United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, DC

Transcription

1 United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, DC Technical information: (202) Media contact: USDL TRANSMSSON OF MATERAL N THS RELEASE S EMBARGOED UNTL 8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, THE EMPLOYMENT STUATON: AUGUST The number of nonfarm payroll jobs grew moderately in August, and unemployment edged up, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall jobless rate was percent and the civilian worker rate percent, compared with percent for both measures in. Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the monthly survey of business establishments, increased by 220,000 in August to million, substantially less than the average monthly gain so far this year. Total civilian employment, as measured by the monthly survey of households, was about unchanged at 11 million in August. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment rate edged up in August. About 6.9 million persons were unemployed, and the civilian worker jobless rate was percent, seasonally adjusted. Since March, the rate has moved within the narrow range of 5,3 to percent. (See table A-2.) Most of the over-the-month increase in joblessness occurred among adult men, whose unemployment rate rose 0.4 percentage point to percent. n contrast, the rate for adult women edged down to percent. The incidence of joblessness rose slightly for whites to ' percent, while it was little changed for.blacks ( percent), teenagers (15.8 percent), and Hispanics (8.4 percent). (See tables A-2 and A-3.) Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Civilian employment was about unchanged at 11 million in August, and the employment-population ratio remained at its high of 62.3 percent. The civilian labor force rose substantially by almost 350,000 as the labor force participation rate edged up to 6 percent, matching the high reached in February. (See table A-2.)

2 - 2 - ndustry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Employment in nonagricultural establishments increased moderately in August, as payroll jobs rose by 220,000 to a level of million, seasonally adjusted. This gain, and 's increase of 200,000, followed larger increases during the first half of the year. Employment in private nonfarm industries rose only modestly (155,000), and the goods-producing sector did not increase for the first time since January. (See table B-l.) Table A«Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted Category Total employment JL/,.... Civilian employment Discouraged workers.. Quarterly averages 122, , , ,214 6,928 62,825 1,027 Monthly data Thousands of persons 122, , , , , , , , , , , ,059 6,616 6,455 6,625 63,131 63,090 63, N.A. N.A. 123, , , ,180 6,851 62,799 N.A. - change N.A. s: All civilian workers. White... Black Hispanic origin Percent of labor force ESTABLSHMENT DATA Service-producing ,670 25,260 79, ,609 25,498 80,111 Thousands of jobs 106,057 25,592 80,465 plo6,257 p25,655 p80,602 plo6,476 p25,647 p80,829 p219 p-8 p227 Average weekly hours: Hours of work P3 p41.2 p p3 p41.0 p3.8 p-0.3 P-.2 p-.l J_/ ncludes the resident Armed Forces, p^preliminary. N.A.»not available.

3 - 3 - After 4 months of fairly strong growth, factory employment was unchanged in August, on a seasonally adjusted basis. Although job gains were registered n the machinery, electrical equipment, and printing and publishing industries, these were offset by. a drop in textile employment and smaller declines in 11 other industries. Elsewhere in the goodsproducing sector, employment in the oil and gas component of the mining industry edged down. Construction industry employment, which has risen rather vigorously over the past year, was unchanged in August. n the service-producing sector, the services industry rose by 95,000 in August, about in line with the recent average for that industry. Both business and health services, however, posted below-average increases. Wholesale trade added 20,000 jobs, nearly all in ts durable goods component. Over the year, employment in that industry has risen by 300,000, more than three-fourths of which was in durable-goods distribution. After 2 months of strong growth, employment in retail trade showed little over-the-month movement, as only food stores posted a substantial job increase. Similarly, employment in the other private service sector industries transportation and public utilities and finance, insurance, and real estate was little changed n August. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls dropped by 0.3 hour to 3 hours n August, seasonally adjusted. The factory workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 41.0 hours, and manufacturing overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 3.8 hours. The average workweek in manufacturing has been at or above 41 hours throughout most of and, quite high by historical standards. (See table B-2.) As a result of the August drop n the workweek, the index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 12 (1977*100), declined 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted. The ndex for manufacturing was also down, by 0.5 percent to (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers were unchanged in August, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings fell 0.9 percent, reflecting the decline n the average workweek. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average weekly earnings dropped 92 cents to $323.40, while average hourly earnings were unchanged at $9.24. (See table B-3.)

4 - A - The Hourly Earnings ndex (Establishment Survey Data) The Hourly Earnings ndex (HE) was (1977=100) in August, seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.1 percent from. For the 12 months ended in August, the increase was 3,1 percent. n dollars of constant purchasing power, the HE decreased 0.5 percent during the 12- month period ended in. The HE is computed so as to exclude the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements fluctuations in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings ndex will no longer be published in this release.) (See table B-4.) The Employment Situation for September will be released on Friday, October 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked. t is a sample survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLSHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing over 38 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. n the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey week. n the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. The data in this release are affected by a number of technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained below. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys The sample households in the household survey are selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most hours. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enter* prise operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also in* eluded in the employed total. People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employmei sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from the former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to repo to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to t counted as unemployed. The labor force equals the sum of the number employed an the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is th percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilia plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a specii grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on van ing definitions of unemployment and the labor force. Th definitions are provided in the table. The mosi restrictiv definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-1 The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represent the same measure with a civilian labor force base. Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey onl counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on th payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there ar many differences between the two surveys, among which ar the following: The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, ant members of the resident Armed Forces; The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among th> employed; the establishment survey does not; The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; thi establishment survey is not limited by age; The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each in dividual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working a more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would b< counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each, when schools close and many young people enter the job market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonally may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment.

6 Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the set oops-out example, the large number of people entering the labor force each is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. nsofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the labor force. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January- period and again for the -December period. The January revision is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end of the next section. Sampling variability Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. n the household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances are appro imately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample w differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from tl results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-perce; level of confidence the confidence limits used by BLS in i analyses the error for the monthly change in total emplo ment is on the order, of plus or minus 358,000; for tot unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemplo; ment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do n< mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes bu rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 th; the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ froi the estimates by more than these amounts. Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when th data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly c annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, th larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, th estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less errc than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, amon the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate o adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error fo the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthl change in the jobless fate for men is.25 percentage point; fo teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points. n the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most curren months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, thes< estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all th«returns in the sample have been received, the estimates an revised. n other words, data for the month of September an published in preliminary form in October and November anc in final form in December. To remove errors that build up over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is con ducted each year. The results of this survey are used tc establish new benchmarks comprehensive counts oi employment against which month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for the formation oi new establishments. Additional statistics and other information n order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. t is available for $8.50 per issue or $22.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders. Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and 0 of that publication.

7 Table A-1. Employment status of the population, ncluding Armed Forces n the United States, by sex Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status and sex TOTAL Noninstitutional population 2 Labor force 2 Participation rate 3 Total employed 2 - «... Employment-population ratio*' Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed Agriculture Ncnagricultural industries 5 Not in labor force 184, , , , ,527 3, ,075 7, , , , , , ,066 3, ,524 6,823 60, , , , , ,737 3, ,282 6, , , , , ,050 3, ,907 7,256 62, , , , , ,713 3, ,485 6,610 62, , , , , ,195 3, ,160 6,783 63, , , , , ,018 3, ,933 6,455 63, , , , , ,059 3, ,014 6,625 63, , , , , ,180 3, ,029 6,851 62,799 Men, 16 years and over Noninstitutional population 7 Labor force 2 Participation rate 3 Total employed Employment-population ratio 4 Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed * 88,598 69, , ,575 63,730 3,696 89,445 70, , ,512 65,164 3,529 89,504 69, , ,529 64,876 3,450 88,596 67, , ,575 62,341 4,021 89,225 68, , ,569 63,323 3,553 89,287 68, , ,553 63,030 3,736 89,367 68, , ,523 63,411 3,495 89,445 68, , ,512 63,490 3,519 89,504 68, , , ,768 Women, 16 years and over NoninstitirtionaJ population* Labor force 2 Participation rate 3 Totai employed 2 Employment-population ratio 4 Resident Armed Forces Civilian employed 5 96,140 54, , ,797 3, ,957 55, , ,902 3,294 97,018 55, , ,861 3, ,140 54, , ,709 3,235 96,739 54, , ,390 3,057 96,801 54, , ,166 3,047 96,880 54, , ,607 2,960 96,957 54, , ,569 3, ,018 55, , ,755 3,083 1 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 ncludes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States. 3 Labor force as a percent of the noninstrtutional population. 4 Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population. * Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident Armed Forces).

8 Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age Not seasonally adjusted' Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status, sex, and age Jury TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio 2 183, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian tabor force Participation rate Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture r^onagricultural industries 79,668 62, , ,416 57,130 2,970 80,608 63, , ,454 58,168 2,697 80,669 63, , ,438 58,156 2,803 79,668 62, , ,289 56,536 3,258 80,326 62, , ,255 57,627 2,909 80,402 62, ,181 57,409 3,072 80,526 62, , ,208 57, ,608 62, , , ,669 62, , ,311 57,523 3,090 Women,?0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate. Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture Nonagricultural industries 88,685 49, , ,161 2, ,588 50, , ,133 2,643 89,670 50, , ,354 2,633 88,685 49, , ,699 2,661 89,307 50, , ,478 2,442 89,382 50, , ,373 2,481 89,502 50, , ,473 89,588 50, , ,657 2,576 89,670 50, , ,881 2,468 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutiona] population Participation rate! Z Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture Nonagricultural industries -. 14,649 9, , , ,533 10, , ,223 1, ,491 9, , ,773 1, ,649 8, ,672 1, ,598 7, , ,380 1, ,590 7, , ,378 1, ,534 8, , , ,533 8, , , , , , The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.

9 Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 WHTE Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 157, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,106 Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio* 54, , ,224 55, , ,014 55, , ,139 54, ,468 54, , , , , ,304 54, , , , , ,129 54, , ,361 Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio*..'. 42, , ,012 42, , ,897 42, , ,899 42, ,883 42, , ,689 42, , , , , , , , ,847 43, , ,778 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Participation rato «« «*.*.«..*.*.*...*... Employment-population ratio 2.,.. Men Women 8, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , J BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.. Participation rate. Employment-population ratio* ,396 13, , , ,715 r3, , , ,736 13, , , , , , ,622 13, , , , , ,683 12, , , ,715 13, , , ,736 13, , ,498 Men, 20 years and over Participation rate Emp loyed Employment-population ratio*., 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,070 7*3.8 5, , , Women, 20 years and over Participation rate Employment-population ratio*..., 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Both sexes, 16 to 19 years, Participation rate ] ". Employment-population r tio*... Men ", Women 1, , , ' See footnotes at end of table.

10 Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Continued Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin HSPANC ORGN Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio 2, 12,925 8, , ,344 9, , ,381 9, , ,925 8, , ,230 8, , ,268 8, , ,306 9, , ,344 8, , ,381 8, , The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispantcs are included in both the white and black population groups. Table A-4. Selected employment ndicators (n thousands) Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted CHARACTERSTC Civilian employed, 16 years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 114,527 40,542 27,660 6, ,066 40,657 28,133 6, ,737 40,748 28,284 6, ,050 40,308 28,189 6, ,713 40,459 28,859 6, ,195 40,267 28,567 5, ,018 40,485 28,713 6, ,059 40,535 28,654 6, ,180 40,505 28,632 6,282 MAJOR NDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1,781 1, ,422 16,140 86,281 1,273 85,008 8, ,853 1, ,659 16,433 68,226 1,251 86,975 8, ,758 1, ,334 16,462 87,872 1,202 86,670 8, ,591 1, ,241 16,794 84,447 1,175 83,272 8, ,678 1, ,538 17,015 85,523 1,092 84,431' 8, ,526 1, ,927 16,887 85,040 1,156 83,884 8, ,562 1, ,000 17,064 85,935 1,150 84,786 8, ,539 1, ,133 16,959 86,174 1,123 85,051 8, ,580 1, ,097 17,112 85,984 1,108 84,877 8, PERSONS AT WORK PART TME 1 All industries: Part time for economic reasons... Slack work Could only find part-time work... Voluntary part time 5,694 2,417 2,900 11,590 6,141 2,450 3,309 12,357 5,559 2,274 2,837 11,957 5,283 2,468 2,526 14,573 5,194 2,236 2,502 15,016 4, ,315 14,790 5,317 2,364 2,637 14,507 5,382 2,490 2,581 15,070 5,181 2,318 2,491 15,021 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons Slack work Could only find part-time work Voluntary part time 5,373 2,207 2,803 11,136 5,869 2,292 3,214 11,911 5,291 2,117 2,742 11,537 5,016 2,265 2,463 14,099 4,924 2,121 2,397 14,592 4,623 2,120 2,236 14,338 5,076 2,199 2,566 14,083 5,185 2,351 2,545 14,669 4,959 2,178 2,429 14,585 1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

11 Table A-5. flange of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Quarterly averages Monthly data Measure. Jflfifi. U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force U-3 persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force U-4 full-timo jobseekers as a percent of the full-time civilian labor force U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force, ncluding the resident Armed Forces U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 112 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of tha civiiian labor force plus discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force NA N.A. N.A. N.A. not available. Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Category Number of unemployed p*r*orrs (n thousands) i Unemployment ratos CHARACTERSTC Total, 16 years and over Men, 16 years and over Men, 20 years and over Women, 16 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 7,256 4,021 3,258 3,235 2,661 1,337 6,625 3,519 2,815 3,106 2,576 1,234 6,851 3,768 3,090 3,083 2,468 1, Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present. Women who maintain families , ,268 1, ,436 1, Full-time workers Part-time workers Labor force time lost 2. 5,812 1,432 5,174 1,443 ~* 5,517 1, , NDUSTRY Nonagricuttural private wage and salary workers, Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Service-producing industries Transportation and public unities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industn *s Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 5,391 2, , , ,955 1, , , ,415 1, ,144 1, , ,508 1, Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

12 Table A-7. Duration of unemployment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Weeks of unemployment DURATON Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 3,101 2, ,040 3,164 2,186 1, ,095 2,094 1, ,203 2,142 1, ,062 3,125 1,956 1, ,075 2,110 1, ,066 1,890 1, ,965 2,078 1, ,197 1,957 1, Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks PERCENT DSTRBUTON Total unemployed, Less than 5 weeks, 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over, 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Table A-8. Reason for unemployment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reasons NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers On layoff Other job losers, Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3, ,415 1,062 1, , , ,880 1,011 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , PERCENT DSTRBUTON Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CVLAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants

13 Table A-9. persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Sex and age Number of unemployed persons (n thousands) s 1 Total, 16 years and over to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 7,256 2,736 1, ,399 4,544 4, ,625 2,468 1, ,234 4,150 3, ,851 2,513 1, ,220 4,358 3, Men, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 13 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 4,021 1, ,528 2, ,519 1, ,174 1, , , Worhen, 16 years and over. 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 3,235 1, ,016 1, ,106 1, , ,933 1, Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status 1986 Civilian noninstitutional population Participation rate Employment-population ratio* : Not in labor force * 25,868 16, , , ,884 26,451 17, , , ,943 26,490 17, , , ,240 25, , ,893 9,171 26,289 16, , , ,556 26, , , , , , ,661 26,451 17, , , , , , ,497 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 4 Civilian employment as a population. percent of the civilian noninstitutional

14 Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted Civilian employed Occupation 1963 Total, 16 years and over 1 114, ,737 7,088 6, Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty 27,750 13,791 13,958 28,980 14,575 14, Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales occupations Administrative support, including clerical. ; 35,285 3,470 13,708 18,107 35,904 3,609 14,064 18,231 1, , Service occupations Private household Protective service Service, except private household and protective 15, ,932 12,389 15, ,167 12,514 1, ,119 1, Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair 14,073 4,627 5,323 4,122 13,910 4,415 5,421 4, Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving occupations Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Construction laborers Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers 18,161 8,346 4,750 5, ,130 13,404 8,176 4,912" 5,315 1,001 4,314 1, , Farming, forestry, and fishing 3,981 3, Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted Veteran status and age Civilian nonlnstitutlonal population 1967 Total Number Percent of labor fore* J.987 VETNAM-ERA VETERANS Total, 30 years and over 30 to 44 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 years and over 7,847 6, ,552 2,737 1,663 7,896 5, ,106 3,103 2,032 7,241 5, ,428 2,637 1,337 7,311 5, ,007 3,002 1,690 6,934 5, ,310 2,568 1,279 7,066 5, ,935 2,905 1, NONVETERANS Total, 30 to 44 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 19,585 8,910 6,252 4,423 20,542 9,155 6,883 4, ,549 5,921 4,131 19,525 6,747 6,555 4,223 17,788 8,132 5,692 3,964 18,739 8,352 6,305 4, NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and 7, Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

15 Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States State and employment status Hot seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted California Civilian noninstitutional population. 20,599 13,875 13, ,012 14,299 13, ,043 14,256 13, ,599 13,777 13, ,894 14,077 13, ,931 14,142 13, ,972 14,105 13, ,012 14,131 13, ,043 14,159 13, Florida Civilian noninstitutional population 9,463 5,927 5, ,693 6,199 5, ,235 5, ,463 5,853 5, ,628 6,093 5, ,648 6,086 5, ,671 6,115 5, ,693 6,102 5, ,711 6,162 5, llinois Civilian noninstitutional population, 8,745 5,904 5, ,786 5,869 5, ,787 5,962 5, ,745 5,833 5, ,773 5,746 5, ,776 5,733 5, ,781 5,709 5, ,786 5,760 5, ,767 5,887 5, Massachusetts Civilian noninstitutional population. 4,590 3,165 3, ,604 3,200 3, ,604 3,186 3, ,590 3,099 3, ,599 3,163 3, ,600 3,124 3, ,603 3,188 3, ,604 3,137 3, ,604 3,119 3, Michigan Civilian noninstitutional population,, 6,940 4,690 4, ,999 4,658 4, ,002 4,662 4, ,940 4,612 4, ,981 4,556 4, ,986 4,498 4 t ,993 4,553 4, ,999 4,587 4, ,002 4,566 4, New Jersey Civilian noninstitutional population, 6,008 4,034 3, ,042 4,053 3, ,044 4,029 3, ,008 3, ,032 3,969 3, ,034 3,922 3, , , ,042 3,969 3, ,044 3,933 3, New York Civilian noninstitutional population. 13,760 8,655 8, ,777 8,714 8, ,774 8,742 8, ,760 8,508 8, ,769 8,363 8, ,770 8,429 8, ,774 8,516 8, ,777 8,537 8, ,774 8,589 8, North Carolina Civilian noninstitutional population., 4,820 3,332 3, ,889 3,411 3, ,894 3,388 3, ,820 3,288 3, ,869 3,300 3, ,875 3,297 3, ,883 3,318 3, ,889 3,332 3, ,894 3,339 3, Ohio Civilian noninstitutional population. 8,162 5,289 4, ,336 5, ,205 5,343 5, ,162 5,234 4, ,190 5,277 4, ,194 5,248 4, ,199 5,271 4, ,203 5,252 4, ,205 5,298 5, See footnotes at end of table.

16 Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States Continued State and employment status Not seasonally adjusted 1 Seasonally adjusted 2. Pennsylvania Civilian noninstitutional population, 9,296 5,837 5, ,325 5,882 5, ,325 5,928 5, ,296 5,691 5, , , ,317 5,661 5, ,322 5,702 5 f ,325 5,735 5, ,325 5,786 5, Texas Civilian noninstitutional population ;... 12,032 8,440 7, ,072 8,492 7, ,072 8,469 7, , , ,058 8,334 7, ,061 8,372 7, , , ,072 8,277 7, ,072 8,381 7, These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of Federal fund allocation programs. 4 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.

17 ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table 8-1. Employ* (n thousands) on nonagricultural payrolls by industry ESTABLSHMENT DATA Not seasonally adjusted ndustry 1 Seasonally adjusted { 1! 1933 P/ 1938p/ 1983 Total 1102, , , , , , * , , ,476 Total private 36, ) , , , , ,080 Goods_producing industries. 25,284) 25, , , , Mining Oil and gas extraction Construction General building contractors ,352 1,403.2 Manufacturing 19,195 Production workers 13, 098 Durable goods 11, , ,4961 Production workers. 7,4531 7,7281 7,6361 Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures 521.3) 53) Stone* clay* and glass products Primary aetal industries 752.3) Blast furnaces and basic steal products Fabricated metal products 11,4011* ,457.1 Machinery, except electrical 12*019.7(2*1412, Electrical and electronic eouipemnt 12*080.6(2, , , Transportation euipm«nt (2* * ,01! Motor vehicles and equipment. nstruments and related products. Miscellaneous anufacturin* Nondurable goods Production workers ,6451 i 728J ! Ot * ,47 5,6901 1,479.21,012,326 19, , , , * , ,434) 13, ,069 5, ,0041 5, *7.51 8,1161 5,7331 Food and kindred products 11, * , ,711 Tobacco Manufactures j Textile Mill products ( 721 Apparel and other textile products , * _ Paper and allied products 6* ! Printing and publishing 11, ,56( :t\ Chemicals and allied products 1,03 1, ,07 1, Petroleum and coal products Rubber end misc. plastics products 1 *24.0 Leather and leather products j 147.5) Service-producing industries 77,1*7 Transportation and public utilities.. Transportation Communication and public utilities. esale trade Durable goods...- Nondurable goods..1 5, ,926 3*4*0 2, *l,017l 5,6161 3,3521 2,264 6,181 3*6731 2, * ) ( , * *697 2*5091 5,614) 3.33*1 2* » 7«524 5* ,405,031),0811, ) ,3651,5551, ) 723), ,5141, ) ).3211, , ,S , ,4291 Retail trads 1« , ) 1* Ceneral merchandise stores 12* ,4*12*4*12* Food stores 12* )10.2)3*12! 961) Automotive dealers and service stations... 2*03 2* * Eating and drinking places 16, , Finance, insurance, and real estate ,7431 6,7791 6, Finance 3,3151 3,3241 3,3351 3* nsurance 2,0361 2,0801 2,0861 2* Real estate 1,3101 1, *1 1* ) Services 2^ ) 25, , 5691 Business services 1 5, , Health services , ,27)7, * *75 1 Government , * , , 0161 Federal.. 2,9661 2,9861 2,9961 2, State ,9321 3,3491 3,3451 $', 971! Local 9, ,524) 9, ! preliminary. l 5,233 1,400 19, *230) 11*4591 7* *444 2*111 2,117 2* < 706 f 8*0011 4*1 1*64* ! 1*1001 6*7 1,554) 1* ) 864( 146, ,29*1 2,2451 6*089) 3,6101 2, , f 049t 064( , ! 5,4201 7, ,'303l 2,9631 4,041) 10,3041 5,237 1,394 19,490 13*302 11*477 7, j * ,1211 2,1151 2,04*1 851) 7091 * 3,013! 5,6531 1, ! 1, ,559! 1, ! ,0231 5,5561 5,30* ,115! 3,6351 2,4*01 19,1301 2,5411 3,0531 2*0701 6, ! 3,2991 2,067! 1* ,2161 5, ,3501 2,957 4, ,5451 i *1,412! ,341! 13, , *7 j !, ,, *0471 2, 850! ! ,,665, ,097 j ! *3,3251,4001 j * ! 19, ) ) ! ,565 7, * ,459 2,160 2,129 2, ,019 5,649 1, , ,572 1, , ( ! ) ! *1 5,609 3,351 2,253 6,190 i.695 2*495 19, ,115 2,093 6,377 6, ,079 1, , 551! , 501! , 239! 7, ) 17, , , 955J 2, , 069! 4, , ,551 j

18 ESTABLSHMENT DATA ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table 8-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory worker*!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Mining Construction Total private. ndustry Manufacturing Overtime hours. Durable goods Overtime hours. Lunbar and wood products Furnitura and fixturas Stone* clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. Fabricstad metal products Machinery* exeapt electrical Electrical and alactronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vahiclas and equipment nstruments and ralatad products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurebla goods Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufacture* Textile mill Products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Cheoiical* and allied products > Petroleum end coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance* and real estate. Service* S Not seasonally adjusted / Data relate to production workers in einin* and manufacturing; construction worker* in construction! and nonsupervisary workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance; insurance, and rmml estate; and services. These groups account for approxinatly four-fifths of the total employees on private nonagricultural payrolls. t 1 Uuly 1983 E' o/ , 42, t , C2) ( C2) ) Seasonally adjusted C2) (Z) S ( C Juna ( < C2) 32.5 ( j19s8e/ 1a/ 3 (23 C2) _ C2) ( ( ( ( / These series are not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is smell relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision, p preliminary.

19 ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table 3-3. Average hourly and weekly *arnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Total private Seasonally adjusted. Mining. Construction.. ESTABLSHMENT DATA Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings ndustry i 1 T i / 1933 / / fi/ Manufacturing. Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone* clay* and glass products Pri.-nary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products. Leather and leather products Transportation and-public utilities. $8.94 $ $ j $9.24 $319 $ $322j$ J Wholes* 1* trade Retail trade j Finance, insurance, and real estate Servi ce« ! 2S L JL f See footnote 1, table B-2. P» preliminary ) ) 392) Table B-4. Hourly Earnings ndex for production or nonsupervisory workers^/ industry (1977=100) private nonagricultural payrolls by ndustry 1937 Not seasonally adjusted j>/.p/ -. Percent) change from* Seasonally adjustad Juna 198 p/ / jpercent change from: Total private nonfarm: Current dollars Constant (1977) dollars 93.2 Mining Construction 15 Manufacturing 17 Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade 160,6 Finance*insurance* and real estate Services J ) / See footnote 1. table B-2. V Change is -5 percent.from to Jury 1968, the latest month available. %1 Change is less than.05 parcent from to Jury. the latest month available. 4S These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is srn *H relative to the trend-cycle and/or tires ilar N.A.t ! , C4) (4)1 155.lj ! 177.9! (4)1 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)1 (4) (4) N.A. (4) J (3) (4) \z (4) -.1 (4).1 components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. N.A. Data not available. p * preliminary. NOTE: Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings ndex series will no longer be published in this release. For further information, see "Employment Cost ndex Series to Replace Hourly Earnings ndex/ Monthly tabor Review,, PP

20 ESTABLSHMENT DATA ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table B-5. ndexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nansupervisory workers,!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry (1977=100) Total private ndustry Goods-producing industria Mining Construction T T f Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 1 (. 1E/]E' l i l t Manufacturing 91 Durable goods * Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay* and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products. Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electrical and electronic equipment Transportation equipment * Motor vehicles and equipment... nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products. Leather and leather products Service-producing industries Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate ) 102.0! ) 112.8! ! ! ! / 1198SE/ 12! i 102.1] ! ! 36.1! ! ! ! ! ! 83.5! ! ! ! ! ! 6! ! 102.3! ! ) ! ! ! S ) 10S ! 71.4j ! j ! ! ! ) : f ! 136.5) ! ! ) J '.5\ 53,21 5 SS ! ! ] Services L59.0 '» _L J/ See footnote 1, table B-2 P s preliminary ! 11! ] ! ! ! Table B-6. ndexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment^/ increased Time span Jan. Fab. Mar Sept.! Oct. Over 1-month 1986 Over 3-month span: Over 6-month span: ! , Over 12-month span: l E/73.4 ifi/ a ! E/ i 43.2! f lfi/ lfi/ E/ » lfi/ ( ! 78.4 Nov 'j Dec \S Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3, and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted. NOTE: Figures are the P«rcent of industries with employment rising. (Ha f of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans. p=preliminary. *U. S. GOVERNMENT PRNTNG OFFC tt9b t80120