United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C

Transcription

1 United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C Technical information: (202) Media contact: USDL TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY Employment rose substantially in, while unemployment was little changed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall unemployment rate was 9 percent, and the rate for civilian workers was 0 percent. Both were a full percentage point lower than a year earlier, with the improvement particularly strong since February. Total civilian employment as measured by the monthly survey of households rose by 470,000 in. The number of nonagricultural payroll jobs as measured by the monthly survey of establishments was up by 300,000. Over the past year, the two employment series have advanced by 2.8 and 2.5 million, respectively. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons, 7.2 million in, and the civilian unemployment rate, 0 percent, were little changed from, after seasonal adjustment. Similarly, jobless rates for adult men and women (both at 4 percent), teenagers (15 percent), whites (1 percent), blacks (12.6 percent), and Hispanics (7.9 percent) all showed little change between ' and. Over the past year, however, unemployment rates dropped considerably for all these worker groups. (See tables A-2 and A-3.) The number of persons jobless for 15 weeks or more fell by about 150,000 in to 1.9 million, the lowest level since The average (mean) duration of unemployment fell from 18 weeks in to 10 weeks in. (See table A-7.) Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Civilian employment rose by 470,000 in to million on a seasonally adjusted basis. Over the year, employment increased by 2.8 million, with adult women accounting for 1.4 million of the gain, adult nen for 1.2 million, and teenagers for 200,000. (See table A-2.) The civilian labor force increased by about 435,000 in, after seasonal adjustment, following a drop of sinilar magnitude.in the previous

2 - 2 - month* Prior to seasonal adjustment, very large labor force increases typically occur in the April-to- period, as young people leave school and enter the summer job market. This often results in uneven Table A, Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted Category Labor force If Total employment If. Civilian employment Unempl oyment Not in labor force... Discouraged workers Quarterly averages 120, , , ,254 7,948 62,800 1,168 I "1 Monthly data II 1 Jul y Thousand 8 of persons 121,31 121, , , , , , , , , , ,257 7,435 7,546 7,260 I 62,912 62,540 63,187 1,037 N.A.I N.A.j 121, , , ,727 7,224 62,933 N.A. Unemployment rates: All workers If All civilian workers Adult men Adul t women Teenagers White*. Black Hispanic origin... 5, Percent of labor force ll j ll.5.2! , 5, ESTABLISHMENT DATA Nonfarm employment..., Goods-producing, Service-produc ing 101,133 24,733 76,399 Thousands of jobs pl01, ,7081plOl,811 pl02,115 p24,762 24,7521 P24,775 p24,849 p76,944 76,956 p77,036 p77,266 Average weekly hours: Total private Manufac turing Overtime 38.0 T p38 p40.9 p3.7 Hours of work r p38 p4l.0 p3.7 p3 p.0 p3.8 1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces. p= preliminary. N.A.=not available,

3 - 3 - month-to-month changes in the labor force, even after seasonal adjustment. During this year's summer expansion period, the labor force was up about after seasonal adjustment. (See table A-2.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonagricultural employment rose by about 300,000 in to million, after seasonal adjustment. This increase followed 2 months of slow job growth in business establishments. While the service-producing sector accounted for most of the over-the-month employment increase, as it usually does, job gains were also widespread in manufacturing industries, after seasonal adjustment. (See table B-l.) In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment rose by 70,000, to 19.1 million in. This gain occurred despite an employment decline of 40,000 in motor vehicles and equipment, primarily reflecting model changeover and inventory adjustments. Construction employment was unchanged in and has experienced little movement, on a seasonally adjusted basis, since January. The number of jobs in mining and its oil and gas extraction component edged up, continuing a recent trend of small employment gains. In the service-producing sector, the services industry rose by 80,000 in, paced by a 35,000 gain in its health services component. Employment in retail trade advanced by 60,000, following 2 months of little change. The finance, insurance, and real estate industry continued to expand, gaining 20,000 jobs in. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged down 0.1 hour in to 3 hours, seasonally adjusted. Manufacturing hours remained at very high levels. The workweek was at.0 hours for the third month in a row, and factory overtime edged back up to 3.8 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased 0.3 percent to (1977=100), seasonally adjusted. Reflecting 's employment gains, the manufacturing index rose by 0.5 percent to (See table B-) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings were little changed on a seasonally adjusted basis in. Prior to seasonal adjustment, hourly earnings decreased by 1 cent to $8.91, and weekly earnings were down 35 cents to $311.8 (See table B-3.)

4 - 4 - The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data) The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was (1977=100) in, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.2 percent from. For the 12 months ended in, the increase was 2.4 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 1.4 percent during the 12-month period ended in. (See table B-) The Employment Situation for August will be released on Friday, September 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the.information on the labor force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked. It is a sample survey of about 59,500 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over 290,000 establishments employing over 38 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. The data in this release are affected by a number of technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained below. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys The sample households in the household survey are selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most hours. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total. People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents the same measure with a civilian labor force base. Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are many differences between the two surveys, among which are the following: The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and members of the resident Armed Forces; The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed; the establishment survey does not; The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited by age; The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each, when schools close and many young people enter the job market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

6 Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor force each is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January- period and again for the -December period. The January revision is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along with.the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end of the next section. Sampling variability Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent level of confidence the confidence limits used by BLS in its analyses the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for total unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these amounts. Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for men is.26 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points. In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data for the month of September are published in preliminary form in October and November and in final form in December. To remove errors that build up over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to establish new benchmarks comprehensive counts of employment against which month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for the formation of new establishments. Additional statistics and other information In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for$8.50 per issue or$22.00per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2020 A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders. Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

7 Tabla A*1. Employment status of tha population, Including Armad Forcos In tha Unltad Stataa, by aax (Numbers In thouaandal Jun«TOTAL Noninatltutlonal population 4 Laborforce* Participation rata* Total employed* Employment-population ratto*.. RaaldantArmadforoaa Civilian amployad Agriculture Nonagrlcultural Induatrtet Unamployad Unemployment rata* Not In laborforca 182, , , , ,832 3, ,176 8, , ,1 122, , , ,498 3, ,837 7, , , , , , ,652 3, ,898 7, , , , , ,887 3, ,763 8, , , , , , , ,084 7, , , , , , , ,545 7, , , , , t81 121, ,718 I 12,257 3, ,079 7, , , , , , ,/27 3, ,508 7, ,933 Man, 18 yaara and over Noninatltutlonal population* Laborforca* Participation rata* Total employed* Employment-population ratio*.. Raaldant Armed Force* Civilian employed Unamployad, Unemployment rata* 87,373 68, , ,518 62,568 4, ,4 68* , ,559 63,045 4, ,534 69, , ,561 63,814 3, ,373 66, , ,518 60,884 4, , , ,575 61,707 4, , ,575 61,8 4, , ,4 67, , ,559 61,912 4, , , , ,561 62,154 3,9 8 Women, 18 yaara and ova Nonlnatltutlonat population* Laborforca* Participation rata* Total amployad* Employment-population ratio 4,. Raaldant Armed Force* Civilian amployad Unemployment rata* 94,981 53, , ,263 3, , , ,453 3,456 4 The population and Armed Forces figure* ara not adjuatad for aaaaonal variation; therefore. Identical number* appear In the unadjusted and aaaaonally adjuatad column*. * Include* member* of the Armed Force* atationad in the Unltad State*. 96,071 54, , ,839 3, ,981 52, , ,003 3,664 9 ± 95,729 53, , ,661 3, ,808 53, , ,993 3, ,898 53, , ,979 53, , t , ,071 54, , ,574 1 * Labor force a* a percent of the noninstltutlonal population. 4 Total employment as a percent of the noninstltutlonal population. * Unemployment a* a percent of the labor forca (Including the resident Armed Force*).

8

9 Table A-3. Employment status of the chrtllan population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers In thousands) Employment status, race, sex, ege, and Hispanic origin Not eeaeonaffy edfuetod Seasonally adjusted 1 Hay Juna WHITE Civilian nonlnstitutlonal population.. Civilian tabor force Participation rate Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rate 155, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,314 1 Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rate 54, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,558 54, , , , , ,532 Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rate, , ,286 5, , ,856 4, , ,951, , ,216 3, , ,989 8, , ,9 6, , ,895 5, , ,8 4, , ,902 5 Both sexes, 16 to 10 years Participation rate Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rate Men Women 8, , , , ,623 55,4 1, ,8 8, , , , , , , , , , S, , , , , , , , , BLACK Civilian nonlnstitutlonal population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rate..- 20,002 13, , , ,3 13, , , ,373 13, , , ,002 12, , , ,249 12, , , ,279 12, , , ,312 12, , , ,3 12, , , ,373 13, , , Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rate 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3 Women, 20 years and over Participation rate * Employment-population ratio 1 Urwmptoyment rate 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Both sexes, 16 to 10 years Civilian laoortorce Participation rate > Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rats Men 1, , f, HISPANIC OmOJN Civilian nonlnstitutlonal population... Participation rate ^ Employment-population ratio*. Unemployment rate 12,362 8, , ,848 8, , ,887 8, , ,362 8, , ,732 8, , ,770 8, , ,809 8, , ,848 8, , ,887 8,1 63 7, The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers appear In the unadjusted and seaeonalry adjusted columns. 1 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian nonlnstitutlonal population. NOTE: Detail for the above race and HIspanlc-orlgtn groups wilt not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hlspanlcs are included in both the white and black population groups.

10 Table A- Selected employment Indicators (Numbers In thousands) Category Hay CHARACTERISTIC Civilian employed, 16years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 111,832 39,809 26,780 5, ,498 40,257 27,974 5, ,652 40,402 27,744 6, ,887 39,634 27,474 5, ,368 40,100 27,965 5, ,835 39,967 28,213 5, ,447 40,029 28,495 5, ,257 40,057 28,458 5, ,727 40,2 28,6 6,013 MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagrlcultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other Industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1,840 1, ,822 15,981 83,8 1,377 82,465 8, ,937 1, ,264 16,515 84,749 1,2 83,507 8, ,967 1, ,350 16,355 85,996 1,353 84,643 8, ,504 1, ,312 16,582 61,730 1,2 80,489 8, ,739 1, ,834 16,568 83,265 1,227 82,038 8, ,589 1, ,112 16,484 83,628 1,266 82,362 8, ,695 1, ,834 16,710 84,124 1,266 82,858 8, ,614 1, ,0 16,956 83,464 1,146 82,318 8, t,619 1, ,838 16,931 83,907 1,224 82,683 8, PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 1 All industries: Part time for economic reasons Stack work Could only find part-time work Voluntary part time 6,150 2,7 3,396 11,403 5,723 2,234 3,053 13,278 6j219 2?387 3,452 11,826 5,4 2,473 2,661 13,967 5,456 2,440 2,698 14,167 5,391 2,322 2,746 13, ,223 2,665 14,573 5,184 2,317 2,579 15,054 5,508 2,456 2,722 14,2 Nonagrlcultural industries: Part time for economic reasons Slack work Could only find part-time work Voluntary part time 5,835 2,239 3,283 10,952 5,395 2,075 2,903 12,718 5,848 2,203 3,290 11,324 5,222 2,317 2,609 13,578 5,164 2,218 2,595 13,682 5,110 2,137 2,662 13,399 5,029 2,071 2,594 14,069 4,918 2,155 2,477 14,485 5,235 2,295 2,634 13,946 1 Excludes persons "with a Job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, Illness, or industrial dispute. Table A- Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Quarterly average* Monthly data Measure ] II III IV I II Hay U-l persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force U-3 persons 25 years and over as a percent of trie U-4 full-time Jobseekers as a percent of the full-time U-5a Total unemployed aa a percent of the labor force. Including the B U-5b Total unemployed aa a percent of the Chilian labor force U-6 Total full-time jobeeefcere plua ft part-time jobseekers plus ft total on part time for economic reasons aa a percent of the civilian labor force lesa ft of the U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus ft part-time jobseekers plus ft total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged worker* as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less ft of the N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A - not available.

11 Table A- Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted Category Number of unemployed persons On thousands) Unemployment rates 1 Hay CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 years and over Men, 16 years and over Men, 20 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 8,230 4,566 3,811 3,664 3,010 1,409 7,260 4,085 3,437 3,175 2,588 1,235 7,224 3,9 3,323 3,283 2,683 1,218 7, 7. 6, 7. 6, Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 1,838 1, ,678 1, ,608 1, Full-time workers Part-time workers Labor force time lost* 6,684 1,565 5,998 1,218 5,837 1, INDUSTRY Nonagrlcultural private wage and salary workers Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utltltles Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 6, , ,761 1, , , ,638 1, , , ,546 1, , 12, 6, 6, 7, 4, 7 4, , 6, Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. * Aggregate hours-lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. Table A-7. Duration of unemployment (Numbers In thousands) Weeks of unemployment Not tonally adjusted. Seasonally adjusted Apr. DURATION Less than 5 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 28 weeks 27 weeks and over 3,679 2,710 2, ,208 3,754 1,856 2, ,067 3,5 2,276 1, ,399 I 2, ,250 1,058 1,192 3,383 2,447 2, ,105 3,143 2,232 2,075 1,025 1,049 3,349 2,118 2,101 1,003 1,098 3,085 2,114 2, ,057 3,168 2,1 1, , PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 15 to 26 weeks ! 13, , j I

12 Table A-8. Reason for unemployment (Numbers >n thousands) Net eaaaonalty adjusted Saaaonalty adjusted Raaaon Juna Hay t987 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers On layoff Othar job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3, ,889 1,089 2,205 1,291 3, , ,162 1,292 3, ,546 1,068 1,911 1,089 4, ,985 1,025 2, ,822 1,011 2,811 1,000 2, , , , , , ,018 1,018 3, , , , ,604 1,007 1, PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE , 25, , , 26, Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants Table A-9. persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Sax and ape Number of unemployed persona (In thouaanda) Unemployment rates' Juna Total, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 18 to 10 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 8,230 3,071 1, ,662 5,148 4, ,260 2,768 1, ,533 4,454 4, ,224 2,686 1, ,468 4,532 4, , Men, 16 years and over to 24 years I6tol0ye*ra 16 to 17 y^ara 18to 19years... 20lo24ye*ra. 25 yea/a and over 2$to54ye*ra 55yewaandover... Women, 16 yeara and over 16to24yee#s 161o1»ye*vs 16H>17yews 18tol*yee#e 20to24yae#a 25 yeawa and ovar 25to54ya*re 55 years and over 4,566 1, ,896 2, ,664 1, ,252 2, ,085 1, ,563 2, ,175 1, ,891 1, ,9 1, ,530 2, ,283 1, ,002 1, , , , Unemployment as a percent of tha civilian labor forca.

13 Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers (Numbers In thousands) Employment status Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Civilian noninstltutlonal population.. Participation rate Employment-population ratio 1 Unemployment rate? Not In labor force 25,180 16, , ,2^0 1 8,667 25,773 16, , , ,029 25,826 17, , , ,708 25,180 16, , , ,166 25,618 16, , , ,163 25,667 16, , , ,273 25,723 16, , , ,259 25,773 16, , , ,334 25,826 16, , , ,194 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 1 Civilian employment as a percent of the emim noninstltutlonal population. Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Civilian employed Unemployment rats Occupation Total, 16 years and over' 111, ,652 7, Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty 26,032 12,609 13,3 27,692 13,696 13, Technical, sates, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sates occupations Administrative support, Including clerical 34,893 3,548 13,535 17,809 35,308 3,525 13,602 18,181 1, , , Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective 14,980 1,0 1,9 11,998 15,330 1,004 1,972 12,354 1, ,229 1, , Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 13,843 4,506 5,162 4,175 13,892 4,478 5,251 4, Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 17,904 8,197 4,708 4, ,052 18,102 8,289 4,766 5, ,180 1, , , It. 14, , Farming, forestry, and fishing 4,181 4, ' Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

14 Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterana and nonveterana by age, not aeasonally adjuated (Numbers In thousands) Veteran status Civilian nonlnstitutlonal population Total Number Percent of labor force VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS Total, 30 years and over 30 to 44 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 years and over 7,751 6,380 1,137 3,048 2,195 1,371 7,843 6, ,589 2,706 1,633 7,222 6,120 1,085 2,923 2,112 1,102 7,260 5, ,484 2,601 1,304 6,868 5, ,778 2,033 1,067 6,877 5, ,348 2,489 1, NONVETERANS Total, 30 to 44 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 18,446 8,576 5,736 4,134 19,510 8,869 6,231 4,0 17,455 8,161 5,8 3,876 18,474 8,494 5,882 4,098 16,531 7,701 5,138 3,692 17,665 8,103 5,643 3, NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served In the Armed Forces between August 5,1964 and 7,197 Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

15 Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States (Numbers In thousand*) Stat* and employment status.. California Civilian noninstltutlonal population. Civilian labor fores Unemployment rats 20,136 13,579 12,556 1, ,553 13,830 13, ,592 13,981 13, ,136 13,5 12, ,440 13,655 12, ,477 13,761 12, ,516 13,917 13, ,553 13,7 12, ,592 13,819 13, Florida Civilian nonlnatltutlonsl population. Civilian labor fores Unemployment rata 9,183 5,734 5, ,9 5,883 5, ,4 5,985 5, ,183 5,6 5, ,355 5,853 5, , , ,398 5,881 5, ,9 5,840 5, ,4 5,899 5, Civilian nonlnatltutlonsl population. Civilian labor fores Unemployment rats 8,661 5,798 5, ,684 5,818 5, ,687 5,874 5, ,661 5,710 5, ,678 5,620 5, ,680 5,652 5, ,682 5,680 5, ,684 5,727 5, ,687 5,778 5, Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor fores Unemployment rsts 4,554 3,121 3, ,571 3,137 3, ,573 3,132 3, ,554 3,062 2, ,567 3,074 2, ,568 3,070 2, ,570 3,069 2, ,571 3,114 3, ,069 2, Civilian nonlnatltutlonsl population. Unemployment rsts 6,864 4,475 4, ,925 4,575 4, ,931 4,599 4, ,864 4,374 3, ,9 09 4,500 4, ,914 4,466 4, ,920 4,486 4, ,925 4,513 4, ,931 4,503 4, Civilian nonlnatltutlonsl population. Civilian labor fores Unemployment rsts 5,926 3,999 3, ,981 4,029 3, ,987 4,025 3, ,926 3,904 3, ,966 3,965 3, ,971 3,946 3, ,977 4,003 3, ,981 3,977 3, ,987 3,930 3, Mew Ye* Civilian noninstltutlonal population. Uf>emptoyrnent rate 13,736 8,597 8, ,777 8,554 8, ,782 8,674 8, ,736 8,399 7, ,766 8,511 8, ,769 8,473 8, ,774 8,491 8, ,777 8,535 8, ,782 8,481 8, Chilian noninstltutlonal population. Chilian labor force Unemployment rats 4,761 3,276 3, ,836 3,316 3, ,843 3,389 3, ,761 3,213 3, ,816 3,264 3, ,822 3,267 3, ,829 3,240 3, ,836 3,292 3, ,843 3,322 3, OMo ' Civilian noninstltutlonal population. Unemployment rate 8,108 5,295 4, ,133 5,293 4, ,136 5,325 4, ,108 5,204 4, ,127 5,215 4, ,128 5,223 4, ,131 5,294 4, ,133 5,237 4, ,136 5,240 4, Civilian noninstltutlonal population. Unemployment rate 9,2 5,787 5, ,279 5,713 5, ,283 5,787 5, ,2 5,615 5, ,5 30 5, ,272, 545 5, ,276 5,621 5, ,279 5,630 5, ,283 5,616 5, CMMan noninstltutlonal population. CMMen labor force unomptoyeo,,...,,... Unemployment rate 12,000 8,338 7, ,211 8,483 7, ,231 8,636 7, These a#e fee official Bureau of Labor Statistics* estimates ueed In the administration of Digitized Federal for FRASER fund ehocetkm program*. 12,000 8,155 7, ,154 8,134 7, ,172 8,267 7, ,192 8,511 7, ,211 8,372 7, ,231 8,456 7, The population ftgurea are not adjuttad for aaaaonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear In the unedluated and the eeaeonatry adiuated column*.

16 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry (In thousands) Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted p P P Total Total private.. Goods-producing Mining Oil and gas extraction Construction General building contractors Manufacturing Production workers Durable goods Production workers Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Production workers Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products Service-producing. Transportation and public utilities Transportation Communication and public utilities Wholesale trade... Durable goods Nondurable goods, Retail trade General merchandise stores Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations. Eating and drinking places Finance, Insurance, end real estate. Finance Insurance Real estate Services Business services. Health services... Government. Federal... State Local... 99, , , ,932 99, , , , , ,115 83,629 84,778 85,591 85,655 82,991 84,352 84,560 84,677 84,769 85,008?.4,864 24,760 25,102 25,079 24,628 24,749 24,759 24,752 24,775 24, i ,227 5,044 5,210 5,315 4,924 5,032 5,019 4,999 5,010 5, , , ,3.5 1,290 1,291 1,272 1,267 1,266 1,267 18,867 18,985 19,152 19,017 18,940 18,995 19,011 19,018 19,028 19,098 12,7 12,927 13,063 12,925 12,843 12,925 12,939 12,946 12,967 13,028 11,153 11,184 11,257 11,140 11,199 11,176 11,175 11,175 11,179 11,194 7,319 7,5 7,483 7,363 7,386 7,399 7,406 7,409 7,3 7, , ,0.2 1,9.8 1,0.1 1,3 1,9 1,3 1,0 1,3 1, ,029 2, , ,056 2,015 2,022 2,025 2,030 2, , , , ,124 2,099 2,092 2,087 2,080 2, ,016 2, ,967 2,004 2,022 2,011 2,011 2,012 1, ! ,714 7,801 7,895 7,877 7,7 7,819 7,836 7,843 7,849 7,904 5,3 5,502 5,580 5,562 5,457 5,526 5,533 5,537 5,544 5,596 1,654 1,59 1, , ,619 1,635 1,6 1,633 1,633 1, , , , ,103 1,103 1,104 1,107 1,106 1, ,452 1,497 1, , ,459 1,485 1,493 1,497 1,498 1,504 1, , , , ,022 1,017 1,018 1,022 1,025.1, t ,576 77,380 77,594 76,853 74,973 76,580 76,839 76,956 77,036 77,266 5,243 5,349 5,392 5,351 5,237 5,333 5,348 5,344 5,351 5,344 3,016 3,129 3,157 3,113 3,029 3,112 3,124 3,120 3,129 3,126?,227 2,220 2,235 2,238 2,208 2,221 2,224 2,224 2,222 2,218 5,764 5,768 5,809 5,819 5,735 5, ,775 5,780 5,790 3,400 3,401 3,2 3,9 3,385 3,397 3,397 3,401 3,405 3,2 2,364 2,367 2,387 2,390 2,350 2,369 2,375 2,374 2,375 2,378 17,947 18,205 18,363 18,351 17,866 18,116 18,197 18,205 18,217 18,278 2, , , , ,367 2,380 2,385 2,390 2,386 2, ,9.6 2, ,882 2,944 2,953 2,956 2,960 2, , , ,002 1,943 1,979 1,978 1,978 1,931 1,982 6, , , , ,887 5,964 5, ,981 5,986 6,409 6,575 6, ,323 6,526 6,558 6,576 6,595 6,614 3,198 3,269 3,310 3,327 3,167 3,256 3,272 3,276 3,287 3,294 1,963 2,035 2,045 2,056 1,952 2,022 2,032 2,037 2,039 2,044 1,248 1,271 1,303 1,322 1,204 1,248 1,254 1,263 1,269 1,276 23,402 24,121 24,267 24,350 23,202 23,8 23,926 24,025 24,051 24,133 4, , ,103 5, ,798 5,020 5,044 5,083 5,085 5, ,814 6, , ^563 6,773 6,800 6,822 6,851 6,884 15,811 17,362 17,105 16,277 16,610 16,977 17,038 17,031 17,0 17,107 2,918 2,947 2,979 2,984 2,872 2,922 2,933 2,935 2,938 2,937 1,673 4,002 3,825 3,738 3,881 3,930 3,943 3,947 3,935 3,951 9,220 10,3 10,301 9,555 9,857 10,125 10,162 10,149 10,169 10,219 p = preliminary.

17 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers 1 on private nonggricultural payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry P! Total private Mining.4.4 Construction Manufacturing Overtime hours Durable goods Overtime hours Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products.. Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ,, ,., , 40.,. 40, 38, Nondurable gooffs Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products , 40, 36,, ,, 37, 43, 37, , 38, C , ?9.9 12) Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Services Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervlsory workers In transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately foumiftha of the total employees on private nonagricultural payrolls. 'This series Is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p* preliminary.

18 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Avarag* houriy and waakly timings of production or nonauparvisory workara 1 on prlvata nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry Average) hourly earning* Average weekly earning* Industry Pi Mining Construction Total private Manufacturing Seasonally adjusted Durable good* Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Slone, clay, and glass products Primary metal Industries Blast furnaces and basic steal products... Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical, Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products, Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products $ $ , $ , 9, 12, 13, , $ $ $ , 571, 298, 219, 493, 384, 518, 637, 366, 233, $ $ Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, Insurance, and real estate Service* See footnote 1, table B-2. p m preliminary. Tabla B- Hourly Earnings Indax for production or nonsuparvlsory workars 1 on prlvata nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry (1977=100) Not asasonalry adjusted _*«««Industry p p Psjccejcrt cftetnjqs) from: - I987p I987p chang* trout* - Total private nonfarm: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and r^umk irtmeiee. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance. Insurance, and real estate Service* N.A i <4) N.A ^ (1) See footnote I, table B-2. (?) Percent change la -1.4 percent fro* to, the latest month available. (3) Percent change la -0.3 percent from to, the latest month available. These series are not aeaaonaiiy adjusted since the seasonal component Is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or Irregular component* and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. Digitized for i.k. FRASER Data not available. \> - preliminary. 0.2 (3) ( 4).4 ( 4).4

19 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or n on supervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry (1977=100) Industry Not seasonally adjusted P Pi Seasonally adjusted p! Total Goods-producing Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steef products.. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products Leather and leather products Service-producing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services , , 88, , 82, 99, 75, 93, 100, 68, 75, 80, 98, 126, 92, , , , 93, 84, 11 60, , 99, 72, 84, 87, 101, 129, 95, HI See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary , 97, 78, 78, 84, , 92, , , 85, 99, 129, , 113, , , 86, 63, I Table B- Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased Time span Year Jan. Feb. Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. I ill p p ' Over 3-month span Over 6-month span Over 12-month span p P P P p p58.l ' Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1,3, and 6 month spans, on payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted, p a preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans.

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