United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C

Transcription

1 United States Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Washington, D.C Technical information: (202) Media contact: ** USDL TRANSMSSON OP MATERAL N THS RELEASE S EMBARGOED UNTL 8:30A.M. (EST), FRDAY, JANUARY 10, 1992 THE EMPLOYMENT STUATON: DECEMBER The nation's job market showed continued weakness in Decentoer, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The unemployment rate rose two-tenths of a percentage point to percent from a revised percent in both October and November. Nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in December, following a large decline in November. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons rose by 290»000 in December to 8.9 million (after seasonal adjustment), and the unemployment rate rose 0.2 percentage point to percent. Prior to December, the unenployment rate had held at about percent between May and September before edging up to percent in October and November. Since the recession began in July, the jobless total has grown by 2.1 million and the unemployment rate has risen 1-7 percentage points. (See table A-1.) Jobless rates for adult men ( percent) and adult women ( percent) edged up in Decentoer. Rates for teenagers (19.3 percent), whites (6.3 percent), blacks (12.7 percent), and Hispanics (9.7 percent) were little changed over the month, though mostly in an upward direction. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Nearly all of the Decentoer increase in unenployment occurred anong persons who had lost their last jobs, primarily those who had no expectation of being called back to work. Since July, the total nuntoer of job losers (including those on layoff anticipating recall) has increased by 1.8 million. Job losers accounted for 56 percent of the unenployed in Decentoer. (See table A-6.) Long-term unenployment (15 weeks and over) rose by 220,000 in Decentoer to a level of 2.8 million; the long-term unenployed accounted for about 1 out of every 3 unenployed persons in Decentoer, up from 1 in 5 at the onset of the recession. Most of the over-the-month increase in long-term unenployment was accounted for by persons jobless for 6 months or longer. (See table A-5.) This release incorporates annual revisions in seasonally adjusted unenployment and other labor force series derived from the household survey. nformation on the revisions appears on page 5.

2 Table A Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted Category Quarterly averages Monthly data j V j j j j. J- J _ change. Employment Unemployment Not in labor force Discouraged workers s: All workers Adult men Adult women Teenagers White Black Hispanic origin. ESTABLSHMENT DATA Nonfarm employment... Goods-producing J/.. Construction Manufacturing Service-producing \J \ Retail trade Services Government 125, ,7671 8, ,7121 1, O , ,7891 8,711 64, Thousands of persons , , ,728 8,641 8,602 8, ,986 N.A.j N.A.j N.A.j Percent of labor force M Thousands of jobs 19^ N.A p108, ,073 p p108,839 P p23,631 23,727 p p23,572 p P4,617 4,671 p4,583 p4.596 p13 18,4191 P18,340 18,3771 p18,338 p18,306 p p85, ,346 p85,213 p85,267 p54 19,3431 p ,4191 P29, p p p-16 p18, P p p38, p p p66 Average weekly hours: Total private Manufacturing Overtime P34.4 p4l0 P3.7 Hours of work \J ncludes other industries, not shown separately. NOTE: Household data have been revised based on the experience through December p34.4 P34.5 p0.1 p41.0 P3.7 P N.A.- not available, p^preliminary.

3 - 3 - Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total enployment was little changed in Decentoer at a seasonally adjusted level of million. The number of employed persons was about 1.2 million lower than when the recession began. The employment-population ratio the proportion of the working-age population that is employed was 61.2 percent in Decentoer, down 1-1/2 percentage points since July. (See table A-1.) The civilian labor force rose slightly in December, to million, and the labor force participation rate, at 65-9 percent, was about unchanged. Over the past year, the labor force has grown by only about half a million, reflecting the net effect of a pronounced decline in the teenage labor force and only modest growth among adults. Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data) The nurrtoer of discouraged workers persons who want a job but are not looking for one because they think that their search would be futile was 1.1 million in the fourth quarter of, little changed from the previous quarter. Since the recession began, the discouraged total has expanded by some 270,000 persons, much less than the increase registered during the downturn (about 700,000). (See table A-11.) ndustry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment changed little in Decenfcer following a 265,000 decline in November. Private sector employment declined throughout the entire fourth quarter, led by decreases in goods-producing industries. (See table B-1.) Manufacturing lost 32,000 jobs; the industry's employment has shrunk by 1.2 million since January of 1989, mostly in durable goods. Much of the Deceirber decline came in transportation equipment, with autos losing 7,000 jobs (in a continuation of month-to-month fluctuations) and aircraft manufacturing experiencing further declines. ndustrial machinery, fabricated metals, and instruments sustained further job losses as well. n contrast, employment edged up in textiles, which, along with apparel, has had steady gains since April. Jobs in the construction industry held about steady in December after declining by 88,000 in November. Seasonal layoffs normally occurring in both months were more concentrated in Noventoer because of unusually bad weather. About 600,000 construction jobs have been lost since May of. Mining employment continued its pattern of small but persistent losses. n the service-producing sector, wholesale trade continued to lose jobs 15,000 in December reflecting the overall weakness in manufacturing and retail trade. Enployment in retail trade changed little in Deceirber on a seasonally adjusted basis, but overall Christmas hiring was much weaker than usual in. Transportation and public utilities lost 23,000 jobs, largely because two air carriers ceased operations. Services added 38,000 jobs following a slight decline in Noventoer; the Decentoer gains were

4 - 4 - limited to the health services industry. by about 100,000 in the last 3 months. Government employment has risen Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in December to 34.5 hours, following an equivalent increase in the prior month. After dropping to 34.0 in April, the average workweek is back to the level of mid The factory workweek and overtime also increased 0.1 hour to 41.1 and hours, respectively. Manufacturing hours continue to be high by historical standards, (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours increased by two-tenths of a percent to ( ) in December, seasonally adjusted, following a slight increase in November. The index of manufacturing hours also gained 0.2 percent to 102*7, after declining for 3 months. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers increased by 0.7 percent in December, seasonally adjusted. As a result of this and the small increase in weekly hours, average weekly earnings increased 1.0 percent. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings increased by 5 cents to $10.51, while average weekly earnings were up $2 to $ Over the past year, hourly and weekly earnings both rose 3.1 percent. (See table B~3.) The Employment Situation for January 1992 will be released on Friday, February 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).

5 - 5 - Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household survey) to incorporate the experience of that year. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision. (Seasonally adjusted establishment data are revised later in the year, concurrently with the introduction of annual benchmark adjustments.) Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall unemployment rate in, showing that 6 of the 12 months had revisions of 0.1 percentage point. Table C presents revised seasonally adjusted data for major labor force series for Deceniber through Decenfaer. The January 1992 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain new seasonal adjustment factors that will be used to calculate the civilian labor force and other major series for January-June of The publication will also contain a description of the current seasonal adjustment methodology and revised data for the most recent 13 months or calendar quarters for all regularly published tables containing seasonally adjusted household survey data. Revised monthly data for the revision period for nearly 450 labor force series will be published in the February 1992 issue. Microconputer diskettes of historical seasonally adjusted data (monthly and quarterly) may be purchased from the Bureau (contact Gloria P. Green on ). Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in and change due to revision Month As first computed As j revised Change January February March April May June July August j September October November j December Not published j

6 Table C. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Employment status, sex, and age TOTAL Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Sept 1.. Percent of population... Employment-population ratio , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,416 6.; , , , , , , , , , ,891 Men, 20 years and over 1... Percent of population Employment-population ratio 2.. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Not in labor force 83,208 64, , ,394 58,702 3,672 18,440 83,271 64, , ,318 58,450 3, t855 83,392 64, , ,332 58,241 4, , , , ,328 4, , , ,607 4, ,585 83,636 64, , ,364 58,274 4, ,855 83,748 64, , ,414 58, ,842 83,865 64, , ,383 58,288 4,225 18,969 83,940 64, , ,368 58,237 4,211 19,124 84,023 65, , ,400 58,443 4,243 18,937 84,151 64, , ,370 58,376 4,215 19,190 84,245 64, , ,390 58,374 4, ,331 84,367 64, , ,317 58,355 4,290 19,405 Women, 20 years and over 1... Percent of population Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Not in labor force 92,042 53,188 50, ,756 2, ,854 92,139 53, , ,675 2, ,001 92,198 53,318 50, ,771 2,880 38,380 92,273 53, , ,790 2, ,877 92,358 53, , ,062 2,941 33,728 92,454 53, , ,791 3,068 38,962 92,546 53, , ,089 38,818 92,654 53,599 50, ,066 2,918 39,055 92,720 53,601 50, ,900 3,059 39, , ,972 3, ,875 53, , ,179 92,958 53, , ,802 3,181 39,303 93,032 53, , ,952 3,296 39,123 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 1.. Percent of population Employment-population ratio 2 Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Not in labor force 13,616 7, , ,734 1, ,428 13,567 7, , ,658 1, ,381 13,525 7, , ,688 1, ,359 13,504 7, , ,592 1, ,353 13,455 7, , , ,423 13,432 6, , , , , , ,333 1, ,484 13,320 6, , ,131 1, ,611 13,313 6, , ,093 1, ,726 13,302 6, , ,391 1, ,448 13,263 6, , ,359 1, ,412 13,250 6, , ,324 1, ,445 13,206 6, , ,238 1, The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. 2 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December.

7 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked. t is a sample survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLSHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over 350,000 establishments employing over 41 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. n the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey week. n the establishment survey* the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. The data in this release are affected by a number of technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained below. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys The sample households in the household survey are selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most hours. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees; worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table A-7 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U~7. The civilian worker unemployment rate is U-5b, while U-Sa, the overall unemployment rate, includes die resident Armed Forces in the labor force base. Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the payroll records of nonfarm firms. As a result, there are many differences between the two surveys, among which are the following: The household survey, although based on a smaller sample,reflectst larger segment of the * - -- ^- excludes private - - agriculture, the self-a The employed; on unpaid leave among the The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older, the establishment survey is not limited by age; The household survey has no.duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees wonting at more tnan one job or otherwise appearing on roorc than one payroll would be c^^ntfri separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each June, when schools close and many young people enter the job market The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical fiends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot To return to the school's-out example, die large number of people entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable

8 change. nsofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor force. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the JanuaryJune period and again for the July- December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. n both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Sampling variability Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used* n the household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that in estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90- percent level of confidence-the confidence limits used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the civilian worker unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage points. These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these amounts. Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually. Abo, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for men is.25 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points. n the establishment survey, estimates for the most current 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised n other words, data for the month of September are published in preliminary form in October and November and in final form in December. To remove errors that build up over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to establish new benchmarkscomprehensive counts of employment against which month-tomonth changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for the formation of new establishments. Additional statistics and other nformation Li order to provide a broad view of the nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. t is available for $10.00 per issue or $31.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders. Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes.** Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication. nformation in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request Voice phone: , TDD phone: , TDD Message Referral Phone Number

9 Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status, sex, and age Sept. TOTAL Employment-population ratio... Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Not in labor force 168, , , ,344 7,343 64, , , ,929 8,286 65, , , , ,687 8,559 65, , , , , ,192 7, , , , , ,230 8,520 64, , , , , ,806 8,501 64, , , , , ,663 8,641 64, , , , , ,500 8,602 65, , , , ,545 8, Men, 16 years and over Employment-population ratio 90, , , , , ,669 91,008 68, , , ,083 68, , , ,658 68, , ,891 90,736 68, , ,955 90,830 68, , ,894 90,924 68, , ,845 91,006 68, , , Men, 20 years and over Employment-population ratio Agriculture Nonagricultural industries 83,208 64, ,205 58,676 3,695 84,245 64, , ,983 84,367 64, , , ,208 64, , ,702 3,672 83, , ,368 58, ,023 65, , ,400 56,443 4,243 84,151 64, , , ,215 84,245 64, , ,374 4, ,367 64, , ,317 58,355 4,290 Women, 16 years and over Employment-population ratio 98, , , , , , ,597 57, , , , , , , , , ,386 56, , , ,747 99,528 56, , ,757 99,597 57, , ,901 Women, 20 years and over Employment-population ratio... Agriculture Nonagricultural industries 92,042 53, , , ,958 54, , ,302 3,082 93,032 53, , ,299 3,066 92,042 53,188 50, ,756 2, ,720 53,601 50, ,900 3,059 92,797 53,650 50, ,972 3, ,696 50, ,928 3, , , ,032 53, , ,952 3,296 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years. Employment-population ratio. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries 13,616 6, , ,549 1, ,250 6, , , ,206 6, , ,054 1, ,616 7, , ,734 1, ,313 6, , , ,302 6, , , ,263 6, , ,359 1, ,250 6, , ,324 1, ,206 6, , ,238 1, The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December.

10 Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Sept Oct WHTE Civilian noninstttutional population Employment-population ratio, 160, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Men, 20 years and over Employment-population ratio 56, , ,858 56, , ,181 56, , ,403 56, , , , ,315 56, , ,417 56, , ,330 56, , ,301 56, , , Women, 20 years and over Employment-population ratio,, 45, , , , , , ,542 43, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,334 45,530 43, ,454 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Employment-population ratio Men Women " , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , BLACK... Employment-population ratio 21,448 13, , , ,745 13, , , ,774 13, , , ,448 13, , , ,655 13, , , ,683 13, , , ,714 13, , , ,745 13, , , ,774 13, , , Men, 20 years and over..«employment-population ratio 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Women, 20 years and over.. «Employment-population ratio 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Employment-population ratio Men Women See footnotes at end of table.

11 Table A»2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, tax, age, and Hispanic origin Continued (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted 1 Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Sept. Oct HSPANC ORGN Employemnt-population rate, 14,514 9, , ,948 9, , , ,987 9, , ,514 9, , ,829 9, ,869 9, , , ,908 9, , , ,948 9, , , ,987 9, , The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December. Table A-3. Selected employment ndicators (n thousands) Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Sept. Oct CHARACTERSTC Civilian employed, 16 years and over... Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families ,795 29,951 6, ,110 40,629 30,148 6, ,549 40,312 29,967 6, ,476 40,691 29,758 6, ,484 40,457 29,866 6, ,089 40,440 29,833 6, ,867 40,472 29,838 6, ,772 40,398 29,803 6, ,728 40,206 29,779 6,536 OCCUPATON Managerial and professional specialty. Technical, sales, and administrative support, Service occupations Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 30,823 36,513 15,860 13,435 17,656 3,001 31,313 36,017 16,034 13, ,235 31, ,026 12, f018 2,964 30,760 36,326 15,691 13,522 17,564 3,461 30,923 35,935 15,957 13,103 17,117 3,463 31,041 36,030 16,061 13,064 17,383 3,452 31,139 36,045 16,051 13,129 17,138 3,439 31,218 35,862 16,121 13,023 17,189 3,460 31,796 35,626 16,076 12,982 16,922 3,420 NDUSTRY AND CLASS OP WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers 1,507 1, ,195 17,939 87,256 1,012 86, ,614 1, ,122 86, ,614 9, , ,685 18,156 86, , , ,897 17,692 87, ,193 8, , ,237 17,903 86,334 1,035 85,299 8, ,715 1, ,645 17,944 86,701 1,013 85,688 8, , ,527 18,135 86, ,399 8, ,683 1, ,291 17,812 86, , ,915 86, ,539 8, PERSONS AT WORK PART TME 1 All industries: Part time for economic reasons. Slack work Could only find part-time work. Voluntary part time 5, ,199 16,119 6,338 3,343 2,705 15,999 6,221 3,325 2,620 15,907 5,600 3,016 2,300 15,079 5,968 3,137 2,601 15,035 6,327 3,358 2,663 15, ,384 2,631 14,980 6,408 3, ,924 6, ,893 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons Slack work Could only find part-time work Voluntary part time 5,211 2,850 2, ,018 3,103' 2,634 15,558 5,959 3,124 2,560 15,515 5,331 2,825 2,223 14,648 5,710 2, ,589 6,040 3, ,561 6,055 3,196 2,565 14,497 6, ,688 14,463 6, ,664 14,450 1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December.

12 Table A-4. Selected unemployment ndicators, seasonally adjusted Category Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) s 1 Sept CHARACTERSTC Total, 16 years and over Men, 20 years and over Women, 20 years and over... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years 7,668 3,672 2,792 1,204 8,602 4, ,271 8,891 4,290 3,296 1, Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families 1,629 1, ,925 1, ,999 1, Full-time workers Part-time workers Labor force time lost 2 6,267 1,370 7,031 1,540 7,309 1, OCCUPATON 3 Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support.. Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing 721 1,625 1,032 1, ,004 1,165 1, ,101 1,168 2, NDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Service-producing industries Transportation and public utitities, Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers 5,910 2, , , ,586 1, , , , ,779 1, ,909 2, , , ,858 2, Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. 3 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal components are small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December. Table A-5. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Weeks of unemployment Sept. Oct DURATON Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over 3, , ,306 2,562 2,418 1,160 1,257 3, ,284 1,394 3, , BOB 3, ,417 1,258 1,159 3,344 2,798 2,422 1,260 1,162 3,300 2,774 2,570 1, ,289 2,721 2,623 1,300 1,323 3, B ,471 Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks Total unemployed Less than 5 weeks * 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over PERCENT DSTRBUTON NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December. 39,

13 Table A-6. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reasons Sept NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers On layoff Other job losers job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3, , ,556 1,112 3,444 1,004 2, ,091 1,343 3, , ,880 1,182 2,698 1,044 2, ,690 1,286 3, , ,805 1, , ,782 1, , ,696 1,196 3, , ,990 1,256 3, PERCENT DSTRBUTON Total unemployed On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants ,1 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CVLAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December. Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Quarterly averages Monthly data JV_ JV Ock U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force U-3 persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force for persons 25 years and over U-4 full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time civilian labor force U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force, ncluding the resident Armed Forces U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force N.A. N.A. N.A. NA = not available. NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December.

14 Table A-8. persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Sex and age Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) s 1 Sept. Total, 16 years and over 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 7,668 2,479 1, ,275 5,153 4, ,602 2,797 1, ,526 5,771 5, ,891 2,942 1, ,919 5, Men, 16 years and over. 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 4,346 1, ,932 2, ,845 1, , ,990 1, t Women, 16 years and over. 16 to 24 years 16 to 19 years 16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 years and over 25 to 54 years 55 years and over 3,322 1, ,221 2, ,757 1, ,479 2, , , Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December. Table A-9. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted {Numbers in thousands) Veteran status and age Civilian noninstitutional population,,, Total J Number Percent of labor force VETNAM-ERA VETERANS Total, 35 years and over 35 to 49 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 years and over 7,709 6,501 1,295 3,229 1,977 1/208 7,823 6,390 1,053 2,918 2,419 1,433 6, ,205 3, ,013 5, ,273 1,086 6, ,106 2,893 1, ,652 5, ,553 2,178 1, NONVETERANS Total, 35 to 49 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 17,765 8,149 5,400 4, ,596 5,964 4,336 16, ,031 3,892 17, ,543 3,969 15,907 7,389 4,839 3, ,638 5,254 3, NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

15 Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted 1 Seasonally adjusted 2 State and employment status Sept Oct California Civilian noninstitutiona! population 22,166 14, ,614 14,998 13,908 1, ,656 15,010 13,903 1, ,166 14,675 13, ,486 14, ,528 15, , ,571 14,986 13,820 1, ,614 14,968 13, , ,950 1, Florida ,369 6, ,505 6, ,465 6, ,230 6,434 6, ,384 6,480 5, , ,424 6,455 5, ,445 6,495 6, ,465 6,424 5, llinois 8,894 6,028 5, ,935 5,969 5, , , ,894 6,069 5, ,922 6,035 5, ,926 5,995 5, ,931 5,955 5, ,935 5,954 5, ,939 6,056 5, Massachusetts 4,622 3,115 2, ,626 3,132 2, ,627 3,146 2, ,622 3, ,624 3,047 2, ,624 3,141 2, ,625 3,155 2, ,626 3,164 2, ,627 3,174 2, Michigan New Jersey 7,009 4,565 4, ,025 4,564 4, , , , ,019 4,428 4, ,502 4, ,023 4,510 4, ,025 4,545 4, ,027 4,564 4, , , ,026 3,966 3, , , , ,025 4,033 3, ,025 4,047 3, ,026 4,052 3, ,026 3,973 3, ,026 3,989 3, New York. 13, , ,805 8,536 7, ,806 8,438 7, ,803 8,558 8, ,536 7, ,802 8, ,803 8,561 7, ,805 8,547 7, ,806 8,453 7, North Carolina 5, , ,086 3,470 3, ,092 3,414 3, ,028 3,420 3, , , ,545 3, ,080 3, , , , , Ohio 8,298 5,484 5, ,457 5, ,325 5, ,298 5,488 5, ,314 5,373 5, , , , ,323 5,435 5, ,325 5,446 5, See footnotes at end of table.

16 Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 targe states Continued (Numbers in thousands) Notse. asonally adjusted 1 Seasonally adjusted 3 State and employment status Sept Pennsylvania Civilian noninstrtutionaj population ,402 5,691 5, ,425 5,975 5, ,428 5,930 5, ,402 5,922 5, ,908 5, ,419 5,921 5, ,422 5,994 5, ,425 5,966 5, ,428 5,948 5, Texas Civilian noninstitutionat population.. 12, , ,594 8,559 7, These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics* estimates used in the administration of Federal fund allocation programs. * The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted 12,608 8,562 7, ,447 8,540 7, ,551 8,467 7, ,565 8,515 7, ,580 8,553 7, ,594 8,517 7, , columns. NOTE: Revised seasonal adjustment factors are not yet available for State data. The seasonally adjusted series will be revised for the release of January data on February 7.

17 Table A-11. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages (n thousands) Reason, sex, and race Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted JV_ JV_ JVL TOTAL Total not in labor f6rce 63,872 65,091 63,783 64,093 64,047 64,712 64,949 Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school ll, disabled Keeping house Retired Other activity 58,463 8,232 5,039 23,438 18,367 3,388 59,273 8,277 5,086 22,747 19, ,254 6,740 5,086 23,639 18,571 4, ,665 4,956 23,181 19,034 4,484 58,679 6,829 4,869 23,388 19,130 4,463 58,833 6,914 5,031 23,188 19,385 4,315 59,157 6,814 5,128 22,942 19,575 4,698 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance ll health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get a job Job-market factors Personal factors Other reasons 1 5,409 1, , ,028 5,819 1,382 1,009 1,268 1, ,060 5,515 1, , ,084 5,665 1, , ,061 5,551 1, , ,150 5,797 1,485 1,008 1,172 1, ,068 5,932 1,412 1,010 1,300 1, ,117 Men Total not in labor force... 21, ,548 21,916 21,928 22,205 22,480 Do not want a job now. 19,927 20,645 19,547 19,705 19,990 20,092 20,334 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance ll health, disability Think cannot get a job Other reasons 1 1, , , , , , , Women Total not in labor force 42,058 42,327 42,235 42, ,507 42,469 Do not want a job now... 36,536 38,628 38,707 38,616 38,689 38,741 38,823 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance ll health, disability Home responsibilities... Think cannot get a job. Other reasons 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , White Total not in labor force... 53,722 54,488 53,622 53,750 53,723 54,248 54,321 Do not want a job now. 49,918 50,312 49,650 49,590 49,964 50,078 50,041 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance ll health, disability Home responsibilities... Think cannot get a job. Other reasons 1 3, , , ,129 1, , ,279 1, Black Total not in labor force 7,889 8,214 7, , Do not want a job now. 6,464 6,852 6,453 6,668 6,590 6,799 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance ll health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get a job Other reasons 1 1, , , , , , ncludes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December.

18 ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (n thousands) ESTABLSHMENT DATA Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted ndustry p/ 199l / Sept. E/ p/ Total. Total private Goods-producing industries. Mining Oil and gas extraction. Construction General building contractors. Manufacturing Production workers. Durable goods Production workers Lumber and.wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products. Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment. Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Production workers. 110,409 91,756 24, ,842 1, ,778 12,694 10,858 7, , , , , ,920 5,523 Food and kindred products 1,661. Tobacco products 52.8 Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products l,017.4 Paper and allied products Printing and publishing.. 1,573.0 Chemicals and allied products (1,093.4 Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Service-producing industries. Transportation and public utilities Transportation Communications and public utilities... Wholesale trade... Durable goods... Nondurable goods. Retail trade General merchandise stores Food stores Automotive dealers and service stations... Eating and drinking places Finance, insurance, and real estate. Finance nsurance Real estate Services Business services Health services Government. Federal.. State Local = preliminary. 86,073 5,917 3,649 2,268 6,172 3,600 2,572 20,182 2, , , , ,714 3,296 2,125 1,293 28,435 5, ,02 109,796 91,084 24, ,886 1, ,497 12,554 10,543 6, , , , , ,954 5,571 1, , ,52 1, ,726 5,878 3,621 2,257 6,065 3,490 2,575 19,288 2,33 3, ,04 6, ,677 3,269 2,116 1,292 29,106 5, , ,653 18,712 2,940 2,968 4,430 4,436 11,283 11, ,784 90,918 23, ,658 90*,829 23, ,707 1, ,415 12,476 10,500 6, , , , , ,915 5,531 1, , ,528 1, ,983 5,867 3,616 2,251 6,048 3,484 2,564 19,522 2, , , , ,671 3,272 2,116 1,283 29,009 5,38 8, ,866 2,964 4,466 11,436 4,536 1, , ,453 6, , , , , ,882 5,498 1, , , , ,116 5,851 3,610 2,241 6,023 3,474 2,549 19,775 2, , , , ,678 3,282 2,115 1,281 28,960 5, , ,829 2,971 4,435 11, ,621 91,268 24, ,911 1,237 18,749 12,672 10,828 7, ,395 2,054 1,628 1, ,921 5,524 1, , ,565 1, ,246 5,867 3,595 2,272 6,166 3,596 2,570 19,579 2,444 3,242 2,067 6,601 6,733 3,296 2,128 1,309 28,548 5,275 8,032 18,353 2,948 4,347 11, ,971 90,557 23, ,691 1,165 18,442 12,488 10,553 6, ,361 1,980 1,585 1, ,889 5,505 1, , ,531 1, ,145 5,820 3,564 2,256 6,050 3,500 2,550 19,343 2,349 3,227 2,038 6,563 6,687 3,276 2,123 1,288 28,831 5,321 8,289 18,414 2,967 4,337 11, ,066 90,642 23, ,699 1,161 18,414 12,456 10,531 6, ,358 1,980 1,581 1, ,883 5,502 1, , ,530 1, ,269 5,829 3,569 2,260 6,049 3,495 2,554 19,338 2,342 3,226 2,035 6,569 6,692 3,283 2,122 1,287 28,937 5,336 8,321 18,424 2,979 4,328 11, ,073 90,606 23, ,671 1,151 18,377 12,435 10,493 6, ,356 1,968 1,573 1, ,884 5,502 1, , ,528 1, ,346 5,828 3,571 2,257 6,047 3,490 2,557 19,288 2,321 3,220 2,038 6,558 6,697 3,282 2,122 1,293 29,019 5,374 8,365 18,467 2,983 4,332 11, ,808 90,343 23, ,583 1,138 18,338 12,403 10,459 6, ,351 1,955 1,572 1, ,879 5,493 1, , ,523 1, ,213 5,819 3,566 2,253 6,032 3,481 2,551 19,196 2,287 3,211 2,037 6,552 6,692 3,275 2,122 1,295 29,009 5,339 8,398 18,465 2,979 4,340 11, ,839 90,308 23, ,596 1,142 18,306 12,391 10,425 6, ,346 1,947 1,572 1, ,881 5,498 1, , ,525 1, ,267 5,796 3,553 2,243 6,017 3,471 2,546 19,180 2,283 3,207 2,037 6,554 6,696 3,282 2,117 1,297 29,047 5,339 8,443 18,531 2,980 4,352 11,199

19 ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm payrolls by industry ESTABLSHMENT DATA ndustry Not seasonally adjusted fi/ Seasonally adjusted Sept. 199l / E/ Minino Total private. Construction. Manufacturing Overtime hours. Durable goods Overtime hours. Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products... Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products. Fabricated metal products. ndustrial machinerv and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment. Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied' products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance* and real estate. Services , j C2) / Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2/ These series are not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. P = preliminary.

20 ESTABLSHMENT DATA ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm payrolls by industry ndustry Average hourly earnings Nov fi/ Dec / Average weekly earnings p/ Mining Construction Total private Seasonally adjusted Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods. Food and kindred products Tobacco products Textile mill products. Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products, Transportation and public utilities, Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance^ insurance, and real estate Services $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm payrolls by industry* seasonally adjusted ndustry Sept. 199l / 99l / Percent change from> - Total privatei Current dollars Constant (1982) dollars^/ Mining Construction Manufacturing Excluding overtime**/ Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services $ $ $ $ $10, A: 15, , , 10, 10, $10.50 N.A (3) / See footnote 1, table B-2. 2/ The Consumer Price ndex for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CP-W) is used to deflate this series. 3/ Change was -.3 percent from October to November, the latest month available. 4/ Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf. N.A. = not available. / = preliminary.

21 ESTABLSHMENT DATA ESTABLSHMENT DATA Table B-5. ndexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers.!/ on private nonfartn payrolls by industry (1982=100) ndustry Not seasonally adjusted E / 199l / Seasonally adjusted Sept. fi/ Dec Total private Goods-producing industries Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone* clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Blast furnaces and basic steel products Fabricated metal products ndustrial machinery and equipment Electronic and other electrical equipment Transportation equipment Motor vehicles and equipment nstruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco products * Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chei.icals and allied products, Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Service-producing industries Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade RetaiX trade Finance* insurance, and real estate Services !o * Oi / See footnote 1, table B-2. P = preliminary , 123, , lor 113, 125, , ,