7,03 4,33 2,880 2,60 52,23 3,80,442 2,359 6,57 32,782,266,92 0,325 6,98 4,088 2,893 2, ,368 3,408,507,90 5,02 3,770 0,850 0,589 0,332 7,009 4,29 2,880 2, WHITE MALE 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 47,590 3,38,40,980 6,043 29,750 0,37 9,883 9,495 6,440 3,780 2,660,977 46,892 3,36,286 2,075 5,749 29,507 0,045 0,069 9,392 6,385 3,740 2,645, ,487 3,038,379,658 4,394 28,643 9,706 9,530 9,408 6,435 3,776 2,659,977 43,744 2,795,26,534 4,284 28,396 9,385 9,72 9,299 6,380 3,735 2,644, NONWHITE MALE 6 years and over 6 to 9 years and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over, ,275,24, , ,276,220, , ,27,44, , ,52,39, ,

21 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 4: Labor force by age, sex, and color Continued Total labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and color Thousands of persons Participation rate Thousands of persons Participation rate FEMALE 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years. 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 29,938 2,676,02,664 4,572 7,526 5,340 5,888 6,299 4,059 2,5,548,06 28,85 2, ,76 4,3 7,088 5,068 5,905 6,5 3,962 2,39, ,898 2,666,02,654 4,554 7,54 5,334 5,884 6,297 4,058 2,5,548,06 28,778 2, ,705 4,6 7,076 5,06 5,90 6,4 3,962 2,39, WHITE FEMALE 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years > 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 26,36 2,372 97,455 3,986 5,39 4,48 5,064 5,594 3,643 2,232, ,22 2,35 849,503 3,64 4,700 4,228 5,059 5,43 3,557 2,4, ,0 2,363 97,447 3,970 5,29 4,476 5,060 5,593 3,642 2,232, ,088 2,34 848,493 3,600 4,690 4,222 5,056 5,42 3,557 2,40, NONWHITE FEMALE 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3, , , , , , , ,

22 23 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 5: Employment status of persons 62 years of age in the noninstitutional population by color and sex March (In thousands Total White Nonwhite Employment status Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population. Civilian labor force Employed Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work Not in labor force. Major activity: going to school Civilian labor force.. Emploved... Nonagricultural industries Percent of labor force Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work Not in labor force Major activity: other Civilian labor force Employed. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work Not in labor force Both sexes 2,538, ,804 8, ,444, ,9 3,894 3, , ,004 5,90 5, , ,87 Male 0,887 6, ,097 4, , ,268 2,347 2,074 8, ,969 2,750 2, , A 6: Employment status of the noninstitutiona Employment status and color TOTAL Total noninstitutional population... Total labor force Percent of population.. Civilian labor force Employed. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed. Percent of labor force Not in labor force WHITE Total noninstitutional population.. Total labor force Percent of population.... Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Percent of labor force Not in labor force. 37,43 82, ,266 76,520 3,327 73,93 2,746 54,373 22,474 73, ,588 68,374 3,04 65,36 2,24 * 48,748 Total (In 34,904 80, ,447 74,57 3,537 70,980 2,929 53,965 20,577 72, ,83 66,57 3,9 63, * 48,563 Female 0,65 4, ,707 4, , ,923,547,370 3, ,035 3,60 2, , ,888 Both. sexes 8,76 0, ,635 7, , ,688 3,578 3,9 79 3, ,882 5,058 4, , ,805 Male 9,497 5, ,494 4, , ,629 2,6,922 67, ,40 2,333 2,28 2 2, Female 9,29 4,60 4 4,42 3, , ,059,47,270 3, ,48 2,725 2, , ,577 Both sexes 2,822,39 46, , , population 6 years and over by color, age, and sex thousands) Men, 20 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 69 years 58,760 49, ,959 44,9 2,579 42,332,048 9,720 52,857 44, ,450 40,578 2,325 38, ,647 57,880 48, ,483 44,264 2,750 4,54,29 9,557 52,00 43, ,949 39,956 2,45 37, ,570 63,952 27, ,232 26, , ,690 57,32 23, ,738 22, , ,367 62,868 26, ,4 25, , ,700 56,207 22, ,746 2, , ,436 4,43 6, ,075 5, , ,963 2,486 5, ,40 4, , ,733 Male, Female, ,56 6, ,823 5, , ,708 2,270 5, ,36 4, , ,557 NONWHITE Total noninstitutional population.. Total labor force Percent of population... Civilian labor force. : Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 4,669 9, ,678 8, , ,625 4,327 8, ,65 8, , ,402 5,904 4,83 8 4,50 4, ,080 76,073 5,779 4i ,534 4, , ,820 3, ,494 3, , ,323 6,66 3, ,395 3, , ,264, ,229, ,5

23 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 7: F u l l a n d p a r t t i m e s t a t u s of t h e c i v i l i a n l a b o r f o r c e b y a g e a n d s e x March (In thousands) Fulltime labor force Parttime labor force Age and sex Employed Part time for economic reasons Unemployed (looking for fulltime work) Percent of fulltime labor force Employed )n voluntary part timel Unemployed (looking for parttime work) Percent of parttime labor force TOTAL 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over.. 25 to 54 years years and ovei 67,799 5,523 2, ,7 65,2 8,72 57,039 45,065,974 63,778 4,652 2,08 290,792 6,696 7,49 54,277 43,002,275, , ,480, , ,733 45,282, ,467 4,28 3,487 2,02,385 7,980,402 6,579 4,29 2,359 0,78 3,820 3,079,826,253 7,702,30 6,392 4,086 2, MALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 20 years and over to 24 years 25 years and over. 25 to 54 years.. 55 years and ove 45,63 2,670,382 43,78 4,360 39,42 3,26 8,60 42,974 2,24,09 4,865 3,989 37,875 30,66 7,709, , ,205 2,427 2,026 2,78 660,58 509,009 3,867 2,55,788 2, , FEMALE 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over to 54 years 55 years and over. 22,636 2,853,206 2,430 3,82 7,68 3,804 3,84 20,804 2, ,832 3,43 6,40 2,836 3, / Employed persons with a job, but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full and parttime employed categories ,262,854,460 5, ,06 3,70,35 6,94,665,29 5, ,96 3,593,324 J_

24 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 8: Unemployed persons by age and sex Female Total, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years, 25 years and over 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Household head, 6 years and ovei 6 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Mar,,* , l Thousands of persons Mar,,69 * , Unemployment rates Mar, 3o0 4,6 0 2,6 Mar, 5 6 Mar,, Thousands of persons, Mar, 2 3A 2,0 Unemployment rates Mar, 2 O 2 6^ 4 5 A 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color Male Female Marital status, age, and color Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 6 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Total, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) White, 6 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) White, 20 to 64 years of age... Married, spouse present... Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Nonwhite, 6 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Nonwhite, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married), , Mar,, , , ,2 8, , li 0., , , ,

25 HOUSEHOLD DATA A0: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Occupation Thousands of persons Total Unemployment rates Male Female Total. Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers. Sales workers Bluecollar workers. Craftsmen and foremen Carpenters and other construction craftsmen All other Operatives Drivers and deliverymen All other Nonfarm laborers..' Construction laborers All other Service workers, Private household., All other Farmers and farm laborers..,, No previous work experience to 9 years 20 to 24 years, 2$ years and over 2, , , , o4 mm... « JS 6 3*3 7o * B 5 7 a) 7 7»7 4/9 5 Perc<tent not shown where base Is less than 00,000. Industry Private wage and salary workers. Mining. Construction. Manufacturing. Durable goods Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment Motor vehicles and equipment All other transportation equipment Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other finished textile products. Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities. Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services All other service industries Agricultural wage and salary workers All other classes of workers No previous work experience All: Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Percent distribution o4.k 9 3o9 9 :? ruo Percent not shown where base is less than 00, l.l? 3 4 3ol a.4 8. Total Unemployment rates 3oO 9 3o

26 HOUSEHOLD DATA A2: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color Reason for unemployment Total unemployed Male, 20 years and over Female, 20 years and over J3oth sexes, 6 to 9 years White Nonwhite UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL Total unemployed, in thousands Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before 2,746, ,929, , , , ,34, Total unemployed, percent distribution Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Total unemployment rate Jobloser rate Jobleav.er rate... Reentrant rate New entrant rate A3: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age March (Percent distribution) Total unemployed Duration of unemployment Reason, sex, and age Thousands of persons Percent Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before 2,746, Male, 20 years and over Lost last job Reentered labor force Never worked before, Female, 20 years and over... Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Both sexes, 6 to 9 years... Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Percent not shown where base is less than 00,000.

27 HOUSEHOLD DATA A4: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Total Household head Duration of unemployment Thou sands Percent distribution Thousands Percent di stribution Total 2,746 2,929 96,05 5 to 4 weeks., I,k6l J& A5: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status March Thousands of persons Sex, age, color, and marital status Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 5 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group Total 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over 2,746,003 73^ 543, k Male 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Female 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over White: Total Male Female, , ,24,22, , k ^ Nonwhite: Total Male Female Vf Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated... Single (never married) Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated. Single (never married) >ul

28 HOUSEHOLD DATA A6: U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s by d u r a t i o n, o c c u p a t i o n, a n d i n d u s t r y of last j o b March Occupation and industry OCCUPATION Less than 5 weeks Thousands of persons *> to 4 weeks 5 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and Less than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 5 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group Whitecollar workers Professional and managerial Clerical workers Sales workers Ill Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers, Service workers Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods INDUSTRY Transportation and public utilities.... Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Public administration (2) (2) (2) 56 5 (2) 6 (2) (2) (2) 6 9 (2) No previ work experience Includes wage and salary workers only. 2percent not shown where base is less than 00,000. A7: Employed persons by age and sex (In thousands) Age and type of industry All industries 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Nonagricultural industries 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Agriculture 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 76,520 5,340 2,65 3,75 9,032 48,2 5,729 6,04 6,288 0,846 6,49 4,356 3,8 73,93 5,066 2,009 3,057 8,850 46,4 5,289 5,537 5,586 0,67 6,20 4,047 2,700 3, , ,57 5,00,993 3,07 8,464 47,345 5,097 6,247 6,000 0,678 6,303 4,374 2,93 70,980 4,799,802 2,997 8,248 45,55 4,63 5,630 5,27 9,928 5,899 4,029 2,49 3, , ,907 2,995,288,708 4,755 3,84 0,625 0,420 0,39 6,868 4,039 2,829 2,05 45,074 2,742,45,597 4,60 29,796 0,262 9,963 9,57 6,276 3,722 2,554,658 2, , ,050 2,785,92,594 4,63 30,864 0,28 0,560 0,023 6,89 3,985 2,834,968 44,034 2,520,022,498 4,420 29,376 9,877 0,065 9,434 6,63 3,635 2,528,556 3, , ,63 2, ,468 4,277 6,938 5,04 5,684 6,50 3,978 2,45,526,076 28,9 2, ,460 4,248 6,65 5,027 5,574 6,04 3,89 2,398,493, ,468 2,35 80,54 3,85 6,48 4,86 5,687 5,977 3,859 2,38, ,946 2, ,499 3,828 6,38 4,736 5,565 5,837 3,765 2,264,

29 HOUSEHOLD DATA A8: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex (In thousands) Occupation Tote I Male, 20 years and over Female, 20 years and over Ma e, 69 y ears Fema e, 69 ye ars Total 76,520 74,57 44,9 44,264 26,268 25,53 2,995 2,785 2,345 2,35 36,458 35,392 8,774 8,462 5,766 5, ,280,299 Medical and other health Teachers, except college Other professional and technical 0,950,678 2,497 6,775 0,46,606 2,478 6,377 6, ,273 6, ,994 4,08,05,738,353 3,955 97,738, Managers, officials, and proprietors Selfemployed workers in retail trade.... Selfemployed workers, except retail trade 7,87 5,60,5,56 7,734 5,497,02,35 6,60 4, ,09 6,488 4, ,000, , Stenographers, typists, and secretaries... 3,086 3,355 9,732 2,64 3,328 9,33 3, ,037 3, ,07 8,784 3,043 5,74 8,248 2,964 5, Retail trade. 4,55 2,740,8 4,556 2,702,854 2, ,548 2, ,65,65,439 22,583, Bluecollar workers 27,340 26,529 20,994 20,472 4,528 4,395,600, Carpenters Construction craftsmen, except carpenters Metal craftsmen, except mechanics Other craftsmen and kindred workers... Foremen, not elsewhere classified 9, ,848 2,672,95,750,509 9, ,808 2,529,284,83,370 9,36 836,809 2,568,69,57,407 9,2 754,764 2,453,247,647, Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries 4,202 2,574,626 4,907 3,866 2,853 3,799 2,42,378 4,736 3,838 2,804 9,042 2,357 6,686 3,37,580,789 8,834 2,227 6,607 3,22,635,75 4, ,035,32 2, , ,967,303, Nonfarm laborers 3, ,073,60 3,40 594,006,540 2, ,3 2, , ,672 9,366 2,769 2,802 5,555 5, Private household workers,684, ,33, Service workers, except private household.. Protective service workers Waiters cooks and bartenders Other service workers , ,030 5,036 7, ,020 4,67 2, ,499 2, ,492 4,224 47,286 2,89 3,876 39,278 2, Farm workers 3,050 3,23 2,374 2, Farmers and farm managers,790,899,705, Farm laborers and foremen Paid workers, ,

30 HOUSEHOLD DATA A9: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex (Percent distribution) Occupation group and color TOTAL Total employed (thousands) Percent Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers.. Farm workers, Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen 76, , ,907 4o , k , , Io3 WHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent 68,374 66,57 43,276 42,435 25,099 00,0 24,083 Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen. Operatives. Nonfarm laborers O l 4 o Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers. Farm laborers and foremen NONWHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers.. Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers. Farm laborers and foremen.. 8, o < , ol , , ^ ,55 # , OJS

31 HOUSEHOLD DATA A20: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex March (In thousands) Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Age and sex Wage and salary workers Private household workers Self employed Unpaid family workers Wage and salary workers Self employed Unpaid family workers Total 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years...,8 and 9 years to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years years and over... 67,46 4,942,939 3,003 8,692 4,525 4,82 4,055 8,959 5,43 3,529 2,07, , ,397 2,609 2,736 2,76,872, ,440 4,07,500 2,607 7,20,753,208 0,946 6,699 4,080 2,69,525 5, ,249,367, , , Male 6 to 9 years... 6 and 7 years. 8 and 9 years. 20 to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 years and over. 4,34 2,663,093,570 4,524 9,754 8,974 8,524 5,440 3,248 2,92, , ,476,593,574, ,342 2, ,440 3,96 8,267 7,368 6,930 4,370 2,590,480,039 3, , , Female 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 years and over., 26,328 2, ,434 4,67 4,77 5,208 5,53 3,59 2,83, , , ,33,43, ,098, ,67 3,240 3,486 3,840 4,06 2,330, ,

32 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 2 : E m p l o y e d p e r s o n s w i t h a j o b b u t n o t a t w o r k b y r e a s o n, p a y s t a t u s, a n d s e x (In thousands) All incustries Nonagricultur al industries Reason not working Total, 2 Paid absence Wage and salary workers Unpaid al>sence Total Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute i 2,720 60, , , , , , , , , Illness Mole, , , , Illness Female, , , , Excludes private household. Pay status not available separately for Bad weather and Industrial dispute; these categories are included in All other reasons. A22: Persons at w o r k by type of industry a n d hours of w o r k March Thousands of persons Percent distribution Hours of work All industries Nonagricultural industries All industries Nonagricultural industries Total at work.. 73,800 70,60 3,99 34 hours 4 hours 54 hours 529 hours hours... 5, ,732 7,69 3,674 4, ,446 7,045 3,53, hours and over 3539 hours 40 hours 4 hours and over 4 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours. 60 hours and over 57,990 4,908 30,377 22,705 9,880 7,35 5,690 55,92 4,695 30,062 2,55 9,537 6,72 4,897 2, , Average hours, total at work. Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules O 69 3

33 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 2 3 : Persons at w o r k 34 hours by usual status a n d r e a s o n w o r k i n g parttime March (In thousands) All industries Nonz gricultural industries Reasons working part time Total Usually work full time Usually work part time Total Usually work full time Usually work part time Total 5,80 4,707,03 4,689 4,272 0,48 Slack work,96, , , Does not want, or unavailable for, fulltime work Illness 3,850 8,283 28, ,29,573 3,583 28, ,053 0,267 8, , ,957 7,853 25, ,84,437 3, , ,0 9,664 7,853 20, Average hours: Economic reasons Worked 30 to 34 hours: 58 3, ,675 5, , ,62 38,365 A24: N o n a g ricultural w o r k e r s by full or p a r t t i m e status March Percent distribution Industry Total at On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total On fulltime schedules 40 hours or less 4 to 48 hours 49 hours or more Average hours, total at work hours, workers on fulltime schedules Tota.^ Wage and salary workers Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries. Private households All other service, Public administration A Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers 'Mining not shown separately but included in totals.

34 HOUSEHOLD DATA A25: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full or parttime status, age, sex, color, and marital status March On fulltime schedules Age, sex, color and marital status Total work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total 40 hours or less 4 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules (In.thousands) TOTAL Total, 6 years and over. 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 years and oves 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 70,60 8,207 4,935,963 2,972 65,666 8,62 57,046 29,943 24,66 2,487, , , ,664 3,538 2,846,675,7 6,88,235 5,583 2,56 2, ,206 4,362, ,678 57,282 7,094 50,89 26,796 2,93,480 38,05 3,333,495 82,32 36,555 5,067 3,490 6,387 4, ,55, ,727 2,027 8,699 0,409 7, Males, 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 47 years 8 and 9 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years, 25 years and over, 25 to 44 years, 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 43,497 4,05 2,664,7,547 40,833 4,484 36,349 9,706 5,28, ,238,927, , , ,388 2, ,400 3,766 34,634 9,095 4, ,330, ,67 2,350 9,267 0,23 8, , ,783,46 5,367 8,882 6, Females, 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years «65 years and over , ,426,62, , ,500 2,246, ,88 2, ,882 3,329 5,553 7,699 7, ,720, ,938 2,78 2,220 6,73 5, , , ,333,526, COLOR Total White Male Female , ,66 2,939 5,723 53,066 35,680 7,385 33,394 9,702 3,692 9,672 5,978 3, Total Nonwhite Male Female , ,39 3,707 2,432 4,655 2,627 2,029,484, MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 34, 407 2, 292 6, ,24 32,892 2,065 4,43 8,030,256 3,043 4, , Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 5, 887 5, 296 5, , ,696,559 4,82 4,077 9,245 3,26 3,26 2,

35 HOUSEHOLD DATA A25: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full or parttime status, age, sex, color, and marital statuscontinued March On fulltime schedules Age, sex, color and marital status Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total 40 hours or less 4 hours or more (Percent distribution) TOTAL Total, 6 years and over 6 to 2 years, 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 years and ove* 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Males, 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 and 9 years 6 and 7 years. 8 and 9 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Females, 6 years and over 6 to 2 years 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, 00, COLOR Total White Male Female Total Nonwhite Male Female MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present. Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married)

36 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 2 6 : P e r s o n s a t w o r k i n n o n f a r m o c c u p a t i o n s b y f u l l o r p a r t t i m e s t a t u s a n d s e x March Occupation group and sex Total at work On part time for On voluntary part time On fulltime schedules 40 hours or less 4 to Ai hours 49 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules (Thousands of persons) TOTAL Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers Sales workers 35,376 0,700 7,586 2,74 4, ,927, ,54,6 30,075 9,288 7,222 0,429 3,35 8,707 5,5 2,852 8,633,68 4,378,392,254, ,990 2,355 3, , 49, , Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 26,65 9,40 3,626 3, , ,533 8,9 2,95 2,427 5,58 5,629 8,33,820 4,287,702 2, ,665,580, Servic e workers Private household Other service workers. 9,327,622 7, , ,202 5, ,230 3, , , MALE Whitecollar workers Professional and technical... Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 8,878 6,69 6,47 3,267 2, , ,453 6,49 6,25 2,872 2,25 8,605 3,382 2,250, , , ,864,82 2, Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers,.. 2,639 9,28 9,53 2, , ,676 8,675 8,684 2,37 2,42 5,450 5,22,74 3,79,657, ,545,568, Service workers Private household Other service workers 3, , , ,424,399 8, FEMALE Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 6,498 4,08,69 9,447, , , ,622 3,40,007 7, ,04 2, ,635 7, , Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 4, , , , , , Service workers Private household Other service workers 6,35,582 4, , ,539 3, ,806 2, ,

37 HOUSEHOLD DATA A26: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status and sexcontinued March Occupation group and sex On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time On fulltime schedules 40 hours or less 4 to 48 hours 49 hours or/nore (Percent distribution) TOTAL Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers II , 7 MALE Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 6 6 3O , 4,.3 7,.3 4.,7 7, Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers , 8. 8,., Service workers Private household Other service workers FEMALE Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers ,4 0., , , Service workers Private household Other service workers ,

38 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 2 7 : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f 4 5 y e a r o l d s b y s e x a n d c o l o r March (In thousands) Total White Nonwhite Employment status Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Civilian noninstitutional population ,795 3,948 3,847 6,70 3,40 3,30, ,34, , , , , , , , , , , , , , _ A 2 8 : E m p l o y e d 4 5 y e a r o l d s b y s e x, m a j o r o c c u p a t i o n g r o u p, a n d c l a s s o f w o r k e r March Thousands of persons Percent distributic Characteristics Both sexes Total CLASS OF WORKER, Nonagricultural industries Wage and salary workers Private household workers Government workers Other wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Agriculture Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Total OCCUPATION, Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors.. Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen

39 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A 2 9 : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f t h e n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e a n d s e x, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) Employment status, age, and sex Sept. Aug. July May Apr. Total Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries On part time for economic reasons.. Usually work full time Usually work part time Unemployed 83,999 80,495 77,767 3,732 74,035, ,728 83,83 80,356 77,729 3,88 73,848, ,627 83,35 9,87b 77,229 3,752 73,477, ,645 82,868 79,368 76,765 3,842 72,923, ,603 82,559 82,403 79,042 78,800 76,388 76,002 3,706 3,525 72,682 72,477,7, ,654 2,798 82,438 78,847 76,000 3,65 72,349, ,847 82,338 78,749 75,973 3,75 72,222, ,776 82,504 78,97 76,020 3,825 72,95, ,897 82,486 82,278 78,99 78,742 76,005 75,932 3,849 3,905 72,56 72,027,854,643, ,94 2,80 8,933 78,427 75,653 3,96 7,737, ,774 82,37 78,645 75,764 3,978 7,786, ,88 Men, 20 years and over Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 49,378 46,297 45,422 2,706 42, ,336 46,280 45,422 2,732 42, ,89,3 45,23 2,680 42, ,32 6,093 45,254 2,763 2, ,926 48,9 45,87 45,782 44,940 44,773 2,753 2,656 42,87 42,7 93,009 48,98 45,863 44,858 2,7 42,47,005 49,023 45,906 44,92 2,784 2, ,983 5,96 4,93 2,848 2,065,003 48,906 45,903 44,86 2,848 42,03,042,746 48,66 45,770 i 45,759 44,787 44,780 2,858 I 2,857 4,929 I 4, j ,635 45,795 44,777 2,886 4,89,08 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 27,89 26, , ,230 26, , ,950 25, , ,737 5, , ,630 26,480 25,702 25, ,08 24, ,394 25, ,825,09 26,26 25, , ,354 25, ,772,03 26,285 26,259 i 25,996 J22 25,3 25,28 I 25,028 '25, I 624 I ,72 24,66 24,404 24, ! 985 Both sexes, 69 years Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 7,009 6, , ,846 6, , ,793 5, , ,538 5, , ,54 5, , ,538 5, , ,590 5, , ,627 5, , ,647 5, , ,73 5, ,43 6,73 5, , ,672 5, , ,738 5, , NOTE: Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series, detail for the household data shown in tables A29 through A35> will not necessarily add to totals.

40 A 3 0 : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s b y c o l o r, s e x, a n d a g e, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Characteristics Jan Dec. Nov. Sept. Aug. July May Apr. WHITE Total: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 7,688 69,494 2,94 4,765 4, ,68 22, ,475 69,376 2,099 4,749 4, ,656 22,879 7,0 68,984 2,7 4,60 40, ,466 22, ,669 68,58 2,088 4,68 40, ,208 22, ,444 70,05of 70,33 68,332 67,899 67,878 2,2 2,5 2,255 4,384 4,282 4,360 40,66 40,474 40, ,230 22,376 22,480 22, ,923 22, ,934 67,700 2,234 4,380 40, ,743 2, ,984 70,034 67,683 67,79 2,30 2,35 4,354 40, ,826 22, ,346 40, ,782 22, ,758 67,536 2,222 4,30 40, ,650 67,479 2,7 4,92 40, ,730 22,59 2,986 2, ,859 67,593 2,266 4,238 40, ,69 2, Both sexes, 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 6,242 5, ,070 5, ,034 5, ,843 5, ,830 5, S792 5, ,850 5, ,8 5, ,804 5, ,906 5, ,898 5, ,867 5, ,930 5, NONWHITE Total: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate,952, ,946 8, ,942 8, ,855 8, ,689 8, ,629 7, ,578 8, ,73 8, ,808 8, ,798 8, ,855 8, ,80 8, ,88 8, Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 4,566 4, ,563 4, ,559 4, ,544 4, ,509 4, ,466 4, ,505 4, ,524 4, ,53 4, ,549 4, ,57 4, ,564 4, ,58 4, Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 3,559 3, ,583 3, ,56 3, ,534 3, ,445 3,424 3,242 3, ,369 3, ,47 3, ,460 3, ,459 3, ,483 3, ,427 3, ,458 3, Both sexes, 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate

41 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A3: M a j o r u n e m p l o y m e n t i n d i c a t o r s, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (Unemployment rates) Selected categories Dec. Sept. Aug. July May Apr. Total (all civilian workers)... Men, 20 years and over.... Women, 20 years and over... Both sexes, 69 years.... White workers.... Nonwhite workers L 6 Married men Fulltime workers, Unemployed 5 weeks and over. State insured^ Labor force time lost?. OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors., Clerical wtrkers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen.. Operatives, Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers.. INDUSTRY Private wage and salary workers^.. Construction Manufacturing. Durable goods. Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government wage and salary workers.. Agricultural wage and salary workers ^Insured unemployment under Stare programs as a percent of average covered employment. ^Manhours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force manhours. 3lncludes mining, not shown separately.

42 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A32: U n e m p l o y e d persons by d u r a t i o n of u n e m p l o y m e n t, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) Duration of unemployment Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. 27 weeks and over, , , , , , , , , , , , , A33: Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Age and sex Jan Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Mar Total, 6 years and over... 6 to 9 years 8 and 9 years 20 td 24 years 25 to 54 years and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years > 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females 6 years and over to 9 years.. 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 25 years and over 55 years and over

43 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A34: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Age and sex Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. 25 years and over TOTAL 77,767 77,729 77,229 76,765 6,7 2,660 3,533 9,222 62,46 48,326 4,6C 6,043 2,570 3,492 9,65 62,552 48,466 4,3 5,999 2,524 3,527 9,026 62,27 48,366 3,973 5,709 2,394 3,364 8,955 62,2 48,27 4,06 76,388 5,746 2,373 3,387 8,94 6,777 47,8 3,93 76,002 76,000 75,973 76,020 76,005 75,932 75,653 75,764 5,734 2,366 3,370 8,827 6,438 47,57 3,846 5,767 2,373 3,374 8,832 6,384 47,55 3,80 5,82 2,396 3,390 8,79 6,385 47,499 3,847 5,766 2,40 3,32 8,840 6,835 47,484 3,822 5,833 2,458 3,363 8,697 6,458 47,57 3,863 5,864 2,426 3,399 8,664 6,40 47,557 3,802 5,845 2,429 3,426 8,658 6,25 47,435 3,723 5,860 2,448 3,453 8,65 6,236 47,546 3,739 MALE 48,99 48,875 48,686 48,579 3,497,608,937 4,923 40,494 3,393 9,27 3,453,557,99 4,887 40,568 3,466 9, 3,455,532,950 4,84 40,407 3,422 9,062 3,325,463,890 4,92 40,356 3,339 9,040 48,235 48,030 48,20 48,203 48,62 48,02 48,073 48,058 48,034 3,295,444,864 4,830 40,09 3,083 9,00 3,257,439,836 4,790 39,978 30,984 8,972 3,262,442,86 4,89 40,042 3,042 8,989 3,282,453,83 4,804 40,35 3,054 9,060 3,249,436,787 4,827 40,077 3,054 9,03 3,24,453,784 4,783 40,078 3,09 9,02 3,286,456,796 4,757 40,08 3,05 8,983 3,278,463,89 4,780 39,986 3,028 8,96 3,257,488,807 4,782 39,990 3,07 8, years and over FEMALE 28,848 28,854 28,543 28,86 28,53 27,972 27,880 27,770 27,858 27,903 27,859 27,595 27,730 2,620,052,596 4,29$ 2,922 6,93: 5,033 2,590,03,573 4,278 2,984 7,000 5,002 2, ,577 4,22 2,80 6,944 4,9 2,384 93,474 4,034 2,765 6,788 4,976 2,45 929,523 4,084 2,686 6,728 4,92 2, ,534 4,037 2,460 6,533 4,874 2,505 93,558 4,03 2,342 6,509 4,82 2, ,577 3,987 2,25C 6,445 4,787 2,57 965,534 4,02 2,306 6,43C 4,80S 2,592,005,579 3,94 2,380 6,498 4,842 2, ,603 3,907 2,383 6,542 4,89 2, ,607 3,878 2,39 6,407 4,762 2, ,646 3,869 2,246 6,475 4,804 A35: Employed persons by major occupation group/ seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Occupation group Sept. Aug. July May Apr. Whitecollar workers Professional and technical, Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers, Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen, Operatives Nonfarm laborers 36,346 0,74 7,855 3,52 4,625 28,220 0,2 4,345 3,664 36,79 0,52 7,773 3,268 4,67 28,395 0,460 4,327 3,608 36,25 0,648 7,855 3,055 4,567 28,5 0,330 4,206 3,65 35,869 0,477 7,83 2,940 4,639 28,05 0,306 4,4 3,63 35,990 0,550 7,892 2,828 4,720 27,622 0,40 3,897 3,585 35,85935,92 0,329 0,40 7,995 7,962 2,899 2,878 4,63e 4,680 27,,596 27,530 0,029 9,945 4,0863,983 3,48 3,602 35,663 0,358 7,824 2,755 4,726 27,538 9,927 3,997 3,64 35,683 0,49 7,729 2,85 4,684 27,459 9,986 3,849 3,624 35,529 0,339 7,637 2,86 4,692 27,586 9,982 3,982 3,622 35,47 0,334 7,663 2,83 4,643 27,48 9,957 3,895 3,566 35,334 0,304 7,682 2,732 4,66 27,394 9,999 3,907 3,488 35,290 0,236 7,79 2,705 4,630 27,377 9,958 3,938 3,48 Service workers Farmers and farm laborers 9,703 3,436 9,605 3,59 9,48 3,4 9,453 3,42 9,445 3,350 9,382 3,4S 9,350 3,360 9,47 3,384 9,332 3,458 9,482 3,487 9,433 3,540 9,26 3,582 9,39 3,640

44 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT Bl: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division 99 to date (In thousands) Year and month Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insur ance, and real estate Government OO..O.. 928o o o ^2 o... 9^ ^9o o i o o * 965 o o 967 o : March... April,,.. May June July August. September Octobar.. November. December. I969: January.. February. March. 27,088 27,350 24,382 25,827 28,394 28,040 28,778 29,89 29,976 30,000 3,339 29,424 26,649 23,628 23,7 25,953 27,053 29,082 3,026 29,209 30,68 32,376 36,554 to, 25 42,452 4,883 40,394 43,88 Mi, 89 43,778 45,222 47,849 48,825 50,232 49,022 50,675 52,408 52,894 5,363 53,33 54,234 54,042 55,596 56,702 58,332 60,832 64,03^ 66,030 68,46 66,73 67,te2 67,724 68,724 68,327 68,508 68,923 69,292 69,585 70,23 68,525 68,7 69,72,33, ,22,0,089,85,4,050,087, , ,02 848,02,85,229,32,446,555,608,606,497,372, ,45,2,055,50,294,790 2,70,567,094,32,66,982 2,69 2,65 2,333 2,603 2,634 2,623 2,62 2,802 2,999 2,923 2,778 2,960 2,885 2,86 2,902 2,963 3,050 3,86 3,275 3,203 3,259 2,967 3,57 3,255 3,387 3,^98 3,553 3,55 3,498 3,374 3,24 3,05 2,98 3,054 0,659 0,658 8,257 9,20 0,300 9,67 9,939 0,56 0,00 9,947 0,702 9,562 8,70 6,93 7,397 8,50 9,069 9,827 0,794 9,440 0,278 0,985 3,92 5,280 7,602 7,328 5,524 4,703 5,545 5,582 4,44 5,24 6,393 6,632 7,549 6,3^ 6,882 7,243 7,74 5,945 6,675 6,796 6,326 6,853 6,995 7,274 8,062 9,24 9,434 9,740 9,447 9,507 9,569 9,897 9,729 9,884 20,023 9,999 20,05 9,990 9,786 9,864 9,952 3,7H 3,998 3,459 3,505 3,882 3,807 3,826 3,942 3,895 3,828 3,96 3,685 3,254 2,86 2,672 2,750 2,786 2,973 3,34 2,863 2,936 3,038 3,274 3,46o 3,647 3,829 3,906 4,o6l 4,66 4,89 4,00 4,034 4,226 4,248 4,290 4,084 4,l4l 4,244 4,24 3,976 4,0 4,004 3,903 3,906 3,903 3,95 4,036 4,5 4,27 4,348 4,276 4,296 4,268 4,375 ^39^ 4,40 4,47 4,4oo 4,4l4 4,409 4,324 4,338 4,390 4,54 4,467 4,589 ^,903 5,290 5,407 5,576 5,784 5,908 5,874 6,23 5,797 5,284 4,683 4,755 5,28 5,43 5,809 6,265 6,79 6,426 6,750 7,20 7,H8 6,982 7,058 7,34 8,376 8,955 9,272 9,264 9,386 9,742 0,004 0,247 0,235 0,535 0,858 0,886 0,750,27,39,337,566,778 2,60 2,76 3,245 3,63 4, 3,658 3,90 3,959 ^,39 4,2 4,4 4,208 4,328 4,56 5,24 4,27 4,24 4,93,684,754,873,82,74,762,862 2,90 2,36 2,489 2,487 2,58 2,606 2,687 2,727 2,739 2,796 2,884 2,893 2,848 2,946 3,004 2,993 3,056 3,04 3,89 3,32 3,437 3,538 3,669 3,58 3,594 3,607 3,690 3,77 3,727 3,73 3,738 3,756 3,766 3,724 3,79 3,733 4,742 4,996 5,338 5,297 5,24 5,296 5,452 6,86 6,595 6,783 6,778 6,868 7,36 7,37 7,520 7,496 7,740 7,974 7,992 7,902 8,82 8,388 8,344 8,5 8,675 8,97 9,404 9,808 0,074 0,442 0,077 0,36 0,352 0,449 0,395 0,44 0,495 0,590 0,805,358 0,493 0,405 io,46o,,75,63,44,90,23,233,305,367,435,509,475,407,34,295,39,335,388,432,425,462,502,549,538,502,476,^97,697,754,829,857,99,99 2,069 2,46 2,234 2,335 2,429 2,477 2,59 2,594 2,669 2,73 2,800 2,877 2,957 3,023 3,00 3,27 3,357 3,288 3,30 3,327 3,365 3,^7 3,430 3,397 3,404 3,42 3,42 3,420 3,439 3,459 2,263 2,362 2,42 2,503 2,684 2,782 2,869 3,046 3,68 3,265 3,440 3,376 3,83 2,93 2,873 3,058 3,42 3,326 3,58 3,473 3,57 3,68 3,92 4,084 4,48 4,63 4,24 4,79 5,050 5,206 5,264 5,382 5,576 5,730 5,867 6,002 6,274 6,536 6,749 6,806 7,30 7,423 7,664 8,028 8,325 8,709 9,087 9,55 0,060 0,504 0,290 0,402 0,488 0,634 0,687 0,675 0,587 0,63 0,648 0,658 0,576 0,665 0,74 2,676 2,603 2,528 2,538 2,607 2,720 2,800 2,846 2,95 2,995 3,065 3,48 3,264 3,225 3,66 3,299 3,48 3,668 3,756 3,883 3,995 4,202 4,660 5,483 6,080 6,043 5,944 5,595 5,474 5,650 5,856 6,026 6,389 6,609 6,645 6,75 6,94 7,277 7,66 7,839 8,083 8,353 8,594 8,890 9,225 9,596 0,09 0^7,66 2,202 2,93 2,24 2,227 2,280,848,762 2,30 2,439 2,522 2,643 2,558 2,672 2, ,340 2,23 2,905 2,928 2,808 2,254,892,863,908,928 2,302 2,420 2,305 2,88 2,87 2,209 2,27 2,9 2,233 2,270 2,279 2,340 2,358 2,348 2,378 2,564 2,79 2,737 2,699 2,72 2,70 2,85 2,844 2,795 2,705 2,694 2,703 2,769 2,735 2,739 2,740 NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 959. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of 22,000 (0. 4 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 959 benchmark month. Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. Digitized for FRASER

45 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry (In thousands) Industry All employees Production workers * TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR MINING METAL MINING Iron ores... Copper ores COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining. 69AT2 56, ,77 56, ,525 55, ,73 5^, ,393 5^, O , , ' 46,279 V , ^4, OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields... Oil and gas field services 28 ^ NONMETALLICMINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel ^ CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 3,054 2,98 3,05 2,967 2,893 2,538 2,469 2,50 2,465 2,39^ GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS ^9.3 HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS.. Highway and street construction. Heavy construction, nee Y ^ SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Roofing and sheet metal work, , IO8, , , , , , I8 85 MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS L9,952,798 L9,864 LI, 732 ',32 9,786,78 8,068 9,447,440 8,007 9,425,^39 7,986 ^,633 8,604 6,029 4,570 8,552 6,08 4,499 8,530 5,969 4,248 8,325 5,923 4,23 8,323 5,908 Durable Goods ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms Complete guided missiles Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee O 3^ LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps & logging contractors.... Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general.... Millwork, plywood & related products... Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates Miscellaneous wood products I ^ , *^ ^ ^ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

46 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued (In thousands) SIC Code Industry All employees Production workers I ,9 Durable GoodsContinued FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures.... Other furniture and fixtures I83.O I V , , , ,3, , , ,8 STONE,CLAY,AND GLASS PRODUCTS... Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown... Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products... Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast 'furnace and basic steel products... Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries. Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating.. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods.. Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings , , , , , , , , O , O O , , I ,0, " , , O , , , , , II , , , O 200.0' See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

47 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued Durable Industry GoodsContinued MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAI Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.., Industrial trucks and tractors Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types..... Special dies, tools, jigs, & fixtures Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers.. Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery.. Misc. machinery, except electrical ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric test & distributing equipment.... Electric measuring instruments... Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus... Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls... Household appliances. Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment... Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment.. Electronic components and accessories... Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies... Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories... Truck trailers Aircraft and parts. Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing 2, , , , i4o.o I96.I o , oo 307.^ , (In thousands) All employees, , ~ , ^ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary., I , *u4 69.I , I Fe"b.,96 IO O o.i ,9 203, 68, 73, 23. 8, , 6, 24, 40, 205, , 0, 44, 522, , 374^ 8, 2, I969, ^ 3 9 i4o.o 00 89, , , O O 6 87, , ' 96 5 II8 Production workers I969, ^ , , , IO I89.O , o.o , , O 77, IO , O H8.3

48 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued SIC Code Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers ^ Durable GoodsContinued , , RANSPORTATION EQUIPMENTContinued Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment.... Other transportation equipment... INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices... Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases ^ ^ ,8,! 393 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies... Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts H5o ^ « Nondurable Goods ,6 2032, FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk.: Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods... Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products... Prepared feeds for animals and fowls.. Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products Confectionery products Beverages. Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES. Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool. Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks. Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills.., _ ,709.^ * ^ I , See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. L, , ^ ^ , ^ , H , * ^ , ^ H 4o.i O 69 4

49 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued (In thousands) SIC Code Industry All employees " Production workers Nondurable Goods"Continued , , ,2, , ,6,7, , ,2 286, ,9 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTSContinue. Textile finishing, except wool.. Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS. Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings. Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear.. Men's and boys' separate trousers.... Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses'blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats.. Women's and misses' outerwear, nee. Women's and children's undergarments.. Women's and children's underwear... Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel... Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.... Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes.... Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes... Sanitary food containers PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers. Periodicals Books.. Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic, Commercial printing, lithographic.... Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.. Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins... Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only.. Other chemical products Explosives... PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining, Other petroleum and coal products.., 8 9 8O.3, I88 227, , , , , II O, I , ^9 22.* , See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary H7 80, , H6 5 35, n4.o II8.3 80, , , IO no 66, oi.o J O , I8O , ,8 25.I , no ,

50 B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT (In thousands) SIC Code Industry All employees Fe"b. Production workers ' ,3, ,3,57, Nondurable GoodsContinued RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products.. Rubber footwear Miscellaneous plastics products, LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS... Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products Luggage. Handbags and personal leather goods A I8i*.i* U ^ A !« TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 4,390 ^338 4,324 4, RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. Class I railroads LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT. Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity highway transportation I.3. * ni*.i l.o H , , , TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing TRANSPORTATION BY AIR Air transportation PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION OTHER TRANSPORTATION AND SERVICES WATER TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION SERVICES COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Telegraph communication* Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems. Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems Water, steam, & sanitary systems, ,030 85O.O *7., ,02 8i*l* I *. 5 *8.0, , I I WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment... Drugs, chemicals, and allied products.... Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment... Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous wholesalers RETAIL TRADE RETAIL GENERAL MERCHANDISE Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores FOOD STORES. Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores 4,93 3,733 0,*60 *, 2* 3, * ,22*. * 0,*05 2,067.,3^9. 6 3,6996,52 l*, 27 3, *8.* I 73,22 0,493 2,5,* 2 325,69,58.3 3,658 3, A 69,86.3 0,077,969,27 307,626,45 3,585 3, ,8 0,03,955, ,62,449 2,62 3,36 9,476 2,539 3, ,02,89, ,586,42 2,642 3, ,02 9,509,978, ,580.3,420 2, 2, ,2,805, ,50,34 2,05 2, ,056,789., * 280.3,50,340 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

51 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B2: Employees on ncnagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE (Continued) APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES... Men's& boys'clothing & furnishings.... Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES Furniture and home furnishings. EATING AND DRINKING PLACES OTHER RETAIL TRADE Building materials and farm equipment.. Automotive dealers & service stations.. Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers.. Gasoline service stations Miscellaneous retail stores Drug stores and proprietary stores... Book and stationery stores Farm and garden supply stores Fuel and ice dealers ,24 3,29 53, ^ 605, o ,226 3, , , ^ ,80.3 3, , , ,4 3, , A75 A ,09 2, ,077. 2, ,03 2, ,999. 2, ^ 5 0 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 4 Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions Security, commodity brokers & services... Insurance carriers Life insurance «. Accident and health insurance. Fire, marine, and casualty insurance... Insurance agents, brokers, and service... Real estate. Subdividers and developers Operative builders 0. Other finance, insurance, & real estate... SERVICES 3,^59 0,74 3,439 3,420 9^ IO ^ ^ ,665 0,576 Hotels and other lodging places O Hotels, tourist courts, and motels Personal services,005,00,006 Laundries and dry cleaning plants 525 Photographic studios Miscellaneous business services 4 Advertising,447,44 Credit reporting and collection 6 Services to buildings 7 7 Miscellaneous repair services Motion pictures 7 70 Motion picture filming & distributing Motion picture theaters and services 58.0 Medical and other health services 2, Hospitals ^ 2,765 Legal services 2,789.0,77.3 Educational services,2, Elementary arid secondary schools 207. Colleges and universities,09,7.3 Miscellaneous services Engineering & architectural services Nonprofit research agencies See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary I , ,0 54,37 H ^ ,58,624 99, , ^ ^ ^ , , , A O 2,566,66 99., ^ O 85 2,7^3 2, ,72 77^ O , ^ , ^

52 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B2: Employees on non^rkultural payrolls, by industryc^ntinu^d SIC Code Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers 92,93 92 GOVERNMENT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 5., Executive Department of Defense., Post Office Department. Other agencies Legislative, Judicial 2,752 2,74o STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 0,02 State government State education Other State government Local government Local education Other local government 2,672 2,739 2,70, ,933 2,499,04,456 7,43 4,36 2,558 2,735 2,699.3 A I 6 9,823 2,475,024,450 7,347. 4,29 3,05 2,93 2,699 2,66, ,494 2,448,006,44 7,044 4,5 2,929 2,36 2,697 2,66, ,439 _ 2, ,4 7,000 4,069 2,90 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; transportation and public utilities; and services. Transportation and public utilities, and services are included in Total Private but are not shown separately in this table. Beginning January 965, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $5,000,000 or more. Data for nonsupervisory workers exclude messengers. 4 Data for nonoffice salesmen excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this division. Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies. Beginning in January, federal employment includes approximately 39,000 civilian technicians of the National Guard who were transferred from State to federal status in accordance with Public Law *Not available. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

53 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT Table B4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 99 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted 95759=00 Year and month Mining Contract Manufacturing construction Transportation and Wholesale and retail trade public Total utilities Finance, insurance, and real estate Total Government 'ederal State and local 920., 92., 922., , , 927., 928., ^ i.o d 8i iJ *.l if ^ 9^ i k ol O I o ^ , I I l I A I 85.I ^ I I O i k o I968: March... April..., May June..., July, August., September October. November. December. : January. February March I O H II lol+.o IO6 IO6.3 IO I ^ I , I U o lol+.o * ^ O HO H II6 H I+ I35oi I O7,J l! O IO NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 959. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of 22,000 (0 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 959 benchmark month. Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

54 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B5: Employees on nonagritultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Industry division and group Dec. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. TOTAL 70,02 69,955 69,620 69,30 68,955 68,70 68,382 68,34 68,70 68,039 67,792 67,755 67,656 MINING 647 6k CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION.,.. 3^28 3,^9 3,380 3,387 3,279 3,285 3,252 3,95 3,89,7^ 3,245 3,33 3,330 MANUFACTURING 20,8 20,054 20,005 9,97^ 87 9,807 9,755 9,776 9,777 9,693 9,657 9,607 DURABLE GOODS,858,8,803, , ,563,69,57,5^5,533,495 Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical... Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ,323,448,997 2,08 2, ^ Q,36,^3,997 2,009 2, ,308,^37,986,996 2, ,302,426,968,980 2,025 ^ ,284,46,985,97 2,020 ^ ,272,40,962,957 2, * ,279,39,957,964 2, ,29,385,953,963 2, ,3**,385,9^,962 2, ,30,386,95,960 2, ^ ,322,376,9^9,963 2, ,320,373,9^9,955 2, ,304,37^,960,957 2, ^33 NONDURABLE GOODS... 8,260 8,243 8,202 8,250 8,20 8,204 8,78 8,85 8,57 8,206 8,48 8,24 8,2 Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather*and leather products, ,^25 72,077, ^9, ^,48 79,077, , ,^32 75,076, , ^,^25 73,07^, ^ 355, ,^9 708,073, , , ,068 i,o4l , , ,063, , ,42 702,067, , ,46 697,064, , ,^33 699,062, , , ,06, , ,^7 692,058, , , ,058, TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 4,448 4,48 ^,390 4,4oo ^,392 ^,365 ^,358 ^,336 4,28 ^,33 ^,332 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 4,503 4,442 4,27 4,326 4,298, ,7 4,086 4,049 4,009 3,999 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 3,786 0,77 3,768 0,705 3,746 0,696 3,725 0,546 3,722 0,604 3,708 0,590 3,695 3,683 0,527 0,498 3,680 3,679 0,437 0,407 3,655 3,64 0,394. 0,368 3,632 0,367 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 3,48 3 3,474 3,462 3,^26 3,387 3,376 3,350 3,335 3,33^ 3,323 3,3H SERVICES Hotels and other lodging places Personal services Medical and other health services' Educational services L0,87 742,06 2,808,080 0,849 0,792 0, ,07 2,795,076,07 2,779, ,022 2,760,072 0, ,023 2,738,064 0,60 723,07 2,79,050 0,545 0,548 75,08 2,693,029 77,09 2,678,029 0,498 0, ,08 2,660,026 77,023 2,649,028 0,425 0,402 77,09 2,625,048 75,09 2,603,046 0,45 729,023 2,585,046 GOVERNMENT >. 2,604 2,550 2,505 2,443 2,322 2,325 2,27 2,270 2,256 2,232 2,34 2,0 2,053 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 2,759 9,845 2,764 9,786 2,760 9,7^5 2,75 9,728 2,696 9,626 2,705 9,620 2,76 9,50 2,75 9,59 2,788 9,468 2,795 9,437 2,72 9,43 2,77 9,37 2,78 9,335 NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

55 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B6: Production workers in industrial and construction activities seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Major industry group Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr TOTAI 8,80 8,204 8,039 8,02 7,82 J,7^2 7,704 7,650 7,686 7,676 7,672 7,733 7,673 MINING , CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 2,907 2,97 2,855 2,869 2,766 2,773 2,739 2,688 2,687 2,670 2,739 2,8 2,824 MANUFACTURING... ^778 ^,738 4,692 4,663 4,568 4,524 4,476 4,474 4,52 4,523 4,449 4,439 4,366 DURABLE GOODS 8,656 8,66 8,6o4 8,535 8,475 8,432 8,40 8,399 8,458 8,424 8,40 8,406 8,37 Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures oo Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries..,059,049,042,038,020,009,02,023,044,042,054,054,038 Fabricated metal products,22,8,,02,093,092,073,066,068,070,060,059,062 Machinery, except electrical,372,369,360,357,337,332,33,322,334,33,332,346 Electrical equipment and supplies,35,344,333,322,3h,302,33,33,308,305,32,30,3h Transportation equipment,433,420,439,427,423,446,439,45,478,438,49,425,429 Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries l NONDURABLE GOODS. 6,22 6,28 6,093 6,092 6,066 6,075 6,054 6,048 6,05 6,22 6,033 Food and Kindred products,203,203,205,88,9,83,87,85,204,85,8 Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products,~ , , Apparel and other textile products,252,248,258,255,252,259,254,245,249,265,256,25,243 Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee ^ Leather and leather products ; For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, data relate to construction workers. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

56 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) ALABAMA.. Birmingham. Huntsville.. Mobile Montgomery. Tuscaloosa. ALASKA State and area o8 5 *) Mining 7 5.^ (l) (l) I Contract construction Febo Manufacturing 308, Febo ARIZONA. Phoenix. Tucson ARKANSAS... Fayetteville Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock. Pine Bluff II II5 2 4 a) »9 25.I CALIFORNIA 6,663. AnaheimSanta AnaGaiden Grove Bakersfield 87. Fresno 07. Los AngelesLong Beach 2,8, OxnardVentura 86. Sacramento 253. San BernardinoRiversideOntario San Diego 35 San FranciscoOakland,24, San Jose 356. Santa Barbara 76, Santa Rosa 44, Stockton 84, VallejoNapa 64, COLORADO , IO8 2, O 349, , , , i * 26 9.O 4o I ,596 24» , , V CONNECTICUT 2. Bridgeport Hartford 2 New Britain?... New Haven 2... Stamford 2 Waterbury 2, O , , ) 3 (3 (3 (3) (3) 8 (3) (3) (3) (3) I DELAWARE 2 Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 2 Washington SMSA 2... Northern Virginia 5 FLORIDA Fort LauderdaleHollywood. Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola TampaSt. Petersburg West Palm Beach GEORGIA. Atlanta , , , , , ,05 225, , j o ^ ^ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

57 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities * 5* i ft ±.0 ll.l * * I * o i ft JL.O * 5 7.* 8 * * *2* * *.O 6 * i ft ±.o , * 8 * 9 5 Wholesale and reta * *,*29 89.I o*.l * * V Q ( *2.* *. 0 *39 5 2* 3.* 8* * * o0 0 * *,44 89.* * 256.* * 0 I65.* V k ( 30 I60* 4 3* * 5 2* ' 38o3 8* * il trade 7 5 2^.3 * * 9 97 * 8.* 2 *.3, *. 5 6 * * O 5o o* * *99 H * Finance, insurance, and real estate *0.* 7.0 * 2.* * * * *o* * 7 * »* * 39 I969 *0 7.0 * * o * * 67.3 * ,9 60.* *. 9.* »5 2.* Services ( ) I 6.3 7, o » c p *3, c0 70 I c p?.^ io4.o » O 7.3, q n p.u , « * k R 4.p »O 8 * 5 27*.* 8 Government o o ,37 6I k c; » , I l l *5 46 *7 *8 * * Digitized for FRASER

58 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area GEORGIA (continued) Augusta Columbus Macon Savannah HAWAII..» Honolulu. IDAHO. Boise o 3 22 o 3 9Q» k I6.k Mining 3 i) O Contract construction "FebT 6 7 7* Manufacturing «6 ILLINOIS Chicago 6 ChicagoNorthwestern Indiana. DavenportRock IslandMoline. Peoria Rockford, ,965 3,7 4,7 2,88 3, , , INDIANA Evansville. Fort Wayne GaryHammondEast Chicago Indianapolis Muncie South Bend Terre Haute...., lu , l4.O , I l l l 6 8! O O 36» IOWA... Cedar Rapids. Des Moines.. Dubuque.... Sioux City... Waterloo i.o o 49 l ( i ij ) ) ) 3 4 l.l KANSAS. Topeka. Wichita I KENTUCKY. Lexington ^ Louisville * I LOUISIANA... Baton Rouge. Lake Charles. Monroe New Orleans. Shreveport.., , , LewistonAuburn Portland MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS Boston Brockton Fall River.. LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford SpringfieldChicopeeHolyoke Worcester , ,76,24 47« o ,224 77,8, I,8 75 2,45,22 47 * ).3 SI ii (i) i) i (i i4.o See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

59 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division.continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities *) *) *) *) I (* (* (* (* ) ( *) Wholesale and reta *) *) *) *) #) , il trade Finance, insurance, and real estate 73 (* (* (* (* , ( ) * « * Services »7 *) *) *) *) *) *) » O S! SI $ Governmen t l Digitized for FRASER

60 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) TOTAL Mining Contract construction vlanufacturing o q MICHIGAN. Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint Kalamazoo MuskegonMuskegon Heights.. MINNESOTA. MinneapolisSt. Paul MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis. 2, , O , , , , I78.O 45" , I, , , , , ( 8! 8 (3). l) l) ) ) ) ) (3). l) l) l) 9 ) I] 5 7 (3) * O , * * * , I 87.O , O7 CO ON O H CM J CM CM CO CO C 33 MONTANA Billings Great Falls * NEBRASKA 2 Omaha 2 NEVADA Las Vegas NEW HAMPSHIRE O I O i 5 8i (3) (3) I I o 4, NEW JERSEY Jersey City Newark PatersonCliftonPassaic Perth Amboy 2 8 2, , , _ ? 43 NEW MEXICO Q ? ) NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy Buffalo Elmira. Nassau and Suffolk Counties 0. New YorkNortheastem New Jersey, New York SMSA 8.. New York City Rockland County UticaRome Westchester County 6, ^737 3, , , , , ,37 4,65 3, fi.n i i i ) ) ) ) ) 78 ( 4. 3«5 0, ) 7 [) r l) (l ( ( [ o ,86 63, *. 5 6 l,74o.l, , ,738, , O ,756, See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

61 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry divisioncontinued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities k I ^ k 484,5 lk k.q ^ k 3k 2o5 k 8 6.k d 67 k k k 479*7 4 k 3 29.O k 2.k k.k 8 6.k k k.q. 20o k ks lk k9%k k 7. k Wholesale and retail trade Qok ^7 20 7»5 8 kk.o 8 l k o , k, k6.q k d l4. 7 ij ^96o , ,34 994' o o9 39 ^ o6 2, , O Fin 04 3» ance, insurance, nd real estate Io , ^ c7 60 3o d <, , 0 Services *3 3« , ,9 9^ O o6 2, ,90 9^ I I ld 29o0 2o o , , Government o I o , * k o2 3 ^ , k 3 29, , * k O k o3 3 ^ 9. 3Q , o o, o Digitized for FRASER

62 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area NORTH CAROLINA Asheville 2 Charlotte 2. GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Poin Raleigh 2, TOTAL, , Mining 89. Contract construction Vlanufacturing NORTH DAKOTA FargoMoorhead OHIO Akron... Canton Cincinnati. Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngs townwarren 3, , , ' , , , OKLAHOMA..... Oklahoma City... Tulsa o\ yo 23 OREGON Eugene Portland Salem *V 25?6?7?R oq ** 33 3't PENNSYLVANIA 2 AllentownBethlehemEaston *... Altoona Erie 2.. Harrisburg Johnstown 2 Lancaster Philadelphia 2 Pittsburgh. Reading 2.. Scranton WilkesBarreHazleton 2 York , , , , , , , , , M 38 RHODE ISLAND ProvidencePawtucketWarwick /id 4 42 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Columbia.. Greenville , C SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls 65 32, TENNESSEE Chattanooga 2 Knoxville 2 Memphis.... Nashville , , l.s C 48. C 57 6.: SO TEXAS Am aril lo. BeaumontPort ArthurOrange... Corpus Christi 3,48 3,46 3, _ _ _ ( 34.e 0.( See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

63 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division.continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities o7 5 ^ 0 57o o l A O Wholes <*> 80 _ ale and retail trade » Finance, insurance, and real estate _ _ Service s , , _ Government _ O t Digitized for FRASER

64 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) TEXAS (continued) Dallas El Paso '... Fort Worth GalvestonTexas City Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls UTAH Salt Lake City. 2* * 70 2* * 7.* Mining Jane Contract construction 9 6.* 32.* * * k 5 28.* Manufacturing 63.* k * 29.3 * 25.* 2 3 * * VERMONT. Burlington Springfield ^ VIRGINIA 4 Lynchburg Newport NewsHampton. NorfolkPortsmouth.... Richmond Roanoke WASHINGTON... SeattleEverett Spokane Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA... Charleston HuntingtonAshland. Wheeling WISCONSIN. Green Bay. Kenosha.. La Crosse Madison.. Milwaukee Racine... WYOMING.. Casper... Cheyenne ,39 * **7 76,08 55*.i 8*.l 'l,* * ,39 * O 22U 6.k,08 55* l,* * *.l *. 5 3,338 * * 26 73*, * 8 00 *9* 8* ** * * 5 9* * 87 *.* * k.o 27 3o0 5 2* 2: *»9 7 8 *.3 * *.O *9.o k 60 2.k 20 * * k * 2 3.* 5*.3 2 *7 * 6.* * * *.* 5 509o * 0 6.* * * 507.* * 9 *3.l * 2.* * * * Combined with services. 2 Series revised to benchmark) not strictly comparable with previously published data. 3 Combined with construction. 4 Federal employment in Maryland and Virginia sectors of the Washington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is included in data for the District of Columbia. 5 Subarea of Washington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 6 Area included in ChicagoNorthwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area. 7 Inital inclusion in this publication. (See area definition on opposite page.) Area included in New YorkNortheastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 0Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Total includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. Services excludes agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. *Not available. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

65 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division.continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities o Wholesale and retail trade O I Finance, insurance, and real estate O Service s « I60.I Febo Government o.i o o I c 8 Q New area definition: Camden, New Jersey Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties. Digitized for FRASER

66 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, 947 to date Year and month Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Total private» Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Manufacturing Av< _, week), earnings Average weekly _ hours Average hourly earnings Durable goods Average weekly earnings Average weekty hours Average hourly earnings Nondurable goods i : March. April. : June.. o July August... September. October... November.. December.. Januaryo. February.. March $ ^ ,8* * no * *0.3 * ^ $, ^ * * $* ^ *7 70.* ^ * * *0.* * *0 +0 *0 *0 39 *0,7 *0.* * *0.* *0 *0 * * *0 *0 *0 39 *0 * *0 *0 * * *0 * *0.* I **0 6 5 l.lh *6 3 I H 2 $ o25 6*3 68.* lM ioi*o ^ *0 *0.* 39A * to. 5 to. 5 * *0. to. 3 * * *0 *0. *0.3 *0 * ** * * * ** to. 3 *0 * * * * * * * * * *0 4 $, ^53 9 I5 5 6 I *3 * $ ^ I ll 78 8O no Hl o.i 4o.o o.i $, ^ I7 7 I * ? Year and month Mining Contract construction Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate l* ^ i : : March April May June... July August... September. October... November.. December.. January... February.. March*... $59^ ^ IO A o.l * * ^ 4* ^ $, ^ $ ^ I 37 37^ ^ ^ $ito to , * ^ $38.07 *00 43 W ^ * o.o *4 $0* * I $4 458 hi ^ ^ 7* ^ Y $, I For coverage of series, see footnote, table NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii bej B2. iginning 959. Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. Digitized for FRASER

67 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry sic Code TOTAL PRIVATE. Industry $5 Average weekly earnings $08 $0.33 $040 $03 Average hourly earnings $7 $5 Q68 $9 96 $ , , ,24,25, ,263 MINING M ETAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining... OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields. Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS. HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS. Highway and street construction Heavy construction, nee SP.ECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning... Painting, paper hanging, decorating... Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering... Roofing and sheetmetal work MANUFACTURING.. DURABLE GOODS.. NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods V ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ IH ^ 59 5^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ A6 4 9 ^ 3.^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^7 9 2 ^ ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms.. Complete guided missiles Ammunition, ere. for small arms, nee ^7 35.^ ^ , ,9 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general. Millwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates.. Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures 32 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. 32 Flat glass 322. Glass and glassware, pressed or blovrn 322 Glass containers 3229 Pressed and blown glass, nee 324 Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products 325 Brick and structural clay tile. 326 Pottery and related products. 327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 328,9 Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products 329 Abrasive products See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the to IO ^ IH no ^ lost recent months are preliminary HO HO IH H8O i23.ll H l H ,

68 C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours TOTAL PRIVATE , , ,24,25, ,263! MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining.. OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction... Heavy construction, n e e SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating.. Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering... Roofing and sheet metal work MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods 4 _ i.o 46 4o.i o * l ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition,' except for small arms.. Complete guided missiles Ammunition, exc* for small arms, nee , , ,9 329 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates... Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture ;... Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee... Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum and plaster products Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products o.o to o.l O 40 4l.o » o.i 4 4l.l _ 3_.O 5 ~* 3_ 5 3_ 3^0 ~ 3 2 3_3 5 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

69 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued sic Code Industry Durable GoodsContinued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings , , ,3, , , , , , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Primary aluminum. Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl»saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products... Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops).. Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products... Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee... Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery... Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.. Industrial trucks and tractors Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs & fixtures.. Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical $ ^ ^ I _ 384 _ 462 _ 480 i29.ll 46 $ ^ ^5 46 3^ V ^ $56 I6OO I63.I8 477 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ $ ^ ^ ^0 35 3^7 HO $ ^ 45 l4ol ^ ^ n4.oo ^ $ ^ ~ L _ $ ^ 9 3.^ ,24 2, ^ * M * ^ $0 8 ^ ^8 5 3.^ H 2 3, ' ^9 7 3*k 9 3 3* 3 0 3*6 3^ $ ^ ^9 7 ^ H 3.^ ^ U $ V *L ^ ^ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

70 C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours Durable GoodsCon tinned , , ,3, , , , , , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces and steel mills, Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing... Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings.. Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware. Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws.... Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products.... Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines. Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee... Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery... Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.. Industrial trucks and tractors..... Metal working machinery.. Machine tools, metal cutting types.... Special dies, tools, jigs, & fixtures... Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical 4 4l o ^ , o 4o.l 4o 4o ,0 4 to o 4 4l 4 40, l.l ^ to o.o 4o. 6 4o l.o ' l.o ko o.o o.l 4l.o o.i l l.o l ^ o.o a o 4 4l 4 4 4o ^ ~ ,0 4~ >.3 3 : /7 k l See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

71 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued Industry Durable GoodsContinued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric test & distributing equipment... M2 283 Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus 297 ^Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances 39 Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment... 6 Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices,. Radio and TV receiving equipment IOI8 Communication equipment 376 Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories.. 04 Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT... Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories... Truck trailers '.. Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment 55 (* $ OO 02 IIO8 7 IIO I6I $ IOO HO I $ IIO III3 IO $ IO $ $4 3.H $ $ $ H INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering & scientific instruments... Mechanical measuring & control devices.. Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches, clocks, and watchcases IO5.O H UllSa MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls & play vehicles... Sporting and athletic goods, nee.. Pens, pencils, office and art supplies.... Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts IOO IO Q Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats... Poultry dressing plants See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

72 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonag ricultu ral payrolls, by industry Continued sic Code Durable Industry GoodsContinued Average weekly hours Fetu Average overtime hours , , , ,9 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES. Electric test & distributing equipment.. Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers.. Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment., Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies... Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories.. Truck trailers Aircraft and parts.. Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts... Other aircraft parts and equipment... Ship and boat building and repairing... Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing. Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment I4 4o i.o ^ l.l 4o.o 39.^ ^ i.o 4o o,7 40 4o.o 4 4o l.o l.o 4o.i to ^ 4 4 to o o.l ^ o i.o l.o to o.o 4o 4o.i o.o 38 4i.o o.3 4 4l.o *K , INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.. Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices. Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls, Optical and ophthalmic goods, Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches, clocks, and watch cases 4o.o 39_ 39 (*_) ^ o.i 39.^ o.o o o.3 4o.o A ,8,9 393 MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.. Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware... Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles.. Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies.. Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts , Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats. Poultry dressing plants 4o.o O 4o.i o.i 39 to See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

73 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricuitural payrolls, by industrycontinued Industry Nondurable GoodsContinued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTSContinued Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts «, Fluid milk, Canned, cured, and frozen foods, Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods.., Canned food, except sea foods, Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products, Flour and other grain mill products..., Prepared feeds for animals and fowls.., Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products. Cookies and crackers. Sugar Confectionery and related products Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars... TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton... Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool. Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks.. Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear. Men's and boys' separate trousers... Men's and boys' work clothing... Women's'and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists. Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats. Women's and misses' outerwear, n e e. Women's and children's undergarments.. Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel... Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings ^ $ Hl IH ^ IOO & $ ^ ^ ^ ^ $ to ^ ^ O ^ ^ IOO $6 6 0 _ $ $ I I $ PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes... Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers' 35.^ ^ HO ^ > See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

74 C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultura! payrolls, by industrycontinued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS SIC Code Industry Nondurable GoodsContinued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours ,6 2032, , , ,2, , FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTSContinued Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured and frozen sea foods. Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables... Grain mill products Flour and other rrain mill product.. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products reread, cake, and related products... Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products... Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills cotton Weaving mills synthetics.. Weaving and finishing mills, v/ool Narrow fabric mills Knittinc mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery^nee. Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and night wear Men's and boys' separate trousers... Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses... Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments. Women's and children's underwear... Corsets and allied garments Hats caps and millinery. Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel.. Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings PAPFP AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes... Sanitary food containers _ 40 4o O O 4 _ ki'o o.o 4o.i QC: 0 3?«^ ^8. o^» J !o Oft Q J U «y o 4o « m l ,3 4 m 40 4o.l l.l * 36 37, »<> j36 u 36.O O l.o l o.i 4o.i o i.o o.l 40 4i.o _ 6 3*5 _ 3* «2 _ 4 3« _ 4 _ * _ _ _ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

75 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued sic Code Industry Nondurable GoodsContinued Q6Q Average weekly earnings IQ6Q IQ6Q Q68 Average hourly earnings Q6Q Q68 27 j ,6,7, , ,2 286, , ,3, ,3,57, PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic... Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee. Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations... Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations. Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals" Fertilizers, complete & mixing only. Other chemical products Explosives PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products... RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, N E C Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Rubber footwear Miscellaneous plastics products 04 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS 862 Leather tanning and finishing 58 Footwear, except rubber 8 Other leather products 89 Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods., TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: $3976 3A7 l44.l4 076 I4o.i4 i4i.o $ H $ l4o.l $ II IOO9 855 IH $ ± IOO3 85O $ _3O $ *2? $ $ RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads 2, LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation II , TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION IOI3 60 3, , COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees3.. Line construction employees 4 Telegraph communication Radio and television broadcasting H H60 i H See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

76 C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry.continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Nondurable GoodsContinued Average weekly hours J?'eb. Average overtime hours ,6,7, , ,2 286, , , 3, ,3,57, PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic... Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.. Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee... Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only.. Other chemical products Explosives PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC.. Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Rubber footwear Miscellaneous plastics products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS. Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods l.O to. 3 to to.i to to to. 3 to.o 4o.o.* to.o to ^ * 40 ^ O 35* to to to.o to. 5 to ^ * TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads , LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION u to COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees 3. Line construction employees 4... Telegraph communication' Radio and television broadcasting... 4o.i o.o See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

77 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES~Co»*miie</ ' 4947 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems... Water, steam, & sanitary systems $ $ * $ $ $ ^9 3 $ $ ,55, ,2 553, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment. Drugs, chemicals, and allied products.. Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies... Miscellaneous wholesalers RETAIL TRADE... Retail general merchandise Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores Food <stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores.. Apparel and accessory stores Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings. Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores.. Furniture and home furnishings Eating and drinking places Other retail trade Building materials and farm equipment Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers. Drug stores and proprietary stores. Book and stationery stores...'. Fuel and ice dealers FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 7 Banking Credit agencies other than banks... Savings and loan associations... Security, commodity brokers & services Insurance carriers Life insurance < Accident and health insurance... Fire, marine, and casualty insurance.. SERVICES: Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels... Personal Services: Laundries and dry cleaning plants... Photographic studios Motion pictures: Motion picture filming & distributing. $ o ^ l ^ * ^ k 73.^ ^ 9^.35 00, , IH ^ ^ ^ Ii7.ll ^ 89^ $ A l I n 4 I I o H 3.H I I3 4 3 NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

78 C2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Average weekly hours I969 Average overtime hours TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC \JT\UJ\ESContinued ELECTRIC. GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems.. Water, steam & sanitary systems 4 4l 4o i.o ,55, ,2 553, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment. Drugs, chemicals, and allied products... Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies. Miscellaneous wholesalers RET AIL TRAD E Retail general merchandise Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores Food stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores... Apparel and accessory stores Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings. Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores.. Furniture and home furnishings Eating and drinking places 6 Other retail trade.. Building materials and farm equipment Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers. Drug stores and proprietary stores... Book and stationery stores Fuel and ice dealers FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE? Banking, Credit agencies other than banks, Savings and loan associations Security, commodity brokers & services Insurance carriers Life insurance Accident and health insurance. Fire,marine, and casualty insurance. SERVICES: Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels.. Personal Services: Laundries & dry cleaning plants Photographic studios Motion pictures: Motion picture filming & distributing o ^ o.o 4o 4l U o.i 4o o O For coverage of series, see footnote, table B2. 2 Beginning January 965, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $5,000,000 or more. September ; $5. 44, $3. 53, and October : $55. 75, $3. 50, and Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and paystation attendants. In 966, such employees made up 33 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 966, such employees made up 33 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers. 6 Money payments only; tips, not included. 7 Data for nonoffice salesmen excluded from all series in this division. Not available. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

79 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (965=00): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (965=00): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average.overtime hours... Indexes (965=00): Average weekly earnings... Average hourly earnings... Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (965=00): Average weekly earnings... Average hourly earnings... C3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government 2, ,3 4072" (Employment in thousandsincludes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees) Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. 2, , , *09 4o.o H , H9.3 r, o_24.i 4o.i 4 6 7H *2 2, , EXECUTIVE BRANCH 5,097.0, ; 2, , DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE,59 40^5 07 IO8,46 40^ 09 0 POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT OTHER AGENCIES IO , ,096 4»e^ , ,09 39V? n4.i 2, H4.li 2, ,66 39 IO9,09 4o.o 08 lll.o NOTE: Averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by the U.S. Civil Service Commission from all agencies of the executive branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wageboard employees'. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers, both supervisory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in table C2 which relate only to production or nonsupervisory workers. C4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry MANUFACTURING. DURABLE GOODS. Major industry group Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies.... Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. NONDURABLE GOODS. Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing. Chemicals and allied products..,. Petroleum and coal products... Rubber and plastics products, nee. Leather and leather products $0 8 _ 4 _ $ (2) Average hourly earnings excluding overtime* jyiar» ^Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf. ^Not available as average overtime rates are significantly above time and onehalf. Inclusion of data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. $ *53 3* (2) $ (2) $3 0 3.H (2)

80 TOTAL PRIVATE: Current dollars dollars... MINING: Current dollars dollars... ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers Industry on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and dollars Gross average weekly earnings $ $ $ Worker with no dependents I969 $ $ Spendable average weekly earnings $ Worker with three dependents $ $ $ CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION: Current dollars dollars III6 MANUFACTURING: Current dollars dollars WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: Current dollars dollars ^ FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Current dollars dollars OO For coverage of series, see footnote, table B2. NOTE: Beginning April * data reflect the income tax surcharge imposed by the Revenue and Exepnditure Control Act of. Data for the current month are preliminary. TOTAL MINING C6: Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities Industry CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING =00 8O 98 Manhours 8 99 II ^.3 5 DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee.. Leather and leather products II I6O O Payrolls " O MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING For m NOTE: Data for the 2 r 2 prelim i6o.q

81 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS C7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted Industry Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. I968 TOTAL PRIVATE MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION O MANUFACTURING Oicrtimr'hours. 4o 4o.i 4o , DURABLE GOODS. Orrrtimr hours. Ordnance and accessories 4 4o o.i , Lumber and wood products o.o o.l Furniture and fixtures ; 4O.Ij lt o.o Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products l 4 4o Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment. Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries o o o 39 4i.o NONDURABLE GOODS. Overtime hours o.i o.o Food and kindred products l.l 40 4o Tobacco manufactures O 3 Textile mill products 40 4o.i Apparel and other textile products O Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products , Rubber and plastics products, n e c Leather and leather products, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE o.o o.o o.i o.i FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE For coverage of series, see footnote, table B NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are 2. preliminary.

82 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C8: Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours in industrial and construction activities seasonally adjusted 95759=00 Industry Dec. Nov. Oct. Sept. Aug. July May Apr. TOTAL n4 5 n4.o n MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING H II DURABLE GOODS Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries ike.k O A ^ * lll.o A H ^ ^ NONDURABLE GOODS IO8 0. Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products... Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather and leather products IO H H IO 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, data relate to construction workers. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

83 SPECIAL SERIES SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 967: st quarter 2d quarter 3d quarter 4th quarter Annual average.. : st quarter 2d quarter 3d quarter 4th quarter Annual average.. 967: st quarter 2d quarter 3d quarter 4th quarter Year and quarter C9: Output per manhour, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs, private economy, seasonally adjusted (Indexes = 00) Private Output Private nonfarm Private Output per manhour mfarm Compensation per manhour ivate Private nonfarm Percent change from previous quarter Real compensation per manhour 2 Private Private nonfarm Unit labor costs Private Private nonfarm : st quarter 2d quarter 3d quarter 4th quarter Annual percent change 4 : Year ending : st quarter 2d quarter 3d quarter 4th quarter Wages and salaries of employees plus employers' ontributioi r social insurance and private benefit plans. Also i eludes e i estimate of wage; selfemployed. Compensation per manhour adj usted for changes in the co price index. Percent change based on aggregates. 4 Average for 2 months ending with quarter, divided by average for preceding 2 months. Source: Output data from the Office of Business Economics, U.S. Department of Commerce. Manhours and compensation of all pers thods for Surveys and Studies Chapter 22. Output Per ManHour Measures, Private Economy. salaries, and supplementary payments for the of Labor Statistics. See BLS Handbook of

84 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C0: Gross hours and earnings off production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas State and area Average weekly earnings Aver a e weekly hours Average hourly earnings! ALABAMA Mobile * $ $ $ $4 4 8 $4 5 6 $3 0 7 ALASKA <*) ARIZONA ARKANSAS Fort Smith Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA Stockton VallejoNapa , COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE.., DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA : Washington SMSA FLORIDA Fort LauderdaleHollywood Jacksonville^ Miami ' GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO <*) <*> <*) See footnotes at end of table. MOTS: Data for the current month are preliminary.

85 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C0: 8 Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areascontinued ILLINOIS (continued) Peoria Rockford State and area <*) ingi F<eb. $42 35 weekly hours 40 4 Average hourly earninia $7 3 INDIANA ' Indianapolis $45 $ $5 $ IOWA Cedar Rapids. Des Moines.. Dubuque Sioux City... Waterloo KANSAS. Topeka. Wichita , KENTUCKY. Louisville , LOUISIANA.., Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Shreveport.., o o , MAINE LewistonAuburn Portland MARYLAND Baltimore MASSACHUSETTS Boston < Brockton Fall River LawrenceHaverhill Lowell, New Bedford, Springfie ldchi c ope eho ly oke Worcester MICHIGAN Ann Arbor... Battle Creek. Bay City Detroit Flint Grand Rapids. Jackson Kalamazoo,. Lansing MuskegonMuskegon Heights. Saginaw Q , * MINNESOTA DuluthSuperior MinneapolisSt. Paul MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI Ka ns as City. St. Joseph St. Louis ^ MONTANA NEBRASKA Omaha See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

86 C0: ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and darnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areascontinued NEVADA. State and area Average weekly earnings $58 $557 $46 39 e weekly hours Average hourly earnings $0 $7 $8 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Manchester NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Camden 2 jersey City 3, Newark 3 PatersonCliftonPassaic 3 Perth Amboy 3, Trenton NEW MEXICO Albuquerque NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County * Nassau and Suffolk Counties 5... New YorkNortheastern New Jersey New York SMSA 3 New York City 5 Rochester. Rockland County 5 Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 5 32o , NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point. Raleigh NORTH DAKOTA. FargoMoorhead OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo YoungstownWarren * OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City. Tulsa OREGON Eugene Portland PENNSYLVANIA AllentownBethlehemEaston. Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton WilkesBarreHazleton.... York See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current aonth are preliminary

87 ESTABLISHMENT DATA?o STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C0: Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areascontinued State and area RHODE ISLAND, ProvidencePawtucketWarwick weakly earnings $ $09 05 Averai?6? hours 4 40 Average hourly earnings $2 5 $ 3 $9 0 SOUTH CAROLINA. Charleston Greenville SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls TENNESSEE. Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis.. Nashville.. <*) <*) <*) <*) (*> <*> TEXAS' Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort ArthurOrange.. Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort Worth GalvestonTexas City Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls UTAH Salt Lake Cityl VERMONT. Burlington. Springfield VIRGINIA Lynchburg NorfolkPortsmouth. Richmond... Roanoke o o o WASHINGTON. SeattleEverett Spokane... Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA Charleston HuntingtonAshland. Wheeling WISCONSIN. Green Bay. Kenosha.. La Crosse. Madison.. Milwaukee. Racine , , WYOMING Casper^ » * Revised series; not necessarily comparable with previously published data. 2 Initial inclusion in this publication. 3 Area included in New YorkNortheastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 4 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area, ^ubarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. *Not Available. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

88 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing 958 to date _LJ: k.o k k.3 k k (Per 00 employees) Apr. May June Aug. Sept. Dec k 3; k.o 35 k.o k 39 3k k.o k.o k 39 k 39 k.3 k k Total accessions k k.k 39 k.k k k.3 k.k k.3 4 k k 5 k k.q 5.* 6.k 5 5 k.q k k.q k.q 55 5o7 k.o k.o k k k 3 3iO 33 l.k 2.k l.l 2.k 37 2.k 2.k k 2.k 2.k k.q 35 k.o k.3 k k.o l.k Total separations 3.k 39 k.o k.o k.o k.3 k.k k.3 35 k.o li ft Quits l.l 35 Layoffs 9 36 * Beg inning with January 959, transfers between establishments of the same firm are included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items are not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, the rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 959. This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary.

89 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D2: Labor turnover rates, by industry SIC Code Industry (Per 00 employees) Total Accession races Avg, Avg, Total Separation rates Quits Layoffs Avg, Avg. Avg. MANUFACTURING. k k k 0 9,24,25, ,263 DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS.. k.k k.q k.3 k k k.3 k Durable Goods 9 92 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms... k.o ' ,2 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Mill work, plywood & related products Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates Miscellaneous wood products " 5k k.k k.3 k.k k.3 k.k k.k k.q k k k k.q k k.k ' ' 6.k 6.k k k.o k k 4^ FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture v Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture k k k 55 k k 5*9 k k k 33 Ik STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile.... Pottery and related products Abrasive products 33 60O 4 k.k k k.q k.k k k k.3 k k.o k k k.o 5 6 k.k 2. 3o2 *. 4 2,8 l.j , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing, and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products Iron and steel forgings ' 5 6.k k.k k k k 2o5 7 k.k k.k k k.3 2.k 5 6 k.q k.q k.q 4. 3h 5 5 k " l.; 7 l.k l.k,see footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

90 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D2: Labor turnover rates, by industrycontinued Industry Durable GoodsContinued FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods.. Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Architectural and misc. metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers.. Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery., ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES. Electric test & distributing equipment Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus... Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment... Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment.. Electronic components and accessories.... Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies Engine electrical equipment (Per 00 employees) k.3 5 ^ 7 3«2 39 3>k k 3.^ *3 ^ 4 k 5 IS Total Accession rates Avg. I k A 5 8 k.s k 5 5 * U k k.o k k.3 k k<9 6.3 ^7 6 2.k 2.k k 5 2.k 5 6 k.q k 5 56 k.k * k k k.k 3.k k 5 5 k 5 34 k 5 k 2*3 k.o 2.k 2.k k.3 k.o ^ 9 2.k k 2.k k 5 5 k.k 3*k 5 k.k 2.k k 3.k 34 k k.k k.3 Avg, k 3.^ k k.q k k k.k 2.k 2.k 2.k 2o3 3.k 2a 3 2.k k.3 *3 3»7 3.k Avg, I969 I968 k k.k k k.q *3 k.q 5 k.o 2o k 2.k 2.k. 3.* 3.k 3.k 3.k k k 3.k 3.k 3 52 k 5 5.k 5 6 k.3 5 2*9 3.k 3.k 2o3 k.o k.o 3»2 k.o 3A 5 k 57 k 606 k k k 3»5 6 li k.q k.q k 0 Q 5 55 k 3.k 5 k' 2«9 2.k k.o 33 3k 3.k 5 k.k 2o5 k.k 6 k Separation rates Quits Avg«2o3 *5 *9 3.^ 5, ; 3 3*0 5 2o9 3 9 *7 * Layoffs 0.3. l. # 6 (if. «7. \k.3 a? * *k '..3.. (2) ' (2), See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

91 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D2: Labor turnover rates, by industrycontinued (Per 00 employees) ' Total Accession rates Avg. Avg, Total Avg, Separation rates Quits Layoffs Avg. Avg. Durable GoodsContinued TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine.parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment ft k.k k 5 k ( s( l.k k 2, k' k l.. 7.'.' 5 8! l.i 6 5 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and 6phthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases k 3 k.o 2.k l 3 CD < :. MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, n e e Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries La 5 7. k k k.o k'.l ! * k < 3.: 2.; 4 5.: 2.k Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Poultry dressing plants Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Confectionery and related products Confectionery products % Beverages Malt liquors TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars k.k k.k k.o 6 7o k.o k.o k k.k *2 3» ' k\ \. 2.i 3.* 3.S,k.; (2) 2.C, See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

92 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D2: Labor turnover rates, by industrycontinued Industry (Per 00 employees) Accession rates New hires Avg. Febo Avg, Separation rates Quits Avg. Layoffs Avg. Durable GoodsContinued TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mill s Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods k.o k k k.o 7 k.q ^7 k * 5 k.q k.3 k.o 5o o5 k.q k.o 4ol k.k k.k 3o5 34 k.3 k.o k.o k.k k.3 k.o 5 k k.q k k k.o k.q k.k k.o k.o ^o3 k 606 k.k k 5 k.q k.q 50 k.o 50 l.k k %k ^5. 0 APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats '. Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments k k 4 k.q 6 5*5 k.k k.k k.3 k , k.o k k.k k * I! 2 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes... Folding and setup paperboard boxes, Corrugated and solid fiber boxes... 2.k k k k.q k 2.k 4 5o k.3 5 k k k k.o k 5 32 k k.q k.q k.o k.k 5 6.k k l.o ' PRINTING AND PUBLISHING. 2.k CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations. Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods. Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Other chemical products 50 2.k k 2.k k 6.k l.k 7 o9 2.k k.k 30 l.k 34 k.k i." (2) PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS. Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products. k l.k k.q 2.k 7 k.k 7 4 *k RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, N E C. Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products... Miscellaneous plastics products k k.3 5 k.3 l.k k ! 9,See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

93 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D2: Labor turnover rates, by industrycontinued SIC Code Industry (Per 00 employees) Total Accession rates Avg. New hires Avg. Total I969 Avg. Separation rates Quits Jan* Avg. Layoffs Avg. 3 3H 34 Nondurable GoodsContinued LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing... Footwear, except rubber k 35 if. h 6 :3.'7 5 5^6 6 5 NONMANUFACTURING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores *. 5 k.q 2^ 2.k. ; r 2.k.3. 3.,2 2 COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining.....k COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication Telegraph communication 3 (l) (l) 2*.k Not available. 3 Less than Data relate to all employees except messengers. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

94 97 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER D3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 958 to date seasonally adjusted (Per 00 employees) Yew Apr. May Jui July Aug. Sept. Total accessions i * 38 )l O 37 5 ii i 4.JL * » k I960, h.3 3.* 35 New hires Total separations 3»5 3* , 959 X < i960.., 96.., 962.., , ijf:: 0., * k ! l Quits I , , ,.. l.l l.l l.l l.l l.l I Layoffs 9 l.l ^Beginning with January 939, transfers between establishments of the same firm are included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items are not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, the rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 959. This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary.

95 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas ALABAMA: Birmingham Mobile.. ALASKA. ARIZONA. Phoenix. State and area ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock. Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA Los AngelesLong Beach COLORADO Denver, k 9. 9k 6.k k (Per 00 employees) Accession rates Total New hires Dec. Dec k k k.o k l.k 5 6 * 060 * 0 Total Dec k.3 3K Separation rates Quits Dec. I960 k * 7.3 Layoffs Dec. i*.i. CONNECTICUT. Hartford 33.* DELAWARE Wilmington ^ * * l.k l.k '.k DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMS A FLORIDA Fort LauderdaleHollywood. Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola TampaSt. Petersburg.... West Palm Beach GEORGIA. Atlanta k.3 k 8.0 * ll.l l.l* 53 0 k.k k * k 53 l*.l k.k k 5 * 58 K.3 k.k k.k 3.k 7 l* 5. l*.i* 6 * i*.l * (2) 3.. HAWAII 4 k.o IDAHO 5. ILLINOIS: Chicago. 55 k.k k * 5 Indianapolis 6 39 *.* IOWA Cedar Rapids. Des Moines.. KANSAS. Topeka. Wichita. KENTUCKY. Louisville. 37 () k * * * 3k 3.Q * 7 9 * LOUISIANA: New Orleans 7 k.o * MAINE... Portland. MARYLAND Baltimore. 5 k.k 5 25 k.k l.l l.l.3 9 l«3 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

96 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER 04: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areascontinued MASSACHUSETTS Boston MICHIGAN Detroit State and area MINNESOTA DuluthSuperior... MinneapolisSt. Paul MISSISSIPPI: Jackson Q6Q k 6.3 (Per 00 employees) Accession rates Dec k 2.k k.k k 8 k.k?g6 Separation rates Layoffs ok MISSOURI Kansas City St. Louis MONTANA 5 NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE k k M k.k k 3k k.k k.q k.o k.k 5 k k.o 9 NEW JERSEY: Jersey City Newark PatersonCliftonPassaic Perth Amboy Trenton 5 3.* 2.k k.q l.k l.l l.k Io5.k NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Eltnira Monroe County 8 Nassau and Suffolk Counties 9 New York SMSA New York City 9 Rochester Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 9 NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point NORTH DAKOTA FargoMoorhead 5 2.k k 2.k k 50 2.k 35 l.k k.q 5 ^ 5 k k ^9 7.0 k.3 k 3.^ 5 5 l.k + l.k l.k 5 l.l.3 OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo YoungstownWarren 3 k.o 2.k k.q k 39 9 ' 9 OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma City Tulsa 0 OREGON Portland See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. h 5 k.k k k k.o 6.k 5 k 2o6 06

97 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areascontinued State and area PENNSYLVANIA: AllentownBethlehemEaston.. Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton WilkesBarreHazleton York RHODE ISLAND ProvidencePawtucketWarwick k.3 k.k k k.k k 5 k.k 6 (Per 00 employees) Accession rates Deco k Dec. 068 Dec k 3k 6.k k Separation rates l.k 9 * Dec. 068 l.k.k Layoffs Dec SOUTH CAROLINA: Greenville SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls k k k.i. TENNESSEE: Memphis k.i TEXAS Dallas Fort Worth.. Houston San Antonio UTAH 5 Salt Lake City 5 VERMONT Burlington Springfield VIRGINIA Richmond {*> k.3 ( ) k k.i. *) *) "l l.k l.k ,k.k 5. WASHINGTON: SeattleEverett. k.i l.k WEST VIRGINIA: Charleston.... WISCONSIN. Milwaukee. WYOMING 5 k k 6 k 3.^ 5 k k.i k.i k Excludes canning and preserving. 2 Less than Excludes agricultural chemicals and miscellaneous manufacturing. Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams and jellies. 5 Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar. 6 Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers. 7 Excludes printing and publishing. 8 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 9 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 0 Excludes newhire rate for transportaion equipment. Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing. * Not available. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

98 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA El: Insured unemployment under State programs State (Week including the 2th of the month) 969 Number (in thousands) change to from Rate (percent of average covered employment) TOTAL". SEASONALLY AOJUSTED. 34 L057.0 ', , 4 2.0, 8 I55i Alabama. Alaska.. Arizona.. Arkansas. California*.. Colorado... Connecticut. Delaware... District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho.. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa... Kansas.. Kentucky. Louisiana Maine... Maryland... Massachusetts Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi Missouri.. Montana.. Nebraska.. Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey... New Mexico... New York.... North Carolina North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania.. Puerto Rico.?. Rhode Island. South Carolina South Dakota. Tennessee... Texas Utah Vermont..., Virginia Washington... West Virginia. Wisconsin... Wyoming..., A Based on unrounded data; changes of less than 50 not shown. "include data under the program for Puerto Rico's sugarcane workers. as comparable covered employment data are not yet available Rates exclude the sugarcane workers "Excludes insured unemployment under extended duration provisions of regular State laws. Revised f>l O 69 8

99 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA E2: Insured unemployment in 50 major labor areas 2 (In thousands, for week including the 2th of the month) State and area State and area State and area ALABAMA Birmingham ARIZONA Phoenix... ARKANSAS Little Rock. CALIFORNIA* AnaheimS. Ana Garden Grove. Fresno Los Angeles Sacramento San Bernardino.. San Diego San Francisco.. San Jose Stockton COLORADO Denver CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven Stamford Waterbury DELAWARE Wilmington DIST. OF COL. Washington FLORIDA Jacksonville. Miami Tampa, INDIANA Evansville Ft. Wayne GaryHammond.. Indianapolis South Bend Terre Haute IOWA Cedar Rapids.. Des Moines... KANSAS Wichita KENTUCKY Louisville LOUISIANA Baton Rouge.. New Orleans. Shreveport MAINE Portland. MARYLAND Baltimore MASSACHUSETTS Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence Lowell New Bedford... Springfield Worcester MICHIGAN Battle Creek. Detroit Flint, Grand Rapids Kalamazoo..., Lansing, Muskegon... Saginaw NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City Newark New Brunswick. Paterson Trenton NEW MEXICO Albuquerque NEW YORK Albany Binghamton Buffalo New York Rochester Syracuse Utica NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte Durham Greensboro WinstonSalem. OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Hamilton, Lorain, Steubenville... Toledo, Youngs town..., OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City. Tulsa.' Pennsylvaniacontinued York PUERTO RICO * Mayaguez Ponce San Juan RHODE ISLAND Providence SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Greenville TENNESSEE Chattanooga... Knoxville, Memphis, Nashville, TEXAS Austin Beaumont, Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Ft. Worth Houston San Antonio... UTAH Salt Lake City VIRGINIA Hampton, Norfolk Richmond, Roanoke, GEORGIA Atlanta Augusta, Columbus... Macon, Savannah HAWAII Honolulu ILLINOIS Chicago Davenport Peoria Rockford 2 6 :7 2 8 MINNESOTA Duluth Minneapolis. MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City. St. Louis NEBRASKA Omaha OREGON Portland. PENNSYLVANIA Allentown Altoona Erie Harris burg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia... Pittsburgh Reading Scranton WilkesBarre WASHINGTON Seattle Spokane, Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington Wheeling WISCONSIN Kenosha Madison Milwaukee Racine Insured jobless under State, Federal Employee, and ExServicemen's unemployment insurance programs. 2 Por full name of labor area, see Area Trends in Employment and Unemployment published by the Bureau of Employment Security. Excludes insured unemployed under extended duration provisions of regular State laws.

100 QUARTERLY AVERAGE TABLES CONTENTS Page Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age and sex, seasonally adjusted,.. y 04 2: Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted.. #, 05 3: Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted : Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted : Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted. ####. 07 6: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted ####.,..., 08 7: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted 08 03

101 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f t h e n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e a n d s e x, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Employment status, age, and sex st 3rd 2nd st 4 th 3rd 2nd st 4 th 3rd 2nd st Total Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries On part time for economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Unemployed 83,727 82,60 80,242 79,070 77,575 76,385 3,788 3,69 73,787 72,694,68, ,667 2,685 82,427 78,838 75,997 3,742 72,255, ,84 82,23 78,695 75,863 3,890 7,973, ,832 8,840 78,366 75,497 4,005 7,492, ,c 8,68 78,5 75,089 3,939 7,50,889, ,062 8,096 77,64 74,64 3,848 70,766,99, ,027 80,289 80,236 76,839 76,823 73,87 73,959 3,753 3,873 70,8 70,086,843,986,056, ,968 2,864 79,788 76,458 73,637 3,899 69,738, ,82 79,4 75,933 73,053 3,925 69,28, ,880 78,509 75,458 72,57 4,028 68,543, ,887 78,089 75,60 72,278 4,095 68,83, ,882 Men, 20 years and over Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 49,30 48,990 46,236 45,95 45,358 44,989 2,706 2,724 42,652 42, ,996 45,895 44,897 2,78 42, ,77 45,80 44,809 2,854 4,955,00 48,574 45,782 44,745 2,9 4,834,037 48,428 45,657 44,588 2,867 4,72,069 48,282 5,479 44,420 2,84 4,606,059 48,06 45,69 44,069 2,78 4,288,00 47,985 45,27 44,0 2,829 4,272,026 47,670 44,860 43,788 2,837 40,95,072 47,429 44,742 43,63 2,862 40,769, 47,364 44,77 43,669 2,924 40,745,02 47,253 44,742 43,572 2,958 40,64,70 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 27,23 26,65 26,64 25, ,477 25, ,32 25, ,752,003 26,79 25, , ,99 24, ,320,00 26,02 24, ,309,6 25,670 24, ,94,2 25,02 25,056 24,060 24, ,476 23,38,042,043 24,969 24, , ,552 24,96 23,62823, ,965 22, ,023 23, , Both sexes, 69 years Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 6,883 6, , ,540 5, , ,622 5, , ,706 5, , ,593 5, , ,392 5, , ,492 5, , ,568 5, , ,640 5, , ,629 5, , ,639 5, , ,49 5, , ,395 5, ,64 87 NOTE: Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series, detail for the household data shown in tables through 7 will not necessarily add to totals.

102 2: E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s by c o l o r, s e x, a n d a g e, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d Quarterly Averages (In thousands) HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES Characteristics st 4th 3rd 2nd st 967 4th 3rd 2nd 4th 3rd 966 WHITE Total: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rat? Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 7,42 70,388 69,285 68,27 2,37 2,7 4,705 40, ,428 40, ,60 23,38 22,833 22, ,06 67,753 2,263 4,365 40, ,830 22, ,83 67,578 2,235 4,222 40, ,70 2, ,668 67,403 2,265 4,250 40, ,593 2, ,432 67,034 2,398 hi,78 ^, ,640 2, ,95 66,526 2,389 40,963 40, ,265 2, ,70 65,850 2,320 40,645 39, ,749 20, ,30 66,052 2,249 40,630 39, ,735 20, ,936 65,734 2,202 40,376 39, ,635 20, ,307 65,087 2,220 40,243 39, ,27 20, ,983 64,709 2,274 40,322 39, ,903 20, ,77 64,488 2,283 40,297 39, ,757 20, Both sexes, 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 6,5 5, ,822 5, ,82 5, ,890 5, ,825 5, ,64 4, ,687 5, ,776 5, ,936 5, ,925 5, ,847 5, ,758 5, ,77 5, NONWHITE Total: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 8,947 8, ,724 8, ,706, ,88 8, ,782 8,8 60 6,727, ,634, ,624 7, ,64 8, ,538 7, ,534 7, ,440 7, ,473 7, Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 4,563 4, ,507 4, ,520 4, ,56 4, ,548 4, ,492 4,30 9 4,509 4, ,503 4, % 4,504 4, ,492 4, ,483 4, ,426 4, ,473 4, Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 3,568 3, ,467 3, ,46 3, ,456 3, ,442 3, ,444 3, ,349 3, ,338 3, ,37 3, ,322 3, ,299 3, ,295 3, ,288 3, Both sexes, 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate. >

103 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES 3: M a j o r u n e m p l o y m e n t indicators, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d Quarterly Averages (Unemployment rates) Selected categories st 4th 3rd 2nd st 4th 3rd 2nd st 4th 3rd 2nd st Total fall civilian workers) White workers Unemployed 5 weeks and over.* State insured* Labor force time lost^ Q OCCUPATION Managers, officials, and proprietors i J! i i Service workers Farm workers.. INDUSTRY Private wage and salary workers3.... Construction Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government wage and salary workers Agricultural wage and salary workers ^Insured unemployment under Stare Programs as a percent of average covered employment. 2.Manhours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force manhours. ^Includes mining, not shown separately.

104 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES 4: U n e m p l o y e d persons by d u r a t i o n of u n e m p l o y m e n t, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Duration of unemployment 3rd 2nd 4 th 3rd 2nd st 4 th. 3rd 2nd Less than 5 weeks... 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over..., , , , , , , , , , , , , : Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages Age and sex 4th 3rd 2nd st 4 th 3rd st 4 th 3rd 2nd st Total, 6 years and over. 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Males, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 6 years and over.. 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years. 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over ,3 9 4 L

105 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES 6: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Age and sex 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over TOTAL st 77,575 76,385 6,053 5,730 2,585 2,378 3,57 3,373 9,38 8,899 62,395 6,779 48,386 47,89 4,082 3,93 4 th 3rd 2nd st 75,997 5,782 2,390 3,36 8,820 6,384 47,5 3,827 4 th 3rd 2nd 4 th 3rd 2nd st 75,863 75,497 75,089 74,64 73,87 73,959 73,637 73,053 5,848 2,437 3,396 8,673 6,329 47,504 3,795 5,77 2,40 3,383 8,662 6,068 47,442 3,684 5,55 2,323 3,200 8,676 60,922 47,52 3,733 5,636 2,36 3,303 8,572 60,390 46,725 3,624 5,742 2,303 3,425 8,454 59,682 46,224 3,425 5,845 2,407 3,469 8,29 59,86 46,476 3,402 5,89 2,339 3,494 8,09 59,743 46,302 3,398 5,794 2,283 3,496 7,924 59,349 45,965 3,342 72,57 72,278 5,637 5,578 2,208 2,23 3,44 3,37 7,974 7,87 58,963 58,842 45,784 45,708 3,77 3,67 MALE 6 years and over 48,827 48,28 48,62 48,078 47,924 47,68 47,597 47,254 47,384 47,035 46,94 46,900 46,797 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over... 3,468 3,292,566,449,935,863 4,876 4,847 40,490 40,42 3,427 3,36 9,00 9,007 3,265,444,805 4,86 40,084 3,050 9,02 3,269,457,800 4,773 40,028 3,02 8,988 3,79,466,735 4,82 39,940 3,038 8,926 3,093,428,677 4,837 39,753 30,839 8,93 3,77,46,750 4,860 39,556 30,668 8,874 3,85,370,804 4,795 39,287 30,478 8,785 3,283,464,843 4,738 39,357 30,626 8,753 3,247,42,84 4,620 39,7 30,404 8,750 3,283,385,882 4,577 39,064 30,326 8,723 3,23 3,225,369,379,850,864 4,602 4,600 39,073 38,980 30,39 30,374 8,672 8,623 FEMALE 6 years and over 28,748 28,04 27,835 27,785 27,573 27,408 27,07 26,67 26,575 26,602 26,39 25,67 25,48 6 to 9 years 6 and 7 years 8 and 9 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 2,585 2,438,09 929,582,50 4,263 4,052 2,905 2,637 6,959 6,683 4,982 4,929 2,57 946,556 4,004 2,300 6,46 4,806 2, ,596 3,900 2,30 6,483 4,807 2, ,648 3,850 2,28 6,404 4,758 2, ,523 3,839 2,69 6,33 4,820 2, ,553 3,72 20,834 6,057 4,750 2, ,62 3,659 20,395 5,746 4,640 2, ,626 3,553 20,459 5,850 4,649 2,572 98,653 3,47 20,572 5,898 4,648 2,5 898,64 3,347 20,285 5,639 4,69 2,406 2, ,564,507 3,372 3,27 9,890 9,862 5,393 5,334 4,505 4,544 7: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Occupation group st 4th 3rd 2nd st 4th 3rd 2nd st 4th 3rd 2nd st Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 36,27 0,628 7,828 3,58 4,603 28,255 0,334 4,293 3,629 35,906 0,452 7,900 2,889 4,665 27,756 0,58 4,032 3,566 35,756 0,393 7,838 2,828 4,697 27,509 9,953 3,943 3,63 35,445 0,326 7,66 2,808 4,650 27,466 9,979 3,928 3,559 35,09 0,42 7,706 2,685 4,576 27,342 9,964 3,95 3,463 34,882 0,057 7,639 2,69 4,567 27,273 9,840 3,904 3,529 34,48 9,953 7,640 2,35 4,537 27,356 9,774 4,022 3,560 33,955 9,784 7,445 2,245 4,48 27,40 9,83 3,773 3,536 33,66 9,73 7,254 2,5 4,56 27,276 9,942 3,836 3,498 33,686 9,596 7,429 2,58 4,503 26,962 9,709 3,826 3,427 33,420 9,446 7,508,962 4,504 26,946 9,67 3,728 3,547 32,800 9,228 7,387,638 4,547 26,962 9,555 3,898 3,509 32,373 8,976 7,298,486 4,63 26,940 9,396 3,879 3,665 Service workers Farmers and farm laborers 9,575 3,479 9,427 3,307 9,366 3,40 9,392 3,536 9,343 3,683 9,334 3,620 9,263 3,556 9,275 3,472 9,426 3,60 9,408 3,585 9,223 3,592 9,052 3,744 9,64 3,784

106 Technical Note Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours and earnings, and labor turnover seriesconcepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in technical notes for each of these series, available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics free of charge. INTRODUCTION The statistics in this periodical are compiled from three major sources: household interviews, (2) payroll reports from employers, and (3) administrative statistics of unemployment insurance systems. Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample survey of the population 6 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, color, marital status, occupations, hours of work, and duration of unemployment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of about 50,000! households, representing 449 areas in 863 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 2th of the month. Data based on establishment'pay roll records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The payroll survey provides detailed industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The figures are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing about 25 million nonagriculture wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or parttime, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 2th of the month. Data based on administrative records of unemployment insurance systems furnish a complete count of insured unemployment among the twothirds of the Nation's labor force covered by unemployment insurance programs. Weekly reports, by State, are issued on the number of initial claims, the volume and rate of insured unemployment under State unemployment insurance programs, and the volume under programs of unemployment compensation for Federal employees, exservicemen, and railroad workers. These statistics are published by the Bureau of Employment Security, U.S. Department of Labor, in "Unemployment Insurance Claims." Relation between the household and payroll series The household and payroll data supplement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and trends of the two series are as follows: Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 5 hours or more during the survey week in familyoperated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once and are classified according to the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during the survey weekthat is, were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement dispute, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In 09

107 the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period. Hours of Work The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. Comparability of the household interview data with other series Unemployment insurance data. The Unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Bureau of Employment Security of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, State and local government, domestic service, self employment, unpaid family work, nonprofit organizations, and firms below a minimum size). In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household survey. Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of persons under 6 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than once if they worked on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating methods t which cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series. Comparability of the payroll employment data with other series Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes contract construction, professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics. County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns, published jointly by the U.S. Departments of Commerce and Health, Education, and Welfare, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities. Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Not all nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. All workers in certain activities, such as interstate railroads, are excluded. In addition, small firms in covered industries are also excluded in 3 States. In general, these are establishments with less than four employees. Labor Force Data COLLECTION AND COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population, the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in ''Concepts and Methods Used in Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Survey" (BLS Report 33). This report is available from BLS on request. These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population 6 years and over. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 6 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, 0

108 Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 2th of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week. Inmates of institutions and persons under 6 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are obtained from the Department of Defense. Each month, 50,000 occupied units are designated for interview. About 2,250 of these households are visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied units^there are 8,500 sample units in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for threefourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and onehalf to be common with the same month a year ago. CONCEPTS Employed 'persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or farm, or who worked 5 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off, and whether or not they were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises of an Embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations. Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work, and (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Average duration is an arithmetic mean computed from a distribution by single weeks of unemployment. Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups. Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a fulltime job lasting 2 weeks or longer but who were out of the labor force prior to beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never worked at a fulltime job lasting 2 weeks or longer. The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital status, color, etc. The jobloser, jobleaver, reentrant, and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate. Not in labor force includes all civilians 6 years and over who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of longterm physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off" season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid family work (less than 5 hours) are also classified as not in the labor force. For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on a quarterly basis. The detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households that are new entrants to the sample and in those that are reentering the sample after 8 months absence. Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Per I

109 sons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their latest fulltime civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived from the CPS household interviews are defined as in the 960 Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The classofworker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a governmental unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 5 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage. Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Veterans Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However, all the hours are credited to the major job. Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are designated as working "full time"; persons who worked between and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Parttime workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week, and inability to find fulltime work. "Other reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home housework, school, no desire for fulltime work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on fulltime schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who worked from 34 hours for noneconomic reasons but usually work full time. Full and 'parttime labor force. The fulltime labor force consists of persons working on fulltime schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (because fulltime work is not available), and unemployed persons seeking fulltime jobs. The parttime labor force consists of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking parttime work. Persons with a job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time. Labor force time lost is a measure of manhours lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available manhours. It is computed by assuming: that unemployed persons looking for fulltime work lost an average of 37 hours, (2) that those looking for parttime work lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary parttime workers during the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 37 hours and the actual number of hours they worked. ESTIMATING METHODS Under the estimation methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program.. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by groups of sample areas and, within these, for six groupscolor (white and nonwhite) within the three residence categories (urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm). The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 4 to 6 percent depending'on weather, vacations, etc. 2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the Nation as a whole, in such characteristics as age, color, sex, and residence. Since these population characteristics are closely correlated with' labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows: a. Firststage ratio estimate. This is a procedure in which the sample proportions are weighted by the known 960 Census data on the colorresidence distribution of the population. This step takes into account the differences existing at the time of the 960 Census between the colorresidence distribution for the Nation and for the sample areas. b. Secondstage ratio estimate. In this step, the sample proportions are weighted by independent current estimates of the population by age, sex, and color. These estimates are prepared by carrying forward the most recent census data (960) to take account of subsequent aging of the population, mortality, and migra 2

110 tion between the United States and other countries. 3. Composite estimate 'procedure. In deriving statistics for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the current month. This procedure reduces the sampling variability of mo nthtomo nth changes especially and of the levels for most items also. Table A. Average standard error of major employment status categories Employment status and sex (In thousands) Average standard error of~ Monthly level Monthtomonth change (consecutive months only) Rounding of Estimates The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however, are insignificant. Reliability of the Estimates Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. The standard error is a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variations that might occur by chance because only a sample of the population is surveyed. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from a complete census by less than the standard error. The chances are about 9 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. BOTH SEXES Labor force and total Nonagricultural employment Unemployment MALE Labor force and total Nfonagricultural employment Unemployment FEMALE Labor force and total employment Agriculture Nonagricultural employment Unemployment Table A shows the average standard error for the major employment status categories, by sex, computed from data for past months. Estimates of change derived from the survey are also subject to sampling variability. The standard error of change for consecutive months is also shown in table A. The standard errors of level shown in table A are acceptable approximations of the standard errors of yeartoyear change. The figures presented in table B are to be used for other characteristics and are approximations of the standard errors of all such characteristics. They should be interpreted as providing an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard errors rather than as the precise standard error for any specific item. The standard error of the change in an item from one month to the next month is more closely related to the standard error of the monthly level for that item than to the size of the specific mo nthtomo nth change itself. Thus, in order to use the approximations to the standard errors of monthtomonth changes as presented in table C, it is first necessary to obtain the standard error of the monthly level of the item in table B, and then find the standard error of the monthtomonth change in table C corresponding to this standard error of level. It should Size of estimate 0 50.; ,000 2, ,000 0, , , , Table B. Standard error of level of monthly estimates (In thousands) Both sexes Total or white Total Male or white Female Total or white Nonwhite Nonwhite Nonwhite

111 be noted that table C applies to estimates of change between 2 consecutive months. For changes between the current month and the same month last year, the standard errors of level shown in table B are acceptable appro ximatio ns. Illustration: Assume that the tables showed the total number of persons working a specific number of hours as 5,000,000, an increase of 500,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the first column of table B shows that the standard error of 5,000,000 is about 33,000. Consequently, the chances are about 68 out of 00 that the sample estimate differs by less than 33,000 from the figure which would have been obtained from a complete count of the number of persons working the given number of hours. Using the 33,000 as the standard error of the monthly level in table C, it may be seen that the standard error of the 500,000 increase is about 26,000. Table C. Standard error of estimates of monthtomonth change (In thousands) The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed by using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size of the percentage and the size of the total upon which the percentage is based. Where the numerator is a subclass of the denominator, estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates of the numerator of the percentage, particularly if the percentage is large (50 percent or greater). Table D shows the standard errors for percentages derived from the survey. Linear interpolation may be used for percentages and base figures not shown in table D. Base of percentages (thousands) Table D. Standard error of percentage or 99 2 or 98 5 or 95 Estimated percentage 0 or 90 5 or or or or Standard error of monthly level Standard error of monthtomonth change , , , , , , , , Establishment Data COLLECTION Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location. FederalState Cooperation Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national, State, and area estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents and, together with the use of identical techniques at the national and State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the establishment data to the BLS for use in preparing the national series. Shuttle Schedules Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS 790Monthly Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form DL 29Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. These schedules are of the "shuttle" type, with space for each month of the calendar year. The collecting agency returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the next month's data can be entered. This procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures he has reported for previous months. Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of full and parttime workers on the payrolls of non 4

112 agricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and manhours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 2th of the month. The labor turnover schedule provides for the collection of information on the total number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month. CONCEPTS Industrial Classification Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 29 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. This information is collected each year on a supplement to the monthly 790 or 29 report. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the most important product or activity. All national, State, and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series are classified in accordance with the Standard Industrial Classification Manual^ Bureau of the Budget, 957, as amended by the 963 Supplement. Industry Employment Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 2th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. The data exclude proprietors, the selfemployed, unpaid volunteer, or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period and are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period, are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire period, or who are hired but have not reported to work during the period. Industry Hours and Earnings Hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and manhours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in contract construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining nonagriculture components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory. Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer than week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis. Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and watchman services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers include the following employees in the contract construction division: working foremen, journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aids, teachers, draftsmen, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll covers the payroll for full and parttime production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of tfte pay period which includes the 2th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for oldage and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also excluded. Manhours cover manhours paid for, during the pay period which includes the 2th of the month, for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. The manhours include hours paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straighttime workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the 2th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime 3

113 premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Gross Average Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis, reflecting not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and lateshift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. Shifts in the volume of employment between relatively highpaid and lowpaid work and changes in workers earnings in individual establishments also affect the general earnings averages. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage*rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the productionworker, construction worker, or nonsupervisoryemployee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek, parttime work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absenteeism. Average Weekly Hours The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as absenteeism, labor turnover, parttime work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average Overtime Hours The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in excess of regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee worked on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straighttime pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from monthtomonth; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straighttime workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industrygroup level also may be caused by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Hours and Farnings For Total Private Nonagricultural Industries This series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS 790. Secondary source material such as Employment and Wage's (Bureau of Employment Security), County Business Patterns (Bureau of the Census), and additional supporting information such as The Hospital Guide, Part II, of the American Hospital Association and special studies by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain industry groups within the service division. For a technical description of this series, see the article, "Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries," published in the May 967 Issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Railroad Hours and Earnings The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total numberof hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Spendable Average Weekly Earnings Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal social security and income taxes from gross weekly earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker and his marital status, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these variables, spendable earnings are computed for a worker with no dependents and a married worker with three dependents. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry division excluding other income "and income earned by other family members. "Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the earnings averages for the current month. The level of earnings is thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since the base period (95759). I 6

114 Average Hourly Earnings Excluding Overtime Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total productionworker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total productionworker manhours and onehalf of total overtime manhours. Prior to January 956, these data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 950, pp ). Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for at tiynes the straighttime rates. No adjustment is made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, lateshift work, and overtime rates other than time and onehalf. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Payrolls and ManHours The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and manhours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the period. The manhour aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and productionworker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of gross average weekly earnings and productionworker employment. Labor Turnover Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types; Accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 00 employees. The data relate to all employees, whether full or parttime, permanent or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 959. Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees. New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring from another establishment of the same company) or of former employees not recalled by the employer. Other accessions, which are not published separately but are included in total accessions, are all addition^ to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires, including transfers from another establishment of the company. Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and other separations, are defined as follows: Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired, and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days. Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker. Other separations, which are not published separately but are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than 30 consecutive calendar days. Relationship to Employment Series Monthtomonth changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay period which includes the 2th of the month; and (2) employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through the report period. ESTIMATING METHODS The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the use of size and regional stratification. The "Link Relative" Technique From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a link relative. The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives. In addition, small bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is determined from past experience. Other features of the general procedures are described later in the table, Summary of Methods for Computing Industry Statistics on Employment, Hours, Earnings, and Labor Turnover. Further details are given in the technical notes on Measurement of Employment, Hours, and Earnings in Nonagricultural Industries and on Measurement of Labor Turnover, which are available upon request. Size and Regional Stratification A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified produc I 7

115 tion or nonsupervisoryworker data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry. Benchmark Adjustments Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks" for the various nonagriculturalindustries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 967 levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually. The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations, covering threefourths of the total nonagricultural employment irr the United States, are prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Employment Security. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the records of the Social Sepurity Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in private industry or government. The estimates relating to the benchmark month are compared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the monthtomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions made in the last 3 benchmark years follows. Nonagricultural payroll employment estimates, by industry division, as a percentage of the benchmark for Industry division Total Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade... Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide users of the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data, the BLS publishes as soon as possible after each benchmark revision a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover statistics. THE SAMPLE Design The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments. The universe of establishments is stratified first by industry and then within each industry by size of establishment in terms of employment. For each industry, the number of sample units is distributed among the size class cells on the basis of average employment per establishment in each cell. In practice, this is equivalent to distributing the predetermined total number of establishments required in the sample among the cells on the basis of the ratio of employment in each cell to total employment in the industry. Within each noncertainty stratum the sample members are selected at random. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the samples for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the larger establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and service divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to accept samples in these divisions with a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates. In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover statistics programs, with their emphasis on pro 8

116 ducing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail. Coverage The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. The table that follows shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 967 X Industry division Mining Contract construction.... Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities: Railroad transportation (ICC) Other transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade. Finance, insurance and real estate. Services Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission) 2 State and local Number of establishments in sample 2,300 5,400 44, ,000 39,300 9,00 20,800 3,00 9,000 Employees Number reported 294, ,000 2,285,000 66,000,943,000 2,585,000,29,000 2,064,000 2,669,000 4,749,000 Percent of total Since a few establishments do not report payroll and manhour information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. 2 State and area estimates of Federal employment are based on reports from a sample of Federal establishments, collected through the BLSState cooperative program. The table below shows the approximate coverage, in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample, March 967 Industry Manufacturing Communication: Telephone Telegraph Number reported,497,00 60,400 64, ,000 23,00 Reliability of the Employment Estimates Employees Percent of total The estimates derived from the establishment survey may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. The relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy. However, since the link relative technique requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate, small sampling and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to the sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences, generally minor, arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. (A detailed description of the March 967 benchmark is available from the Bureau upon request.) One measure of the reliability of ratio estimates is the root mean square error (RMSE). This measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in ratio estimates (RMSE = \/(Standard Deviation) 2 + (Bias) 2 ). If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the root mean square error. The chances are about 9 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the root mean square error. Approximations of the root mean square errors (based on the experience of the last several years) of differences between final estimates and benchmarks are presented in the following table.

117 Rootmeansquare errors of differences between benchmarks and estimates Size of employment estimate 50,000 00, , ,000,000,000 2,000,000 Rootmeansquare error l 2,200 2,400 4,300 7,000,800 9,600 Assuming 2month intervals between benchmark revisions. For the most recent months, estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been received. The table below presents rootmeansquareerrors of the amounts of Errors of preliminary employment estimates Size of empl. estimate 50,000 00, , ,000,000,000 2,000,000 0,000,000 Total Nonag. empl. Rootmeansquare error of Monthly level 600,00,800 2,500 3,700 7,000 24,900 78,000 Month to month change 500,000,500 2,400 3,500 7,000 23,500 68,000 revision that may be expected between the preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary and final monthtomonth changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than. of an hour for weekly hours or cent for hourly earnings. STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification. For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a summary volume published annually by the BLS. UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA Insured unemployment represents the number of persons reporting a week of unemployment under an unemployment insurance program. It includes some persons who are working part time who would be counted as employed in the payroll and household surveys. Excluded are persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, State and local government, domestic service, selfemployment, unpaid family work, nonprofit organizations, and firms below a minimum size). The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed expressed as a percent of average covered employment in a 2month period ending 6 to 8 months prior to the week of reference. Initial claims are notices filed by those losing jobs covered by an unemployment insurance program that they are starting a period of unemployment. A claimant who continues to be unemployed a full week is then counted in the insured unemployment figure. Because of differences in State laws and procedures under which unemployment insurance programs are operated, State unemployment rates generally indicate, but do not precisely measure, differences among the individual States. Persons wishing to receive a detailed description of the nature, sources, inclusions and exclusions, and limitations of unemployment insurance data should address their inquiries to Bureau of Employment Security, Washington, D.C. I 20

118 Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal patternthat is, changes in a seasonally adjusted seriesit is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors but, in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Post Office Department in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions by the Post Office Department. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the data upon which the seasonally adjusted series is based. Factors currently in use for the establishment data are shown in the June ' Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, and revisions will be made coincidental with the adjustment of series to new benchmark levels. The seasonal adjustment method used for these series is an adaptation of the standard ratiotomoving average method, with a provision for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in the booklet, The BLS Seasonal Factor Method (966), which may be. obtained from the Bureau on request. For establishment data, the seasonally adjusted series on weekly hours and labor turnover rates for industrv groupings are computed by applying factors directly to the corresponding unadjusted series. However, seasonally adjusted employment totals for all employees and production workers by industry division are obtained by summing seasonally adjusted data for the component industries. Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours, seasonally adjusted, for mining, contract construction, and the major industries in manufacturing are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the base. For total, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods, the indexes of aggregate weekly manhours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly manhours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the base. For each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural and nonagricultural employment and unemploymentdata for four agesex groups (male and female workers under age 20 and age 20 and over) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to give seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to produce seasonally adjusted total employment and civilian labor force data, the appropriate series are aggregated. The seasonally adjusted rate of unemployment is derived by dividing the seasonally adjusted figure for total unemployment (the sum of four seasonally adjusted agesex components) by the figure for the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force (the sum of twelve seasonally adjusted agesex components). The seasonal adjustment factors applying to current data are based on a pattern shown by past experience. These factors are revised in the light of the pattern revealed by subsequent data. Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the labor force based on data through December are published in the February Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Revisions will be made annually as each additional year*s data become available. ATTENTION As discussed in the Technical Note, the Bureau periodically adjusts the industry employment series to a recent benchmark to improve their accuracy. These adjustments may also affect the hours and earnings series because employment levels are used as weights. Industry data for all national series shown in this report have been adjusted to March 967 benchmarks. Data from April 967 forward are subject to revision at the time of the next benchmark. Beginning with the June and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, the national data in sections B, C, and D supersede those published in previous issues, as well as those appearing in the Handbook of Labor Statistics,. Comparable data are published in Employment and Earnings Statistics for the : United States, 90968, BLS Bulletin 3.

119 Summary of Methods for Computing Industry Statistics on Employment, Hours, Earnings, and Lnhor Turnover Item Basic estimating cells (industry, region, size, or region/size cell) Monthly Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups and, where stratified, individual cells) Data All employees... Allemployee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months. Sum of allemployee estimates for component cells. Production or nonsupervisory workers; women employees. Allemployee estimate for current month multi plied by ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) ratio of women to all employees. Sum of production or nonsupervisoryworker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for component cells. Gross average weekly hours. Production or nonsupervisoryworker manhours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisoryworker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells. Average weekly overtime hours... Productionworker overtime manhours divided Average, weighted by productionworker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for component cells. Gross average hourly earnings ;. Total production or nonsupervisoryworker payroll divided by total production or nonsupervisoryworker manhours. Average, weighted by aggregate manhours, of the average hourly earnings for component cells. Gross average weekly earnings.. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Labor turnover rates (total, men, and women). The number of particular actions (e.g., quits) in reporting firms divided by total employment in those firms. The result is multiplied by 00. For men (or women), the number of men (women) who quit is divided by the total number of men (women) employed. Average, weighted by employment, of the rates for component cells. Annual Average Data All employees and production or nonsupervisory workers. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 2. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 2. Gross average weekly hours. Annual total of aggregate manhours (productionor nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate manhours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Average weekly overtime hours.. Annual total of ag ce overtime manhours (productionworker emp'oyment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate overtime manhours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Gross average hourly earnings... Annual total of aggregate payrolls (productionor nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by weekly earnings) divided by annual aggregate manhours. Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate manhours. Gross average weekly earnings.. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Labor turnover rates.. Sum of monthly rates divided by 2. Sum of monthly rates divided by U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : O 33968

120 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics REGION I BOSTON BLS Regional Director John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg. Government Center Room 603 A Boston, Mass REGION V CHICAGO BLS Regional Director 29 South Dearborn Street Chicago, Regional Offices REGION II NEW YORK BLS Regional Director 34 Ninth Avenue New York, N. Y. 000 REGION VI KANSAS CITY BLS Regional Director 9 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo REGION III PHILADELPHIA BLS Regional Director Penn Square Bldg., Rm Filbert Street Philadelphia, Pa. 907 REGION VII DALLAS BLS Regional Director 4 North Akard Street Dallas, Tex REGION IV ATLANTA BLS Regional Director 37 Peachtree Street, N. E. Atlanta, Ga REGION VIII SAN FRANCISCO BLS Regional Director 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 3607 San Francisco, Calif BLS Region COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES Stattottu IV VIII VIII VII VIII VI I III III IV IV VIII VIII V V VI VI V VII I III I V V IV VI VI VI VIII I II VII II III VI V VII VIII HI I IV VI IV VII VI I III VIII III V VI ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING Department of Industrial Relations, Montgomery 3604 Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Juneau 9980 Unemployment Compensation Division, Employment Security Commission, Phoenix Employment Security Commission, Department of Labor, Little Rock Division of Labor Statistics and Research, Department of Industrial Relations, San Francisco 940 (Employment). Research and Statistics, Department of Employment, Sacramento 9584 (Turnover). Department of Employment, Denver Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Hartford 065 Employment Security Commission, Wilmington 980 U.S. Employment Service for D.C., Washington 2022 Industrial Commission, Tallahassee Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, Atlanta Department of Labor andindustrial Relations, Honolulu 968 Department of Employment, Boise Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, Chicago Employment Security Division, Indianapolis Employment Security Commission, Des Moines 5039 Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Topeka Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Economic Security, Frankfort 4060 Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor, Baton Rouge Employment Security Commission, Augusta Department of Employment Security, Baltimore 220 Division of Statistics, Department of Labor and Industries, Boston (Employment). Division of Employment Security, Boston 0225 (Turnover). Employment Security Commission, Detroit Department of Employment Security, St. Paul 550 Employment Security Commission, Jackson Division of Employment Security, Jefferson City 6502 Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena 5960 Division of Employment, Department of Labor, Lincoln Employment Security Department, Carson City 8970 Department of Employment Security, Concord 0330 Department of Labor and Industry: Bureau of Statisticsand Records (Employment); Division of Employment Security (Turnover), Trenton Employment Security Commission, Albuquerque 8703 Research and Statistics Office, Division of Employment, N. Y. State Department of Labor, State Campus Building 2, Albany 220 Division of Statistics, Department of Labor, Raleigh (Employment). Bureau of Employment Security Research, Employment Security Commission, Raleigh (Turnover). Unemployment Compensation Division, Workmen's Compensation Bureau, Bismarck Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 45 S. Front St., Columbus 4326 Employment Security Commission, Oklahoma City 7305 Department of Employment, Salem 9730 Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industry, Harrisburg 72 Division of Statistics and Census, Department of Labor, Providence (Employment). Department of Employment Security, Providence (Turnover). Employment Security Commission, Columbia Employment Security Department, Aberdeen 5740 Department of Employment Security, Nashville 3729 Employment Commission, Austin 7870 Department of Employment Security, Salt Lake City 84 Department of Employment Security, Montpelier Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, Richmond 2324 (Employment). Employment Commission, Richmond 232 (Turnover). Employment Security Department, Olympia 9850 Department of Employment Security, Charleston Unemployment Compensation Department, Madison 5370 Employment Security Commission, Casper 8260