EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS AND MONTHLY REPORT ON Vol. 15 No. 7 THE LABOR FORCE January 1969

Transcription

1 EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGS AND MONTHLY REPORT ON Vol. 15 No. 7 THE LABOR FORCE January 1969 JOSEPH M. FINERTY, EDITOR JOHN E. BREGGER, ASSOCIATE EDITOR Highlights For a review of labor force, employment, and unemployment developments during, see article beginning on page 12. The latest developments on the employment situation of persons living in urban poverty neighborhoods are discussed on pages Annual Averages -- Household Data (page 113) Establishment Data (page 133) p«ge CONTENTS 4 Summary Employment and Unemployment Developments, December 6 The Employment Situation in Urban Poverty Neighborhoods, Fourth Quarter 12 Employment and Unemployment in 19 Charts 27 Statistical Tables 112 Annual Averages 135 Quarterly Averages 141 Technical Note Continued on following page.

2 CONTENTS' (CONT.NUED) STATISTICAL TABLES SECTION A-LABOR FORCE, EMPLOYMENT, AND UNEMPLOYMENT- HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Employment Status 27 A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 1929 to date 28 A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date 29 A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color 31 A- 4: Labor force by age, sex, and color 33 A- 5: Employment status of persons years of age in the noninstitutional population by color and sex 33 A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by color, age, and sex 34 A- 7: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by age and sex Characteristics of the Unemployed 35 A- 8: Unemployed persons by age and sex 35 A- 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color 36 A- 10: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex 36 A- 11: Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 37 A- 12: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color 37 A-13: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age 38 A- 14: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 38 A-1 5: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status 39 A- 16: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job Characteristics of the Employed 39 A-17: Employed persons by age and sex 40 A- 18: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex 41 A- 19: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex 42 A-20: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex 43 A-21: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex 43 A-22: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 44 A-23: Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason working part-time 44 A-24: Nonagricultural workers by full- or part-time status 45 A-25: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age, sex, color, and marital status 47 A-26: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex Data on 14 and 15 Year-olds 49 A-27: Employment status of year-olds by sex and color 49 A-28: Employed year-olds by sex, major occupation group, and class of worker Seasonally Adjusted Data 50 A-29: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age and sex, A-30: A-31: A-32: A-33: A-34: A-3 5: seasonally adjusted Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted

3 STATISTICAL TABLES-(CONTINUED) SECTION B-EMPLOYMENT - ESTABLISHMENT DATA Page National 55 B- 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date 56 B-2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry B-3: Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry l 64 B-4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted 65 B-5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 66 B-6: Production workers in industrial and construction activities, seasonally adjusted State and Area 68 B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division SECTION C- HOURS AND EARNINGS - ESTABLISHMENT DATA C-l: C-2: 92 C-3: C-4: C-5: 93 C-6: 94 C-7: 95 C-8: National Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, 1947 to date Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the. Federal Government Average hourly earnings excluding < rvertime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industrjyr Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonnag ricultural payrolls, in supervisory workers on private no current and dollars Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hourconstruction activities and payrolls in industrial and Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payroll, seasonally adjusted Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hourconstruction activities, seasonally adjusted in industrial and State and Area 96 C-9: Gross hours and earnings of produc ion workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areasas SECTION D-LABOR TURNOVER - ESTABLISHMENT DATA D- 1: Labor turnover rates in manufactur D-2: Labor turnover rates, by industry D-3: Labor turnover rates in manufactur D-4: Labor turnover rates in manufactur adjusted ng, 1958 to date National ng, by sex and major industry 1 ng, 1958 to date, seasonally State and Area 107 D-5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas SECTJON E-UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA 110 E-1: Insured unemployment under State programs 111 E-2: Insured unemployment in 150 major labor areas Quarterly data included in February, May, August, and November issues.

4 Summary Employment and Unemployment Developments, December Employment continued to rise substantially in December while unemployment remained at post-korean lows. Unemployment rates declined slightly for adult men, married men, Negroes, and full-time workers, although the overall unemployment rate, at percent, was unchanged over the month at the 15-year low reached in November. The jobless rate for workers covered under State unemployment insurance programs moved down to percent, setting a post-world War II record low. For as a whole, the unemployment rate for all workers averaged percent, the lowest annual rate since the Korean war period. Industry Employment Nonfarm payroll employment rose 460,000 in December to a record 70.0 million. The December increase was 265,000 more than seasonally expected and represented the third consecutive month of substantial gains. In the last 3 months, nonfarm payroll employment has risen 800,000 (seasonally adjusted). About 30,000 of the December increase was due to the net return of workers who were off payrolls in November because of strikes. Nearly all major industry divisions shared in the employment advance in December. Contract construction and State and local government had seasonally adjusted employment gains of 80,000 each, while manufacturing and services each increased 60,000. The job gains in manufacturing were fairly widespread and were led by increases in transportation equipment, fabricated metals, apparel, primary metals, and rubber. More than half of the 80,000 increase in State and local government was due to the return to payrolls of teachers in New York City who had been on strike. Employment in transportation and public utilities and trade declined over the month on a seasonally adjusted basis. The 25,000 drop in transportation and public utilities was due mainly to increased strike activity. The decline in trade resulted from a less-than-usual Christmas employment pickup, as retail sales were affected by the flu. Hours and Earnings Average weekly hours for rank and file workers on private payrolls edged up 0.1 hour in December to 37 hours (seasonally adjusted). The increase resulted primarily from a sharp rise in the workweek in contract construction, which reflected both increased building activity and a pickup from the large drop in November when the weather was unusually bad. In manufacturing, the workweek in December was down one-tenth of an hour to hours (seasonally adjusted). December was the third consecutive month in which the factory workweek had declined. Over the year, however, there has been no change in average weekly hours in manufacturing. Average hourly earnings rose 1 cent in December to $3 for rank and file workers. Average weekly earnings advanced $1*25 over the month to $1105, with the largest gain $10 occurring in construction. Unemployment The number of unemployed persons was million in December, a decrease of 150,000 over the month. Unemployment among adult men declined on a seasonally adjusted basis in December; their unemployment rate edged down 0.2 percentage point to percent the lowest rate since the series began in Reflecting the strong job market situation for adult men, jobless rates for both married men and full-time workers also declined in December to and percent, respectively. Unemployment rates for adult women ( percent) and teenagers (1 percent) were not significantly changed over the month.

5 The jobless rate for nonwhite workers showed some improvement in December, At 6.0 percent, the rate was down from 6 percent in November and was the lowest rate since At percent, the white rate also reached a new post- Korean low. Total Employment and Labor Force Total employment, at 7 million in December, was 100,000 more than in November. After seasonal adjustement, the employment gain amounted to 475,000, dominated by an increase of 400,000 for adult men. Teenage employment remained virtually unchanged in December. For the second month in succession, employment in agriculture declined much less than seasonally expected. Seasonally adjusted agricultural employment rose by 200,000 in both November and December, after declining steadily since February. Good weather throughout most of the Nation during the survey week and a late harvest of citrus fruit and nut crops were probably responsible for the less-than-usual employment drops. The December rise in nonagricultural employment (300,000 seasonally adjusted) was the fourth straight monthly advance. The increase occurred entirely among adult men. At 79.1 million in December, the civilian labor force declined 425,000 less than seasonally expected. Adult men accounted for the bulk of the increase on a seasonally adjusted basis.

6 The Employment Situation in Urban Poverty Neighborhoods, Fourth Quarter Unemployment rates in poverty neighborhoods of the Nation's 100 largest metropolitan areas declined sharply between the fourth quarters of and, The unemployment rate fell from 6 percent in the fourth quarter of to 5,2 percent in the fourth quarter of. The improvement in these poverty neighborhoods occurred at a faster rate than in the other neighborhoods of the 100 areas or in the Nation as a whole. Unemployment rates for adult men, adult women, and teenagers from urban poverty neighborhoods were ail lower in the fourth quarter of than a year earlier. The declines in the jobless rates for adult men (4 to percent), and for teenagers (2 to 19.2 percent) were relatively greater than for their counterparts in the remaining neighborhoods of the 100 largest metropolitan areas. The drop in the rate for adult women (5 to percent) from poverty neighborhoods was only slightly greater than that for adult women in other urban neighborhoods. Unemployment rates for these groups, however, remained higher in poverty neighborhoods. The decline in joblessness occurred for both white and Negro workers. The unemployment rate for Negroes was reduced from 9.0 percent to 6.4 percent, while the white rate fell from 5.4 to percent. Lower jobless rates were reported for both white and Negro adult men in the fourth quarter of. Among adult women, however, all of the improvement was among Negroes, as their rate fell from 7,2 to 4 percent. For both white and Negro teenagers from poverty neighborhoods, jobless rates were considerably improved over the year. In the other urban neighborhoods, the teenage rates were little changed. The decline in the jobless level for urban poverty residents was accompanied by a decline in the population, labor force, and employment in these areas. A relatively faster reduction in unemployment, however, was responsible for the drop in the jobless rate. In Review 1/ The employment situation for workers in these urban poverty neighborhoods improved in. At 6.0 percent, the unemployment rate in poverty 2J This discussion is based on 12-month averages of labor forces estimates for and. Annual averages for may not be exactly comparable with those for because first quarter levels and rates of unemployment may have been overstated. The Current Population Survey requires several months of continuous data before the necessary statistical techniques exert their full effect,and the first quarter of was the first period for which data were available. However, comparisons of the data for the 2 years do provide a general indication of changes in the employment situation in these urban poverty neighborhoods. A more comprehensive analysis of developments in urban poverty neighborhoods is expected to appear in the February 1969 issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. NOTE: The poverty neighborhood classification used in this report was developed by the Bureau of the Census and is based on a ranking of census tracts according to 1960 data on income, education, skills, housing, and proportion of broken families. The poorest one-fifth of these tracts in the Nation T s 100 largest metropolitan areas are considered poverty neighborhoods. The poverty neighborhood statistics probably include some middle- and upper-income families and also exclude some poor families who live in other urban neighborhoods. In, for example, only about one-third of the nonwhite families living in poverty neighborhoods had incomes below the poverty level as defined by the Social Security Administration. These data, therefore, do not represent the exact dimensions of the employment problems of all poor people but are instead minimal estimates of the adverse conditions of residents in these specific poverty neighborhoods.

7 neighborhoods was down from 6.8 percent a year earlier but was substantially higher than the Nation's rate of percent. Unemployment rates for men, women, and teenagers were all significantly lower than in. Negro workers accounted for nearly all of the reduction in unemployment in these poverty neighborhoods. The pace of improvement in the poverty neighborhoods in was only somewhat faster than that occurring in other urban neighborhoods and the total United States. Continued economic growth and the many programs aimed at the disadvantaged have assisted in reducing joblessness in poverty neighborhoods, but the unemployment gap between the fortunate and less fortunate was still clearly evident in, Unemployment. Unemployment in these poverty neighborhoods of the Nation's 100 largest cities averaged 375,000 in compared to 450,000 in. The unemployment level represented 1 percent of all unemployment in the Nation; in, it accounted for 15.2 percent of the total unemployed. Rates of unemployment for adult men, adult women, and teenagers all improved over the year, as the poverty neighborhood rate dropped from 6.8 to 6.0 percent. The jobless rate for adult men, at percent in, was down by 0 percentage point from. Despite this improvement, the jobless rate for adult men in poverty neighborhoods in continued to be times as large as the rate for men from other urban neighborhoods. This was the largest differential among all the major age-sex groups. The rate for adult women in poverty neighborhoods improved about as much as the rate for their counterparts in other unban neighborhoods. Their rate averaged 5 percent, down from 6,1 percent a year earlier but still about times as high as the rate for women from other urban neighborhoods. While the unemployment rate for teenagers from other urban neighborhoods was unchanged over the year, the rate for teenagers from these poverty neighborhoods declined from 2 to 20.0 percent. Although their rate continues to be high, the gap between the rates for teenagers from the poverty neighborhoods and other urban neighborhoods has narrowed. Negroes and Whites. Negro workers accounted for most of the 70,000 decline in unemployment in these urban poverty neighborhoods. Their jobless rate dropped from 8 to 7.3 percent, narrowing the gap between their rate and the rate for white workers, which was little changed. Unemployment rates for Negro men, women, and teenagers were all significantly lower in than in, The jobless rates for Negroes in these poverty neighborhoods showedgreater improvement than for their counterparts in other urban neighborhoods. Employment and labor force. Employment in the poverty neighborhoods averaged million in, down approximately 125,000 from. Combined with a drop in unemployment of 70,000, there were nearly 200,000 fewer workers in poverty neighborhoods than in. The decrease in the labor force was accompanied by a decline of a similar magnitude in the population of these poverty neighborhoods; as a result, the labor force participation rates for these workers were not substantially changed over the year. Whether the employment status of those leaving these neighborhoods has improved is dificult to determine, however.

8 Table 1. Employment status of persons 16 years and over, in urban poverty and other urban neighborhoods J7 by color (In thousands) Erap1oymen t status 4th Quarter Total 4 th Quarter 4 th Quarter White 4 th Quarter Nonwhite 4 th Quarter 4th Quarter TOTAL UNITED STATES Civilian labor force... 79,059? ,101 2,855 70,300 1,968 69,347 2,241 8, J 8, URBAN POVERTY NEIGHBORHOODS Civilian labor force... Unemployment... Unemployment rate 6, , , , , , OTHER URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS Civilian labor force... Unemployment Unemployment rate... 33,016 1,050 36,931 1,177 34, ,992 1,006 3, , J Pertains only to standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) with populations of 250,000 or more.

9 Table 2. Employment status of persons 16 years and over, in urban poverty and other urban neighborhoods \J by color, sex, and age (In thousands) Employment status, sex, and age 4 th Quarter Total 4th Quarter 4 th Quarter White Nonwhite 4 th 4 th Quarter j Quarter 4 th Quarter MALES, 20 YEARS AND OVER Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian labor force Unemployment Unemployment rate.. 3, , , , , , Other urban neighborhoods Civilian labor force Unemployment., Unemployment rate 22, , , , , , FEMALES, 20 YEARS AND OVER Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian labor force Unemployment... Unemployment rate.. 2, , , , , , Other urban neighborhoods Civilian labor force... Unemployment... Unemployment rate... 12, , , , , , TEENAGERS, YEARS Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian labor force Unemployment Unemployment rate Other urban neighborhoods Civilian labor force... Unemployment... Unemployment rate 2, , , , J7 Pertains only to SMSA's with populations of 250,000 or more.

10 Table 3. Employment status of persons 16 years and over, in urban poverty and other urban neighborhoods 1/ by color, annual averages, -68 (In thousands) Employment status Total White Nonwhite TOTAL UNITED STATES Civilian labor force, Employment... Unemployment, Unemployment rate..., 78,737! 77,347 75,920 74,372 2,817 2,975 69,977 67,751 2,226 68,699 66,361 2,338 8,760 8, ,648 8, URBAN POVERTY NEIGHBORHOODS Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment Unemployment rate 6,470 6, ,664 6, ,774 3, ,892 3, ,696 2, ,772 2, OTHER URBAN NEIGHBORHOODS Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment Unemployment rate... 37,696 36,506 1,190 36,720 35,464 1,257 34,681 33,662 1,019 2,9 33,938 32,851 1,087 3,015 2, ,782 2, / Pertains only to Si-ISA's with populations of 250,000 or more.

11 Table 4. Employment status of persons 15 years and over, in urban poverty and other urban neighborhoods J7 by color, sex, and age, annual averages, -68 (In thousands) Employment status, sax, and age Total White Nonwhite MALES, 20 YEARS AND OVER Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian labor force,,..., Employment Unemployment, Unemployment rate 3,597 3, ,714 3, ,213 2,127 oo 2,281 2, ,385 1, ,433 1, Other urban neighborhoods j Civilian labor force... 22,218 Employment j 21,011 Unemployment...! 407 Unemployment rate.,.! 21,794 21, ,633 20, ,308 19, ,584 1, ,437 1, FEMALES, 20 YEARS AND OVER Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment Unemployment rate 2,337 2, ,382 2, ,258 1, ,296 1, ,078 1, ,086 1, Other urban neighborhoods j Civilian labor force j 12,466 Employment 112,050 Unemployment. 417 Unemployment rate... 11,976 11, ,277 10, ,882 10, ,6 1,189 1, ,094 1, TEENAGERS, YEARS Urban poverty neighborhoods Civilian labor force... Employment Unemployment... Unemployment rate ,0 Other urban neighborhoods j Civilian labor force \ 3,012 Employment j 2,645 Unemployment : 367 Unemployment rate ,951 2, ,771 2, , , ! 59 1 I iy Pertains only to SMSA's with populations of 250,000 or more,

12 Employment and Unemployment in by Kathryn D. Hoyle and Paul M. Schwab* The employment situation improved in, following a period of economic adjustment in. Total employment increased to 75 million, a gain of million persons from. The unemployment rate, at percent, was the lowest since A heavy demand for final goods accounted for an accelerated first quarter of economic activity in. An especially heavy demand for consumer goods contributed to a gain in real output (gross national product), which was the largest in 2 years, and the 450,000 first quarter increase in employment was the most substantial of the year. The unemployment rate dropped to percent, from an average of percent during the second half of. Economic activity slowed generally in the second quarter of as the fast growth rate realized during the early part of the year could no longer be sustained. Largely as a result of civil disorders and of general uncertainty within the business community about government tax policy, final sales, both at the consumer level and for business fixed investment, increased less rapidly. As a result, in the second quarter employment recorded a rise of only 275,000, and unemployment was unchanged. Much of the uncertainty was clarified, however, in June when the 10 percent surcharge on individual and business income taxes was signed into law. During the second half of, economic indicators were mixed but, on balance, presented a picture of continued strength. Employment growth was small in the third quarter, and the unemployment rate remained unchanged at percent. By the end of the year, signs of an increased firmness in employment, production, and investment began to appear. In the fourth quarter, employment picked up sharply (by 425,000), and the unemployment rate averaged percent. Employment Total employment reached 75 million in, an increase of million from. This year-to-year gain was slightly better than in the previous year but was a quarter of a million less than the 1965 and 1966 increases. The civilian labor force rose by million in, as growth slackened somewhat from the record gains of the previous year. Employment in the nonagricultural sector of the economy accounted for all of the growth from to, rising to 7 million. This increase reflected a growth rate of percent, about the same as in but down sharply from the and percent gains registered during 1965 and Employment in agriculture was virtually unchanged in at million. was the first year since 1959 that agricultural employment had not declined by at least 100,000 workers. Increased mechanization of farming operations will undoubtedly result in further employment declines in the agricultural sector, but these may continue to be smaller than those of past years. *0f the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics. NOTE: Annual averages for some labor force series in and are not precisely comparable to those for prior years. Improvements in the methods of measuring employment and unemployment, which went into effect in January, have clarified and sharpened concepts and definitions and increased the accuracy of the statistics. A detailed discussion of the conceptual changes can be found in Concepts and Methods Used in Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Survey (BLS Report No. 313, June ).

13 Full- and part-time employment. The increase in full-time employment was accompanied by a sharp drop in the number of persons on part time for economic reasons. In, the number of worker son full-time schedules increased by million to 6 million, while the number of persons who wanted to work full time but could only find part-time work fell by 200,000 to million. In addition, saw the creation of 525,000 part-time jobs for those persons who did not want or need full-time work. Most of the 9 million voluntary part-time jobs were filled by youths still in school and by adult women. Persons who want full-time work but are forced to work part time for economic reasons represent a loss to the economy and are a major source of underutilization of human resources. The number of persons on economic part time declined 9 percent in, as the number of adult men dropped sharply. The number of persons working less than 35 hours by choice rose from 9.2 million in to 9 million in. This was a 5 percent rise which was 3 times the growth rate in fulltime employment. This rapid increase, in part, reflected the scarce supply of full-time workers during the past several years. In addition, it reflects the shift in work schedules for clerical and sales personnel to better handle peak workloads; such work schedules often make use of the large supply of experienced women workers available in urban and suburban areas. Most of the persons who voluntarily work part time are women and teenagers. Industry Developments Nonfarm payroll employment increased million in to a record 68.1 million. Although the increase exceeded slightly that of, it still was well below the substantial gains posted during the rapid growthperiods of 1965 and Service industries continued to show large gains in. However, most service industries experienced smaller year-to-year increases in than in ; only trade and finance showed larger employment gains. This slowdown within the service industries occurred particularly during the second and third quarters. Also, a highlight of the year was an acceleration in manufacturing job growth and renewed strength in contract construction employment. Employment in goods-producing industries rose much more rapidly than in and showed an increase for the year more than double the increase. Employment in these industries manufacturing, construction, and mining rose 360,000, compared with a 140,000 increase in. Nevertheless, the rise was only threetenths of the exceptional increase of Service industries. Within the serviceproducing industries, the government sector registered the largest growth, rising by 580,000 to 1 million. Although substantial, this was the smallest annual gain since 1965 and was 160,000 less than the increase. The pickup was accounted for almost entirely by State and local government employment. Federal employment remained relatively unchanged in at million, as employment cutbacks were initiated in the latter part of the year in connection with the passage of the income tax surcharge. Trade employment had a 500,000 job pickup in, substantially above the 370,000 increase in the preceding year. Three-fourths of this rise was in retail trade, which posted its largest gains in the first and third quarters of the year. Employment in services rose by 440,000 in, the smallest annual increase since Almost half of the increase occurred in private medical and other health services. Finance, insurance, and real estate showed a job gain exceeding 's as employment rose by 140,000. The 75,000 employment rise in transportation and public utilities was the smallest gain since Manufacturing. Employment in manufacturing rose 300,000 in to a record 19 million. The increase exceeded the job gain by 80,000 but was also well below the employment gains in 1965 and The increase brought

14 the jobless rate for manufacturing workers down from percent in to percent in, near the post-korean war low reached in Factory employment was relatively unchanged during the first quarter of but expanded substantially in the spring. Following another lull in employment during the late summer, a resurgence in production brought about increased employment during the fourth quarter of the year. Seventeen of the 21 manufacturing industries registered job gains in, compared with only 12 in the preceding year, and the increases were equally distributed between durable and nondurable goods industries. This was in contrast to most recent years, when durable goods employment gains constituted a larger share of the total employment increase. Employment advances in durable goods were concentrated in a few industries in ; more than half of the total gain was accounted for by an 80,000 employment rise in transportation equipment. The bulk of the remaining increases were in the ordnance, furniture, and fabricated metals industries. Primary metals and machinery were the only durable goods industries to show employment declines. In nondurable goods, the textiles, chemicals, and rubber industries showed the largest increases during the year; together they accounted for two-thirds of the job gain. Smaller employment pickups were reported in the apparel, paper, and printing industries. Food and tobacco employment posted slight declines for the year. At 1 million in, the number of factory production workers was up 180,000 from the previous year. The level represented the largest number of factory production workers employed since World War II and thus surpassed the post-world War II highs of 1966 and. Between 1961 and 1966, a continued rise in the number of production workers led to a resurgence in the employment of all blue-collar workers, particularly semiskilled operatives. The more moderate increases in manufacturing employment in and, however, have resulted in much smaller gains in total bluecollar employment during the past 2 years. Construction and mining. Employment in contract construction rebounded strongly in after a decline in. At nearly million in, contract construction employment rose 50,000 over the year. It reached a peak early in the year and then slackened off during the next few months. In the second half of, however, employment rose fairly steadily, and the annual average equaled the previous high registered in After a decade of continuous declines, mining employment edged up to 625,000 in. Largely responsible for this was the settlement of the 9- month copper work stoppage; workers began returning to payrolls in March. Hours and earnings. Average weekly hours for all rank and file employees on private nonagricultural payrolls declined by 0.2 hour to 37.8 hours in. Except for manufacturing, all major industry sectors had shorter or unchanged workweeks; trade recorded the largest decline. Since 1960, the average workweek in trade has decreased without interruption, a trend primarily reflecting a shift to increased part-time employment in the industry. The factory production worker's average workweek edged up 0.1 hour in to hours. In, the manufacturing workweek had declined for the first time in 7 years as a result of the economic readjustment that followed the marked economic expansion inl The average workweek continued virutally unchanged through the first 8 months of. However, a strengthening in manufacturing activity during the last 4 months raised the average for the year one-tenth of an hour. Average overtime hours in manufacturing increased slightly in ; generally higher monthly levels were recorded during the second half. For the year, average overtime hours edged up 0.2 hour to hours. Hourly earnings of the Nation's nonsupervisory workers averaged $5 in, up 17 cents from the average. The 6.3 percent increase was the largest annual gain since As a result, gross average weekly earnings rose $5.89 to $1073, an increase of 5.8 percent.

15 Because of increases in the price level, however, average weekly earnings for all rank and file workers increased only about percent in terms of constant dollars. Workers in nonmanufacturing industries generally posted higher percentage gains in hourly earnings than factory workers, but reduced or stable workweeks resulted in smaller increases in average weekly earnings. Employees in the finance sector had the largest increase in average weekly earnings (6 percent), followed by contract construction (5.4 percent), trade (5.2 percent), and mining ( percent). For factory workers, average weekly earnings increased by 6 percent (to $121), the largest annual gain since Take-home pay (gross weekly earnings less Federal income and social security taxes) for all private nonagricultural workers having three dependents increased 4 percent in 1988; it rose by $2 to $ This advance was limited because of the increase in social security withholding taxes effective at the beginning of the year and the 10 percent surtax also effective during most of. Due to a continued rise in the consumer price index, real take-home pay remained relatively unchanged in. Unemployment The employment expansion from to not only provided million new workers with jobs but also removed 150,000 workers from the ranks of the unemployed. Unemployment dropped from an average of 2,975,000 persons in to 2,825,000 in the lowest level in over a decade. As a result, the Nation's unemployment rate declined from percent in both 1966 and to percent in, the lowest percentage since 1953 and the Korean war period. The unemployment rate was relatively stable during the course of the year. After averaging percent in the last quarter of, the rate fell to percent in the first quarter of and remained at that point in the second and third quarters. However, in the fourth quarter of, the rate dropped to percent. Almost all (nearly 85 percent) of the decline in unemployment during took place among persons who had lost their jobs. The numbers unemployed because of quitting a job or entering the labor force were virtually unchanged. As a result, the unemployment rate for job losers fell from percent in to percent in. For nonwhiteworkers, however, about60percent of the improvement in unemployment occurred among job leavers and labor force entrants, rather than among job losers. The number of persons unemployed for 15 weeks or longer was reduced to 400,000 in, a decline of 35,000 from. This drop occurred despite the drastic reductions in longterm unemployment that had already occurred in the past several years. At the beginning of the current expansion (in 1961), million per sons, or nearly one-third of the unemployed, had been without work for 15 weeks or longer. The level has thus declined by million to only 15 percent of the total in. This was a reduction of nearly 75 percent, a rate of decrease much more rapid than for total unemployment. In addition, very long-term unemployment of 27 weeks or longer also edged down further in to 150,000. Long-term unemployment rates (the number of persons out of work 15 weeks or longer as a proportion of the civilian labor force) also give evidence of the decrease inextended joblessness. In, 0 percent of the civilian labor force had been unemployed for 15 weeks or longer. The 0 percent figure was down from the annual average of 0 percent and was the lowest since Continuing reductions in long-term unemployment are particularly significant because the effects of long-term unemployment are felt throughout the economy, not only in terms of unrealized output and consumption but also in terms of the problems of individual workers caught in this situation. Unemployment of long duration tends to result in loss of self-esteem and self-confidence, as well as in loss of income and the depletion of savings. Problems in finding another job become more difficult as time passes particularly if one is Negro, unskilled, or over 45 years of age.

16 Although the numbers of older workers, Negroes, and unskilled workers who are unemployed for 15 weeks or longer have declined due to the insistent pressures of continued economic expansion, the over-representation of these workers among the long-term unemployed has improved little, if at all. In, Negro workers accounted for only 11 percent of the civilian labor force but constituted over 20 percent of the long-term unemployed; unskilled nonfarm laborers were 5 percent of the labor force and 9 percent of the long-term unemployed. Men age 45 years and over accounted for less than 15 percent of the unemployed but were one-fourth of long-term unemployment* Short-term unemployment (less than 5 weeks), at million in, has not declined since 1966 when, for the first time, over half of the unemployed had been seeking work for less than 5 weeks. A large and growing proportion of the unemployed are youngsters looking for part-time work or their first full-time jobs, women reentering the labor force in search of work, or persons who have quit one job to look for another all of which makes this kind of "Motional* unemployment very difficult to reduce. Occupational Developments The largest number of new job opportunities in occurred in white-collar occupations as growth in these jobs accounted for over fourfifths of the total employment increase. Whitecollar employment rose by million in to a total of 3 million, with the most rapid growth occurring in the professional and technical fields and in clerical jobs. Professional and technical employment rose by 450,000 and clerical by 475,000. The other two segments of white-collar employment showed renewed strength in. The employment of managers, officials, and proprietors rose by 275,000, its largest rise since Sales worker employment increased by 125,000 after showing virtually no change in both 1966 and. The unemployment rate for white-collar workers edged down from percent in to percent in. This returned the rate to its 1966 position, which was the lowest since Growth in blue-collar occupations was much slower in than that in white-collar jobs. Blue-collar employment rose by about 275,000 to 27 million, with nearly two-thirds of the gain in craftsmen jobs. The number of employed craftsmen rose by only 175,000 in, after average yearly increases of over 275,000 for the past 3 years. Operative employment increased by 75,000, about the same as in but well below the substantial rises of when yearly gains averaged 450,000. The employment of laborers was virtually unchanged in both and, following a large decline in The unemployment rate for blue-collar workers declined from percent in to percent in. The greatest improvement occurred among operatives whose rate fell 0 percentage point to percent, nearly returning this rate to its 1966 point. The unemployment rate for craftsmen edged down to percent, and the rate for nonfarm laborers fell from. 7 to 7.2 percent; both of these rates were the lowest since the Korean war. Among service workers, private household workers continued their steady decline of the last 3 years, falling by nearly 50,000 in. The employment of other service workers rose by 100,000 to 7 million; this was the smallest gain of the decade for this category. The unemployment rate for other service workers was unchanged from at percent. Developments Among the Major Age-Sex Groups Adult men. The employment gains in were highlighted by improvements in the employment picture for adult men. In, 4 million men 20 years of age and over were employed; in, the total was 44 million, an increase of 575,000. Since labor force growth for adult men was also quite large (500,000), unemployment was reduced by only 75,000, to slightly below million.

17 After averaging percent in, the unemployment rate for adult men edged down to percent in, the lowest rate recorded since records began in the late 1940's. The unusually low unemployment rate for this group of workers is particularly significant because they are frequently the only or primary wage earners for their families. Within the adult male group, the employment of men years of age was unchanged from. Growth among this group had been strong in before large increases in the Armed Forces began to cut into their civilian labor force increase. The unemployment of these younger males was up slightly in, and their unemployment rate rose from to percent. The heavy overall demand for labor did not reduce the numbers of unemployed year-old males in the last 2 years. Nevertheless, their unemployment rates since 1966 have been the lowest for any period since the Korean war. The employment of men age years rose from 37.4 million in to 38.0 million in, and unemployment fell by 100,000 to 675,000. The unemployment rate for this group dropped from percent in to 1,7 percent in, the lowest rate since records began in the late 1940' s. The unemployment rate for married men was also at a record low-- percent in, down from percent in. Adult women. The number of women in the labor force rose significantly from to, and the proportion of all adult women working or looking for work continued to increase. In, an additional 800,000 women age 20 years and over were added to the labor force. Employment reached 2 million, a gain of 875,000. The increased availability of adult women as a source of labor and the equally growing demand for their services have been two of the most important developments of recent years. Unemployment among adult women fell significantly in by 100,000 to less than million. As a result, their unemployment rate dropped from to percent (the same as in 1966). The percent rate was the lowest for adult women since The number of employed young adult women (age years) rose from million in to nearly million in. The gain was large enough to absorb their labor force growth but left the number unemployed virtually unchanged at 275,000. The unemployment rate for young adult women moved downward from 1961 to 1966 but has displayed no consistent trend since then. Their jobless rate was percent in. Teenagers. Providing jobs for teenagers remained as one of the most troublesome problems on the manpower scene in. The number of employed teenagers rose from 5 million in to 5.8 million in, an increase which equaled their labor force gain. Teenage unemployment remained at 850,000 and their jobless rate at 1 percent was essentially the same as in both 1966 and. Once a teenager has a job, however, he is not much more likely than an adult to lose it; the total job-loser rate in was percent while the teenage job-loser rate was percent. The major differences between the teenage and total unemployment rates occurred because of the greater propensity of teenagers to leave jobs or to enter the labor force and the difficulties that workers in these categories faced. The jobleaver and reentrant rates for teenagers were 3 to 3-1/2 times the rates for all workers, and their new entrant rate, which was the largest single component of teenage unemployment, was 10 times the overall rate for workers with no previous experience. Negro Workers 1/ The Negro employment situation in continued its record of moderate employment gains posted since the period of rapid growth. Negro employment totaled 8.2 million for the year, an increase of 160,000 workers exceeding slightly the gain recorded in. Since 1963, Jj Statistics for nonwhite workers are used to measure the employment of Negro workers, who comprise 92 percent of all nonwhites in the United States O

18 the employment of Negroes has risen by more than million workers. Employment of Negro adult men, increasing by 50,000 in, registered its smallest annual gain since Unemployment among Negro workers improved in as 30 percent of the total decline in unemployment occurred among Negroes. The number of jobless Negroes totaled 600,000, about 40,000 less than in. Their unemployment rate was percent, down significantly from 7.4 percent in and at a post-korean war low. The jobless rate for Negro adult men ( percent) reached a new low and that for women (6.3 percent) was the lowest since the Korean war period. Despite the over-the-year improvement in the Negro unemployment situation, the Negro jobless rate still remained twice that of white workers. Increased employment opportunities for Negro teenagers in did not succeed in significantly reducing their unemployment problem. Their jobless rate was 2 percent, down only slightly from the rate recorded in. Given the relatively unchanged unemployment rate for white youths (1 percent), however, the gap between the two groups' unemployment rates edged down for the first time since In, the rate for Negro year-olds was times as high as that for white teenagers.

19 19 Chart 1. LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT 1953 to date (Seasonally adjusted) Nonagricultural employme Monthly Data Chart MAJOR UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS 1953 to date (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT Percent of labor force time lost Unemployment rate all civilian workers Quarterly Averages Series revised beginning 1963 to reflect whether unemployed persons sought full-or part-time jobs Monthly Data

20 20 Chart 3. MILLIONS 14 PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN GOODS-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES 1957 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS Durat le gop( 8 " m Nor durabl = goods, " 6 4 V ^gricult jre * r-i ^ s Cor tract construe tiori -~ 2 Mining Quarterly averages HI 11 ii 11 ii i In 111 ii iii nliii ii n 111n In 11IIIiiml Monthly data o "Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary. ar PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT IN SERVICE-PRODUCING INDUSTRIES 1957 to date MILLIONS (Seasonally adjusted) M LLI0NS * - Whole; sale an i retail trade, ^ ^ ***! - - * - = Serv ices, ^ ^ ^ ^ p. ' * Stat ; and 1Deal govemment Trarisporta :ion and public utiliti Finaice, insuranc( 3 and real esta te- In 1 = \»' 1 ieral gc vernment Quarterly averages BS i i i i i i i i i i n r^ Monthly data Note : Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary.

21 Chart 5. PERCENT 21 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY AGE AND SEX 1953 to date (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT Quarterly Averages Monthly Data Chart 6. MILLIONS Total unemployment TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT BY DURATION 1953 to date (Seasonally adjusted) MILLIONS 7 6 PERCENT 80 DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT AS A PERCENT OF THE TOTAL PERCENT Quarterly Averages Monthly Data

22 22 Chart 7. HOURS OF WORK IN MANUFACTURING, CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRADE 1957 to date HOURS f 0 6 s 'holesale and retail trade "* u A y A y / \ S/ on IV anufacturing_ *- k/ 1.A/ (Seasonally adjusted) fs/v ract co on i struct ^ OVERTIME HOURS IN MANUFACTURING HOURS I II I I II I 1 I if Q * / III M i l l II II HIM Quarterly averages Monthly data * Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary. Chart 8. DOLLARS r < AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING, CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, AND TRADE 1957 to date s/ Contract c;onstruc:tion^«/i s/ 1 ufacturing L * Whc lesale? and retc il trade ^ " ^> i III II11 III Quarterly averages Monthly data * Includes eating and drinking establishments, not previously available. Note: Data for 2 most recent months are preliminary. / ^ ^ A/I ^ DOLLARS 180 i in 111 in M11111ii i i i i i i i i i i i ii

23 Chart 9. PERCENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUPS 1957 to date (Seasonally adjusted) Quarterly Averages Monthly Data PERCENT Blue-collar workers 10 L h White-collar workers Farm workers \ Chart 10. STATE INSURED UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Week ending December 7, (Not seasonally adjusted) I 9% a OVER ] 6-8% VZ7A 4-5% HH 2-% UNDER 2% BASED ON AV. COVERED EMPLOYMENT I2M0S. ENDING MARCH Insured jobless under State unemployment insurance programs excludes workers who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers, and persons from jobs not covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Source: Bureau of Employment Security

24 Chart 11. MILLIONS PERSONS AT WORK IN NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES BY FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS 1955 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) MILLIONS FULL-TIME SCHEDULES Full-tirr e workers X AA A 7 X < t s MILLIONS 12 M i l o MILLIONS PART-TIME SCHEDULES JL - ^ s Workers on v oluntary part-time sch ed u les \ 1 s ^ ~ r"r1 Workers on part-time ^/ for economic reasons N > -^N I

25 Chart 12. MILLIONS EMPLOYMENT IN NONFARM OCCUPATIONS 1957 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS MILLIONS Professional and technical workers Ma nagers, officals, and proprietors Sales workers i i i i fn MILLIONS 1 17 BLUE-COLLAR AND SERVICE WORKERS* ^Craftsmen and foremen Nonfarm laborers *Excludes household workers.

26 26 Chart 13. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES AMONG WHITE-COLLAR AND BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS 1957 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) PERCENT PERCENT 10 I and technical workers Clerical and sales workers* ^ Managers, officials, and proprietors Chart 14. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES BY COLOR 1954 to date (Seasonally adjusted quarterly averages) f\ /^. - v / ^"^ NvA \ ^ 5 \ ^^^^ 3 White s ^ " ^ ' «- - ^ * 0 RATIO RATIO OF NONWHITE TO WHITE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE RATIO

27 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutionqj population, 1929 to date (In thousands) Year and month Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Number Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Not in labor force Persons 14 years of age and over : December. : January.. February. March April May, Tune July, August... September October.. November. December. ^Not available. 100, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,619 49,440 50,080 50,680 51,250 51,840 52,490 53,140 53,740 54,320 54,950 55,600 56,180 57,530 60,380 64,560 66,040 65,300 60,970 61,758 <D ,180 49,820 50,420 51,000 51,590 52,230 52,870 53,440 54,000 54,610 55,230 55,640 55,910 56,410 55,540 54,630 53,860 57,520 60,168 47,630 45,480 42,400 38,940 38,760 40,890 42,260 44,410 46,300 44,220 45,750 47,520 50,350 53,750 54,470 53,960 52,820 55,250 57,812 10,450 10,340 10,290 10,170 10,090 9,900 10,110 10,000 9,820 9,690 9,610 9,540 9,100 9,250 9,080 8,950 8,580 8,320 8,256 37,180 35,140 32,110 28,770 28,670 30,990 32,150 34,410 36,480 34,530 36,140 37,980 41,250 44,500 43,390 45,010 44,240 46,930 49,557 1,550 4,340 8,020 12,060 12,83 11,340 10,610 9,030 7,700 10,390 9,480 8,120 5,560 2,660 1, ,040 2,270 2, ^ Persons 16 years of age and over 60,941 62,080 62,903 63,858 65,117 65,730 66,560 66,993 68,072 69,409 69,729 70,275 70,921 72,142 73,031 73,442 74,571 75,830 77,178 78,893 80,793 81,527 79,811 80,869 80,938 81,141 81,770 84,454 84,550 83,792 82,137 82,477 82,702 82, ,350 60,621 61,286 62,208 62,017 62,138 63,015 63,643 65,023 66,552 66,929 67,639 68,369 69,628 70,459 70,614 71,833 73,091 74,455 75,770 77,347 78,057 76,347 77,402 77,447 11,634-78,234 80,887 80,964 80,203 78,546 78,874 79,185 79,118 57,039 58,344 57,649 58,920 59,962 60,254 61,181 60,110 62,171 63,802 64,071 63,036 64,630 65,778 65,746 66,702 67,762 69,305 71,088 72,895 74,372 75,338 73?273 74;114 74,517 75,143 74,931 77,273 77,746 77,432 75,939 76,364 76,609 76,700 7,891 7,629 7,656 7,160 6,726 6,501 6,261 6,206 6,449 6,283 5,947 5, ,903,724,517,123,450 5,565 5,458 5,200 4,944 4,687 4,523 4,361 3,979 3,844 3,545 3,366 3,462 3,537 3,851 3,996 4,516 4,476 4,107 3,838 3,767 3,607 3,279 49,148 50,713 49,990 51,760 53,239 53,753 54,922 59,065 60,318 60,546 61,759 63,076 64,782 66,726 68,915 70,527 71,793 69,908 70,653 70,980 71,292 71,935 72,757 73,270 73,325 72,103 72,596 73,001 73,421 44,200 43,990 42,230 39,100 38,590 40,230 45,550 45,850 2,311 2,276 3,637 3,288 2,055 1,883 1,834 3,532 2,852 2,750 2,859 4,602 3,740 3,852 4,714 3,911 4,070 3,786 3,366 2,875 2,975 2,719 3,074 3,288 2,929 2,491 2,303 3,614 3,217 2,772 2,606 2,511 2,577 2, ,477 42,447 42,708 42,787 42,604 43,093 44,041 44,678 44,660 44,402 45,336 46,088 46,960 47,617 48,312 49,539 50,583 51,394 52,058 52,288 52,527 52,879 54,765 53,876 53,965 53,919 53,479 50,986 51,088 52,047 53,900 53,744 53,718 54,001 Digitized for FRASER

28 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 2: Employment status of the noninstitotional population 16 years and over by sex, 1947 to date (In thousands) Year, month, and sex Total noninstitutional population Total labor force of popula- Civilian labor force Employed Total Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Season - ally adjusted MALE " ' : : December. : Tune Tuly August... September October.. November. December. FEMALE I : December.. : Tune July August... September. October... November.. December,. 50,968 51,439 51,922 52,352 52,788 53,248 54,248 54,706 55,122 55,547 56,082 56,640 57,312 58,144 58,826 59,626 60,627 61,556 62,473 63,351 64,316 64,824 65,287 65,379 65,472 65,562 65,646 65,738 65,829 52,450 53,088 53,689 54,293 54,933 55,575 56,353 56,965 57,610 58,264 58,983 59,723 60,569 61,615 62,517 63,355 64,527 65,668 66,763 67,829 69,003 69,582 70,153 70,260 70,367 70,435 70,575 70,683 70,790 44,258 44,729 45,097 45,446 46,063 46,416 47,131 47,275 47,488 47,914 47,964 48,126 48,405 48,870 49,193 49,395 49,835 50,387 50,946 51,560 52,398 52,155 54,665 55,021 54,709 52,879 52,817 52,678 52,745 16,683 17,351 17,806 18,412 19,054 19,314 19,429 19,718 20,584 21,495 21,765 22,149 22,516 23,272 23,838 24,047 24,736 25,443 26,232 27,333 28,395 29,372 29,788 29,529 29,083 29,257 29,660 30,024 29, ,686 43,286 43,498 43,819 43,001 42,869 43,633 43,965 44,475 45,091 45,197 45,521 45,886 46,388 46,653 46,600 47,129 47,679 48,255 48,471 48,987 48,721 51,137 51,473 51,159 49,327 49,253 49,198 49,283 16,664 17,335 17,788 18,389 19,016 19,269 19,382 19,678 20,548 21,461 21,732 22,118 22,483 23,240 23,806 24,014 24,704 25,412 26,200 27,299 28,360 29,337 29,750 29,490 29,044 29,219 29,621 29,987 29,835 40,994 41,726 40,926 41,580 41,780 41,684 42,431 41,620 42,621 43,380 43,357 42,423 43,466 43,904 43,656 44,177 44,657 45,474 46,340 46,919 47,479 47,250 49,363 49,925 49,850 48,172 48,074 47,969 48,000 16,045 16,618 16,723 17,340 18,182 18,570 18,750 18,490 19,550 20,422 20,714 2p,613 21,164 21,874 22,090 22,525 23,105 23,831 24,748 25,976 26,893 28,088 27,910 27,821 27,582 27,767 28,289 28,639 28,699 6,643 6,358 6,342 6,001 5,533 5,389 5,253 5,200 5,265 5,039 4,324 4,596 4,532 4,472 4,298 4,069 3,809 3,691 3,547 3,243 3,164 2,954 3,607 3,614 3,351 3,136 3,046 2,962 2,758 1,248 1,271 1,314 1,159 1,193 1,112 1,008 1,006 1,184 1,244 1, , ,351 35,368 34,584 35,578 36,248 36,294 37,178 36,418 37,357 38,340 38,532 37,827 38,934 39,431 39,359 40,108 40,849 41,782 42,792 43,675 44,315 44,296 45,756 46,311 46,499 45,036 45,029 45,007 45,242 14,797 15,347 15,409 16,182 16,990 17,459 17,744 17,486 18,367 19,17*7 19,591 19,623 20,131 20,887 21,187 21,651 22,227 23,000 23,934 25,240 26,212 27,497 27,001 26,959 26,826 27,067 27,568 27,994 28,179 1,692 1,559 2,572 2,239 1,221 1,185 1,202 2,344 1,854 1,711 1,841 3,098 2,420 2,486 2,997 2,423 2,472 2,205 1,914 1,551 1,508 1,471 1,775 1,548 1,309 1,155 1,179 1,229 1, ,065 1, , ,039 1,018 1,504 1,320 1,366 1,717 1,488 1,598 1,581 1,452 1,324 1,468 1,249 1,839 1,669 1,463 1,452 1,332 1,347 1, Digitized for FRASER

29 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color December (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Unemployed Age, sex, and color Number Percent of population Total Employed Number Percent labor force Total Keeping house Going to school Unable to work Other reasons MALE 18 and 19 years 52,745 6,690 3,825 1,517 2, ,283 5,178 3,402 1,491 1,911 48,000 4,675 2,992 1,270 1,722 1, ,084 4,183 3,437 2,197 1, ,430 3,887 3,224 2,106 1,117 1, , to 29 years 30 to 34 years to 39 years 40 to 44 years 50 to 54 years... 46,817 6,813 32,973 6,194 5,322 5,349 5,693 5,532 4, ,778 5,037 31,714 5,735 5,007 5,066 5,583 5,463 4,860 42,964 4,826 31,233 5,624 4,921 5,018 5,515 5,365 4, ,803 1,197 1, , , years and over 7,030 4,109 2,921 2,103 1, ,026 4,105 2,921 2,103 1, ,905 4,039 2,866 2,044 1, , ,844 1,697 4, ,161 1,520 3,642 WHITE MALE 47,465 5,899 3,370 1,353 2, ,358 4,523 2,984 1,329 1,655 43,307 4,118 2,651 1,150 1,501 1, ,537 3,597 2,940 1,871 1, ,860 3,375 2,779 1, , , to 24 vears 42,161 6,016 29,694 10,279 9,940 9, ,440 4,408 28,583 9,603 9,590 9,390 38,771 4,239 28,196 9,443 9,503 9, ,247 1, , , ,451 3,767 2,684 1, ,447 3,764 2,684 1,934 6,337 3,702 2,635 1, , , ,780 NONWHITE MALE 18 and 19 vears 5, , , , , ,279 1,237 1, , ,130 1,140 1, , ,039 1,102 1,

30 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color Continued December (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Unemployed Not in labor force Age, sex, and color Percent of population Total Employed Percent of labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 29,873 4,834 2,821 1,121 1, ,835 4,813 2,811 1,121 1,691 28,699 4,385 2, ,530 1, ,917 5,804 4,268 2,498 1,770 34,740 1, ,206 3,907 3,390 2,260 1, to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 25,981 4,414 17,575 2,910 2,393 2,765 3,221 3,335 2, ,953 4,397 17,565 2,906 2,391 2,763 3,220 3,335 2,950 25,163 4,174 17,078 2,806 2,295 2,664 3,152 3,272 2, ,167 3,521 18,275 3,614 3,234 2,947 2,980 2,859 2,641 25,594 2,757 17,686 3,503 3,120 2,853 2,901 2,763 2, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 3,992 2,458 1,534 1, ,991 2,457 1,534 1, ,911 2,402 1,509 1, ,372 2,598 2,774 9,482 2,956 6,526 5,151 2,510 2,641 8,387 2,777 5, WHITE FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 26,070 4,271 2,522 1,016 1, ,036 4,253 2,513 1,016 1,497 25,169 3,939 2, , ,961 4,948 3,590 2,102 1,488 31,675 1, ,629 3,368 2,892 1, to 64 years 20 to 24 years. 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 22,572 3,830 15,165 4,482 5,114 5, ,547 3,816 15,155 4,476 5,111 5,568 21,950 3,660 14,784 4,335 4,981 5, ,615 3,119 16,564 6,176 5,377 5,010 23,262 2,434 16,075 5,989 5,232 4, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,576 2,188 1, ,576 2,188 1, ,506 2,139 1, ,932 2,387 2,545 8,756 4,753 2,319 2,435 7, NONWHITE FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years ;. 3, , , , , to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 3, , , , , , , , , , to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over

31 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 4: Labor force by age, sex, and color Civilian labor force Age, sex, and coloi Thousands of per; Participation rate Thousands of persons Participation rate MALE 16 years and over- 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years.. 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over,745,825,517,309,813,973,515,043,415,030,109,921,103 52,155 3,854 1,502 2,353 6,514 32,690 11,156 11,239 10,294 6,991 4,102 2,889 2, ,283 3,402 1,491 1,911 5,037 31,714 10,743 10,649 10,322 7,026 4,105 2,921 2,103 48,721 3,193 1,472 1,721 4,981 31,457 10,420 10,843 10,193 6,985 4,096 2,889 2, S WHITE MALE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 47,465 3,370 1,353 2,017 6,016 29,694 10,279 9,940 9,476 6,451 3,767 2,684 1,934 46,945 3,394 1,321 2,073 5,752 29,467 9,966 10,127 9,373 6,389 3,754 2,635 1, ,358 2,984 1,329 1,655 4,408 28,583 9,603 9,590 9,390 6,447 3,764 2,684 1,934 43,818 2,782 1,293 1,489 4,352 28,356 9,310 9,768 9,278 6,384 3,749 2,635 1, NONWHITE MALE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 5, ,279 1,237 1, , ,223 1,190 1, , ,130 1,140 1, , ,100 1,110 1, , 45, 33, 59 82, 92, 94, 93,

32 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 4: Labor force by age, sex, and color Continued Total labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and color Thousands of persons Participation rate Thousands of persons Participation rate FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over,873,821,121,700,414,575,303,987,286,992,458,534,071 29,372 2,851 1,068 1,782 4,240 17,360 5,141 6,044 6,175 3,905 2,363 1,542 1, ,835 2,811 1,121 1,691 4,397 17,565 5,297 5,983 6,284 3,991 2,457 1,534 1,071 29,337 2,840 1,068 1,772 4,226 17,349 5,135 6,040 6,173 3,905 2,363 1,542 1, WHITE FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over,070,522,016,505,830,165,482,114,569,576,188, ,554 2, ,556 3,710 14,901 4,268 5,168 5,465 3,509 2,108 1, ,036 2,513 1,016 1,497 3,816 15,155 4,476 5,111 5,568 3,576 2,188 1, ,522 2, ,547 3,697 14,891 4,263 5,165 5,464 3,509 2,108 1, NONWHITE FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3, , , , , , , ,

33 33 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 5: Employment status of persons years of age in the noninstitutional population by color and sex December ^ (in thousandsv Total Employment status Both sexes Female Both, sexes Female Both sexes Female Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work Not in labor force Major activity: going t > school Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work Not in labor force Major activity: other Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work.... Not in labor force.. - 2i,5ip 11, ,991 9, , ,987 4,038 3, , ,794 5,954 5, , ,194 10,873 6, ,178 4, , ,183 2,389 2, , llo ,887 2,790 2, , ,638 4, ,813 4, , ,804 1,649 1, , ,907 3,164 2, , ,897 18,714 10, ,775 8, , ,545 3,693 3, , ,743 5,082 4, , ,802 9,496 5, ,523 4, , ,597 2,180 1, , ,375 2,343 2, , ,218 4, ,253 3, , ,948 1,514 1, , ,368 2,739 2, , o ,579 2,796 1, ,216 1, , ,051 A- 6: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by color, age, and sex Employment status and color TOTAL Total noninstitutional population... Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture... Unemployed Percent of labor force. Not in labor force WHITE Total noninstitutional population.. Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Agriculture Nonagri cultural industries Unemploved Percent of labor force Nor in lnhnr fnrr*** 136,619 82, ,118 76,700 3,279 73,421 2,419 54, ,032 73, ,394 68,476 2,969 65,507 1,917 48,498 To tal (In thousands) Men, 20 years and over 134,405 81, ,057 75,338 3,545 71,793 2,719 52, ,155 72, ,339 67,193 3,140 64,053 2,146 47,656 58,567 48, ,881 45,008 2,559 42, ,647 52,692 44, ,374 40^656 2,307 38, ,597 57,683 48,300 8* 45,528 44,459 2,718 41,740 1,069 9,382 51,929 43, ,035 40,124 2,425 37, ,379 Women, and 63,701 27,052 42o5 27,024 26, , ,649 56,919 23, ^ 52*3 22, , , years 3ver 62,611 26, ,497 25, , ,089 55,987 23,o4o 4 23,017 22, , , ,351 1, o Both , ,214 5, , ,705 12,422 5, ,497 4, , ,530 1, kk sexes, years 14,111 6, ,033 5, , ,407 12,238 5, ,287 4, , ,330 NONWHITE Total noninstitutional population Total labor force... Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 14,587 9, ,725 8, , ,503 14,250 9, ,718 8,145 ko5 7, ,223 5,875 4, ,507 ^, , ,050 5,753 4, ,493 4, , ,004 6,782 3, ,501 3, , ,278 6,624 3, ,480 3,24o 75 3,l ,1^2 1, ,175 1, , O

34 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 7: Full- a n d p a r t - t i m e status of the civilian l a b o r f o r c e by a g e a n d sex December (In thousands) Full-time labor force Part-time labor force Age and sex Fullschedules' Employed Part time for economic reasons Unemployed (looking for full-time work) Percent of full-time labor force Employed on voluntary part dm el Unemployed (looking for part-time work) part-time labor force TOTAL 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and ovei 67,610 5,684 2, ,289 64,917 8,058 56,859 45,020 11,839 64,073 4,950 2, ,952 61,830 7,453 54,377 43,187 11,190 1, , , , , , ,508 4,308 3,521 2,208 1,313 7,987 1,377 6,611 4,258 2,352 10,757 3,805 3,050 1,894 1,155 7,707 1,302 6,404 4,136 2, MALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 45,153 2,804 1,417 43,735 4,403 39,332 31,215 8,117 43,216 2,420 1,159 42,057 4,109 37,948 30,238 7,710 1, ,131 2,374 1,985 2, , ,013 3,753 2,092 1,715 2, , FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 22,458 2,879 1,276 21,182 3,655 17,528 13,805 3,723 20,857 2,530 1,085 19,773 3,343 16,429 12,948 3, ,377 1,934 1,536 5, ,099 3,760 1,340 7,003 1,713 1,335 5, ,969 3,663 1, ' Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among full-time and part-time employed categories.

35 HOUSEHOLD DATA A- 8: Unemployed persons by age and sex Female Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over 1,283 1,471 1,136 1, to 19 years, 16 and 17 years, 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years, 25 years and over. 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over , Household head, 16 years and ovei 16 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over A- 9: Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color Female Marital status, age, and color Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. 1,283 1,471 1,136 1,249 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Z 5.8 Total, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) White, 16 years and over 1,051 1, Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) White, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Nonwhite, 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Nonwhite, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married)

36 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-10: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Occupation Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Male Total. White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers... Craftsmen and foremen Carpenters and other construction craftsmen All other Operatives Drivers and deliverymen All other Nonfarm laborers Construction laborers All other Service workers. Private household.. All other Farmers and farm laborers , k , , kl k.8 8.if k.k 2.k.8 l!8 k.o 3.k k.2 k.o l.k 5 k.k l 5 5* k.3.8 k.2 6.*8 9 (l) No previous work experience.. 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years, 2b years and over l/ Percent not shown where base is less than 100, A-11: Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Total. Industry Private wage and salary workers. Mining Construction Manufacturing,,,.. Durable goods Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment Motor vehicles and equipment All other transportation equipment Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products. Apparel and other finished textile products Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services All other service industries Agricultural wage and salary workers All other classes of workers No previous work experience i Percent distributioi _lgg$ / Percent not shown wiiere base is less tiian 100, Q6ft l.l Unemployment rates Male »5 6«4 k.k ^

37 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-12: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color Reason for unemployment Total unemployed Male, 20 years and over Dec, Female, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years White Nonwhite UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL Total unemployed, in thousands Lost last job # Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before 2, ,719 1, , , , Total unemployed, percent distribution Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Total unemployment rate. Job-loser rate, Job-leav.er rate Reentrant rate New entrant rate A-13: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age December (Percent distribution) Total unemployed Duration of unemployment Reason, sex, and age Thousands of persons. Percent Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Total, 16 years and over Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before... 2, Male, 20 years and over Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Female, 20 years and over. Lost last job Left last job Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Never worked before 'Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.

38 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-14: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Total Household head Duration of unemployment Thousands Percent di stribution Thousands Percent distribution Total 2,419 2, to 10 weeks. 11 to 14 weeks 1, , A-15: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status December Thousands of persons Sex, age, color, and marital status Total Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 15 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group Total 16 to 19 years 2, , Ma le 20 to 24 years 45 years and over 1, Female 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 1, White* Total Male 1,917 1, , Nonwhite* Total Male.. Female Male* Married wife present

39 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-16: U n e m p l o y e d p e r s o n s b y d u r a t i o n, o c c u p a t i o n, a n d i n d u s t r y o f l a s t j o b Occupation and industry OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and managerial Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods INDUSTRY * Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Public administration 577 Ik , Less thai 5 weeks Thousands of persons ^ to to 26 weeks ! weeks and No previous work experience Includes wage and salary workers only. 2 Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000. A-17: Employed persons by age and sex (In thousands) Less than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group (2) (2) 5 50 (2) (2) (2) weeks and over as a percent oi unemployed in group (2) (2) 10 1 (2) (2) Q (2) 17.1 All industries 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Nonagricultural industries 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Agriculture 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Age and type of industry 76,700 5,486 2,235 3,251 9,000 48,312 15,06 16,349 16,317 10,816 6,1+40 4,376 3,086 73,421 5,265 2,120 3,145 8,811 46,535 15,176 15,744 15,615 10,145 6,082 4,064 2,665 3, , ^ ,338 5,312 2,176 3,236 8,739 47,623 15,085 16,0 16,0*37 10,635 6,301 4,334 3,030 71,793 5,043 2,010 3,033 8,511 45,743 14,608 15,895 15,241 9,882 > 896 3,986 2,614 3, l , S3 48,000 2,992 1,270 1,722 4,826 31,233 10,545 10,533 10,156 6,905 4,039 2,866 2,044 45,242 2,793 1,172 1,621 4,677 29,792 10,158 10,045 9,589 6,324 m 1,657 2, , ,250 2,791 1,253 1,538 4,738 30,880 10,207 10,656 10,018 6,810 3,989 2,821 2,031 44,296 2,556 1,107 1,449 4,538 29,395 9,820 10,188 9,387 6,165 2^516 1,642 2, , ,699 2, ,530 4,174 17,078 5,101 5,816 6,161 3,911 2,402 1,509 1,042 28,179 2, ,524 4,134 16,744 5,018 5,699 6,026 3,822 2,347 1,475 1, H ,088 2, ,598 4,002 16,742 4,679 5,844 6,019 3,825 2,313 1, ,497 2, ,584 3,973 16,348 4,788 5,707 5,854 3,717 1^

40 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-18: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex (In thousands) Occupation Male, 20 years and over Female, 20 years and over Male, years Female, years _. Total. 76,700 75,338 45,008 44,459 26,205 25,568 2,992 2,791 2,494 2,521 White-collar workers. Professional and technical Medical and other health Teachers, except college Other professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Salaried workers Self-employed workers in retail trade.... Self-employed workers, except retail trade Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries... Other clerical workers Sales workers Retail trade. Other sales workers. Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Carpenters Construction craftsmen, except carpenters Mechanics and repairmen Metal craftsmen, except mechanics Other craftsmen and kindred workers... Foremen, not elsewhere classified Operatives Drivers and de liverymen Other operatives Durable goods manufacturing Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries Nonfarm laborers.. Construction... Manufacturing.. Other industries Service workers Private household workers Service workers, except private household. Protective service workers Waiters, cooks, and bartenders Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers. Farm laborers and foremen. Paid workers Unpaid family workers... 36,589 10,770 1,656 2,531 6,583 7,790 5,535 1,080 1,176 13,018 3,332 9,686 5,010 3,H5 1,895 27,730 10, ,651 1,274 1,966 1,510 l4,l42 2,552 11,590 4,672 3,907 3,on 3, l,06l 1,609 9,476 1,718 7, ,073 4,783 2,905 1,780 1, ,507 10,325 1,629 2,438 6,256 7,548 5,365 1,095 1,087 12,711 3,302 9,409 4,923 3,117 1,806 27,172 9, ,966 2,479 1,267 1,805 1,431 14,049 2,537 11,511 4,722 3,890 2,899 3,337 7H 1,079 1,546 9,428 1,821 7, ,037 4,657 3,233 1,908 1, ,752 6, ,148 6,501 4, ,004 3, ,094 2, ,602 21,114 9, ,842 2,536 1,240 1,746 1,408 8,893 2,337 6,555 3,153 1,612 1,790 2, ,098 2, , ,538 2,292 1, ,208 6, ,901 6,325 4, , ,092 2,1* ,574 20,903 9, ,931 2,375 1,233 1,637 1,333 8,919 2,321 6,598 3,197 1,665 1,736 2, ,119 2, , ,539 2,501 1, ,794 4,061 1,004 1,750 1,307 1, ,007 5,582 1,893 1, , , ,081 1,269 2, ,376 1,386 3, ,301 2, ,283 3, ,7H 1,232 1, ,279 2,936 5,343 1,873 1, , , ,032 1,291 1, ,319 1,427 3, ,302 2, , , k6k , , ,

41 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-19: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex (Percent distribution) Occupation group and color TOTAL Total employed (thousands) Percent 76,700 75,338 48,000 47,250 28,699 28,088 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers : Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen WHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent 68,476 67,193 43,307 42,587 25,169 24,606 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers , Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen NON WHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent 8, ,0 8,145 4,693 4,663 3,530 3,482 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers _ Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen Less than 0.05 percent.

42 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-20: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex December (In thousands) Monagncultural industries Agriculture Age and sex Total Wage and salary workers Private household workers Government Other Self employed Unpaid family workers Wage and salary workers Self employed Unpaid family workers Total 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years...,18 and 19 years to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years years and over.. 67,756 5,177 2,074 3,104 8,650 14,419 14,406 14,109 8,946 5,400 3,547 2,049 1, , ,412 2,452 2,743 2,756 1,801 1, ,961 4,379 1,664 2,715 7,141 11,784 11,420 11,009 6,734 4,096 2,638 1,494 5, ,222 1,364 1, , , in Male 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years to 64 years to 59 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 years and over. 41,312 2,742 1,145 1,597 4,588 9,645 9,087 8,533 5,460 3,250 2,210 1, , ,391 1,581 1, ,689 2,512 1,054 1,458 4,009 8,239 7,495 6,963 4,435 2,633 1,802 1,035 3, , , Female 16 to 19 years and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 64 years 55 to 59 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 years and over. 26,444 2, ,507 4,062 4,773 5,318 5,576 3,486 2,150 1, , , ,062 1,162 1, ,271 1, ,257 3,132 3,545 3,925 4,045 2,299 1, ,

43 HOUSEHOLD DATA A : E m p l o y e d p e r s o n s w i t h a j o b b u t not at w o r k b y r e a s o n, p a y s t a t u s, a n d s e x (In thousands) All industries Nonagricu Itural industries Reason not working Total,, 2 Pai d absence Wage and sa lary workers Unpaid absence Total Vacation Illness Bad weather 2, , , , , , , , , , , Illness Mole 1, , , , Female 1, , Excludes private household. Pay status not available separately for Bad weather and Industrial dispute; these categories are included in All other reasons. A-22: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work December Thousands of persons Percent distribution Hours of work All industries Non agricultural industries All industries Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Total at work, 1-34 hours 1-4 hours hours, hours hours 73,819 16, ,641 7,817 3,818 70,694 14, ,388 7,258 3,653 3,125 1, hours and over hours 40 hours 41 hours and over,, 41 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours 60 hours and over 57,811 4,823 29,562 23,426 10,107 7,376 5,943 55,708 4,625 29,273 21, ,964 5,060 2, , Average hours, total at work, Average hours, workers on full-time schedules

44 HOUSEHOLD DATA A - 2 3: P e r s o n s at w o r k h o u r s b y u s u a l s t a t u s a n d r e a s o n w o r k i n g p a r t - t i m e December (In thousands) All industri Nonagricultural industries Reasons working part time Usually work full time Usually work Total Usually work full time Usually work part time Total 16,009 4,962 11,046 14,987 4,544 10,442 Economic reasons Slack work Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment New job started during week Job terminated during -week Could find only part-time work 1,871 1, , , Other reasons Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work Vacation Illness Bad weather - Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday Full time for this job All other reasons 14,138 8, , ,148 1,290 3, , ,249 8,431 1, ,429 8, , ,101 1,179 3, , ,719 8, , Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons Worked 30 to 34 hours: Economic reasons Other reasons : 568 3, , , , , ,384 A-24: N o n a g r i c u l t u r a l w o r k e r s by full- or p a r t - t i m e status December Industry Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Percent distribution Total On full-time schedules 40 hours or less 41 to 48 hours 49 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules To ta,i' Wage and salary workers Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade.... Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Private households All other service Public administration 'Mining not shown separately but included in totals.

45 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-25: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age, sex, color, and marital status December On full-time schedules Age, sex, color and marital status Total work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total 40 hours or less 41 hours or more Average hours, total at work (In thousands) TOTAL Total, 16 years and over. 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and ovei 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 70,694 8,548 5,151 2,078 3,073 65,543 8,589 56,955 29,924 24,520 2,511 1, , , ,719 3,605 2,879 1,773 1,106 6,840 1,244 5,596 2,590 2, ,417 4,661 2, ,833 57,327 26*821 21,868 1,515 37,607 3,556 1, ,399 36,006 4,997 31,011 16,161 13, ,810 1, ,321 2,128 19,193 10,660 7, Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years, 16 and 47 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years, 25 years and over, 25 to 44 years, 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 43,519 4,313 2,733 1,146 1,587 40,786 4,574 36,212 19,542 15,113 1, ,209 1,947 1, , , ,551 2,221 1, ,507 3,898 34,610 19,002 14,577 1,032 22,115 1, ,382 2,327 19,057 10,045 8, , ,125 1,571 15,553 8,957 6, Females, 16 years and over I6,to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years «65 years and over Total White Male Female COLOR 27,175 '933 1,486 24,757 4,015 20,743 10,382 9, ,158 39,332 23, If ,217 6o ,509 1,658 1J *68 5, ,548 2,307 1, ,758 2,929 5,829 19, ,820 3,226 15,593 7,821 7, ,183 35,799 17,384 15,495 2 ' l ,625 2,670 11,955 6,118 5, ,963 19,498 13,^6 4,372 4, ,638 1,703 1, ,220 16,301 3, Total Nonwhite Male Female 7,537 4,187 3, ,236 3,753 2,483 4,647 2,618 2,029 1,589 1, » MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 34,450 2, ,128 33,025 1,995 4,532 17,741 1,250 3,125 15, , Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 15, , ,704 11,613 4,065 4,189 9,096 3,046 3,353 2,517 1,

46 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-25: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age. sex, color, and marital status Continued December On full-time schedules Age, sex, color and* marital status Total work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time 40 hours or less 41 hours or more (Percent distribution) TOTAL Total, 16 years and over. 16 to 21 years, 16 to 19 years and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 100, 100, 100, 100, , , 100, 100, 100, Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 and 19 years 16 and 17 years, 18 and 19 years.. 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over , , 100, 100, , 100, Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 100, 100, 100, , 100, 100, 100, , 100, COLOR Total White Male Female, Total Nonwhite Male Female MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) %

47 HOUSEHOLD DATA A : P e r s o n s a t w o r k in n o n f a r m o c c u p a t i o n s b y f u l l - o r p a r t - t i m e s t a t u s a n d s e x December Occupation group and sex Total at work On part time for On voluntary part time Total On full-time schedules 49 hours Average hours, Average hours, workers on full-time schedules (Thousands of persons) TOTAL White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers Sales workers. 35,425 10,507 7,532 12,583 4, ,994 1, ,206 1,253 30,137 9,196 7,215 10,259 3,467 18,537 5,460 2,866 8,295 1,917 4,447 1,382 1,204 1, ,153 2,354 3, Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 26,486 9,701 13,533 3, , ,802 9,166 12,129 2,507 15,414 5,696 7,916 1,802 4,483 1,778 2, ,905 1,692 1, Service workers Private household Other service workers 9,140 1,680 7, , ,021 5, ,188 3, , , MALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 18,815 6,490 6,313 3,320 2, , ,463 6,070 6,154 2,932 2,306 8,611 3,338 2,298 1,925 1,047 2, , ,863 1,806 2, Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 21,784 9,397 9,284 3, , ,804 8,900 8,504 2,399 12,119 5,482 4,908 1,729 3,910 1,736 1, ,775 1,682 1, Service workers Private household Other service workers 3, , , ,504 1, , FEMALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 16,610 4,017 1,219 9,263 2, , , ,675 3,126 1,058 7,328 1,162 9,928 2, , , , Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 4, , , , , , Service workers Private household Other service workers 5,943 1,647 4, , ,414 3, ,683 2, ,

48 HOUSEHOLD DATA A-26: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex--continued December Occupation group and sex Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total On full-time schedules 40 hours or less 41 to 48 hours 49 hours or more (Percent distribution) TOTAL White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers MALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers FEMALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and fpremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers

49 HOUSEHOLD DATA A : E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f y e a r - o l d s b y s e x a n d c o l o r December (In thousands) Total White Nonwhite Employment status Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Both sexes Male Female Civilian noninstitutional population ,749 3,924 3,825 6,675 3,391 3,284 1, Employed : 1,130 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , A : E m p l o y e d y e a r - o l d s b y s e x, m a j o r o c c u p a t i o n g r o u p, a n d c l a s s o f w o r k e r December.nds of persons Percent distribution Characteristics Both sexes Total CLASS OF WORKER 1, Nonagricultural industries Wage and salary workers Private household workers Government workers Other wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Agriculture Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Total OCCUPATION 1, White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors.. Clerical workers Sales workers, Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives, Nonfarm laborers Service workers..., Private household workers, Other service workers, Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen

50 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED, A : \ E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f t h e n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e a n d s e x, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) Employment status, age, and sex Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Total On part time for economic reasons Usually work full time 82,956 79,456 76,867 3,874 72,993 1, ,589 82,549 79,032 76,389 3,676 72,713 1, ,643 82,407 78,804 75,952 3,481 72,471 1, ,852 82,422 78,831 75,957 3,602 72,355 1, ,874 82,279 78,690 75,929 3,733 72,196 1,853 1, ,761 82,572 78,985 76,038 3,836 72,202 1, ,947 82,585 79,018 76,048 3,851 72,197 1,911 1, ,970 82,149 78,613 75,829 3,893 71,936 1, ,784 81,849 82,150 78,343 78,658 75,636 75,802 3,980 4,014 71,656 71,788 1,591 1, ,707 2,856 82,138 78,672 75,731 4,127 71,604 1, ,941 81,386 77,923 75,167 4,003 71,164 1, ,756 81,942 78,473 75,577 4,216 71,361 1, ,896 Men, 20 years and over Total labor force Civilian labor force Nonagricultural industries 49,176 48,871 46,137 45,816 45,313 44, ,736 42,534 42, ,914 45,785 44,753 2,636 42,117 1,032 48,963 45,845 44,835 2,688 42,147 1,010 49,013 45,896 44,907 2,770 42, ,998 45,931 44,921 2,856 42,065 1,010 48,926 45,923 44,858 2,845 42,013 1,065 48,689 45,713 44,742 2,855 41, ,618 45,716 44,758 2,877 41, ,632 45,792 44,783 2,892 41,891 1,009 48,678 48,538 45,909 45,770 44,842 44,740 2,955 2,931 41,887 41,809 1,067 1,030 48,555 45,783 44,775 2,951 41,824 1,008 Women, 20 years and over Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed , ,714 25, , ,496 25, , ,446 25, ,875 1,043 26,162 25, , ,393 25, ,798 1,029 26,297 25, , ,199 25, , ,918 24, , ,094 25, , ,070 25, ,346 1,034 25,810 24, ,119 1,008 26,348 25, ,448 1,075 Both sexes, years Civilian labor force 6, ,502 5, , ,523 5, , ,540 5, , ,632 5, , ,661 5, , ,798 5, , ,701 5, , ,709 5, , ,772 5, , ,693 5, , ,343 5, , ,342 5, , NOTE: Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series, detail for the household data shown in tables A-29 through A-35 will not necessarily add to totals.

51 A-30: E m p l o y m e n t status by color, sex, a n d a g e, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Characteristics Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan WHITE Total: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rat * Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed...' Unemployment rate Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 70,769 68,695 2,074 70,457 68,369 2,088 70,000 67,789 2,211 41,652 41,345 41,261 40,984 40,575 40, , ,313 22,979 22,565 22,591 22, ,123 67,848 2,275 41,322 40, ,976 22, ,871 67,630 2,241 41,385 40, ,691 21, ,995 67,655 2,340 41,369 40, ,831 22, ,105 67,761 2,344 22,785 22, ,609 67,415 2,194 41,350 41,042 40,454 40, ,672 21, ,560 67,437 2,123 41,137 40, ,531 21, ,892 67,654 2,238 41,268 40, ,652 21, ,959 67,655 2,304 41,419 40, ,616 21, ,355 67,154 2,201 41,260 40, ,467 21, ,686 67,391 2,295 41,295 40, ,812 21, Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,818 5, ,799 5, ,760 5, ,825 5, ,795 5, ,795 5, ,970 5, ,895 5, ,892 5, ,971 5, ,924 5, ,628 5, ,579 4, NONWHITE Total: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate,894,361 53' 6.C 8,674 8, ,601 7, ,509 7, ,728 8, ,859, ,802, ,837 8, ,815 8, ,919, ,819 8, ,639 8, ,892 8, Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 4,56 4, ,500 4, ,458 4, ,485 4, ,523 4, ,532 4, ,554 4, ,567 4, ,569 4, C 4,591 4, ,565 4, ,504 4, ,547 4, Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 3,547 3, ,443 3, ,417 3, ,346 3, ,397 3, ,479 3, ,460 3, ,484 3, ,427 3, ,478 3, ,486 3, ,386 3, ,527 3, Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate ,

52 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A : M a j o r u n e m p l o y m e n t i n d i c a t o r s, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (Unemployment rates) Selected categories ; Sept. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec, Total (all civilian workers).... Men, 20 years and over... Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, years White workers Nonwhite workers Married men Full-time workers Unemployed 15 weeks and over State insured* Labor force time lost 2.. OCCUPATION 1 6.0,k 3.* 1 6,5.k 2»3 I j 1! »9 1 k.o I 1 k I k k k.o k.o 3* ^ k.2 6.k 2.k k.o k.l 1 6 k.l White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical wtrkers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers. Farm workers.. k.2 k.3 2.k k.2 6 k l.ḳ 9 k.l 7.1 k.k k.2 7 k.o! I I i k.3 8 l.ḳ 8 k.2 k.k 7 lol k.o 6 k.3.8 k.k 6 2.k.8 k.k k.l 7.8 k.o k.3 k 7.2 k.k k.3 k 7.8 k.l k.3 l.k INDUSTRY Private wage and salary workers?.... Construction Manufacturing. Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government wage and salary workers.... Agricultural wage and salary workers... 2 O 8 k.l 6 3* k.o k o8 k.o k.l k.o k 5 k.l l.k 1, k.o k.o 6.3 l.k 3.k k.3 3.k k k.o k.l k.d n k.2 3o6 ^Insured unemployment under Stare programs as a percent of average covered employment. 2Man-hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force man-hours. 3lncludes mining, not shown separately.

53 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-32: U n e m p l o y e d persons by d u r a t i o n of u n e m p l o y m e n t, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d (In thousands) Duration of unemployment Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Less than 5 weeks 27 weeks and over 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , A-33: Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Age and sex Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Total, 16 years and over to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to' 24 years 25 to 54 years to 19 years and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over

54 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A-34: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Age and sex Sept, Aug. July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over TOTAL MALE FEMALE 76,867 76,389 75,952 T5,957 5,687 2,407 3,357 8,972 62,212 48,230 14,043 3,309 1,477 1,882 4,904 40,400 31,371,054 28,245 2, ,475 4,068 21,812 16,359 4,989 5,711 2,359 3,359 8,896 61,800 47,807 13,955 3,264 1,441 1,834 4,818 40,093 31,072 9,019 28,244 27,950 2, ,525 4,078 21,707 16,735 4,936 5,697 2,355 3,321 8,807 61,433 47,472 13,854 3,249 1,430 1,813 4,780 39,966 30,942 8,980 2, ,508 4,027 21,467 16,530 4,874 5,719 2,342 3,348 8,822 51,465 ^7,489 L3,828 48,622 48,145 48,002 ^8,079 3,244 1,431 1,807 4,815 ^0,018 31,002 2, l,54l 4,007 51,447 16,487 4,930 75,929 76,038 76,048 75,829 75,636 75,802 75,731 75,167 5,837 2,403 3,410 8,791 61,285 47,418 13,839 48,216 48,160 48,111 48,017 48,083 48,059 48,056 47,790 3,309 1,459 1,833 4,809 40,123 31,044 9,064 27,713 27,878 27,937 27,812 27,553 27,743 27,675 27,377 2, ,577 3,982 21,3^2 16,374 4,775 5,753 2,402 3,322 8,891 61,361 47,456 13,814 3,239 1,433 1,790 4,850 40,077 31,042 9,021 2, ,532 4,o4l 21,284 16,414 4,793 5,875 2,475 3,371 8,700 61,443 47,518 13,908 3,253 1,454 1,786 4,787 40,078 30,998 9,044 2,622 1,021 1,585 3,913 21,365 16,520 4,864 5,855 2,4l4 3,406 8,646 61,339 47,528 13,765 3,275 1,447 1,798 4,730 39,960 30,995 8,967 2, ,608 3,916 21,379 16,533 4,798 5,909 2,440 3,456 8,649 61,088 47,396 13,667 3,325 1,468 1,844 4,776 40,017 31,038 8,921 2, ,612 3,873 21,071 16,358 4,746 5,891 2,469 3,479 8,653 61,250 47,615 13,718 3,276 1,499 1,824 4,791 40,004 31,123 8,921 2, ,655 3,862 21,246 16,492 4,797 5,853 2,467 3,389 8,676 61,203 47,538 13,715 3,214 1,501 1,735 4,844 40,000 31,084 8,931 2, ,654 3,832 21,203 16,454 4,784 5,625 2,319 3,328 8,682 60,847 47,365 13,604 3,050 1,414 1,661 4,843 39,891 31,031 8,901 2, ,667 3,839 20,956 16,334 4,703 75,577 5,529 2,346 3,222 8,720 61,337 47,544 13,802 47,885 3,H0 1,457 1,681 4,826 39,945 31,015 8,944 27,692 2, ,541 3,894 21,392 16,529 4,858 A-35: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Occupation group Sept. Aug. July May Apr. Feb. Jazio Deco White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers, Sales workers, Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives, Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farmers and farm laborers, 35,799 10,416 7,782 12,966 4,635 28,171 10,337 ^,156 3,678 9,493 3^5 36,100 10,561 7,884 12,944 4,711 27,551 10,120 13,883 3,5^8 9,482 3,334 35,937 10,360 8,003 12,925 4,649 27,455 9,979 14,002 3,474 9,389 3,H4 35,919 10,401 7,978 12,865 ^,675 27,481 9,907 13,969 3,605 9,319 3,283 35,675 10,346 7,917 12,667 4,745 27,559 9,908 14,011 3,61*0 9,418 3,372 35,745 10,k6k 7,751 12,851 4,679 27,467 9,977 13,835 3,655 9,310 3,485 35,525 10,339 7,607 12,887 4,692 27,673 9,953 14,065 3,655 9,496 3,496 35,533 10,396 7,655 12,844 4,636 27,357 9,927 13,867 3,563 9,411 3,520 35,257 10,& 7,667 12,69*1 4,612 27,350 10,040 13,865 3,445 9,177 3,647 35,234 10,236 7,719 12,654 4,625 27,418 10,000 13,967 3,451 9,4O6 3,690 35,135 10,121 7,697 12,708 4,609 27,485 10,071 13,983 3,431 9,396 34,777 9,991 7,656 12,643 4,487 27,265 9,967 13,852 3,446 9,292 3,645 34,739 9,985 7,540 12,660 4,554 27,600 9,945 14,063 3,592 9,438 3,880

55 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT B-1: Employees on nonagrieulturctl payrolls, by industry division 1919 to date (In Aousanda) Ytu aad aoock Coo tract astro tioo Manufacturing Tma.porcauon and public utilities Wholesale and mail uade Total Wholesale Retail Piaaace, Total Federal Seal* aod local k >* fcO 19*1 19te 19>*3 19** 19*5 191*6 19*7 191* * , * I * I967: December, J January.. February. March... April... May June... July August.. September October.. November. December. 28,040 26,776 29,619 29,976 30,000 31,339 29,*** 26, *9 23,628 23,711 25,953 27,053 29,082 31,026 29,209 30,618 32,376 36,551* 1*0,125 1*2,1*52 1*1,883 UO,39l* 1*1,67** 1*3,881 1*4,891 1*3,778 1*5,222 1*7,81*9 U8,825 50,232 1*9,022 50,675 52,UO8 52,891* 51,363 53,313 51*, 231* 54,042 55,596 56,702 58,332 60,832 64,034 66,030 68,134 67,903 66,017 66,393 66,713 67,422 67,721* 68,724 68,327 68,508 68,923 69,292 69,551 70,012 1, ,212 1,101 1,089 1,185 1,11* 1,050 1,067 1, ** *6 1, * * , ,012 1,165 1,229 #5 #5 1,606 1,1*97 1,372 1,211* ,11*5 1,112 1,055 2,612 2,802 2,999 2,923 2,778 2 '2? 2,885 2,816 2,902 2,963 3,050 3,186 3,275 3,203 3,256 3,13"* 2,771 2,893 2,967 3,157 3,255 3,387 3,498 3,553 3,515 3,498 3,368 3,209 10,659 10,658 8,257 9,ia> 10,300 9,671 9,939 10,156 10,001 9,9*7 10,702 9,562 8,170 6,93PL 7,397 8,501 9,069 9,827 1O,79»* 9,**0 1,150 1,29* 1,790 2,170 1,567 1,09* 1,132 1,661 1,982 2,169 2,165 2,333 2,603 2,63* 2,623 10,278 10,985 13,192 15,280 17,602 17,326 15,52* 15', 5*5 15,582 li*,l*l*l 15*21*1 16,393 16,632 17,5*9 16, SU 16,882 17,21*3 17,17** 15,9*5 16,675 16,796 16,326 16,853 16,995 17,274 18,062 19,214 19A31* 19,734 19,609 19,398 19,425 19,447 19,507 19,569 19,897 19,729 19,884 20,023 19,999 19,998 19,936 3,711 3,998 3>59 3,505 3,807 3,826 3,9*2 3,895 3,826 3 '& 3,685 3,251* 2,816 2,672 2,750 2,786 2,973 3,1* 2,863 2,936 3,038 & 3,0*7 3,829 3,906 l*,06l 4,166 1*,189 l*,001 *,03* 1*,226 4,246!*,290 l*,08«* 1*,11*1 4,244 i*,a»*i 3,976 i*,on i*,cx* 3,903 3,906 3,903 3,951 4,036 4,151 *,271 4,346 4,3H 4,252 4,264 4,276 4,296 4,268 4,375 4,394 4,410 4,417 4,400 4,4l6 ^378 *,51* *,*67 *,589 *,9O3 5,290 5,*O7 6,123 5,797 5,2* 1*,683 *,755 5,281 5,* 5,809 6,265 6,179 6,1*26 6,750 7,210 7,118 6,982 7,058 I' 311? 8,376 8,955 9,272 9,26»* 9,386 9,7*2 10,004 10,21*7 10, ' ,858 10,886 10,750 11,127 11,391 U-,337 U,566 11,776 12,160 12,716 13,245 13,613 14,115 14,618 13,602 13,585 13,658 13,910 13,959 14,139 14,112 14,141 14,208 14,328 14,567 15,167 1,68k 1,75* 1,873 1,821 1,7*1 1,762 1,862 2,190 2,361 2,1*89 2,1*87 2,518 2,606 2,687 2,727 2,739 2^893 2,81*6 2,91*6 3,004 2,993 3,056 3,10* 3,189 3,312 3,*37 3,538 3,668 3,620 3,564 3,572 3,581 3,594 3,607 3,690 3,717 3,727 3,713 3,738 3,756 3,759 1*,7*2 *,996 5,338 5,297 5,3*1 5,296 5,*52 6,186 6,595 6,783 6,778 6,868 7,136 7,33-7 7,520 7,96 7,7*0 7,97* 7,992 7,902 8,182 8,388 8,3"** 8,675 8,971 9,404 9,808 10,074 10,447 10,998 10,038 10,013 10,077 10,316 10,352 10,449 10,395 10,414 10,1*95 10,590 10,811 n'4o8 1,111 1,175 1,163 1,1k* 1,190 1,231 1,233 1,55 1,367 1,*35 1,509 1,*75 1,1*07 1,3*1 1,295 1,3 l',*32 1,*25 1,1*62 1,502 1,5*9 1,538 1,502 1,*76 1,*97 1,697 1,75* 1,829 1,857 1,919 1,991 2,069 2,146 2,23* 2,335 2,*29 2,1*77 2,519 2,59* 2,669 2,731 2,800 2,877 2,957 3,023 3,100 3,217 3,357 3,269 3,252 3,271 3,288 3,310 3,327 3,365 3,407 3,430 3,397 3,^4 3,*H 3,420 2,263 2,362 2,1*12 2 '? 2,60* 2,782 2,869 3,0*6 3,168 3,265 3,**0 3,376 3,183 2,931 2,673 3,056 3,1*2 3,326 3,518 3,*73 3 '%7 3,681 3,921 l*,084 l*,ll*8 *,163 4,241 *,719 5,050 5,206 5,264 5,382 5,576 5,730 5,867 6,002 6,27* 6,806 7,130 7,423 7,664 8,028 8,325 8,709 9,087 9,551 10,060 10,504 10,223 10,124 10,228 10,290 10,402 10,488 10,634 10,687 10,675 10,587 10,631 10,642 10^661 2,676 2,603 2,526 2,538 2,607 2,720 2,800 2,8»*6 2,915 2,995 3,065 3,1*6 3,20* 3,225 3,166 3,299 3,*ai 3,666 3,863 3,995 4,202 4,660 5,*83 6,060 6,0*3 5,9** 5,595 5,*7* 5,650 5,856 6,026 6,389 6,609 6,645 6,751 6,91* i,zn 7,616 7,839 8,083 8,59* 8,890 9,225 9,596 10,091 10,871 11,616 12,198 12,137 12,028 12,136 12,193 12,214 12,227 12,280 11,848 11,762 12,130 12,439 12,512 12, ,3*0 2,213 2,905 2,928 2,808 2,25* 1,892 1,863 1,908 1,928 2,302 2,420 2,305 2,188 2,167 2,20f 2,217 2,191 2,233 2,270 2,279 2,3»*O 2,358 2,3*6 M 2,719 2,736 2,819 2,697 2,697 2,699 2,712 2,710 2,815 2,844 2,795 2,705 2,691* 2,532 2,622 2,70* 2,666 2,601 2,0*7 2,728 2,61*2 2,923 3,05* 3,090 3,206 3,320 3,270 3,17* 3,116 3,137 3,3*1 3,562 3,787 3,9*6 *,O98 *,O87 4,186 *,3*0 *,563 *,727 5,069 5,399 5,61*8 5,850 6,063 6,315 ; 7,249,7ii*,307 8,897 9,462 9,318 9,331 9,*39 9,^ 9,502 9,517 9,465 9,004 8,967 9,425 9,7^5 NOTE: Dan iaclnd* Alaaka aad Hawaii begiaaiac TU0 iaclwioa has main* ia aa iactcaa* of 2100 (0.4 pmcaac) ia (b«aoaa«ric«lc«al total f«t cba Macca 19)9 bcacfaaatfc Daw for cac 2 aws<raccatboatbe aw preliauaary and annual averages are preliminary. Digitized for FRASER

56 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry (In thousands) Industry All employees Production workers * TOTAL PRIVATE SECTOR MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores ,012 57, ,551 57, k.k 36 69,292 56, ,903 55, ,397 55, , , , , , COAL MINING. Bituminous coal and lignite mining OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields... Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone. Sand and gravel. ««* , CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 3,209 3,368 3,498 3,134 3,307 2,704 2,859 2,984 2,636 2,808 GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS , , HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS.. Highway and street construction Heavy construction, nee OO O SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning... Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Roofing and sheet metal work, 1, , , , , , , : HO.k , MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS 19,936 11,714 8,222 19,998 11,721 8,277 19,999 11,663 8,336 19,609 11,525 8,084 19,660 11,534 8,126 14,657 8,536 6,121 14,720 8,552 6,168 14,718 8,497 6,221 14,425 8,422 6,003 14,^89 8,440 6,049 Durable Goods ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms... Complete guided missiles Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee I89 l40.it * LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps & logging contractors. Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general. Millwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates... Miscellaneous wood products ~ O I ' I " , ~2l O 70.2 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

57 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2: Employees on nortagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry 1Q68 (In thousands) All employees NOV. Production workers * ,9 Durable Goods Continued FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings...'... Office furniture. Partitions and fixtures....- Other furniture and fixtures 490 3^ , , , STONE,CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS... Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown... Glass containers. Pressed and blown glass, nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products... Other stone and nonmetallic mine/alproducts Abrasive products PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast 'furnace and basic steel products... Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating.. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings 6k , L , * O 65«O , I , , , O , " I8, L IO I8 1, ^ , ,3, , , ,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods.. Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings, , , I IO , , I , H 1, O I , , , See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

58 ESTABLISHMENT DATA 58 EMPLOYMENT B-2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued SIC Code , , , , , , Industry Durable Goods-Continued MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines. Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.. «Industrial trucks and tractors Metal working machinery.... > Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs, & fixtures... Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery... Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors... Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans... Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers.. Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric test & distributing equipment.... Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus... Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment... Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment.. Electronic components and accessories... Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies... Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories... Trudk trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing 1, ^ ^ 1, , (In thousands) All employees 1, , O , , , H , See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. 1,940 IO O , , , I O , O O , J 1, < 185, 1, , , I , , H8.3 Production workers 1 1, , , , I o!l , , , , ,

59 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (In thousands) All employees Durable Goods Continued , , RANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT-Continued Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment.... Other transportation equipment... INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.. Engineering & scientific instruments... Mechanical measuring & control devices. Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches, clocks, and watchcases IO ! O 38.O ,8,9 393 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware.... Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles.. Sporting and athletic goods, nee... Pens, pencils, office, and art supplies.. Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries, Musical instruments and parts ', I O Nondurable Goods ,6 2032, FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats.. Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk.: Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods. Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products.. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products... Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products... Confectionery products Beverages. Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES: Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS v. Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills., I , , L See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. 1, O O 3 1, O , ,18 27 H , , * , I ,

60 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2: Employees on nonagricultura! payrolls, by industry-continued (In thousands) SIC Code Industry All employees Production worker Nondurable Goods Continued , , ,2, , ,6,7, , ,2 286, ,9 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS-Continued Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHERTEXTILE PRODUCTS.. Men's and boys' suits and coats,. Men's and boys' furnishings. Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear... Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses'blouses andwaists. Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats.. * Women's and misses' outerwear, nee.. Women's and children's undergarments... Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel... Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.... Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes.... Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes... Sanitary food containers PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books. Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic.. Commercial printing, lithographic Blankbooks and bookbinding.. «Other publishing & printing ind, CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.... Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee... Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee... Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only... Other chemical products Explosives... PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS... Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products , ^ I , ,039.^ I85 1^ I 1,^ ^.3 I87.O , II , O O ^ , , ^ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary I , I8O , ,01 3L ^ , o , , H ,25 33 _ ! , ^ HO 67 1, b ^ 37.1 II , ^ ^ ^ ^ I I 1,239 n4.o ^ n , ^ O I H

61 B-2s Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT (In thousands) SIC Code Industry All employees Production workers * Dec ,3, ,3,5-7, Nondurable Goods Continued RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC Tires and inner tubes.... Other rubber products.. Rubber footwear Miscellaneous plastics products, LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS... Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods H O 21* O.O *.l * I * *53.O O , *.l TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES *,378 4,4l6 4,1+00 4,311 *, RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION. Class I railroads * , , , LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT. Local and suburban transportation... Taxicabs. Intercity highway transportation... TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals '... Public warehousing TRANSPORTATION BY AIR Air transportation PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION OTHER TRANSPORTATION AND SERVICES WATER TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION SERVICES COMMUNICATION. Telephone communication, Telegraph communication^ Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems... Gas companies and systems... Combination companies and systems... Water, steam, & sanitary systems WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment... Drugs, chemicals, and allied products...". Dry goods and apparel... e Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment... Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous wholesalers RETAIL TRADE RETAIL GENERAL MERCHANDISE Department stores,... Mail order houses * Variety stores FOOD STORES. Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores 15,167 3,759 11, to. 5 1, , * it, 56? 3, * ,22 10,811 2, ,52 11*6 352.* 1,69 1, , *6, , O 3 * *7-7 14,328 3, O I65.O 72 1,22 10,590 2, , ,668 l,*9* , * * * 14,618 3, , ,998 2,619 1, ,640 l,* , * I *.O * ,017 3, O 1,186 10,401 2,25 1, * 1,59 1, ,586 3,169 10,417 7 " *ll 13,000 3, * , ,832 2,15 1, ,58 1, ,9 12,744 3,1* ,024 9,595 1, , it 3l*.8 1,5*.1, * ,087 3, * * ,042 2, , ,52 1, ,500 3, ,454 2, ,36 1* ,47 1,3H.2 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

62 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2: Employees on non agricultural payrolls, by industry-continued Industry (In thousands) All employees NOV. Production workers 1 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE (Continued) APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES... Men's&boys' clothing& furnishings Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES Furniture and home furnishings. EATING AND DRINKING PLACES.... OTHER RETAIL TRADE Building materials and farm equipment.. Automotive dealers & service stations.. Motor vehicle dealers.. Other automotive & accessory dealers.. Gasoline service stations. Miscellaneous retail stores Drug stores and proprietary stores... Book and stationery stores Farm and garden supply stores. Fuel and ice dealers ,316.I 3, , , ,369 3, , , , , , , H n4.o ,200 3, , , H ,16 2, _ ,215 2, _ ,038 2, _ , , FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 4 Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions Security, commodity brokers & services.... Insurance carriers Life insurance Accident and health insurance.... Fire, marine, and casualty insurance... Insurance agents, brokers, and service... Real estate Subdividers and developers Operative builders Other finance, insurance, & real estate... SERVICES Hotels and other lodging places Hotels, tourist courts, and motels Personal services Laundries and dry cleaning plants Photographic studios ' Miscellaneous business services Advertising Credit reporting and collection Services to buildings Miscellaneous -repair services Motion pictures. Motion picture filming & distributing.... Motion picture theaters and services Medical and other health services Hospitals Legal services Educational services Elementary arid secondary schools Colleges and universities Miscellaneous services Engineering & architectural services Nonprofit research agencies 3,420 3, I 79 10,661 10, , ,74 1, , , ,73 1, , , , , , I , , , , I , O 60 1, , , , , , , , , , , , ^ ,715 2, _ , , _ , 2, _79.l _

63 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B-2: Employes on noncr^ricultural payrolls, by industry-continued SIC Code Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers * 92,93 GOVERNMENT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 5., Executive Department of Defense.. Post Office Department. Other agencies Legislative Judicial 12,604 2,756 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. 9,848 State government State education Other State government Local government... Local education Other local government 12,512 2,703 2,667 1, ,527 1,04 1, ,28 4,24 3, ,439 2,694 2,658 1,09 7H ,745 2,499 1,017 1,48 7,24 4,22 3,020 12,137 2,819 2,78 1, , ,426 6,91 4,02 2, ,011 2,709 2, , ,302 2,4l8.l ,42 6,88 3, ,88 *Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate} transportation and public utilities; and services. Transportation and public utilities, and services are included in Total Private but are not shown separately in this table. 2 Beginning January 1965, data relate to railroads with operating revenue* of $5,000,000 or more. D&t& for oofistipcrvisory WOTKCTS exclude xncttcngers* *Data for nonoffice salesmen excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this division. 5 Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies. Not available. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

64 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-4: Indexes of employment on nonagricuitural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted =100 Year and month TOTAL Contract tttriflg Tmnapor cation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Total Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, inaurance, and real Services Total Federal State local " 192* * *2. 19* *5 19J6. 19*7.»8 19* * I960-? * *!".'.'.!! 1... I967: December. I968: January. February March, April. May... June.. July.. August Septembei October November December 5 5 *6.* *9.2 5*.l 53.* 5* * * *9.* 5 55.* * * ina * * 1*3*0 1*1.* 15 1** 136.* 1* * til $6 U* ' * *.O JL7.O ,6 IL *.* l.lt ,1 8I O * * * * *7 * 3 28, f 36 6* * *7 7 S » * * * *9.2 *1 C 8 ** 5 5* O *.* II U * * * I 6$ * * * * *.l 1O*.O * IO6.3 IO ,3 *0 * ** *8.* * *.l 5 5 ai *8.* * * k * 8* % 5* * * *.2 9* H H * 8* * 96.* 99.* , *7.o *8 *8.J 5 5*.o * * * I * * * M * ** 45-9 *7.* *9 *9.0 * *!.*? **.* * * 5 53.* * ' I 87.O 9 9* *.l * *o.i ki *i.l *0.* * **.* * *7 * * * * 8* C 2 8* S O * 3*.O * *0 * 6O *.l O*.O *.l *6 *6.0 *7.0 *&* *.2 5* 56 5f * *.* H tf.o I63.O I I bench*** sonth. as resulted i of 212,000 (0.4 psrcent) in the aeaegric tan! total the March W 9 Dmm for the 2 nost recent aonths are preliaiaasy, and annual averages are preliminary. Digitized for FRASER

65 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-5: Employees on nonagrkultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Industry division and group Sept. Aug. July Jfey_ Apr. Feb. TOTAL 69,186 68,920 68,701 68,382 68,314 68,170 68,039 67,792 67,755 67,656 67,600 67,058 67,060 MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, 3,353 3,273 3,285 3,252 3,195 3,189 3,174 3,245 3,313 3,330 3,107 3,275 MANUFACTURING 19,918 19,854 19,807 19,755 19,748 19,776 19,777 19,693 19,657 19,607 19,612 19,612 19,593 DURABLE GOODS 11,685 11,647 11,603 11,577 11,563 11,619 11,571 11,545 11,533 11,495 11,514 11,541 11,498 Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixture & Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical... Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ,292 1,423 1,979 1,964 2, ,285 1,413 1,987 1,960 2, ,272 1,410 1,962 1,957 2, ,279 1,391 1,957 1,964 2, ,291 1,385 1,953 1,963 2, ,314 1,385 1,944 1,962 2, ,310 1,386 1,951 1,960 2,031 >M ,322 1,376 1,949 1,963 2, ,320 1,373 1,949 1,955 2, ,304 1,374 1,960 1,957 2, ,305 1,369 1,957 1,965 2, ,306 1,374 1,962 1,965 2, ,306 1,374 1,942 1,962 1, NONDURABLE GOODS.... 8,233 8,207 8,204 8,178 8,185 8,157 8,206 8,148 8,124 8,112 8,098 8,071 8,095 Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather«and leather products 1, , ,071 1, , , ,072 1, Q 357 1, , ,068 l,o4l , , ,063 1, , , ,067 1, , , ,064 1, , , ,062 1, , , ,061 1, , , ,058 1, , , ,058 1, , , ,055 1, ,77! , ,054 1, ! 1, l,w 687 1,054 1, TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 4,369 4,394 4,37^ 4,365 4,358 4,346 4,336 4,281 4,331 4,332 4,342 4,317 4,302 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 14,310 14,331 14,298 14,222 14,181 14,117 14,086 14,049 14,009 13,999 13,920 13,816 13,793 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 3,718 10,592 3,722 3,708 10,609 10,590 3,695 10,527 3,683 10,498 3,680 3,679 10,437 10,*K)7 3,651 10,394 3,641 10,368 3,632 3,619 10,367 10,301 3,586 10,232 3,581 10,212 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND RIAL ESTATE 3,441 3,425 3,411 3,387 3,376 3,350 3,335 3,334 3,323 3,311 3,304 3,293 3,289 SERVICES Hotels and other lodging places Personal services. Medical and other health services' Educational services 10,758 10,695 10,610 10,545 10,548 10,498 10, ,024 2,758 1, ,024 2,736 1, ,017 2,719 1, ,018 2,693 1, ,019 2,678 1, ,018 2,660 1, ,023 2,649 1,028 10,425 10, ,019 2,625 1, ,019 2,603 1,046 10,415 10, ,02; 2,58^ 1, ,026 2,572 1,044 10,333 10, ^55* 1, ,023 2,540 1,033 GOVERNMENT 12,399 12,313 12,325 12,217 12,270 12,256 12,232 12,134 12,088 12,05; 12,021 11,97* 11,889 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 2,697 9,702 2,696 9,617 2,705 9,620 2,716 9,501 2,751 9,519 2,788 9,468 2,795 9,437 2,721 9,413 2,717 9,371 2,71* 9,335 2,721 9,300 2,721 9,257 2,709 9,180 NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

66 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B-6: Production workers in industrial and construction activities 1 seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Major industry group Dec, Sept. Aug. July June May Apr Mar. Feb. Jan. TOTAL... 17,967 17,816 17,742 17,704 17,650 17,686 17,676 17,672 17,733 17,673 17,738 17,*59 17,631 MINING *59 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 2,843 2,765 2,773 2,739 2,688 2,687 2,670 2,739 2,811 2,881 2,596 2,772 MANUFACTURING 14,634 14,564 14,524 14,476 14,474 14,512 14,523 14,449 l*,*39 14,386 14,393 l*,4o5 1*,400 DURABLE GOODS... 8,502 8,^70 8,432 8,410 8,399 8,458 8,424 8,401 8,406 8,371 8,420 Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products * Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products * Primary metal industries 1,029 1,021 1,009 1,012 1,023 1,044 1,042 1,054 1,054 1,038 1,040 1,0*2 1,0*5 Fabricated metal products 1,099 1,090 1,092 1,073 1,066 1,068 1,070 1,060 1,059 1,062 1,056 1,062 1,063 Machinery, except electrical 1,348 1,357 1,337 1,332 1,331 1,322 1,33* 1,331 1,332 1,346 1,3** 1,3*3 1,331 Electrical equipment and supplies 1,308 1,306 1,302 1,313 1,313 1,308 1,305 1,312 1,310 1,3H 1,316 1,319 1,319 Transportation equipment. 1,433 1,423 1,446 1,439 1,415 1,478 1^38 1,419 1,*25 1,*29 1,*23 l,*fi0 i,*n Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries * * NONDURABLE GOODS. 6,132 6,094 6,092 6,066 6,075 6,054 6,099 6,048 6,033 6,015 6,011 5,985 6,011 Food and Kindred products 1,200 1,191 1,191 1,183 1,187 1,185 1,204 1,185 1,191 1,181 1,178 1,181 1,191 Tobacco manufactures * ^ 7* Textile mill products.* Apparel and other textile products 1,258 1,249 1,259 1,254 1,245 1,249 1,265 1,256 1,251 1,243 1,2*0 1,233 1,2*3 Paper and allied products * * * 533 Printing and publishing k Chemicals and allied products lk * Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee o * *22 *15 *15 Leather and leather products L 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, data relate to construction workers. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

67 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonogricultura! payrolls (In thousands) TOTAL Mining Contract construction vlanufacturing 1 2 ^ ALABAMA... Birmingham ; Huntsville Mobile Montgomery Tuscaloosa CD CD CD CD 8.1 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD ALASKA ARIZONA Tucson L4 L5 ARKANSAS Fort Smith 2 Little Rock-North Little Rock... Pine Bluff CD CD CD CD CD CD 4 CD.4 CD CD L7 L8 9 20?1?? 23?4 25?6?7?8?9 SO CALIFORNIA 2 Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove.. Fresno... Los Angeles-Long Beach Oxnard-Ventura Sacramento San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario.. San Diego San Francisco-Oakland San Jose Vallejo-Napa. 6, , , , , , , , , L, , , SI S2 COLORADO S3 34 ^S S6 S7 S8 SQ CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven... Stamford Waterbury 1, (3) C3) C3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) C3) C3) C3) C3) C3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) DELAWARE Wilmington CD CD CD CD ? 43 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 4... Washington SMSA 67 1, ,049.0 CD CD CD CD C*) SO SI FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Holly wood... Jacksonville Miami Orlando Tampa-St. Petersburg 1, , , CD CD CD CD CD CD 8 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD 9.3 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD GEORGIA Atlanta 1, , , CD 6.4 CD 6 CD See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for Uie current month are preliminary.

68 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities , ' Whole , ale and retail trade , T : , Finance, insurance, and real estate Services , C*) C*) , Noy, , C , , C*) Govcmmcn , t , P Digitized for FRASER

69 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and area GEORGIA (continued) Augusta Columbus Macon Savannah ' li l) Mining g) Contract construction Manufacturing 31.? Novo 30, a) ILLINOIS Chicago 5 Chicago-Northwestern Indiana. Davenport-Rock Island-Moline. Peoria Rockford 4,346,7 4,33 2,98 3, , ,96 3, :*) ,377 1, , , , INDIANA Evansville Fort Wayne Gary-Hammond-East Chicago ^ Indianapolis Muncie South Bend Terre Haute IOWA Cedar Rapids. Des Moines.. Dubuque... Sioux City... Waterloo 1, l l.l , I O , O a) i 8i 1) 1) 1) 1) KANSAS. Topeka. Wichita KENTUCKY. Lexington. Louisville LOUISIANA... Baton Rouge. Lake Charles. Monroe New Orleans. Shreveport.. 1, I 1, , Lewiston-Auburn Portland MARYLAND 4 Baltimore 1, , , MASSACHUSETTS. Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence-Haverhill, Lowell..., New Bedford Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke Worcester 2,230 1,279-4 ^ i4-!, 22.,27 49.I ,9, See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

70 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities NoVo ,7 * * k.l o.k kl.l k.l 6 20 H.k * k.l k k k k ".O Wholes l ,8 l 6 5 1*6 10. k * * X- * <*) k k ale and retail trade l k ljk Finance, insurance, and real estate *) *) *) (l) O Service s l.O *) *) *) *) i.o Q O o Government *) *) *) *) I o Digitized for FRASER

71 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) TOTAL Mining Contract construction Manufacturing f, 7 8 q 10 LI 1? MICHIGAN Battle Creek Bay City Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Muskegon-Muskegon Heights.. 2, , , , , , ) 1.q o 1) i) :o 1) 1) a) ' 1) l , I , ^ , is MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul.. 1, , , ^ (l) (l) MISSISSIPPI Jackson * O 1 8 q ^0 :>1 52 MISSOURI Kansas City2. St. Joseph 2 St. Louis Springfield 2 1, , , (3).1 8 (3) (3) ^4 ^ MONTANA NEBRASKA Omaha I89 (3) (l) CD (3) (3) >q JO n NEVADA 2 Las Vegas O , NEW HAMPSHIRE O q 0 NEW JERSEY Paterson-Cliftc-n-Passaic Perth Amboy 6 Trenton.. 2, , , a. 3.4 (l) O i NEW MEXICO I60O s ? ), «^ 6 7 NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy... Buffalo Elmira Monroe County?... Nassau and Suffolk Counties^.. New York-Northeastem New Jersey, New York SMSA 6 New York City8 Rockland County... Utica-Rome.. Westchester County 8 7, ,76 3, II6 29 7, ,52 4,788 3, , I ,46 4,73 3, il Si!. 1) 1 1 i 8.8 (i) 1) 1) 1) il 9.4 l) 1) il 1) 1) 1) il , , l,90 7 e ,77 1, l , ,78 I,ll8o k See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

72 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division--confinued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities * * ^ i? I * Wholesale and retail trade * , I , , O * , ,34 1, *8 303* » , , , Finance, insurance, and real estate l # l ' Services 379*7 9»i , « , , ^ J O , , * Government 51 3 Ifi 18 17* » c O 67.O 12 7« , I , O , /75 3? I 1, * o.4 l 2 I ^6 57 Digitized for FRASER

73 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In thousands) State and are NORTH CAROLINA 2 Asheville Charlotte Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Poin Raleigh 1, , , !* 21*6.3 Mining a) Novo Contract construction Octo 9 12o6 1 Novo * *0 11 1* Manufacturing Octo O 1* NORTH DAKOTA. Fargo-Moorhead l* 38.1* * * OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren. 3, , ,77 21* * O 3, * * * * * ,1* * 308, ,1* i%f * 8l*.l 85.I 1,1* *.8 13* 8O 87.2 OKLAHOMA... Oklahoma City. Tulsa O 168.1* * * 12 3* * OREGON. Eugene... Portland 2. Salem k l*.3 65.O * l3» * PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton York 4, , , , , *1* ill*. 7 1,71*0.3 81* * I * i*.i * * , *7 6 1,51* * , RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick *1*.: 357.^ 3l*l* * 1* llt6.ii ll*5.i* SOUTH CAROLINA. Charleston Columbia. Greenville * 117.1* * *8.0 5o * SOUTH DAKOTA ' Sioux Falls TENNESSEE. Chattanooga. Knoxville.. Memphis... Nashville.. 1, , * 11*9-1* ,23 II9.8 11* O ll.o 1*1* * *1*8.3 1*9.8 1* * TEXAS Amarillo Austin Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange Corpus Christi 3,1*96.8 3,1*77 3, , * Sec footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

74 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division--continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities I VJl * tvjl CO CO I i 1 1 LTN OJ 87.O 17d ,5 5« * « Wholesale and retail trade 30 4 ^ o.o 15^ I O o oO Finance, insurance, and real estate I4lu o.o , Services 19^ O *5 14! l ^ I Government l Digitized for FRASER

75 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B-7: Employees on nonagriculfurai payrolls (In thousands) Mining Contract construction Manufacturing State and area TEXAS (continued) Dallas El Paso ' Fort Worth Galveston-Texas City. Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls UTAH Salt Lake City. NOV H * NO* M I VERMONT Burlington?... 9 Springfield VIRGINIA 2 4 Lynchburg 2 Newport News-Hampton 2 Norfolk-Portsmouth.... Richmond Roanoke WASHINGTON.. Seattle-Everett Spokane Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA... Charleston Huntington-Ashland. Wheeling ,1*1 1* A , * * ,1*07 I , IO ** , * 187.1* l*.l 1, I I Green Bay. Kenosha.. La Crosse Madison.. Milwaukee Racine... 1, , O ,460 1* ) * WYOMING.. Casper... Cheyenne I Combined with services. Series revised to benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data. Combined with construction. 4 Federal employment in Maryland and Virginia sectors of the Washington Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area is included in data for the District of Columbia. Area included in Chicago-Northwestern Indiana Standard Consolidated Area. 6 Area included in New York-Northeastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 7 g Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 9 Total-includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. Services excludes agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. * Not available. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

76 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation public utilit Kov *4 and les NOVo k k Wholesale and retail trade k no r\ * , Ilo *5 236.O O TO ft * Finance, insurance, and real estate * k Oct* ^ k o3.8 Services o k Govemmeni ^ I k C -l o I * Q y Digitized for FRASER

77 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C-l: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, 1947 to date Year and oath Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Total private * Average weekly earnings Average weekly hoars Average hourly earnings Manufacturing Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Durable goods Average weekly earnings Average weekly Average earnings Nondurable goods L I : December.. I968: January.. February. March April May June... July August... September. October... November. December.. $ * O HO » ^ O $1, I5 1 0 I $ * # o.o o 4o $1, L-S ^ $ iio.l $1, I $ I O o.i 4o.o $1, I7 7 I Year and month Mining Contract construction Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate & I : December.. I968: January.. February. March April May June July August... September. October.. November.. December. $ I ^ * U8.O * $1, I L $ $0, ) $ i $1, l.* *For coverage of series, tee footnote 1, table B-2. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. annual averages are preliminary and unweighted. Digitized for FRASER

78 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry sic Code TOTAL PRIVATE. Industry $1105 Average weekly earnings $1090 $ $104 $104 $3 Average hourly earnings NOV. $2 $2 $3 NOV. $ , , MINING METAL MINING, Iron ores Copper ores COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining... OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields. Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone lvf H ,24,25, ,26-31 :0NTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS. HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS. Highway and street construction Heavy construction, nee SP.ECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning... Painting, paper hanging, decorating... Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering... Roofing and sheetmetal work MANUFACTURING... DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS. Durable Goods IH Hl H ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms.. Complete guided missiles Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee , ,9 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general. Millwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook,and crates.. Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures 32 STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown 3221 Glass containers 3229 Pressed and blown glass, nee 324 Cement, hydraulic 325 Structural clay product! 3251 Brick and structural clay tile 326 Pottery and related products 327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products 328,9 Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products 3291 Abrasive products I See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary Q0 IOO H IOO ~ ~ , H H

79 C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Average weekly hours NOV. Average overtime hours TOTAL PRIVATE O 38.O , , MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite mining.. OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum and natural gas fields Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS. HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction... Heavy construction, n e e SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning.. Painting, paper hanging, decorating.. Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering... Roofing and sheet metal work O ,24,25, ,26-31 MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS. NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition; except for small arms.. Complete guided missiles Ammunition, exc* for small arms, nee, , , , LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood & related products. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates... Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture ;... Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures Other furniture and fixtures STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS.. Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum and plaster products Other stone and nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products _ o.o _ 6.0 3_ _ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary O

80 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-continued sic Code Industry Durable' Goods"Continued Average weekly earnings Q7 Average hourly earnings 1Q , , ,3, , , , , , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incusaws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric... Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products... Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops).. Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products - Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee... Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery.... Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails.. Industrial trucks and tractors Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs & fixtures.. Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans. Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical $ ^ ^ $ H $ $ UO I32.ll $ _ ~28 3.^ $ H $ , H 2 0 $ H 5 3.H $ : o See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

81 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers' on private nonagriculturai payrolls, by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours Durable Goods Continued , , ,3, , , , , , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products. Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous metals, Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings.. Miscellaneous primary metal products.. Iron and steel forgings FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware.... Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws... Hardware, n e c Plumbing and heating, except electric.. Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods Heating equipment, except electric.. Fabricated structural metal products... Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops).. Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc.... Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers... Metal stampings Metal services, nee Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee.. Farm machinery Construction and related machinery.... Construction and mining machinery.. Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails. Industrial trucks and tractors..... Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs, & fixtures.. Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans Power transmission equipment Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash register; Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery Misc. machinery, except electrical.... kl.k ~.3 4l_ l~8 4l ^ kk.k 4 4 hi , , ^ _.2 4_.3 5_ ^3 fee ~ k 4_ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

82 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued Industry Durable Goods Continued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES - Electric test & distributing equipment... Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment... Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories.. Truck trailers ".. Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment $ $ IOI IOI Hl2 $ IH $ l4ol U $ $ $ $ $ INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices.. Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases MISQ MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES... Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware.. Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls & play vehicles. Sporting and athletic goods, nee.. Pens, pencils, office and art supplies. Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats. Poultry dressing plants , HO IO i% H I See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

83 C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonag ricultural payrolls, by industry Continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Durable Goods-Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours , , , , , ,8,9 393 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES. Electric test & distributing equipment.. Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers.. Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment.. Electric lamps Lighting fixtures. Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies... Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories.. Truck trailers Aircraft and parts.. Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts... Other aircraft parts and equipment... Ship and boat building and repairing... Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing. Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS., Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices, Mechanical measuring devices, Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods, Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies, Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches, clocks, and watch cases MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES.. Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware... Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles.. Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies.. Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries Musical instruments and parts 4l.O 4 4l.3 kl'k (f*) , o o.i 4l.o l.o m o k Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats. Poultry dressing plants See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

84 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagrscultural payrolls, by industry Continued Industry Nondurable Goods Continued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS-Continued Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts <. Fluid milk Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods... Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products... Flour and other grain mill products... Prepared feeds for animals and fowls... Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers 0 Sugar Confectionery and related products Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool... Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks... Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills. Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear. Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists. Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats. Women's and misses' outerwear, n e e. Women's and children's undergarments.. Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel... Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings $ no H $ IOI IOO $ II IO IOI $ H IO OO $ IIO I $ l $ $ L 2 9 l. # $ I I $ H I PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes... Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers Hl6 123 IO HO H H ^ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

85 C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Nondurable Goods Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours ,6 2032, , , ,2, , FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS-Continued Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk Canned, cured, and frozen foods Canned, cured and frozen sea foods. Canned food, except sea foods Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other rrain mill product.. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products,. Bread, cake, and related products... Cookies and crackers Sugar Confectionery and related products... Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES... Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee..- Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers... Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments. Women's and children's underwear... Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel.. Misc. fabricated textile products Housefurnishings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes. Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers o.4 in o in ^ o.o o.o O , , O ft i:? 8.0 3_ u See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

86 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricuifural payrolls, by industry--continued sic Code Industry Nondurable Goods-'Continued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings ,6,7, , ,2 286, , ,3, ,3,5-7, PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic... Blankbooks and bookbinding. Other publishing & printing ind CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS... Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee. Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations. Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only. Other chemical products Explosives PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, N E C Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Rubber footwear Miscellaneous plastics products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS... Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: ^ ^ $ I6O IO $ ^ * l65.ll M IOI $ Hl $ !*f ^6 3 3.H $3.^ A $ ^ ^ $5 7 3.V , ! RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads 2 LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation... Intercity highway transportation ^ , TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals.. Public warehousing PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees 3 Line construction employees^... Telegraph communication... Radio and television broadcasting I ^ I * l I See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

87 C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours Nondurable Goods Continued ,6,7, , ,2 286, , , 3, ,3,5-7, PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, ex. lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic... Blankbooks and bookbinding Other publishing & printing ind CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS.. Industrial chemicals Alkalies and chlorine Industrial organic chemicals, nee... Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete & mixing only.. Other chemical products Explosives PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining * Other petroleum and coal products RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC.. Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Rubber footwear Miscellaneous plastics products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS. Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods l l , O l.o o.o 4o , I : 3 3 i 3 3 i _0 3._ TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads , LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation... Intercity highway transportation TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals... Public warehousing PIPE LINE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees 3. Line construction employees 4 Telegraph communication 5 Radio and television broadcasting See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

88 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings 1Q68 1Q7 Average hourly earnings 6 \ofrr TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES-Co»/iB«e</ ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems... Water, steam, & sanitary systems $ $ $ ^ $ $ $1 7 3A5 2 7 $ $ ,55, ,2 553, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment. Drugs, chemicals, and allied products.. Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies.... Miscellaneous wholesalers RETAIL TRADE... Retail general merchandise Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores Food "Stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores.. Apparel and accessory stores Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings. Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores.. Furniture and home furnishings Eating and drinking places Other retail trade Building materials and farm equipment Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers. Drug stores and proprietary stores... Book and stationery stores...'... Fuel and ice dealers FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 7 Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Security, commodity brokers & services.. Insurance carriers Life insurance *... Accident and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance.. SERVICES: Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels... Personal Services: Laundries and dry cleaning plants... Photographic studios Motion pictures: Motion picture filming & distributing.. $ ^ ^ ^6 69.3^ **-O I * ^ Hl ^ IO8 58.OO H2 7^ ^ * ^ ^ 1586 $ I NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

89 C-2: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry-continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTIUTIES-Continued ELECTRIC. CAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combination companies and systems.. Water, steam & sanitary systems in 1* ,55, ,2 553, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles & automotive equipment. Drugs, chemicals, and allied products... Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware; plumbing & heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies... Miscellaneous wholesalers RETAIL TRADE Retail general merchandise Department stores Mail order houses Variety stores Food stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores... Apparel and accessory stores Men's & boys' clothing & furnishings. Women's ready-to-wear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores.. Furniture and home furnishings Eating and drinking places Other retail trade Building materials and farm equipment Motor vehicle dealers Other automotive & accessory dealers. Drug stores and proprietary stores... Book and stationery stores Fuel and ice dealers FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE? Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Security, commodity brokers & services. Insurance carriers Life insurance Accident and health insurance. Fire, marine, and casualty insurance.. SERVICES: Hotels and other lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels... Personal Services: Laundries & dry cleaning plants Photographic studios Motion pictures: Motion picture filming & distributing., i * ^ * A 3L.k 33.* ll * ^ * O ^ 3* ^ * For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. Beginning January 1965, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $5,000,000 or more. Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and pay-station attendants. In 1966, such employees made up 33 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. ^Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1966, such employees made up 33 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. 5 Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers. ^Money payments only; tips, not included. ^Data for nonoffice salesmen excluded from all series in this division. Not available. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

90 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Item Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (1965=100): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (1965=100): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average.overtime hours... Indexes (1965=100): Average weekly earnings... Average hourly earnings... Total employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (1965=100): Average weekly earnings... Average hourly earnings... C-3: Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government l (Employment in thousands includes both supervisory and nonsupervisory employees) Sept. 2, , r\ H o Aug. 2, H2oi , H H July 2, , June 2, , , IO May Apr. Mar. 2, EXECUTIVE BRANCH 2, , DEPARTMENT OP DEFENSE 1, , , POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT OTHER AGENCIES I Feb. 2, , IO inot available. NOTE: Averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by the U.S. Civil Service Commission from all agencies of the e the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wage-board employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers, both supe comparable to similar data presented in table C-2 which relate only to production or nonsupervisory workers. Jan. 2,66 39.^ , i n O , , ^ i , , I -I :utive bran h of the Federal Govern iory and nonsupervisory, they are n 2, , T MANUFACTURING. DURABLE GOODS. C-4: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry Major industry group Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies.... Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries. NONDURABLE GOODS. Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products... Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee. Leather and leather products $6 3 0 (2) Mbv ^ (2) Average hourly earnings excluding overtime 1 $2 $9 $6 ^Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. 2 Not available as average overtime rates are significantly above time and one-half. Inclusion of data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect. ERRATUM: August value for manufacturing, $2. 87 instead of $ NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary ^ *55 3 2» (2) (2) 6 3.^ ^ (2) 5 3^9 1 5

91 TOTAL PRIVATE: Current dollars dollars. MINING: Current dollars dollars CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION: Current dollars dollars MANUFACTURING: Current dollars dollars... ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-5: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 Industry WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: Current dollars dollars FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Current dollars dollars on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and dollars Spendable average weekly earnings Gross average weekly earnings Worker with no dependents Worker with three dependents $ NOV. $ $ $ $ IOI $ IO9.O6 884 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. NOTE: Beginning April, data reflect the'income tax surcharge imposed by the Revenue and Expenditure Control Act of. Data for the current month are preliminary. C-6: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities 1 TOTAL MINING Industry CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING = Man-hours H7 $ DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries II O NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products. Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee. Leather and leather products II Payrolls , H7.3 H MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING I6O NOTE: Data for the 2 mo: are prelin

92 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS C-7: Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers* on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. Aug. July June May Apr. Feb. Jan. TOTAL PRIVATE MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION O MANUFACTURING. Overtime hours. to to.8 4l.o 4 to to to.i to to DURABLE GOODS. Overtime hours. 4 to. 6 Wo 4 4 4l.l to Ordnance and accessories to to Lumber and wood products... to ko.k to.8 4 to to to.3 to.l 40 to.2 38 Furniture and fixtures to.4 ko.k to.8 to to to 4i.o 39 Stone, clay, and glass products to. to O..8 Primary metal industries 4 kl.k 4i.4 4 to Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies 4 4 to to to 4 4 to to to to.l Transportation equipment to 4 Instruments and related products 1*0.8 to to to 40 to k0 to to Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS. Food and kindred products, Tobacco manufactures, 39 to to.8 37 to.l to f.l to to.8 to.i *0 37 Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products..., Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products.... Petroleum and coal products... Rubber and plastics products,n e c.. Leather and leather products to ij- 38 to.8 4 to l.l l I to WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE ^ to.o 3 35 to.i 3 3 to to to.l to ^ to.o 3 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE o o *For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

93 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C-8: Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours in industrial and construction activities 1 seasonally adjusted =100 Industry Sept. Aug. July June y Apr. Feb. Jan. TOTAL n4.o MINING I CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION IO MANUFACTURING 119 ol H II8.3 H DURABLE GOODS Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries... Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment and supplies.... Transportation equipment Instruments and related products, Miscellaneous manufacturing industries « o H O IO U NONDURABLE GOODS IO Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products H H O H n IO IO Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather and leather products l6l.o , 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, data relate to construction workers. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

94 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-9: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas State and area Average weekly earnings Octo 1068 je weekly hours Average hourly earnings! Novo ALABAMA.. Birmingham Mobile... ALASKA. ARIZONA. Phoenix. Tucson. $ I3OO $106.l $ II l.O i i.i 4o 4l.O l.2 4i.2 $ $ $ ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove Bakersfield Fresno Los Angeles-Long Beach Oxnard-Ventura Sacramento San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario San Diego San Francisco-Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara Santa Rosa ;... Stockton Vallejo-Napa Ik2.l ^ ^ i.2 4 4l.o 4 4o.l 4o.8 4 4l.i 4 4o.4 4o.O 4o o o ^ o COLORADO, Denver... CONNECTICUT. Bridgeport... Hartford New Britain.. New Haven,.. Stamford.... Waterbury l.2 4o.l 4o ^ l.o 4i.o DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA : Washington SMSA FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Jacksonville Miami Orlando Pensacola Tampa-St. Petersburg.... West Palm Beach o l 4o o.o GEORGIA Atlanta. Savannah L HAWAII.. Honolulu ^ o 38,9 4i.o 4o ILLINOIS Chicago - Davenport-Rock Island-Moline See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary M.3 4o.o o.o *12 5 1

95 C-9: ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas--continued ILLINOIS (continued) Peoria Rockford 8t»te and area Average weekly $ $ e weekly hours. Nov* 1068; Average hourly earnings Oct 196 $6 3 $3 6 INDIANA Indianapolis.. IOWA Cedar Rapids. Des Moines.. Dubuque.... Sioux City... Waterloo KANSAS. Topeka. Wichita. $1^ l4l l4l o , o <> %?? ^06 0 KENTUCKY. Louisville l4ol o LOUISIANA.., Baton Rouge, New Orleans, Shreveport.., 122 1^ l«7 4o MAINE Lewiston-Auburn Portland o o.O MARYLAND Baltimore. 12k o 4o MASSACHUSETTS Boston, Brockton Fall River Lawrence-Haverhill Lowell New Bedford Springfield-Chicopee-Holyoke Worcester ^ H o.o o o.l 4o MICHIGAN Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kalamazoo Lansing Muskegon-Muskegon Heights. Saginaw o o.l o, * MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior.... Minneapolis-St. Paul MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI... Kansas City. St. Louis o 4i.o MONTANA NEBRASKA 128 Omaha 1261 See footnotes at end of table. MOTE: Data for the current aonth are preliminary

96 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C-9: Gross hours and earnings off production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued NEVADA. State and area 1C368 $156.Ul 1068 $159 $1470 Nov* 39.8 e weekly hours Octc o0 $3 Oct«$0 $9 NEW HAMPSHIRE. Manchester o o NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City 1 Newark 1 Paterson-Clifton-Passaic 1 Perth Amboy 1 Trenton NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, ^ o o o o.O NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County2 Nassau and Suffolk Counties 3... New York-Northeastern New Jersey New York SMSA 1 New York City 3.. Rochester Rockland County 3 Syracuse, Utica-Rome Westchester County 3 NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte,.... Greensboro Winston-Salem High Point. Raleigh * III ^ IO o.l o o.l i.i 4 4o.l o 4o l I , NORTH DAKOTA. Fargo-Moorhead. OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown-Warren. OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City. Tulsa o.o 4 4 4o o o.l 39<> o.l o o o OREGON.. Eugene.. Portland * PENNSYLVANIA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton. Altoona Erie Harris burg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton York See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current south are preliminary ? o Ufa

97 C-9: ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Gross hours and earnings of production.workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued State and area RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pa wtucket-warwick rage Ings e weekly hours $ $ $ $9 2 $7 9 $4 5 SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Greenville SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls I O TENNESSEE Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis Nashville l.l o.O 4l.3 4o 4o TEXAS Amarillo Austin Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange.. Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso ' Fort Worth Galveston-Texas City Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco, Wichita Falls l IOO i.8 4o.4 4 4l l l.l l Q UTAH Salt Lake City VERMONT Burlington Springfield l v VIRGINIA Lynchburg Norfolk-Portsmouth... Richmond Roanoke o7 42^ » WASHINGTON Seattle-Everett Spokane., Tacoma o o WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington-Ashland Wheeling H WISCONSIN Green Bay Kenosha, La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine ^ 135.^ o o 4l.l 4l! WYOMING Casper i.o Area included in New York-Northeastern New. Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 2 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 3 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. *Not available. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

98 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER Toblo D-l: Labor turnover rat«s in manufacturing 1958 to date (Per 100 employees) Year Jao. Feb. Mac. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. k ^6 k.0 k.0 k k.l k.0 k ko6 3-9 k k.3 k k.l k Total accessions k.l ,1 3-3 New hires ^ U?' k k.l k 3-5 Total separations ^ ^ ^ ?- 7 Quits « Layoffs U? 'Beginning with January 1959, transfers between establishments of the same firm are included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items are not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, the rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary.

99 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2: Labor turnover rates, by industry SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates - Separation rates Quits Layoffs MANUFACTURING. 4 19,24,25, ,26-31 DURABLE GOODS.. NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms ,2 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general.. Millwork, plywood & related products... Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates.... Miscellaneous wood products l.o FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture "Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.. Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Abrasive products *.O l.o 9.2 (i) , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries.... Steel foundries Nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum rolling and drawing Nonferrous wire drawing, and insulatin^ Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal products... Iron and steel forgings 3-5 (2) : II (2) 6.: 6 5-5!4 6 5 (2) : (2) (2).3.4 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

100 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2 : Labor turnover rates, by industry-continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates JNOV JJIOV.UC"G. u<rc. Separation rates Quits JMOV. Layoffs JMOV. Durable Goods Continued ,3, , , , , , , , , FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Cutlery and hand tools, incl. saws Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Sanitary ware & plumbers' brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Architectural and misc. metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Misc. fabricated wire products Misc. fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, nee Farm machinery Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyors, hoists, cranes, monorails Metal working machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types. Machine tool accessories Misc. metal working machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and compressors Ball and roller bearings Power transmission equipment, Office and computing machines Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration machinery. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric test & distributing equipment Electric measuring instruments Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers.. Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps, Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electron tubes Other electronic components Misc. electrical equipment & supplies Engine electrical equipment 5.4 4,8 (2) (2) (2) 1-3 (2) (2) (2) l 4.i 5 5 ^ (2) U (2) & ! (2) See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

101 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates New hires NOV. 1 Total Separation rates Quits Layoffs Durable Goods-'Continued , ,9 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles... Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine.parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment (2 (2 ( (2) ) 2 ) 2 j 2' (2) ) 2) 2) 2 2) (2) ) 2) 2) I] (2) (2) (2) 2 (2) 4, , INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering & scientific instruments Mechanical measuring & control devices.... Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and Ophthalmic goods Medical instruments and supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases (2) 4 (2) 5.2 (2) (2) 2.k (2) ,8,9 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys and sporting goods Games, toys, dolls, & play vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Other manufacturing industries I k.e * \o 9 Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products. Meat packing plants Poultry dressing plants Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products.. Cookies and crackers Confectionery and related products... Confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors , l d TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary

102 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates 1Q68 Separation rates Quits Layoffs Nondurable Goods Continued TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit underwear mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods *.3 u APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear.... Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments ,2, , PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes '.1 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING , ,9 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations-. Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Other chemical products ,9 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products l.o ,3,6 307 See footnotes at end of table. RUBBER AND PLASTICS PRODUCTS, NEC. Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary fcl l.o.4

103 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D-2: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates Quits Layoffs Nondurable Goods --Continued LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber l.o 0 NONMANUFACTURING , METAL MINING- Iron ores.... Copper ores.. COAL MINING Bituminous coal and lignite minir COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication. Telegraph communication 3. Less than Not available. 3 Data relate to all employees except messengers. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. It! 8.2 (2) (2)

104 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER Table D-4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1958 to date seasonally adjusted (Per 100 employees) Jan. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. NOT I ? , 4 4.O ) /; r -. ii 0 Total accessions 4o ; i , Total separations 1958 V 1959 x I ?' , i960., 1961., 1962., ,..., Quits l.l 1958., I960., 1961., 1962., 1963., 1964., if: 3.* Layoffs ^Beginning with January 1959, transfers between establishments of the same firm are. included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items are not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, the rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary.

105 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER Table D-5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas ALABAMA: Birmingham. Mobile 1.. ALASKA. ARIZONA. Phoenix. State and area ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little Rock-North Little Rock. Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA Los Angeles-Long Beach COLORADO Denver... CONNECTICUT. Hartford (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Sept. 3-7 I6.k k.k k.k Sept () k.k k Sept lq6fi k.k k k k.l k k.k Separation rates 1Q k 5 k.l n Sep k k.8 k l.k Layoffs Sept (2) If.k.1 DELAWARE 1 Wilmington ^ DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMSA.. FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood. Jacksonville., Orlando Pensacola Tampa-St. Petersburg West Palm Beach... GEORGIA. Atlanta 3 HAWAII k k k 5 5>5 2.k 8.k 5.4 k 6 k.8 5 k.o k.o 6 k.l k.o k.o l.k k k.k k.2 k.l k.l k k IDAHO ILLINOIS: Chicago k k 5 INDIANA 1... Indianapolis 6 k.2 k.o k.8 k.l k.o k.o k.o k.8 3.k.8.2 IOWA Cedar Rapids. Des Moines.. KANSAS. Topeka. Wichita. KENTUCKY. Louisville. k 3.* 5.8 k.2 5*3 k k.2 5-k k k.l k.3 k.8 k.l k.l k k.l k.o k k.l 5 5 k.l k k k k.8 k.k 5.k k.l 9 5 2)6 LOUISIANA: New Orleans 7 MAINE... Portland. k.o 6.8 k k.l k k.l k k.k k 5 MARYLAND Baltimore. See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. k.3 k.o k k 5.8

106 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER Table 0-5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas--continued MASSACHUSETTS Boston MICHIGAN Detroit MINNESOTA Duluth-Superior Minneapolis-St. Paul State and area Octo k (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Sept k ( ) Sept Separation rates Si k.l Sept, k.k 5.8 k.k Layoffs Sept MISSISSIPPI: Jackson k MISSOURI Kansas City- St. Louis...: MONTANA 5 NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE k.l k.l k 3-5 k k k.8 k.o k.l k l.k.8.2 NEW JERSEY: Jersey City Newark Paterson-Clifton-Passajc Perth Araboy Trenton k.o k k.o k.l k.2 k k.k k.q 5.4 k NEW YORK Albany-Schenectady-Troy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County 8 Nassau and Suffolk Counties 9 New York SMSA New York City 9 Rochester Syracuse Utica-Rome Westchester County 9 NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte Greensboro-Winston-Salem High Point k k.k k k k.2 k.2 k.8 k.o k.2 k.l k.l k.k k.k k k.k 4 k.l k.l k k 5.2 l.k U 2.k k.8 2.k k.k k.8 5 k.l 1-3.k l.k ' 5.1.2,k l.k 5.2 l.k NORTH DAKOTA. Fargo-Moorhead lk k.k k.8 k.l OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Young stown-warren k.l k.o k.2 4 k.l 6.0 l.k k.o k k k.o 6 2.k.k 2.k.k 2*.k OKLAHOMA: Oklahoma City TulsalO OREGON 1 Portland k k k.l See footnotes at end of table. NOTE*. Data for the current month are preliminary.

107 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER Table 0-5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued State and area PENNSYLVANIA: Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton. Alcoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre Hazleton York RHODE ISLAND Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, (Per 100 employees) Accession rates 3-9 k.3 5 k.l k Sept k.k k k.o k.q k.o k.e k k k.l Separation rates *0.8 k.o k.o Sept k k.k 1^ k.3 k 8.k Layoffs Sept l.k 6.3 l.k SOUTH CAROLINA: Greenville SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls * 6.0 k k.q TENNESSEE: Memphis k k.2.8 TEXAS Dallas... Fort Worth. Houston., San Antonio UTAH 5 Salt Lake City 5 VERMONT.. Burlington. Springfield VIRGINIA. Richmond k.3 9 k.k 5-0 k.q k.2 3.k 6 6 k k k.k k k k.2 l.l!6 '.k WASHINGTON: Seattle-Everett 1 k.2 k 3-3 k 5.2 k.l WEST VIRGINIA: Charleston WISCONSIN Milwaukee WYOMING 5 k.2 k ,k k.l 6.0 k k.l G.k ' k.o k.l l.l l.o 1 Excludes canning and preserving. 2 Less than Excludes agricultural chemicals and miscellaneous manufacturing. 4 Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams and jellies. 5 Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar. 6 Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers. Excludes printing and publishing. 8 Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 9 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 10 Excludes new-hire rate for transportation equipment. 11 Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing. * Not available. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

108 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA Table E-1: Insured unemployment under State programs State (Week Including the 12th of the month) Number (in thousands) Change to from* Rate (pen:ent of average covered employment) TOTAL 1... SEASONALLY ADJUSTED. 1, x$* ,0 8 4 B 1,1265 1, Alabama. Alaska.. Arizona.. Arkansas. California*. Colorado... Connecticut. Delaware R District of Columbia Florida. Georgia Hawaii Idaho.. Illinois. Indiana. Iowa... Kansas.. Kentucky. Louisiana Maine Maryland... Massachusetts Michigan... Minnesota... Mississippi Missouri.. Montana.. Nebraska.. Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey... New Mexico... New York.... North Carolina North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania.. Puerto Rico f?. Rhode Island. South Carolina South Dakota. Tennessee... Texas Utah Vermont.... Virginia Washington... West Virginia < Wisconsin... Wyoming..., Based on unrounded data; changes of less than 50 not shown. "include data under the program for Puerto Rico's sugarcane workers. as comparable covered employment data are not yet available , ,5 1 Rates exclude the sugarcane workers ""Excludes insured unemployment under extended duration provisions of regular State laws. **Re vised. **\

109 UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA Table E-2: Insured unemployment in 150 major labor areas 2 (In thousands, for week including the 12th of the month) State and area State and area State and area ALABAMA Birmingham.. Mobile ARIZONA Phoenix... ARKANSAS Little Rock... CALIFORNIA Anaheim-S. Ana- Garden Grove. Fresno Los Angeles Sacramento San Bernardino.. San Diego San Francisco.. San Jose Stockton COLORADO Denver CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven Stamford Waterbury DELAWARE Wilmington DIST. OF COL. Washington FLORIDA Jacksonville Miami Tampa ' INDIANA Evansville Ft. Wayne Gary-Hammond.. Indianapolis South Bend Terre Haute IOWA Cedar Rapids.. Des Moines KANSAS Wichita KENTUCKY Louisville LOUISIANA Baton Rouge... New Orleans.. Shreveport MAINE Portland. MARYLAND Baltimore MASSACHUSETTS Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence Lowell New Bedford... Springfield Worcester MICHIGAN Battle Creek Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Kalamazoo.., Lansing, Muskegon... Saginaw, NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester NEW JERSEY Atlantic City... Jersey City Newark New Brunswick. Paterson Trenton NEW MEXICO Albuquerque... NEW YORK Albany, Binghamton.., Buffalo, New York, Rochester... Syracuse, Utica NORTH CAROLINA Asheville Charlotte Durham Greensboro Winston-Salem. OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Hamilton Lorain Steubenville... Toledo Youngstown... OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City. Tulsa Pennsylvania-- continued York PUERTO RICO Mayaguez... Ponce San Juan RHODE ISLAND Providence SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Greenville TENNESSEE Chattanooga... Knoxville Memphis Nashville TEXAS Austin Beaumont Corpus Christi, Dallas El Paso, Ft. Worth, Houston, San Antonio... UTAH Salt Lake City. VIRGINIA Hampton Norfolk Richmond Roanoke GEORGIA Atlanta Augusta Columbus... Macon Savannah HAWAII Honolulu ILLINOIS Chicago Davenport Peoria Rockford MINNESOTA Duluth, Minneapolis MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City.. St. Louis NEBRASKA Omaha 1 1 OREGON Portland PENNSYLVANIA Allentown Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia... Pittsburgh Reading Scranton Wilkes-Barre WASHINGTON Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington Wheeling WISCONSIN Kenosha Madison Milwaukee Racine 1 0.3, Insured jobless under State, Federal Employee, and Ex-Servicemen's unemployment insurance programs. 2 Por full name of labor area, see Area Trends in Employment and Unemployment published by the Bureau of Employment Security. Excludes insured unemployed under extended duration provisions of regular State laws. Digitized for FRASER

110 ANNUAL AVERAGES CONTENTS SECTION A-LABOR FORCE. EMPLOYMENT. AND UNEMPLOYMENT Pctge A- 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color, 113 A- 2: Labor force by age, sex, and color,., A- 3: Employment status of persons years of age in the # 115 noninstitutional population by color and sex,,, 117 A- 4: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by color, age, and sex. 117 A- 5: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by age and sex.,, 118 A- 6: Unemployed persons by age and sex 119 A- 7: Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color 119 A- 8: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex A- 9: Unemployed per sons by industry of last job and sex A- 10: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and color A- 11: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age «. 121 A- 12: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment A- 13: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status 122 A- 14: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 123 A- 15 : Employed persons by age and sex.; 123 A- 16: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex 124 A- 17: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex 125 A- 18: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex 126 A- 19: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex 127 A- 20: Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 127 A- 21: Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason working part-time 128 A- 22: Nonagricultural worker s by full- or part-time status,.., 128 A- 23: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age, sex, color, and marital status 129 A-24: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex 131 SECTION B-PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT, HOURS AND EARNINGS, BY INDUSTRY B- 1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 133 B- 2: Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry B- 3: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry

111 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-l: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age, sex, and color (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Unemployed Age, sex, and color Percent of population Total Employed Percent of labor force Total Keeping house Unable to work MALE 16 years and over to 21 years to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 53,030 7,H7 4,196 1,713 2, ,533 5,589 3,681 1,687 1,994 48,114 5,028 3,254 1,453 1,802 1, ,315 3,668 3,002 1,948 1, ,492 3,028 2,496 1, , to 64 years 20 to 24 years to 54 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years to 39 years to 44 years 45 to 49 years to 54 years 46,680 6,788 32,861 6,064 5,311 5,398 5,724 5,506 4, , ,698 5,070 31,603 5,615 4,996 5,115 5,610 5,433 4,834 42,766 4,812 31,062 5,496 4,910 5,034 5,520 5,350 4, ,570 1,057 1, to 64 years 55 to 59 years to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 7,030 4,120 2,910 2,154 1, ,025 4,115 2,910 2,154 1, ,893 4,038 2,854 2,093 1, , ,743 1,682 4, WHITE MALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years and 17 years and 19 years 47,708 6,288 3,707 1,529 2, ,554 4,892 3,236 1,504 1,732 43,411 4,459 2,908 1,319 1,518 1, ,881 3,147 2,552 1, ,039 2,619 2,134 1, , to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years 42,021 5,993 29,596 10,150 10,015 9, ,338 4,432 28,478 9,477 9,661 9,340 38,577 4,226 28,035 9,315 9,522 9, , to 64 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over,432,766,666 1, ,427 3,762 2,665 1,980 6,316 3,699 2,618 1, , , NONWHITE MALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years and 17 years 18 and 19 years... 5, , , , to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years to 44 years 45 to 54 years, ,266,225, , ,124 1,133 1, , ,026 1,090 1, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over

112 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-l: Employment status of the noninstitutional populption by age, sex, and color Continued (In thousands) Total labor force Civilian labor force Unemployed Not in labor force Age, sex, and color Percent of population Employed Percent of labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable work FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years.. 50 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over WHITE FEMALE 29,242 4,958 2,948 1,130 1,818 25,295 4,251 17,105 2,763 2,341 2,675 3,194 3,236 2,896 3,938 2,398 1, ,204 4,938 2,938 1,130 1,808 25,267 4,235 17,094 2,759 2,339 2,673 3,192 3,235 2,896 3,938 2,398 1, ,807 4,366 2, ,575 24,309 3,950 16,507 2,631 2,229 2,569 3,097 3,158 2,824 3,852 2,344 1, , ,976 5,595 4,078 2,436 1,642 27,456 3,529 18,586 3,629 3,242 3,087 3,044 2,918 2,666 5,340 2,610 2,730 9,442 2,953 6,489 35,023 1, ,863 2,826 17,959 3,505 3,146 2,991 2,945 2,811 2,561 5,078 2,498 2,580 8,330 2,755 5,575 3,408 3,150 2,718 1, years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years. 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over NONWHITE FEMALE 25,457 4,367 2,612 1,0.15 1,597 21,942 3,691 14,710 4,269 5,024 5,418 3,541 2,150 1, ,424 4,349 2,603 1,015 1,588 21,918 3,677 14,699 4,263 5,021 5,416 3,541 2,150 1, ,340 3,911 2, ,413 21,174 3,461 14,248 4,095 4,864 5,289 3,465 2,103 1, , ,089 4,795 3,450 2,057 1,393 24,909 3,132 16,885 6,230 5,551 5,104 4,892 2,385 2,507 8,730 31,983 1, ,542 2,510 16,363 6,048 5,388 4,927 4,670 2,292 2,377 7,765 2,941 2,718 2,327 1, years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 64 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

113 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-2: Labor force by age, sex, and color Total labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and color Thousands of persons Participation rate Thousands of persons Participation rate MALE 16 years and over- 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 5 5 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 53,030 4,196 1,713 2,482 6,788 32,861 11,376 11,122 10,364 7,030 4,120 2,910 2,154 52,398 4,214 1,695 2,519 6,546 32,578 11,001 11,282 10,295 6,944 4,055 2,889 2, ,533 3,681 1,687 1,994 5,070 31,603 10,610 10,725 10,267 7,025 4,115 2,910 2,154 48,987 3,633 1,658 1,976 5,043 31,255 10,207 10,860 10,189 6,938 4,050 2,888 2, WHITE MALE 16 years.and over 16 t.o 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 47,708 3,707 1,529 2,178 5,993 29,596 10,150 10,015 9,430 6,432 3,766 2,666 1,980 47,145 3,726 1,498 2,228 5,783 29,339 9,810 10,169 9,360 6,355 3,709 2,646 1, , 90, 77, ,554 3,236 1,504 1,732 4,432 28,478 9,477 9,661 9,340 6,427 3,762 2,665 1,980 44,042 3,191 1,464 1,727 4,416 28,144 9,101 9,784 9,260 6,349 3,704 2,645 1, NONWHITE MALE 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 5, ,266 1,225 1, , ,238 1,189 1, , ,124 1,133 1, , ,110 1,106 1,

114 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-2: Labor force by age, sex, and color Continued Total labor force Civilian labor force Age, sex, and color Thousands of persons Participation rate Thousands of persons Participation rate FEMALE 18 and 19 vears 20 to 24 vears 25 to 54 vears 25 to 34 vears 29,242 2,948 1,130 1,818 4,251 17,105 5,104 5,869 6,132 3,938 2,398 1, ,395 2,897 1,076 1,821 3,981 16,686 4,853 5,847 5,986 3,855 2,370 1, ,204 2,938 1,130 1,808 4,235 17,094 5,098 5,865 6,131 3,938 2,398 1, ,360 2,886 1,076 1,811 3,967 16,674 4,848 5,844 5,984 3,855 2,370 1, WHITE FEMALE 18 and 19 years to 44 years.. 45 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 25,457 2,612 1,015 1,597 3,691 14,710 4,269 5,024 5,418 3,541 2,150 1, ,689 2, ,601 3,483 14,294 4,026 4,982 5,287 3,468 2,137 1, * ,424 2,603 1,015 1,588 3,677 14,699 4,263 5,021 5,416 3,541 2,150 1,391" ,657 2, ,591 3,470 14,286 4,021 4,980 5,285 3,468 2,137 1, NONWHITE FEMALE 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 vears 3, , , , , , , ,

115 A-3: 117 Employment status of persons years of age in the (in thousands) Employment status Total noninstitutional population Total labor force. Percent of population Major activity: going to school A riculcure Major activity: other Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work Not in labor force Both sexes 21,339 12, ,527 9, ,888 1, ,264 2,890 2, , ,178 7,637 6, , ,086 Total Male 10,785 7,H ,589 5, , ,668 1,734 1, , ,028 3,855 3,^ , Female 10,553 4, , , ,595 1,155 1, ,150 3,783 3, , ,445 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES noninstitutional population by color and sex Both, sexes 18,597 10, ,241 8, , ,941 2,656 2, , ,338 6,586 5, , ,603 White Male 9,435 6, ,892 4, , ,147 1,594 1, , o ,619 3,298 3, , Female 9,162 4, ,349 3, , ,795 1, ,718 3,287 2, , ,076 Both sexes 2,742 1, ,286 1, % k , , Nonwhite A-4: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by color, age, and sex (In thousands) Total Men, 20 years Women, 20 years Both sexes, Employment status and color and over and over years TOTAL Total noninstitutional population Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed..- Percent of labor force Not in labor force WHITE Total noninstitutional population.. Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force NONWHITE Total noninstitutional population.. Total labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force. : Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 135,562 82, ,737 75,920 3,817 72,103 2,817 53, ,136 73, ,977 67,751 3,374 64,376 2,226 47,971 14,426 9, ,760 8, , , ,320 80, ,347 74,372 3,844 70,528 2,975 52, ,234 71, ,699 66,361 3,380 62,982 2,338 3.^ 47,401 14,085 8, ,648 8, , ,127 58,147 48, ,952 44,859 2,816 42, ,313 52,331 44, ,318 40,503 2,499 38, ,330 5,816 4, ,535 4, , ,198 48, ,353 44,294 2,821 41,473 1,060 9,015 51,505 43, ,851 39,985 2,506 8,086 5,694 4, ,502 4, , ,192 26, ,266 25, ,675 36,898 56,484 22, ,821 22, , ,639 6,708 3, ,4^ 3, , ,259 62,050 25,499 4l.l 25,475 24, ,778 1,078 36,551 55,502 22, ,100 21, , ,381 6,5^7 3, ,375 3, , ,170 Male 1, l ,224 7,144 50,2 6,618 5, , ,080 12,321 6, ,839 5, , ,002 1, ^0 1,078 Female 1, ? ,072 7, ,519 5, , ,962 12,228 6, ,748 5,H , ,93^ 1, ,028

116 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-5: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by age and sex (In thousands) Full-time labor force Part-time labor force Age and sex Fulltime schedules Employed Part time for economic reasons Unemployed (looking for full-time work) Percent of full-time labor force Employed on voluntary part time! Unemployed (looking for part-time work) Number part-time labor force TOTAL 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 68,332 6,922 3, ,702 64,671 8,165 56,506 44,697 11,809 64,225 5,728 2, ,219 61,383 7,447 53,935 42,752 11,183 1, , , , , , ,405 3,605 2,958 1,858 1,100 7,447 1,140 6,306 3,999 2,307 9,726 3,189 2,595 1, ,131 1,054 6,077 3,847 2, MALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 45,910 3,616 2,018 43,893 4,564 39,329 31,159 8,169 43,754 3,007 1,590 42,164 4,206 37,958 30,171 7,786 1, , ,623 1,973 1,663 1, , ,011 3,327 1,750 1,464 1, , FEMALE 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 22,422 3,306 1,643 20,778 3,601 17,178 13,538 3,641 20,471 2,721 1,252 19,219 3,242 15,978 12,581 3, , ,782 1,632 1,294 5, ,853 3,555 1,298 6,399 1,439 1,131 5, ,686 3,425 1, Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full- and part-time employed categories.

117 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-6: Unemployed persons by age and sex Male Female Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over 1,419 1,508 1,397 1, to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years, 25 years and over 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over , , Household head, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 55 years and over A-7: Unemployed persons by marital status, age, sex, and color Marital status, age, and color Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over 1,419 1,508 1,397 1, Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Total, 20 to 64 years of age , ,052 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) White, 16 years and over 142 1,208 1,084 1,130 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) White, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Nonwhite, 16 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married) Nonwhite, 20 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated.. Single (never married)

118 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-8: Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Occupation Thousands of persons Total Unemployment rates Male Total 2,817 2, White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Carpenters and other construction craftsmen All other Operatives Drivers and deliverymen All other Nonfarm laborers Construction laborers All other , CD 10.2 Service workers. Private household. Ali other Farmers and farm laborers.., No previous work experience 16 to 19 years < 20 to 24 years, 25 years and over 1 Percent not shown where base is less than A-9: Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Industry Percent distribution Unemployment rates Private wage and salary workers Mining. Construction. Manufacturing Durable goods Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment Motor vehicles and equipment All other transportation equipment Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other finished textile products... Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services. All other service industries Agricultural wage and salary workers All other classes of workers No previous work experience Percent not shown where base is less than 50, (I) (I) 5 1

119 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-10: Unemployed persons by reason tar unemployment, sex, age, and color Reason for unemployment Total unemployed Male, 20 years and jver Female, 20 years and over JBoth sexes, 16 to 19 years White Nonwhite UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL Total unemployed, in thousands Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Total unemployed, percent distribution Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before 2,817 1, ,008 1, i , , , , LOO.O UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Total unemployment rate Job-loser rate Job-leav.er rate Reentrant rate New entrant rate A-ll: Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age (Percent distribution) Total unemployed Duration of unemployment Reason, sex, and age Thousands of persons Percent Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Total, 16 years and over Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before 2,817 1, Male, 20 years and over Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Female, 20 years and over Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Lost last job Left last job Reentered labor force Never worked before 'Percent not shown where base is less than 50,000.

120 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-12: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Household head Duration of unemployment Thousands Percent distribution Thousands Percent distribution Total 2,817 2, Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 5 to 10 weeks 11 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over... 1, , Average (mean) duration A-13: Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, color, and marital status Thousands of persons Sex, age, color, and marital status Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 15 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group Total 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over 2,817 1, , Male 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over 1, Female 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over 1, White: Total Male Female 2,226 1,142 1,084 1, Nonwhite: Total Male Female Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated, * Single (never married)

121 A-14: Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES Occupation and industry Less than 5 weeks Thousands of persons > to 14 weeks 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and Less than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 15 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and managerial Clerical workers Sales workers, Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods INDUSTRY l Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries. Public administration No previous work experience includes wage and salary workers only , II o * o l A-15i Employed persons by age and sex (In thousands) All industries 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Nonagricultural industries 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Agriculture 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years. 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Age and type of industry 75,920 5,780 2,403 3,377 8,762 47,569 15,265 16,220 16,083 10,744 6,383 4,362 3,065 72,103 5,385 2,159 3,226 8,514 45,622 14,758 15,561 15,303 9,986 5,969 4,017 2,597 3,817 3? , l,37 5,682 2,333 3,349 8,499 46,645 14,575 16,282 15,789 10,536 6,274 ^,263 3,010 70,528 5,277 2,072 3,205 8,271 44,650 14,064 15,608 14,977 9,767 5,864 3,904 2,563 3, , ,114 3,254 1,^53 1,802 4,812 31,062 10,405 10,55^ 10,102 6,893 4,038 2,854 2,093 44,957 2,914 1,244 1,670 4,600 29,531 10,005 10,042 9,485 6,248 3,694 2,554 1,664 3,157 3^ , ^ ,479 3,186 1,417 1,769 4,809 30,653 9,988 10,675 9,990 6,775 3,962 2,813 2,058 27,807 2, ,575 3,950 16,507 4,860 5,666 5,981 3,852 2,344 1, ,147 2, ,556 3,914 16,091 4,754 5,519 5,818 3,738 2,275 1, ^ *5 4o 26,893 2, ,580 3,690 15,993 4,587 5,608 5,799 3,762 2,312 1, ,213 2, ,557 3,662 15,565 4,480 5,451 5,634 3,639 2,239 1,

122 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-16: Employed persons by occupation group, age, and sex (In thousands) Occupation Male, 20 years and over Female, 20 years and over Male, years Female, years Total... 75,920 74,372 44,859 44,294 25,281 24, ,186 2,525 2,496 White-collar workers 35,551 34,232 18,469 17,871 15,043 14, ,392 1,372 Professional and technical Medical and other health Teachers, except college Other professional and technical 10,325 1,635 2,237 6,453 9,879 1,578 2,159 6,143 6, ,057 6, ,823 3, ,562 1,257 3, ,515 1, Managers, officials, and proprietors Salaried workers Self-employed workers in retail trade Self-employed workers, except retail trade 7,776 5,502 1,099 1,176 7,495 5,284 1,074 1,137 6,509 4, ,019 6,293 4, , , Q y Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries... Other clerical workers 12,803 3,347 9,455 12,333 3,190 9,144 3, ,064 3, ,049 8,361 2,977 5,384 7,890 2,792 5, , , Sales workers Retail trade. Other sales workers 4,647 2,788 1,859 4,525 2,761 1,765 2, ,593 2, ,510 1,656 1, ,666 1, Blue-collar workers 27,524 27,261 21,002 20,941 4,447 4,310 1,810 1, Craftsmen and foremen Carpenters Construction craftsmen, except carpenters Mechanics and repairmen Metal craftsmen, except mechanics Other craftsmen and kindred workers... Foremen, not elsewhere classified 10, ,901 2,628 1,261 1,912 1,444 9, ,923 2,539 1,260 1,858 1,427 9, ,841 2,500 1,224 1,714 1,331 9, ,869 2,424 1,225 1,686 1, Operatives Drivers and de liverymen Other operatives Durable goods manufacturing Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries 13,955 2,547 11,407 4,711 3,849 2,841 13,884 2,511 11,372 4,751 3,761 2,861 8,874 2,337 6,536 3,198 1,591 1,747 8,901 2,317 6,583 3,233 1,579 1,772 4, ,957 1,262 2, , ,876 1,246 1, Nonfarm laborers Construction Manufacturing Other industries Service workers Private household workers Service workers, except private household.. Protective service workers Waiters, cooks, and bartenders Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen Paid workers Unpaid family workers 3, ,076 1,737 9,381 1,725 7, ,080 4,624 3,464 1,926 1,538 1, , ,107 1,694 9,325 1,769 7, ,061 4,541 3,554 1,970 1,584 1, , ,174 2, , ,482 2,568 1, , ,163 2, , ,522 2,620 1, ,253 1,375 3, ,294 2, ,193 1,407 3, ,291 2,

123 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-17: Employed persons by major occupation group, color, and sex (Percent distribution) Female Occupation group and color TOTAL Total employed (thousands) Percent 75,920 74,372 48,114 47,479 27,807 26,893 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers , Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen 6.0 3,8.3.4 WHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 67, , , , , , Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen. Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen NONWHITE Total employed (thousands) Percent 8,169 8,011 4,702 4,646 3,467 3,366 White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors... Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers _ Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen

124 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-18: Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex (In thousands) Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Age and sex Wage and salary workers Private household workers Self employed Unpaid family workers Wage and salary workers Self employed Unpaid family workers Total to 19 years 16 and 17 years...,18 and 19 years to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years years and over... 66,517 5,289 2,100 3,189 8,362 14,038 14,230 13,785 8,790 5,281 3,509 2,022 1, , ,359 2,359 2,569 2,695 1,769 1, ,012 4,368 1,606 2,762 6,894 11,504 11,414 10,736 6,627 4,009 2,618 1,469 5, ,207 1,364 1, , , Male 16 to 19 years and 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 years and over. 41,041 2,851 1,202 1,649 4,517 9,504 9,085 8,433 5,387 3,198 2,189 1, , ,394 1,518 1, ,431 2,539 1,045 1,494 3,956 8,098 7,555 6,889 4,368 2,597 1,772 1,026 3, , , , Female 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 years and over. 25,475 2, ,540 3,844 4,534 5,146 5,352 3,403 2,083 1, , , ,051 1, ,580 1, ,268 2,938 3,406 3,859 3,847 2,259 1, ,

125 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-19: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex (In thousands) All industrie Nonagricultural industries Reason not working Wage and salary workers Unpaid absence Total Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute. All other reasons.. 4,206 2,180 1, ,831 1,974 1, ,059 2,157 1, ,701 1,948 1, ,047 1, ,878 1, , , Mai* Vacation, Illness All other reasons.. 2,k6o 1, ,264 1, ,325 1, ,146 1, , Female Vacation Illness All other reasons.. 1, * , , , Excludes private household. Pay status not available separately for Bad weather and Industrial dispute; these categories are included in All other reasons. A : Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work Thou sands of persor s Percent distribution Hours of work All industries Nonagricultural industries All industries Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Total at work 1-34 hours 1-4 hours 5-14 hours hours hours 71,714 15, ,242 7,276 4,724 68,044 I4,7a ,962 6,671 4,517 3,670 1, hours 40 hours 49 to 59 hours.. 55,789 4,725 28,488 22,576 9,442 6,938 6,196 53,258 4,538 28,120 20,600 9,133 6,474 4,993 2, , , o.i k6.3 5

126 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-21: Persons at work 1-34 hours by usual status and reason working part-time (In thousands) Nonagricultural industries Reasons working part time Total Usually work full time Usually work Total Usually work full time Usually work part time Total 15,926 5,934 9,992 14,785 5,513 9,272 Economic reasons Slack work Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment New job started during week Job terminated during week Could find only part-time work 1, , , Other reasons Does not want, or unavailable for, full-time work... Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday Full time for this job All other reasons 13,956 7, , ,276 1,273 1,497 4, , ,276 1,048 9,075 7, , ,068 6, , ,273 1,223 1,377 4, , ,273 1,004 8,452 6, , Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons Worked 30 to 34 hours: Economic reasons Other reasons 543 4, , , , , ,349 A-22: Nonagricultural workers by full- or part-time status Industry Total at work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Percent distribution Total On full-time schedules 40 hours or less 41 to 48 hours 49 hours Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers schedules Tcal^ Wage and salary workers Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Private households All other service Public administration Self-employed workers 'Mining not shown separately but included in totals.

127 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-23: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, e^ sex, color, and marital status On full-time schedules Age, sex, color and marital status Total On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total 40 hours or less 41 hours or more Average hours, total at work (In thousands) TOTAL Total, 16 years and over. 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and ovet 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 68,044 8,575 5,218 2,095 3,123 62,826 8,138 54,688 28,710 23,573 2,405 1, , , ,452 2,908 2,357 1, , ,122 2,236 1, ,877 5,242 2, ,054 55,322 6,933 48,389 25,936 21,012 1,439 37,277 3,947 1, ,557 35,349 4,932 30,417 15,968 13, ,600 1, ,973 2,001 17,972 9,968 7, Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and47 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years,,.45 to 64 years 65 years and over 42,632 4,442 2,824 1,205 1,618 39,809 4,431 35,378 19,105 14,733 1, ,736 1,553 1, , , ,066 2,660 1, ,035 37,703 3,885 33,818 18,623 14,191 1,003 22,336 1, ,406 2,384 19,023 10,106 8, , ,297 1,501 14,795 8,517 5, Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 25,412 4,132 2, ,505 23,018 3,708 19,310 9,605 8, ,716 1,355 1, , ,109 2,005 1, ,810 2,580 1, ,019 17,620 3,049 14,571 7,314 6, ,940 2, ,943 2,549 11,394 5,863 5, , , ,177 1,451 1, COLOR Total White Male Female 60,781 38,515 22,266 1, ,614 2,507 5,107 51,858 35,359 16,499 32,765 19,722 13,043 19,093 15,637 3, Total Nonwhite Male Female. 7,263 4,117 3, ,019 3,707 2,312 4,512 2,614 1,898 1,507 1, MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 33,586 2,135 6, ,723 32,243 1,929 4,894 17,767 1,203 3,365 14, , Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 14,661 4,911 5, , ,408 10,692 3,895 4,223 8,516 2,956 3,468 2,

128 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-23: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full- or part-time status, age, sex, color, and marital status Continued On full-time schedules Age, sex, color and marital status Total work On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time Total 40 hours or less 41 hours or more (Percent distribution) TOTAL Total, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years, to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over. 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Males, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 and 19 years 16 and 17 years, 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Females, 16 years and over 16 to 21 years 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 years and over 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over COLOR Total White Male Female Total Nonwhite Male Female MARITAL STATUS Male: Married, wife present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Female: Married, husband present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) %

129 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A : P e r s o n s a t w o r k i n n o n f a r m o c c u p a t i o n s b y f u l l - o r p a r t - t i m e s t a t u s a n d s e x On full-time schedules Occupation group and sex Total at work On part time for On voluntary part time 49 hours or more Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on full-time schedules (Thousands of persons) TOTAL White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers Sales workers 33,572 9,556 7,406 12,203 4, ,290 1, ,879 1,057 28,920 8,414 7,073 10,175 3,258 18,355 5,301 2,823 8,441 1,792 3,955 1,139 1,175 1, ,610 1,974 3, Blue-collar workers... Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 25,922 9,436 13,132 3, , ,455 8,980 1,856 2,619 15,266 5,592 7,795 1,880 4,292 1,731 2, ,897 1,657 1, , Service workers Private household Other service workers. 8,886 1,650 7, , ,815 5, ,143 3, , , MALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 18,217 6,113 6,240 3,252 2, , ,036 5,736 6,063 2,945 2,288 8,732 3,364 2,264 2,054 1,047 2, , ,565 1,565 5, O O9 42, 46, Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 21,530 9,141 9,154 3, , ,726 8,726 8,473 2,528 12,216 5,400 5,007 1,810 3,749 1,687 1, ,761 1,639 1, Service workers Private household. Other service workers 3, , , ,512 1, , FEMALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers 15,355 3,443 1,166 8,950 1, , , ,885 2,677 1,010 7, ,624 1, , , , Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers 4, , , , , , Service workers Private household Other service workers. 5,736 1,617 4, , ,292 3, ,630 2, ,

130 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES A-24: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full- or part-time status and sex--continued Occupation group and sex Total On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time On full-time schedules 40 hours or less 41 to 48 hours 49 hours or more (Percent distribution) TOTAL White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers MALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers. Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers , 54, Service workers Private household Other service workers ,2 16, FEMALE White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors.. Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers

131 B-l: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES (In thousands) Industry Change to from 1966 TOTAL.. 68,134 66,030 64,034 60,832 2,104 4,100 PRIVATE SECTOR. 55,936 54,414 53,163 50,741 1,522 2,773 MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION.. 3,256 3,203 3,275 3, MANUFACTURING. 19,734 19,434 19,214 18, DURABLE GOODS... 11,574 11,422 11,284 10,i«o Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries, Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical equipment. Transportation equipment.... Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing o8 1, ,388 1,958 1, ,025, »1 629.O 1, ; , ,95 1, o ,350,7 1,35 1, , , ,30 1, ,73 1, , is! NONDURABLE GOODS.. 8,160 8,012 7,930 7, Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile-mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products... Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee. Leather and leather products.... 1, , ,06 1, , , ,047 1, , o3 96 1, , , '639^ O TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES. 4,346 4,271 4,151 4, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 14,115 13,613 13,245 12, WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE... 3,668 10,447 * 3,538 10,074 3,437 9,808 3,312 9, FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE. 3,357 3,217 3,100 3,023 l4o 257 SERVICES Hotels and other lodging places. Personal services Medical and other health services Educational services GOVERNMENT FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 10, ,02 2,65 1,04 12,198 2,736 9,462 10, ,02 2,43 1,00 H,6l6 2,719 8,897 9, I 1, , ,871 2,564 8,307 9, , ,091 2,378 7, , ,155 1 Preliminary.

132 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES Industry B-2: Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry (In thoi inds) Change to From L 1966 TOTAL PRIVATE MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING... DURABLE GOODS.. Ordnance and accessories.... Lumber and wood products...., Furniture and fixtures, Stone, clay, and glass products, Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical"... Electrical equipment. Transportation equipment Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufacturing... NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile-mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather and leather products WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE. 2 1 For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2, (Page 6 3). Preliminary. Industry TOTAL PRIVATE.. MINING... CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING Overtime hours DURABLE GOODS Overtime hours Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products. Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical.., Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufacturing... NONDURABLE GOODS Overtime hours Food and kindred products... Tobacco manufactures Textile-mill products... Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products... Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products. Petroleum and coal products]... Rubber and plastics products, nee Leather and leather products WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 46, ,748 14,482 8, ,03 1,07 1, , , ,058 1, , O ,551 3,085 9,467 2,665 45, ,705 14,300 8, , ,05 1, , , ,946 1, , ,126 2,982 9,144 2,560 44, ,784 14,297 8, ,099 1,05 1,34 1,32 1, ,926 1, , ,820 2,911 8,909 2,476 42, ,710 13,434 7, , ,21 1,140 1, ,719 1, '1, ,358 2,814 8,544 2,426 B-3: Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers* on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Average weekly hours ' » o.o 3 37.Q » to.2 4o , *For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 (Page 6 3). Preliminary unweighted averages Average hourly earnings ^ $ ^ * b $8 3ol $ I $5 2 0 l ol4 2, I.87 I , Average weekly earnings 2, $ o 29 IO $ * , $ $

133 QUARTERLY AVERAGE TABLES CONTENTS Page 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population by age and sex, seasonally adjusted : Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted.,,.» : Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted # 138 4: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted «* «.««139 5: Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted m 139 6: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 140 7: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted #... «140

134 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES 1: E m p l o y m e n t s t a t u s o f t h e n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n b y a g e a n d s e x, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Employment status, age, and sex th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 3rd 2nd 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th Total Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries On part time for economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Unemployed 82,637 79,097 76,403 3,677 72,726 1, " 810 2,695 82,424 78,835 75,975 3,724 72,251 1, ,861 82,194 81,891 78,658 78,418 75,838 75,567 3,908 4,048 71,930 71,519 1,690 1, ,820 2,851 81,645 78,178 75,106 3,924 71,181 1,874 1, ,072 81,088 77,633 74,593 3,833 70,760 1,939 1, ,040 80,293 76,843 73,886 3,770 70,116 1,830 1, ,957 80,257 76,843 73,993 3,908 70,085 1,988 1, ,850 79,798 76,466 73,640 3,887 69,753 1, ,826 79,129 75,948 73,057 3,911 69,146 1, ,891 78,516 78,116 75,465 75,185 72,585 72,308 4,040 4,123 68,545 68,185 1,672 1, ,880 2,877 77,684 74,886 71,799 4,197 67,602 1, ,087 Men, 20 years and over Total labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 48,987 45,913 44,982 2,717 42, ,991 45,891 44,888 2,771 42,116 1,003 48,744 48,616 45,784 45,824 44,786 44,788 2,859 2,926 41,927 41, ,035 48,424 45,653 44,580 2,859 41,721 1,073 48,278 45,475 44,412 2,805 41,606 1,063 48,061 45,169 44,072 2,784 41,288 1,097 47,998 45,140 44,115 2,843 41,272 1,025 47,670 44,860 43,784 2,833 20,951 1,076 47,439 44,752 43,637 2,855 40,782 1,115 47,363 44,770 43,671 2,926 40,745 1,099 47,275 44,764 43,596 2,968 40,628 1,168 47,098 44,688 43,451 3,036 40,415 1,237 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 26,675 25, , ,333 25, ,761 1,016 26,138 25, , ,991 24, ,-304 1,003 26,160 25, ,365 1,120 25,673 24, ,941 1,122 25,079 24, ,453 1,036 25,051 24, ,366 1,037 25,005 24, , ,562 23, , ,181 24,013 23,254 23, ,567 22, ,895 22, , Both sexes, years Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 6,510 5, , ,611 5, , ,736 5, , ,603 5, , ,365 5, , ,485 5, , ,595 5, , ,653 5, , ,601 5, , ,633 5, , ,514 5, , ,408 5, , ,301 5, , NOTE: Because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series, detail for the household data shown in tables 1 through 7 will not necessarily add to totals.

135 2: Employment status by color, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages (In thousands) HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES Characteristics th 3rd 2nd 1st 4 th 3rd 2nd 1st 3rd 2nd 1st 4th WHITE Total: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rat *. Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 70,409 69,996 68,284 67,711 2,124 2,285 41,419 41,359 40,664 40, ,197 22,833 22,454 22, ,758 67,538 2,220 41,176 40, ,663 21, ,735 67,488 2,248 41,316 40, ,578 21, ,455 67,047 2,408 41,170 40, ,698 21, ,894 66,486 2,408 0,956 ^0, ,259 21, ,030 65,723 2,306 40,514 39, ,720 20, ,351 66,115 2,235 40,682 39, ,716 20, ,957 65,752 2,205 40,380 39, ,681 20, ,287 65,051 2,236 40,222 39, ,220 20, ,966 64,701 2,265 40,305 39, ,885 20, ,812 64,534 2,278 40,335 39, ,741 20, ,525 64,059 2,466 40,243 39,221 1,022 20,638 19, Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,792 5, ,805 5, ,919 5, ,841 5, ,588 4, ,680 5, ,796 5, ,953 5, ,896 5, ,845 5, ,776 5, ,736 5, ,644 4, NONWHITE Total: Civilian labor force. Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 8,723 8, ,699 8, ,818 8, ,792 8, ,728, ,627 7, ,628 7, ,618 8, ,534 7, ,530 7, ,443 7, ,475 7, ,402 7, Males, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 4,507 4, ,513 4, ,563 4, ,553 4, ,494 4, ,502 4, ,506 4, ,507 4, ,491 4, ,480 4, ,428 4, ,477 4, ,463 4, Females, 20 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 3,469 3, ,407 3, ,457 3, ,450 3, ,446 3, ,343 3, ,342 3, ,374 3, ,322 3, ,294 3, ,297 3, ,288 3, ,265 3, Both sexes, 16 to 19 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate ! 54S (

136 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES 3: M a j o r u n e m p l o y m e n t i n d i c a t o r s, s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d Quarterly Averages (Unemployment rates) e> th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 3rd 4th Women 20 years and over Both sexes 16~19 years Labor force time lost^ OCCUPATION Managers offic ; als and proprietors S.8 Service workers ft Farm workers.. INDUSTRY Private wage and salary workers^.. Construction Transportation and public utilities Finance and service industries Government wage and salary workers... Agricultural wage and salary workers ^Insured unemployment under State Programs as a percent of average covered employment. 2Man-hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force man-hours. 3lncludes mining, not shown separately.

137 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES 4: Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Duration of unemployment 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 15 to 26 weeks. 27 weeks and over. 1, , , io , ,605 1, , , , , , , , , : Rates of unemployment by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages Age and sex th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th Total, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to' 24 years. 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Males 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years.. 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Females 16 years and over to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years. 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over , « o3 2, l4» U o U l o o B 8

138 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES 6: Employed persons by age and sex, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Age and sex TOTAL 4th 3rd 2nd 4 th 3rd 2nd 1st 4 th 3rd 2nd 1st 16 years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over MALE 76,403 5,698 2,374 3,346 8,892 61,815 47,836 13,951 75,975 75,838 75,567 5,770 2,382 3,360 8,835 61,370 47,454 13,827 5,880 2,443 3,411 8,665 61,290 47,480 13,780 5,790 2,418 3,399 8,670 61,100 47,506 13,679 75,106 74,593 73,886 73,99373,640 5,485 2,308 3,175 8,669 60,958 47,170 13,725 5,631 2,308 3,306 8,588 60,375 46,691 13,615 5,771 2,311 3,438 8,445 59,716 46,215 13,419 5,864 5,790 2,414 2,334 3,484 3,470 8,297 8,088 59,81859,761 46,50646,327 13,39713,412 73,057 72,585 72,308 71,799 5,789 2,277 3,497 7,931 59,335 45,924 13,340 5,660 2,214 3,424 7,967 58,944 45,770 13, ,856 45,743 13,160 5,438 2,201 3,240 7,741 58,613 45,542 13, years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years. 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over FEMALE 48,256 3,274 1,449 1,843 4,834 40,153 31,128 9,018 48,152 48,070 47,968 3,264 1,441 1,810 4,825 40,073 31,029 9,028 3,284 1,456 1,809 4,764 40,018 31,010 8,977 3,180 1,471 1,740 4,826 39,965 31,079 8,918 47,657 47,590 47,274 47,39847,018 3,076 1,428 1,659 4,824 39,764 30,833 8,923 3,178 1,413 1,756 4,870 39,547 30,661 8,874 3,202 1,371 1,814 4,789 39,329 30,468 8,779 3,283 3,235 1,468 1,421 1,846 1,826 4,748 4,616 39,366 39,172 30, ',65030,408 8,748 8,757 46,920 46,913 46,819 45,569 3,283 1,383 1,886 4,582 39,055 30,309 8,728 3,242 1,370 1,857 4,595 39,063 30,384 8,670 3,223 1,381 1,866 4,606 39,002 30,401 8,617 3,119 1,352 1,776 4,547 38,899 30,330 8, years and over 16 to 19 years 16 and 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 28,146 2, ,503 4,058 21,662 16,708 4,933 27,823 27,767 27,598 2, ,550 4,010 21,298 16,425 4,799, ,602,901 21,272 4,803 2, ,659 3,844 21,135 16,427 4,761 27,449 27,003 26,612 26,59526,622 2, ,516 3,845 21,193 16,337 4,829 2, ,549 3,718 20,828 16,030 4,741 2, ,624 3,656 20,386 15,747 4,640 2, ,637 3,550 20, , ,644 3,472,589,85615,919 4,655 15, 4,649 26,136 25,672 25,489 25,230 2, ,611 3,349 20,280 15,615 4,612 2, ,567 3,372 19,881 15,386 4,503 2, ,515 3,271 19,854 15,342 4,543 2, ,464 3,194 19,714 15,212 4,499 7: Employed persons by major occupation group, seasonally adjusted Quarterly Averages (In thousands) Occupation group th 3rd 2nd 1st 4th 3rd 2nd 1st 4 th 3rd 2nd 1st 4 th White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Blue-collar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers, Service workers, Farmers and farm laborers, 35,945 10,446 7,890 12,945 4,665 27,726 10,145 14,014 3,567 9,455 3,304 35,780 10,404 7,882 12,794 4,700 27,502 9,931 13,938 3,633 9,349 3,380 35,438 10,340 7,643 12,808 4,647 27,460 9,973 13,932 3,554 9,362 3,554 35,049 10,116 7,691 12,668 4,574 27,389 10,013 13,934 3,443 9,315 3,715 34,921 34,484 10,050 9,956 7,628 7,666 12,675 12,323 4,567 4,540 27,244 27,354 9,828 9,755 13,886 14,026 3,530 3,573 9,362 3,617 9,246 3,539 33,961133,568 9,803 9,709 7,435 7,249 12,24212,099 4,481 4,511 27,14627,293 9,834 9,973 13,77313,846 3,539 3,474 9,26C 3,486 9,437 3,636 33,715 9,586 7,429 12,195 4,504 26,935 9,700 13,804 3,431 9,426 3,584 33,426 9,452 7,527 11,938 4,508 26,946 9,656 13,733 3,557 9,209 3,576 32,805 9,244 7,374 11,638 4,549 26,966 9,553 13,903 3,510 9,041 3,756 32,340 8,961 7,291 11,479 4,609 26,958 9,422 13,893 3,643 9,174 3,804 32,104 8,908 7,157 11,453 4,586 26,637 9,418 13,516 3,703 9,157 3,888

139 Technical Note Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours and earnings, and labor turnover series concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitations is contained in technical notes for each of these series, available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics free of charge. INTRODUCTION The statistics in this periodical are compiled from three major sources; household interviews, (2) payroll reports from employers, and (3) administrative statistics of unemployment insurance systems. Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample survey of the population 16 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, color, marital status, occupations, hours of work, and duration of unemployment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of about 50,000 households, representing 449 areas in 863 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the 12th of the month. Data based on establishment pay roll records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The payroll survey provides detailed industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The figures are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing about 25 million nonagriculture wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full- or part-time, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the 12th of the month. Data based on administrative records of unemployment insurance systems furnish a complete count of insured unemployment among the two-thirds of the Nation*s labor force covered by unemployment insurance programs. Weekly reports, by State, are issued on the number of initial claims, the volume and rate of insured unemployment under State unemployment insurance programs, and the volume under programs of unemployment compensation for Federal employees, ex-servicemen, and railroad workers. These statistics are published by the Bureau of Employment Security, U.S. Department of Labor, in "Unemployment Insurance Claims." Relation between the household and payroll series The household and payroll data supplement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and trends of the two series are as follows: Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, and unpaid workers who wofked 15 hours or more during the survey week in family-operated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once and are classified according to the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during the survey week--that is, were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In 1 4 1

140 the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period. Hours of Work The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. Comparability of the household interview data with other series Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Bureau of Employment Security of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, State and local government, domestic service, self employment, unpaid family work, nonprofit organizations, and firms below a minimum size). In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household.survey. Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are cue inclusion of persons under 16 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than once if they worked on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series. Comparability of the payroll employment data with other series Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing' establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes contract construction, professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics. County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns, published jointly by the U.S. Departments of Commerce and Health, Education, and Welfare, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities. Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Not all nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. All workers in certain activities, such as interstate railroads, are excluded. In addition, small firms in covered industries are also excluded in 31 States. In general, these are establishments with less than four employees. Labor Force Data COLLECTION AND COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population, the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed, and persons not in the labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in <( Concepts and Methods Used in Manpower Statistics from the Current Population Survey" (BLS Report 313). This report is available from BLS on request. These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, 1 42

141 Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week. Inmates of institutions and persons under 16 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," are obtained from the Department of Defense. Each month, 50,000 occupied units are designated for interview. About 2,250 of these households are visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about percent. In addition to the 50,000 occupied units^there are 8,500 sample units in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year ago. CONCEPTS Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off, and whether or not they were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises of an Embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations. Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work, and (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A period of 2 weeks or more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Average duration is an arithmetic mean computed from a distribution by single weeks of unemployment. Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups. Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and persons on layoff. (2) Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer but who were out of the labor force prior to beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are persons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 weeks or longer. The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital status, color, etc. The job-loser, job-leaver, reentrant, and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate. Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and over who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of long-term physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off" season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also classified as not in the labor force. For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on a quarterly basis. The detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households that are new entrants to the sample and in those that are reentering the sample after 8 months' absence. Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Per-

142 sons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their latest full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived from the CPS household interviews are defined as in the 1960 Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The class-of-worker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "self-employed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a governmental unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage. Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Veterans Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However, all the hours are credited to the major job. Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are designated as working "full time"; persons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Part-time workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week, and inability to find full-time work. "Other reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home housework, school, no desire for full-time work, and full-time worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who worked from 1-34 hours for noneconomic reasons but usually work full time. 144 Full- and part-time labor force. The full-time labor force consists of persons working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (because fulltime work is not available), and unemployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time labor force consists of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time work. Persons with a job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time. Labor force time lost is a measure of man-hours lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary part-time employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available man-hours. It is computed by assuming: that unemployed persons looking for full-time work lost an average of 37 hours, (2) that those looking for parttime work lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary part-time workers during the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 37 hours and the actual number of hours they worked. ESTIMATING METHODS Under the estimation methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program. 1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by groups of sample areas and, within these, for six groups--color (white and nonwhite) within the three residence categories (urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm). The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 4 to 6 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc. 2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the Nation as a whole, in such characteristics as age, color, sex, and residence. Since these population characteristics are closely correlated with' labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows: a. First-stage ratio estimate. This is a procedure in which the sample proportions are weighted by the known 1960 Census data on the color-residence distribution of the population. This step takes into account the differences existing at the time of the 1960 Census between the color-residence distribution for the Nation and for the sample areas. b. Second-stage ratio estimate. In this step, the sample proportions are weighted by independent current estimates of the population by age, sex, and color. These estimates are prepared by carrying forward the most recent census data (1960) to take account of subsequent aging of the population, mortality, and migra-

143 tion between the United States and other countries. 3. Composite estimate 'procedure. In deriving statistics for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the current month. This procedure reduces the sampling variability of mo nth-to-mo nth changes especially and of the levels for most items also. Table A. Average standard error of major employment status categories Employment status and sex (In thousands) Average standard error of Monthly level Monthto-month change (consecutive months only) Rounding of Estimates The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however, are insignificant. Reliability of the Estimates Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. The standard error is a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variations that might occur by chance because only a sample of the population is surveyed. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from a complete census by less than the standard error. The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. BOTH SEXES Labor force and total employment Nonagricultural employment MALE Labor force and total Nonagricultural employment FEMALE Labor force and total employment Agriculture Nonagricultural employment Unemployment Table A shows the average standard error for the major employment status categories, by sex, computed from data for past months. Estimates of change derived from the survey are also subject to sampling variability. The standard error of change for consecutive months is also shown in table A. The standard errors of level shown in table A are acceptable approximations of the standard errors of year-to-year change. The figures presented in table B are to be used for other characteristics and are approximations of the standard errors of all such characteristics. They should be interpreted as providing an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard errors rather than as the precise standard error for any specific item. The standard error of the change in an item from one month to the next month is more closely related to the standard error of the monthly level for that item than to the size of the specific month-to-month change itself. Thus, in order to use the approximations to the standard errors of mo nth-to-month changes as presented in table C, it is first necessary to obtain the standard error of the monthly level of the item in table B, and then find the standard error of the month-to-mo nth change in table C corresponding to this standard error of level. It should Size of estimate ,000 2,500 5,000 10, , , , Table B- Standard error of level of monthly estimates (In thousands) Both sexes Total or white Male Total or. white Female Total or white Nonwhite Nonwhite Nonwhite

144 be noted that table C applies to estimates of change between 2 consecutive months. For changes between the current month and the same month last year, the standard errors of level shown in table B are acceptable approximations. Illustration: Assume that the tables showed the total number of persons working a specific number of hours as 15,000,000, an increase of 500,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the first column of table B shows that the standard error of 15,000,000 is about 133,000. Consequently, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by less than 133,000 from the figure which would have been obtained from a complete count of the number of persons working the given number of hours. Using the 133,000 as the standard error of the monthly level in table C, it may be seen that the standard error of the 500,000 increase is about 126,000. Table C. Standard error of estimates of month-to-month change (In thousands) The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed by using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size of the percentage and the size of the total upon which the percentage is based. Where the numerator is a subclass of the denominator, estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates of the numerator of the percentage, particularly if the percentage is large (50 percent or greater). Table D shows the standard errors for percentages derived from the survey. Linear interpolation may be used for percentages and base figures not shown in table D. Base of percentages (thousands) Table D. Standard error of percentage 1 or 99 2 or 98 5 or 95 Estimated percentage 10 or or or or or Standard error of monthly level Standard error of monthto-month change , , , , , , , , ?.?, ? ?, ^ ? ? Establishment Data COLLECTION Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location. Federal-State Cooperation Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national, State, and area estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents and, together with the use of identical techniques at the national and State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the establishment data to the BLS for use in preparing the national series. Shuttle Schedules Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS 790 Monthly Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form DL 1219 Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. These schedules are of the "shuttle" type, with space for each 'month of the calendar year. The collecting agency returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the next month T s data can be entered. This procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures he has reported for previous months. Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of full- and part-time workers on the payrolls of non- 146

145 agricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and man-hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The labor turnover schedule provides for the collection of information on the total number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month. CONCEPTS Industrial Classification Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 1219 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume. This information is collected each year on a supplement to the monthly 790 or 1219 report. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the most important product or activity. All national, State, and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series are classified in accordance with the Standard Industrial Classification Manual^ Bureau of the Budget, 1957, as amended by the 1963 Supplement. Industry Employment Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer, or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period and are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period, are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire period, or who are hired but have not reported to work during the period. Industry Hours and Earnings Hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and man-hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in contract construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining nonagriculture components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory. Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer than 1 week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis. Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and watchman services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers include the following employees in the contract construction division: working foremen, journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aids, teachers, draftsmen, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll covers the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of ttfe pay period which includes the 12th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also excluded. Man-hours cover man-hours paid for, during the pay period which includes the 12th of the month, for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. The manhours include hours paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime 14?

146 premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Gross Average Hourly and Weekly "Earnings Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis, reflecting not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. Shifts in the volume of employment between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers 1 earnings in individual establishments also affect the general earnings averages. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage* rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the production-worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisoryemployee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek, part-time work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absenteeism. Average Weekly Hours The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as absenteeism, labor turnover, part time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average Overtime Hours The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in excess of regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee worked on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month-tomonth; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straight-time workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industry-group level also may be caused by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Hours and Farnings For Total Private Nonagricultural Industries This series covers all nonagricultural industry divisions except government. The principal source of payroll data is Form BLS 790. Secondary source material such as Employment and Wages (Bureau of Employment Security), County Business Patterns (Bureau of the Census), and additional supporting information such as The Hospital Guide, Part II, of the American Hospital Association and special studies by the National Council of Churches supplement data for certain industry groups within the service division. For a technical description of this series, see the article, "Hours and Earnings for Workers in Private Nonagricultural Industries," published in the May Issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Railroad Hours and Earnings The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M-300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total numberof hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Spendable Average Weekly Earnings Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal social security and income taxes from gross weekly earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker and his marital status, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these variables, spendable earnings are computed for a worker with no dependents and a married worker with three dependents. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry division excluding other income "and income earned by other family members. "Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the earnings averages for the current month. The level of earnings is thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since the base period ( ). 148

147 Average Hourly Earnings Excluding Overtime Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total productionworker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production-worker man-hours and one-half of total overtime man-hours. Prior to January 1956, these data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp ). Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for at If times the straight-time rates. No adjustment is made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, late-shift work, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Payrolls and Man-Hours The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and manhours are prepared by dividing the current month! s aggregate by the monthly average for the period. The man-hour aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and production-worker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of gross average weekly earnings and production-worker employment. Labor Turnover Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees. The data relate to all employees, whether full- or part-time, permanent or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 1959, Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees. New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring from another establishment of the same company) or of former employees not recalled by the employer. Other accessions, which are not published separately but are included in total accessions, are all additions to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires, including transfers from another establishment of the company. Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and other separations, are defined as follows: Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired, and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days. Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker. 0 the r sep arations, which are not published separately but are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than 30 consecutive calendar days. Relationship to Employment Series Mo nth-to- month changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau T s employment series for the following reasons: Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay period which includes the 12th of the month; and (2) employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such, employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through the report period. ESTIMATING METHODS The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the use of size and regional stratification. The "Link Relative" Technique From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a link relative. The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives. In addition, small bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is determined from past experience. Other features of the general procedures are described later in the table, Summary of Methods for Computing Industry Statistics on Employment, Hours, Earnings, and Labor Turnover. Further details are given in the technical notes on Measurement of Employment, Hours, and Earnings in Non-agricultural Industries and on Measurement of Labor Turnover, which are available upon request. Size and Regional Stratification A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified produc- 149

148 tion- or nonsupervisory-worker data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry. Benchmark Adjustments Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which provide "benchmarks" for the various nonagriculturalindustries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually. The primary sources of benchmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations, covering three-fourths of the total nonagricultural employment in the United States, are prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Employment Security. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the records of the Social Sepurity Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in private industry or government. The estimates relating to the benchmark month are compared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the month-to-month changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions made in the last 3 benchmark years follows-. Nonagricultural payroll employment estimates, by industry division, as a percentage of the benchmark for Industry division Total Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade... Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the series has been adjusted are subject to revision. To provide users of the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data, the BLS publishes as soon as possible after each benchmark revision a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover statistics. THE SAMPLE Design The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments. The universe of establishments is stratified first by industry and then within each industry by size of establishment in terms of employment. For each industry, the number of sample units is distributed among the size class cells on the basis of average employment per establishment in each cell. In practice, this is equivalent to distributing the predetermined total number of establishments required in the sample among the cells on the basis of the ratio of employment in each cell to total employment in the industry. Within each noncertainty stratum the sample members are selected at random. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the samples for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the larger establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the smaller ones. Many industries in the trade and service divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to accept samples in these divisions with a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments in these nonmanufacturing divisions generally show less fluctuation from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than* establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in. terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates. In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover statistics programs, with their emphasis on pro- 1S0

149 ducing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail. Coverage The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. The table that follows shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March 1 Industry division Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities: Railroad transportation (ICC) Other transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade. Finance, insurance and real estate Services Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission) 2 State and local Number of establishments in sample 2,300 15,400 44, ,000 39,300 9,100 20,800 3,100 9,000 Employees Number reported 294, ,000 12,285, ,000 1,943,000 2,585,000 1,129,000 2,064,000 2,669,000 4,749,000 Percent of total Since a few establishments do not report payroll and man-hour information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. 2 State and area estimates of Federal employment are based on reports from a sample of Federal establishments, collected through the BLS-State cooperative program. The table below shows the approximate coverage, in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample, March Industry Manufacturing Metal mining Coal mining Communication: Telegraph Number reported 11,497,100 60,400 64, ,000 23,100 Reliability of the Employment Estimates Employees Percent of total The estimates derived from the establishment survey may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. The relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy. However, since the link relative technique requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate, small sampling and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to the sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences, generally minor, arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. (A detailed description of the March benchmark is available from the Bureau upon request.) One measure of the reliability of ratio estimates is the root mean square error (RMSE). This measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in ratio estimates (RMSE = \/(Standard Deviation) 2 + (Bias) 2 ). If the bias is small, the chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the root mean square error. The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the root mean square error. Approximations of the root mean square errors (based on the experience of the last several years) of differences between final estimates and benchmarks are presented in the following table. 15 1

150 Root-mean-square errors of differences between benchmarks and estimates Size of employment estimate 50, , , ,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 Root-mean-square error * 2,200 2,400 4,300 7,000 11,800 19,600 1 Assuming 12-month intervals between benchmark revisions. For the most recent months, estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been received. The table below presents root-mean-square-errors of the amounts of Errors of preliminary employment estimates Size of empl. estimate 50, , , ,000 1,000,000 2,000,000 10,000,000 Total Nonag. empl. Root-mean-square error of Monthly level 600 1,100 1,800 2,500 3,700 7,000 24,900 78,000 Month- to- month change 500 1,000 1,500 2,400 3,500 7,000 23,500 68,000 revision that may be expected between the preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary and final month-to-month changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than.1 of an hour for weekly hours or 1 cent for hourly earnings. STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earning sand Monthly Report on the Labor Force that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification. For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a summary volume published annually by the BLS. UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE DATA Insured unemployment represents the number of persons reporting a week of unemployment under an unemployment insurance program. It includes some persons who are working part time who would be counted as employed in the payroll and household surveys. Excluded are persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, State and local government, domestic service, self-employment, unpaid family work, nonprofit organizations, and firms below a minimum size). The rate of insured unemployment is the number of insured unemployed expressed as a percent of average covered employment in a 12-month period ending 6 to 8 months prior to the week of reference. Initial claims are notices filed by those losing jobs covered by an unemployment insurance program that they are starting a period of unemployment. A claimant who continues to be unemployed a full week is then counted in the insured unemployment figure. Because of differences in State laws and procedures under which unemployment insurance programs are operated, State unemployment rates generally indicate, but do not precisely measure, differences among the individual States. Persons wishing to receive a detailed description of the nature, sources, inclusions and exclusions, and limitations of unemployment insurance data should address their inquiries to Bureau of Employment Security, Washington, D.C. 152

151 Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a ^broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors but, in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Post Office Department in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions by the Post Office Department. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the data upon which the seasonally adjusted series is based. Factors currently in use for the establishment data are shown in the June ' Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, and revisions will be made coincidental with the adjustment of series to new benchmark levels. The seasonal adjustment method used for these series is an adaptation of the standard ratio-to-moving average method, with a provision for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the method is given in the booklet, The BLS Seasonal Factor Method (1966), which may be. obtained from the Bureau on request. For establishment data, the seasonally adjusted series on weekly hours and labor turnover rates for indusrrv groupings are computed by applying factors directly to the corresponding unadjusted series. However, seasonally adjusted employment totals for all employees and production workers by industry division are obtained by summing seasonally adjusted data for the component industries. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours, seasonally adjusted, for mining, contract construction, and the major industries in manufacturing are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the base. For total, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods, the indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly man-hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the base. For each of the three major labor force components agricultural and nonagricultural employment and unemployment data for four age-sex groups (male and female workers under age 20 and age 20 and over) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to give seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to produce seasonally adjusted total employment and civilian labor force data, the appropriate series are aggregated. The seasonally adjusted rate of unemployment is derived by dividing the seasonally adjusted figure for total unemployment (the sum of four seasonally adjusted age-sex components) by the figure for the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force (the sum of twelve seasonally adjusted age-sex components). The seasonal adjustment factors applying to current data are based on a pattern shown by past experience. These factors are revised in the light of the pattern revealed by subsequent data. Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the labor force based on, data through December are published in the February Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Revisions will be made annually as each additional year's data become available. ATTENTION As discussed in the Technical Note, the Bureau periodically adjusts the industry employment series to a recent benchmark to improve their accuracy. These adjustments may also affect the hours and earnings series because employment levels are used as weights. Industry data for all national series shown in this report have been adjusted to March benchmarks. Data from April forward are subject to revision at the time of the next benchmark. Beginning with the June and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, the national data in sections B, C, and D supersede those published in previous issues, as well as those appearing in the Handbook of Labor Statistics,. Comparable data are published in Employment and Earnings Statistics for the United States, , BLS Bulletin

152 Summary of Methods for Computing Industry Statistics on Employment, Hours, Earnings, and LnKor Turnover Item Basic estimating cells (industry, region, size, or region/size cell) Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups and, where stratified, individual cells) Monthly Data All employees. All-employee estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months. Sum of all-employee estimates for component cells. Production or nonsupervisory workers; women employees. All-employee estimate for current month multi - plied by ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, (2) ratio of women to all employees. Sum of production- or nonsupervisory-worker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for component cells. Gross average weekly hours Production- or nonsupervisory-worker man-hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. Average, weighted by production- or nonsupervisory-worker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells. Average weekly overtime hours Production-worker overtime man-hours divided by number of production workers. Average, weighted by production-worker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours foe component cells. Gross average hourly earnings.. Total production- or nonsupervisory-worker payroll divided by total production- or nonsupervisory-worker man-hours. Average, weighted by aggregate man-hours, of the average hourly earnings for component cells. Gross average weekly earnings.. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Labor turnover rates (total, men, and women). The number of particular actions (e.g., quits) in reporting firms divided by total employment in those firms. The result is multiplied by 100. For men (or women), the number of men (women) who quit is divided by the total number of men (women) employed. Average, weighted by employment, of the rates for component cells. Annual Average Data All employees and production or nonsupervisory workers. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Sum of monthly estimates divided by 12. Gross average weekly hours Annual total of aggregate man-hours (productionor nonsupervisory-worker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate man-hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Average weekly overtime hours. Annual total of aggregate overtime man-hours (production-worker emp'oyment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate overtime man-hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Gross average hourly earnings Annual total of aggregate payrolls (productionor nonsupervisory-worker employment multiplied by weekly earnings) divided by annual aggregate man-hours. Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate man-hours. Gross average weekly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Product of gross average weekly hours and Average hourly earnings. Labor turnover rates.. Sum of monthly rates divided by 12. Sum of monthly rates divided by U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969 O

153 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Bureau of Labor Statistics REGION I - BOSTON BLS Regional Director John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg. Government Center - Room 1603 A Boston, Mass REGION V - CHICAGO BLS Regional Director 219 South Dearborn Street Chicago, BLS Region Regional Offices REGION II - NEW YORK BLS Regional Director 341 Ninth Avenue New York, N. Y REGION VI - KANSAS CITY BLS Regional Director 911 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo REGION III- PHILADELPHIA BLS Regional Director Penn Square Bldg., Rm Filbert Street Philadelphia, Pa REGION VII - DALLAS BLS Regional Director 411 North Akard Street Dallas, Tex COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES REGION IV - ATLANTA BLS Regional Director 1371 Peachtree Street, N. E. Atlanta, Ga REGION VIII - SAN FRANCISCO BLS Regional Director 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box San Francisco, Calif IV VII VIII VII VIII VI I III HI IV IV VIII VIII V V VI VI V VII I HI I V V IV VI VI VI VII I II VII II III VI V VII VIII HI I IV VI IV VII VI I III VIII III V VI ALABAMA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. FLORIDA GEORGIA HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING -Department of Industrial Relations, Montgomery Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Juneau Unemployment Compensation Division, Employment Security Commission, Phoenix Employment Security Commission, Department of Labor, Little Rock Division of Labor Statistics and.research, Department of Industrial Relations, San Francisco (Employment). Research and Statistics, Department of Employment, Sacramento (Turnover). -Department of Employment, Denver Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Hartford Employment Security Commission, Wilmington U.S. Employment Service for D.C., Washington Industrial Commission, Tallahassee Employment Security Agency, Department of Labor, Atlanta Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, Honolulu Department of Employment, Boise Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor, Chicago Employment Security Division, Indianapolis Employment Security Commission, Des Moines Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, Topeka Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Economic Security, Frankfort Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor, Baton Rouge Employment Security Commission, Augusta Department of Employment Security, Baltimore Division of Statistics, Department of Labor and Industries, Boston (Employment). Division of Employment Security, Boston (Turnover). -Employment Security Commission, Detroit Department of Employment Security, St. Paul Employment Security Commission, Jackson Division of Employment Security, Jefferson City Unemployment Compensation Commission, Helena Division of Employment, Department of Labor, Lincoln 685^9 -Employment Security Department, Carson City Department of Employment Security, Concord Department of Labor and Industry: Bureau of Statisticsand Records (Employment); Division of Employment Security (Turnover), Trenton Employment Security Commission, Albuquerque Research and Statistics Office, Division of Employment, N. Y. State Department of Labor, State Campus Building 12, Albany Division of Statistics, Department of Labor, Raleigh (Employment). Bureau of Employment Security Research, Employment Security Commission, Raleigh (Turnover). -Unemployment Compensation Division, Workmen's Compensation Bureau, Bismarck Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 145 S. Front St., Columbus Employment Security Commission, Oklahoma City Department of Employment, Salem Bureau of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industry, Harrisburg Division of Statistics and Census, Department of Labor, Providence (Employment). Department of Employment Security, Providence (Turnover). -Employment Security Commission, Columbia Employment Security Department, Aberdeen Department of Employment Security, Nashville Employment Commission, Austin Department of Employment Security, Salt Lake City Department of Employment Security, Montpelier Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, Richmond (Employment). -Employment Security Department, Olympia Department of Employment Security, Charleston Unemployment Compensation Department, Madison Employment Security Commission, Casper Employment Commission, Richmond (Turnover).