H^L I ^ ^ ] B A fl^fl^^ Department Labor ^ %l^jb AA M^^^T Bureau Labor Statistics J02&, ^ICWU^^ Washington, DC ^8r

Transcription

1 H^L I ^ ^ ] B A fl^fl^^ Department Labor ^ %l^jb AA M^^^T Bureau Labor Statistics J02&, ^ICWU^^ Washington, DC ^8r Technical information: (202) USDL TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS Media contact: RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 2, THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: OCTOBER Employment rose in October and unemployment was unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall jobless rate was percent, and the rate for civilian workers was percent. Both rates were the same as in September, but down from those prevailing early in the year. Civilian employment as measured by the monthly survey of households rose by 350,000 in October to million. The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls as measured by the monthly survey of establishments advanced by 440,000 to 95.2 million. Each employment series was up about 6t5 million since the November 1982 recession trough. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons and the civilian worker unemployment rate were both unchanged in October. A total of 8.4 million persons were unemployed; the civilian worker jobless rate Was percent, 3.3 percentage points below the November 1982 recession high. (See table A-2.) Jobless rates among most major worker groups, including whites ( percent), blacks (15.4 percent), Hispanics (10.9 percent), and teenagers (1.8.8 percent), showed little, if any, change from September. The unemployment rate for adult men edged down over the month, to percent and has declined by a full percentage point since January. By contrast, the rate for adult women rose slightly to 6.9 percent, about the same level as early in the year. (See tables A-2 and A-3.) The average length of time an unemployed person had been jobless continued its downward trend, as the mean and median duration of unemployment declined over the month to 16.5 and weeks, respectively. The number of persons who had been out of work for 6 months or longer has declined by 600,000 since the beginning of the year. (See table A-7.) Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Civilian employment increased by 350,000 to million in October, after seasonal adjustment. The employment increase occurred entirely among adults. The proportion of the civilian population with jobs (the employment-population ratio) edged up to 59.7 percent over the month. (See table A-2.)

2 - 2 - The civilian labor force grew by 320,000 in October to million, after seasonal adjustment. Over the past year, the civilian labor force has risen by 2.2 million; adult women accounted for 1.3 million of the increase Table A* Major Indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted Category Labor force Jj Total employment \J«.. Civilian employment* Unemployment Not in labor force... Discouraged workers* Quarterly averages Monthly data II III Aug. Sept. Oct 115, , , ,146 8,496 62,484 1,295 I I.1 Sept.- j change Thousands of persons 115, , ,9 115, , , , , , , , , , , ,2 105, ,509 8,526 8,460 8,431) ,885 63, ,064 62, ,197 N.A. N.A.j N.A. J N.A. s: All workers \J All civilian workers Adult men* Adult women Teenagers. White Black * Hispanic origin Percent of labor force , 0. -0, 0 0 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Nonfarm payroll employment. Goods-producing Service-producing 93,790 24,862 68,928 Thousands of jobs 94,542p 94,523194,754p 95,195p 4p 25,054p 25,098 25,005p 25,071p 66p 69,488p 69,425 69,749p 70,124p,375p Average weekly hours: Total private nonfarm Manufacturing Manufacturing overtime p 40.5p 3.3p Hours of work I 35.3p 40.6p 3.3p I 35.1p -0.2p 40.5p -O.lp 3.3p Op J7 Includes the resident Armed Forces, p-preliminary. N.A.»not available.

3 - 3 - Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonagricultural payroll employment, at 95.2 million in October, seasonally adjusted, rose by 440,000 over the" month. Gains were rather widespread, with nearly two-thirds of the 185 industries in the BLS index of diffusion registering over-the-month Increases; this contrasts markedly with the prior month when only two-fifths of the industries showed increases. (See tables B-l and B-6.) The bulk of the October job growth occurred in the service-producing sector, paced by advances of 140,000 in retail trade and 130,000 in services. These two industry divisions have shown strong growth during the recovery, accounting for almost half of the total payroll employment gains during the period. Over-the-month increases also took place in transportation and public utilities, wholesale trade, and 'finance, insurance, and real estate about 25,000 each. In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment rose by 55,000, not enough to recoup the 115,000 decline in September* All of the October increase was in durable goods, where gains were pervasive; the largest were in machinery, fabricated metals, and lumber and wood products. Elsewhere in the sector, employment in mining and construction were both about unchanged from September levels. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls fell 0.2 hour in October to 35.1 hours. The manufacturing workweek edged down 0.1 hour, and factory overtime was unchanged at 3.3 hours the same level that has prevailed over the past 6 months. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weeekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at ( ), was about the same as in September. The manufacturing index (at 9) also was about unchanged over the month* (See table B 5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings were about unchanged in October, and average weekly earnings were down 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings edged down 1 cent to $8.42, and weekly earnings fell $3.73 "c $ Compared to a year earlier, hourly earnings were up 26 cents and weekly earnings rose $9. (See table B-3.)

4 - 4 - The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data) The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was ( ) in October, seasonally adjusted, essentially unchanged from September. For the 12 months ended in October, the increase (before seasonal adjustment) was 2.9 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements--fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing and interindustry employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0*3 percent during the 12-month period ended in September. (See table B-A.)

5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tawes, marked. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over 200,000 establisfiments employing over 35 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. The data in this release are affected by a number of technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained below. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys * The sample households in the household survey are selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most hours. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total. People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are persons not looking for work because they were laid off and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report to a job within 30 days. The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents the same measure with a civilian labor force base. Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are many differences between the two surveys, among which are the following: The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and members of the resident Armed Forces; The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed; the establishment survey does not; The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited by age; The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each June, when schools close and many young people enter the job market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

6 Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December period. The January revision is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end of the next section. Sampling variability Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent level of confidence the confidence limits used by BLS in its analyses the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for total unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these amounts. Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for men is.26 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points. In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data for the month of September are published in preliminary form in October and November and in final form in December. To remove errors that build up over time, a Comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to establish new benchmarks comprehensive counts of employment against which month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for the formation of new establishments. Additional statistics and other information In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $4.50 per issue or $31.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders. Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

7 Table A-1. Employment atatua of tha population, Including Armad Forcaa In the United Statea, by aex (Numbers In thousands) ^^^^^^ Not saeeonetty edjueted Emptoymant atatua and aax O:T. SFPT. 198* JUNE 1904 JULY AUG. DCT TOTAL Nonlnatltutlonal population' Labor force* Participation rata* Total employed* Employmant-populatlon ratio*.. Resident Armad Forcaa Civilian amployad Agriculture Nonagrlcultural Industries Unemployment rata* Not In labor force 176, , , ,659 3,407 99,252 9, , ,792 3, ,247 8,051 62, , , , ,262 3, ,994 7, , , , , , ,730 9, , , , , ,748 3, ,344 8, , * * * * , , , , ,969 3, ,744 8,526 63, , , , , ,2 3, ,923 8,460 63, , , , , ,586 3, ,472 8,431 62,9 Man, 16 years and over Nonlnatltutlonal population* Labor force* Participation rata* Total amployad* Employmant-populatlon ratio*.. Resident Armed Forcaa Civilian amployad Unemployment rata* 4,344 64, , ,543 57,693 5, ,352 65, , ,571 59,714 4,197 85,4 65, , ,557 59,716 4,127 84,3*4 64, , ,543 57,407 5, ,101 65, * ,545 59,378 4, ,179 65, , , ,756 85,257 65* *583 85, , , ,571 59,3 4,702 85,4 65, , ,557 59,466 4, 580 woniefi, 19 Nonlnatltutlonal population* Labor force* Participation rata* Total employed 1 Employment-population ratio* Resident Armed Forcaa, Civilian amployad * , , , , , ,222 50, * ,546 3,862 92,129 48, , ,563 4, ,873 50, , * 370 3*600 92,958 50, , ,787 93,0 49, , ,871 3, ,132 49, , ,898 3,758 93, , , ,120 3, The population and Armad Forcaa figuraa are not adjuatad for eeaeonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers appear In tha unadhiated and aeaaonally adjuatad columns. 1 Includes members of the Armad Forcaa stationed In the United 8tatee. percent of the nonlnetltutlonal population, * Total employment aa a percent of the nonlnatltutlonal population, * Unemployment aa a percent of tha labor force (Including the resident Armed Forcaa).

8 Tai>la A-2. Employmant atatua of tha civilian population by aax and aga (Number* in thouaanaa) Employment atatxa, aax, ana* age Nat eeaaonalry etfjweted SEOT. per. JUNE eaeonalry adhiatee" JULY AUG TOTAL Civilian nonlnatltutlonal population Participation rata Employad Employmant-populatlon ratio*... Unamployad Unemployment rata 174, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , * , I 176, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,431 Civilian nonlnatltutlonal population Civilian labor forea Participation rata Employad Employmant-populatlon ratio 1... Agriculture NonagricutturaJ Induetrtee Unamployad Unemployment rata 75,216 58, , ,511 52,069 4,3 76,451 60, , ,559 53,995 3,449 76,565 59, , ,443 54,167 3, ,216 58, , ,376 51,764 4, ,176 59, , , ,501 3,755 76,269 59, , ,455 53,334 3, , , ,2 53,507 3,853 76,451 59, , ,403 53,620 3, ,565 59, , ,316 53,898 3,758 Civilian nonlnatltutlonal papulation Participation rata Employment-population rame*... Agriculture Nonagrlcultural Induearlae Unemployment rata 84,443 45, , ,453 3, , , ,465 3, ,793 46, , ,972 3, ,443 44, , ,973 3,366 85,380 46, , ,523 2,955 85,488 46, , ,515 3, ,581 46, , ,255 3,264 85,688 45, , ,212 3, , , , ,462 3, eth eenee, M te H yeera CMllan nonlnatltutlonal poputatlen Participation rata Employad Employment-population ratio* Agriculture Nonagrlcultural Induatrtea 15,120 7, , , ,624 7, , ,788 1, ,598 7, , ,855 1, ,120 7, , ,993 1, ,728 8, , ,320 1,9 1 14,683 7, , ,201 1, ,653 7, , ,982 1, ,624 7, , ,092 1, ,598 7, , , 112 1, ' Tha population flgurea are not edjuated for aeaaonal variation; therefore. Identical number* appear In the unadjueted and aeaaonally edjutted column*. 1 Civilian employment aa a percent of tha civilian nonlnatltutlonal population.

9 Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers In thousands) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Not seasonally adjusted SEPT. 1S84 JUNE ' Seasonally adjusted' JULY AUG. WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio' 151,175 97, , , ,471 98, , , ,605 96, , , , , ,295 98, , , ,286 98, , , , ,471 98, , , ,605 98, , , 271 Man, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio' 51, , ,333 52, , , , C , , ,774 52, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio' * , , , , , , , , , , ,321, , , , , ,250, , , 32 5 Both sexes, 16 to 1t years Participation rate Employment-population ratio* Men Women 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , BUCK Civilian noninstitutional population... Participation rate Employment-population ratio* ,026 11, , , 126 6^.4 10, ,449 12, , * * , ,330 11, , , ,360 12, C , ,386 12, , , ,6 12, ? 10, , ,449 12,1* , , Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio' 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 58* , Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Participation rate Employment-population ratio* Men Women * J P7C 4C. P s;j 74. «3S1 4 0-? 4«. L 34.6 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 9,745 6, , ,713 6, , CO 5,794 6, i, ,745 6, , ,824 6, ,738 6, , ,785 6, ,713 6, , IC.7 9, M <, 6,3 V.' 6 4. * 5,64' 5 7..' 6ft" 1C. / ' The population figures are not ad)usted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers appear In the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. ' Clvi.ian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum 'o *ct».* because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispznics are includ.-j in both the white and black population groups.

10 Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators (Numbers In thousands) Category 1CT. Not seasonally adjusted SFPT. 193*. 1S ) JUNE Seasonally adjusted JULY AUG. CHARACTERISTIC Civilian employed, 16 years and over Married men, spouse present, Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 10?,659 38,TOO , ,792, ,452 26* ,970 38, ,953 5, ,748,072 25, * * *969 * , ,2,034 25, 6 5, ,023 25,891 5,344 MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagrlcultural Industries: Wags and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1.5T ,073 15,703 75, , ,146 15,799 78* , , *227 77,449 7* ,505 1, ,761 7, , ,043 15*685 78*355 1* * * *8 15*604 78*236 1* , ,554 15,782 77, 772 1,181 76,591 7, * , 163 1*185 76,979 7, ,481 1, ,369 16,046 78, ,114 7, PERSONS AT WORK 4 Nonagrlcultural Industries Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Part time for noneconomic reasons ,219 5, ,487 79,465 5, ,561 12,890 98,357 79,636 5,211 1,508 3,703 13,510 93, ,724 1,617 4, *500 78*496 5*491 1*654 3,837 12*514 96*848 78*659 5*300 1*589 3*711 12*889 96,921 78,799 5,324 1,749 3,576 12,797 96*448 78*291 5,496 1* ,577 78,459 5,479 1* Excludes persons "with a Job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, Illness, or Industrial dispute. Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures baaed on varying dafinltlona of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted (Psrcent) Quarterly averages Monthly data Measure 19S4 III IV I II III AUG. U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force U-2 Jeb losers as a percent of the civilian labor force U-3 -persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force U-4 full-time Jobseekers as a percent of the full-time civilian labor force U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force, Including the resident Armed Forces 9.3 «; U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force U-6 Total full-time Jobseekers plus % part-time Jobseekers plus '/> total on pan time for economic reasons as s percent of the civilian labor force less Vt of the part-time labor force U-7 Total fum-tlme Jobseekers plus V> part-time Jobseekers plus Vfc total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less </> of the part-time labor force ft N. A. N.A. 9.9 N.A. N A. - not tvsilibi*.

11 Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Category Number of unemployed persons (In thousands) s' 196* nct JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT, CHARACTERISTIC Total, 1$years and over Men, 16 years and over Men, 20 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 9,896 5,759 4*909 4,137 3* ,875 3,758 3,053 1,532 C.431 4,580 3,758 3,852 3, Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 2,330 1, , ,866 1, Full-time workers Part-time workers Labor force time lost* 8,319 1, ,480 7, INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utitlties Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 7, ,080 1, * , * * , C ,702 1, Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Aggregate hours- lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. Table A-7. Duration of unemployment (Mumpers in thousands) Weeks of unemployment "KT. Not seasonally adjusted 1584 JUNE Seasonally adjusted JULY AUG. SFPT. DURATION Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 3,477 2,600 3,306 1,200 2,106 3,493 2,318 2, , ,655 1,372 2,283 3,174 2,294 2,619 1,008 1,611 3,462 2,490 2,689 1,100 1,589 3,555 2,333 2,606 1,113 1,493 3,286 2,5 2,600 1,085 1,515 3,4 31 2,9 2,530 1,099 1,431 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks Total unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over PERCENT DISTRIBUTION * C 16.8! CO D

12 Table A-8. Reason for unemployment (Numbers In thou8«nd») Not seasonally a4)uatod Seasonally adjusted Reason SCOT. JUNE JULY AUG. NUMBER OP UNEMPLOYED Job losars On layoff Other Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 4, <»f» 3* ,43? 1,045 3, , ,323 1, *601 1*2 4, *322 1* *092 4*218 1*152 3, * ,211 1*109 3* ,298 1,052 4, * PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants I T UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants t.o Table A-9. persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Sex and age Number of unemployed persons (In thousands) s' CCT. JUNE JULY AUG. Total, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over Men, 16 years and over to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years. 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over... Women, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over... 9, * *020 2,178 6,002 5, ,75* 2, ,259 3,552 3, , ,450 2, ,46C ,109 4* ,702 1* ,060 2* , ,285 2, ,431 3,243 1* ,773 5,172 4, ,583 1, ,822 2, ,852 1,48V ,349 2, l> C , 12, < ? Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

13 Tabla A-10. Employmant atatua of black and other workara (Number* In thousands) Employment status Not seasonally adjusted CCT. 1*584 JUNE Seasonally adjusted' JULY AUG. Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio* Not In labor force 23,604 14, , ,088 24,292 15, , , ,978 24,351 1J , , ,915 23,604 14, , , , I -<J o2.7 13, , ,950 24,154 15, , , ,958 24,181 15, , , ,890 24,292 15, , , ,022 24,351 15, , , ,925 ' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers appear In the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. Tabla A-11. Occupational atatua of tha amployad and unamployad, not aaaaonally adjuatad (Numbers In thousands) vhnnsfi empioyejd UntMitploytd Total, 18 years and over' 102, ,262 9,383 7, Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty 23,863 10,8 13,022 25,219 11, Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, Including clerical 31,800 3,114 12,084 16,602 32,723 3,214 12,747 16,763 1, ,034 1, Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective 14,034 1,031 1,624 I- 11,378 14, ,744 11,479 1, ,538 1, , I Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 12,745 4,196 4,554 3,994 13,305 4,423 4,784 4,098 1, Operators, fabricators, and laborers.«..'. Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 16,556 8,072 4,368 4, ,481 17,252 8,121 4,680 4, , C 1, , Farming, forestry, snd fishing 3,661 3,548 37C 'Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

14 Tabla A-12. Employment atatua of mala Vlatnam-ara vatarana and nonvatarana by aga, not aoaaonally adjuatad (Numbart In thousand!) Civilian labor foroa Vataran atatua Civilian nonlnatltutlonal population Total PSfOSflt Of lat rct. VETERANS Total, 28 yaara and ovar 28toyaara 28 to 29 yaara 30 to 34 yaara 36 to yaara 40 yaara and ovar 7, , ,603 3, 362 2,543 7,6 5, C 3,015 1,860 7,475 5, ,558 3,248 2,270 6,892 5, ,774 2,836 1,768 7,071 4, ,449 3,081 2, NONVBTIrUNt Total, 28 to yaara 28 to 29 yaara 30 to 34 yaara 36 to yaara 20,277 8,760 6,943 4,574 21,432 9,034 7,571 4,827 19,092 8,191 6,567 4,334 20,348 8,512 7,236 4,600 17,690 7,503 6,133 4,054 19,271 7,995 6,692 4,364 1, NOTE: Mala Vlatnam-ara vatarana ara man who aarvad In tha Armad Foroar batwaan Auguat 6,1964 and May 7,1978. Nonvatarana ara man who hava navar aarvad In tha Arm- ad Foroaa; pubilahad data ara Mmltod to thoaa 28 to yaara of aga, tha group that moat eloaaly oorraaponda to tha bulk of tha Vlatnam-ara vataran population.

15 Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for ten large States (Numbers in thousands) State and employment status California Oc t. Net smsommy MHwtMl' Sept. June July Aug. Sept. Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 18,905 12,352 11, ,199 12,678 11, ,230 12, , ,905 12,333 11, ,116 12,683 11, ,143 12,646 11,610 1, ,169 12,665 11, ,199 12,690 11,6 1, Florida Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 8,400 4,990 4, ,604 5,184 4, ,624 5,1 4, ,0 8,400 4,938 4, ,347 3,020 4, ,566 5,080 4, ,584 5,084 4, ,604 5,109 4, Illinois Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 8,585 5,521 5, ,601 5,559 5, ,605 5,612 5, ,585 5,327 4, ,6 3,638 3, ,597 3,338 5, ,598 5,497 5, ,601 5,547 5, Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 4,494 3,014 2, ,516 3,048 2, ,519 3,054 2, ,494 2,991 2, ,309 3,061 2, ,511 3,0 2, ,513 3,038 2, ,516 3,052 2, Michigan Civiliannonlnstltutional population. 6,742 4,245 3, ,721 4,328 3, ,721 4,334 3, ,742 4,232 3, ,726 4,363 3, ,724 4,358 3, ,722 4,334 3, ,721 4,322 3, Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 5,766 3,652 3, ,806 3,751 3, ,811 3,771 3, ,766 3,661 3, C 5,794 3,777 3, ,798 3,812 3, ,801 3,807 3, ,806 3,804 3, New York Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 13,592 8,035 7, ,644 8,014 7, ,652 8,145 7, ,592 8,098 7, ,628 7,972 7, ,633 8,107 7, ,637 8,062 7, ,644 8,072 7, Ohio Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 8,051 5,159 4, ,051 5,159 4, ,053 5,185 4, ,051 3,110 4, ,050 5,072 4, ,050 5,1 4, ,050 5,100 4, ,051 5,145 4, Pennsylvania Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 9,194 5,585 5, ,215 5,497 5, ,219 5,558 5, ,194 3,532 4, ,208 5,581 5, ,210 5,542 4, ,212 5,451 4, ,215 5,483 4, Texas Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population. 11,353 7,661 7, *.9 11,638 8,075 7, ,667 8,051 7, ' These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates u*ed in the administration of Federal fund allocation programs. 11,353 7,666 7, ,559 8,011 7, ,585 8,097 7, ,610 8,036 7, ,638 8,058 7, 'The population figures are not ad usted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical number;- appear In the unadjusted and the seasonally adlusted columns.

16 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employaas on nonagricultural payrolls by Industry (In thousands) Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally equated Aug. Sept. June July Aug. Sept. Total 92,049 94,500 95,306 95,940 91,345 94,135 94,350 94,523 94,754 95,195 Total private 76,081 79,401 79,593 79,740 75,481 78,2 78,422 78,566 78,694 79,108 Goods-producing 24,302 25,548 25,582 25,505 23,895 24,974 25,059 25,098 25,005 25,071 Mining Oil and gas extraction ,028 1, I 6.6 1, , , , , , Construction General building contractors 4,285 1, ,670 1, ,654 1, ,651 1,19 4,044 1,053 4,343 1,135 4,356 1,133 4,356 1,132 4,374 1,140 4,388 1,140 Manufacturing Production workers 19,052 13,082 19,850 13,6 19,904 13,716 19,838 13,662 18,886 12,928 19,629 13,492 19,696 13,5 19,725 13, ,611 13,450 19,667 13,505 Durable goods Production workers 11,140 7,482 11,760 7,919 11,830 7,996 11,819 7,988 11,071 7,421 11,652 7,860 11,702 7,899 11,758 7,945 11,690 7,876 11,748 7,925 Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal Industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ,8 2,072 2,097 1, , ,234 2,266 1, , ,504,,247.,281,, , , ,504 2,251 2,27 1, ,408 2,077 2,086 1, ,479 2,226 2,237 1, ,490 2,242 2,252 1, ,491 2,252 2,267 1, ,485 2,2 2,263 1, ,494 2,256-2,264 1, Nondurable goods Production workers 7,912 5,600 8,090 5,722 8,074 5,720 8,019 5,674 7,815 5,507 7,977 5,632 7,994 5,642 7,967 5,613 7,921 5,574 7,919 5,580 Food and Kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastlcrprdducts Leather and leather products 1, , 764, 1,204, 670, 1,310, 1, , , 1, , ,367, 1, , ,, , ,372, , ,12 68,377.8, , , ,311 1, , , ,362 1, , , ,368 1, , , ,371 1, , , ,375 1, , , ,378 1, Service-producing 67,747 68,952 69,724 70,435 67,450 69,161 69,291 69,425 69,749 70,124 Transportation and public utilities Transportation Communication and public utilities 5,098 2,821 2,277 5,220 2,924 2,296 5,263 2,986 2,277 5,285 3,014 2,271 5,053 2,776 2,277 5,163 2,883 2,280 5,175 2,896 2,279 5,202 2,924 2, ,936 2,275 5,238 2,967 2,271 Wholesale trade Durable goods Nondurable goods 5,344 3,118 2,226 5,571 3,291 2,280 5,602 3,295 2,307 5,637 3,312 2,325 5,322 3,113 2,209 5,502 3,249 2,253 5,528 3, ,544 3,278 2,266 5,585 3,292 2,293 5,612 3,305 2,307 Retail trade General merchandise stores Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations Eating and drinking places 15,802 2, , , , ,409 2, , , , ,486 2, , , ,0.8 16,543 2, , , , ,737 2,179 2,587 1,695' 5,071 16,245 2,295 2,6 1,751 5,199 16,283 2,301 2,648 1,762 5,211 16,295 2,303 2,640 1,758 5,238 16,3 2,315 2,65,0 1,754 5,253 16,477 2,353 2,676 1,763 5,276 Finance, insurance, end real estate Finance Insurance Real estate 5,508 2,770 1,722 1,016 5,760 2,881 1,768 1,111 5,707 2,863 1,763 1,081 5,709 2,872 1,768 1,069 5,512 2,769 1,725 1,018 5,676 2,858 1,752 1,066 5,676 2,854 1,759 1,063 5,679 2,850 1,763 1,066 5,684 2,857 1, ,712 2,869 1,772 1,071 Services Business services Health services 20,027 3, , ,893 4, , ,953 4, , ,061 4,15 6, ,962 3,672 6,007 20,681 4,014 6,064 20,701 4,035 6,079 20,748 4,069 6,034 20,870 4,084 6,086 20,998 4,112 6,102 Government Federal State Local.. 15,968 2,742 3,747 9,479 15,099 2,818 3,513 8,768 15,713 2,757 3,658 9,298 16,200 2,755 3,820 9,625 15,864 2,760 3,667 9,437 15,894 15,928 2,777 2,779 3,699 3,697 9,8 9,452 15,957 2,785 3,714 9,458 16,060 2,785 3,729 9,546 16,087 2,772 3,738 9,577 p = preliminary.

17 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. Sept P P June July Aug. Sept P P Total private 35.3 I Mining Construction Manufacturing Overtime hours 40.7 j 3.4 I Durable goods Overtime hours.3 i 3.5! Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing I, i 40.6 I , 40,, 42, , , , , Nondurable goods. Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate > I , ,. 36, , , Services ' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonagricultural payrolls. ' This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p * preliminary.

18 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervieory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Aug. Sept 'P Aug. Sept. Total private S»a$onallyadlu$t*d $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ CttOA staring Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal Industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real See footnote 1, table B-2. p«preliminary. Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervieory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by industry (1977=100) Not i tad Seasonally adjusted Industry Aug. Sept p. p Percent change from: - June July Aug. Sept. p p Percent ehango from: Sept. - Total private nonfarm: Current dollars Cortstant(1t77)do!tars Mmtng Construction Manufacturing Transportation and pubhc utnwes Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance. Insurance, and real estate 157, , , / 160, , , , N.A (3) <5) N.A See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 Percent change Is less than.»>5 p-j-crnt. 3 Percent change Is -0.3 percent from Sop fiai.t I9:j 11 September, the latest month available. 4 Percent change la.2 percent t.-no. AH>;-I< IM'.'tc September, the latest month available. 5 These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component Is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. N.A. - not available, p " preliminary. Digitized for FRASER (4)

19 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTAYUiMWtNT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nanaf/tawitwr' payrolls by industry (1977» 100) Not seasonally ad usted Seasonally Industry Aug. Sept. Oct P P June July Aug. Sept P Oct. Total Goods-producing Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ^ , , , , , 70, , 114, 97, , , , Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products. Leather and leather products Service-producing Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Services ' See footnote 1, table B , , , Ill p = p-eliminary , 95, 84, 112, , Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased Thne span Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sa*. Nov. Dec. ill ill ill ill p p < p p p p p p Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1.3. and 6 month spans, on payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries, p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans.