EMPLOYMENT and EARNINGS

Transcription

1 EMPLOYMENT and EARNINGS Vol. No. 5 November UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Arthur M. Ross, Commissioner Content* Page Prepared under the direction of: Harold Goldstein, Assistant Commissioner for Manpower and Employment Statistics Gertrude Bancroft, Special Assistant to the Commissioner of Labor Statistics Robert 0. Dorman, Chief Division of Industry Employment Statistics Robert L. Stein, Chief Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis Editor: Joseph M. Finerty Statistical JaMea Section ALabor Force, Employment, and Unemployment IN THIS ISSUE A 1: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, 1929 to date 1 A 2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, by sex, 1940, 1944, and 1947 to date 2 A 3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, by sex SIC Codes Introduced for the first time are Standard Industrial Classification codes accompanying each industry title in Tables B2, B3, C2, and D2. New Series Hours and Earnings (Table C8) for: Brockton, Massachusetts Labor Turnover (Table D5) for: Kalamazoo, Michigan A 4: Unemployed per sons, by age and sex 3 A 5: Unemployed persons, by industry of last job 3 A 6: Unemployed persons, by occupation of last job 4 A 7: Unemployed persons, by color, marital status, and household relationship 4 A 8: Unemployed persons, by duration of unemployment.»... 5 A 9: Longterm unemployed, by industry and occupation of last job... 5 A10: Longterm unemployed, by sex, age, color, and marital status 6 A 11: Unemployed persons looking for full or parttime work, by age and sex 6 A : labor force, by age and sex 7 A: Employed persons, by age and sex 7 A 14: Employed persons, by class of worker and occupation 7 A 15: Employed persons, by hours worked 8 A 16: Employed persons, by full or parttime status 8 A17: Employed persons with a job, but not at work, by reason not working and pay status 8 A18: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, by age and sex... 9 A19: Nonagricultural wage and salary workers, by full or parttime status, hour s of work, and industry 9 A20: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status, hours of work, and occupation. 10 A21: Occupation group of employed persons, by sex and color 10 A: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries, by fulltime and parttime status, hours of work, and selected characteristics 11 A23: Persons at work, by hours of work, and class of worker 11 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C Subscription price: $0 a year; $0 additional for foreign mailing. Price 50 cents a copy. A24: Summary employment and unemployment estimates, seasonally adjusted. A25: Seasonally adjusted rates of unemployment A26: Unemployed persons, by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted. A27: Employment status, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted A28: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries, by full or parttime status, seasonally adjusted Continued on following page.

2 EMPLOYMENT and EARNINGS Continued Section BPayroll Employment, by Industry National Data Page Caution Periodically, the Bureau adjusts the industry employment series to a recent benchmark to improve their accuracy. These adjustments may also affect the hours and earnings series because employment levels are used as weights. All industry statistics after March 1963, the present benchmark date, are therefore subject to revision. Beginning with December and subsequent issues of Employment and Earnings, data in tables Bl through B6, Cl through C7, and Dl through D4 are based on March 1963 benchmarks. Therefore, issues of Employment and Earnings prior to December cannot be used in conjunction with national industry data now shown in sections B, C, and D. Comparable data for priorperiods are published in Employment and Earnings Statistics for the United States BLS Bulletin 2, which may be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents for $0. For an individual industry, earlier data may be obtained upon request to the Bureau. When industry data are again adjusted to new benchmarks another edition of Employment and Earnings Statistics for the United States will be issued containing the revised data extending from April 1963 forward to a current date, as well as the prior historical statistics. Bl: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date... B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 14 B3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries 1/ 21 B4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted 27 B5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted B6: Production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted» 29 State and Area Data B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division 30 National Data Section CIndustry Hours and Earnings Cl: Gross hours and earning* of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, 1919 to date 41 C2: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, by industry 42 C3: Average hourly earning* excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry C4: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings in selected industries, in current and dollars 54 C5: Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities C6: Average weekly hours of production workers on payrolls of selected industries, seasonally adjusted 56 C7: Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours in industrial and construction activities, seasonally adjusted State and Area Data C8: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas 58 National Data Section DLabor Turnover D1: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1955 to date 63 D2: Labor turnover rates, by industry.» D3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by sex and major industry 1/ 68 D4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1955 to date, seasonally adjusted State and Area Data D5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas. 70 Technical Note BLS Regional Offices Cooperating State Agencies 1/ Quarterly data included in February, May, August, and November issues. IE Inside back cover inside back cover

3 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table Al: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, 1929 to date Year and month noninstitutional population labor force Number (In thousands) Employed * Civilian labor force Percent of population Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Number Unemployed Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Not in labor force , 1938, 49,440 50,080 50,680 51,250 51,840 52,490 53,140 53,740 54,320 54,950 49,180 49,820 50,420 51,000 51,590 52,230 52,870 53,440 54,000 54,610 47,630 45,480 42,400 38,940 38,760 40,890 42,260 44,410 46,300 44,0 10,450 10,340 10,290 10,170 10,090 9,900 10,110 10,000 9,820 9,690 37,180 35,140 32,110 28,770 28,670 30,990 32,150 34,410 36,480 34,530 1,550 4,340 8,020,060,830 11,340 10,610 9,030 7,700 10, ,9 21, (2) (2 (2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) to, 1941, 1942, , 1946, 19^7 1948, 19^9 «1950, 1951, 1952, , , 1957, 1958, 1959 i960 4, ^ 196U: October.., November., December.. : January.., February.. March April May June July August... September. October... (2) 100, , , , , , , , , , ,929 1,075 1, , , , ,734 0,445 1,950 3,366 5,368 7,852 0,081 2,4 4,143 4,772 4,952 5,5 5,302 5,469 5,651 5,8 5,982 6,160 6,252 6,473 6,670 6,862 55,600 56,180 57,530 60,380 64,560 66,040 65,300 60,970 61,758 62,898 63,721 64,749 g>,983 66,560 67,362 67,818 68,896 70,387 70,744 71,284 71,946 73,6 74,175 74,681 75,7 76,971 77,1 76,897 76,567 75,699 76,418 76,6 77,307 78,425 80,683 81,150 80,163 78,044 78,7 55,230 55,640 55,910 56,410 55,540 54,630 53,860 57,520 60,168 61,442 62,105 63,099 62,884 62,966 63,815 64,468 65,848 67,530 67,946 68,647 69,394 70,6 71,603 71,854 72,975 74,233 74,375 74,166 73,841 72,992 73,714 73,909 74,621 75,741 78,003 78,457 77,470 75,321 75,953 45,750 47,520 50,350 53,750 54,470 53,960 52,820 55,250 57,8 59,117 58,423 59,748 60,784 61,035 61,945 60,890 62,944 64,708 65,011 63,966 65,581 66,681 66,796 67,846 68,809 70,357 71,3 70,793 70,375 68,996 69,496 70,169 71,070 72,407 73,716 74,854 74,2 72,446 73,196 9,610 9,540 9,100 9,250 9,080 8,950 8,580 8,320 8,256 7,960 8,017 7,497 7,048 6,792 6,555 6,495 6,718 6,572 6,2 5,844 5,836 5,723 5,463 5,190 4,946 4,761 5,6 4,545 3,785 3,739 3,803 3,989 4,473 5,8 5,6 5,626 5,6 4,778 4,954 36,140 37,980 41,250 44,500 45,390 45,010 44,240 46,930 49,557 51,156 50,406 52,251 53,736 54,243 55,390 54,395 56,5 58,5 58,789 58,2 59,745 60,958 61,333 62,657 63,863 65,596 65,997 66,248 66,590 65,257 65,694 66,180 66,597 67,278 68,094 69,8 69,077 67,668 68,242 9,480 8,0 5,560 2,660 1, ,040 2,270 2,356 2,325 3,682 3,351 2,099 1,932 1,870 3,578 2,904 2,8 2,936 4,681 3,8 3,931 4,806 4,007 4,i66 3,876 3,252 3,373 3,466 3,996 4,218 3,740 3,552 3,335 4,287 3,602 3,258 2,875 2, (2) 44,200 43,990 42,230 39,100 38,590 40,230 45,550 45,850 45,733 46,051 46,181 46,092 46,710 47,732 48,401 48,492 48,348 49,699 50,666 51,420 52,242 53,677 55,400 56,4 57,172 57,661 58,055 58,568 59,603 59,051 59,039 58,504 57,556 55,477 55,102 56,310 58,626 58,149 *Data for adjusted to reflect changes in the definition of employment and unemployment adopted in January Two groups averaging about onequarter million workers which were formerly classified as employed (with a job but not at work) those on temporary layoff and those waiting to start new wage and salary jobs within 30 dayswere assigned to different classifications, mostly to the unemployed. Data by sex, shown in table A2, were adjusted for the years ^Not available. ^Beginning 1953» labor force and employment figures are not strictly comparable with previous years as a result of the introduction of material from the 1950 Census into the estimating procedure. Population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for total and males. Other categories were relatively unaffected. ^Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning I960 and are therefore not strictly comparable with previous years. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of about half a million in the noninstitutional population 14 years of age and over, and about 300,000 in the labor force, fourfifths of this in nonagricultural employment. The levels of other labor force categories were not appreciably changed. ^Figures for periods prior to April 1962 are not strictly comparable with current data because of the introduction of I960 Census data into the estimation procedure. The change primarily affected the labor force and employment totals, which were reduced by about 200,000. The unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. NOTE: Data for based on sources other than direct enumeration.

4 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A2: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, by sex, 1940, 1944, and 1947 to date (In thousands) Sex, year, and month noninstitutional population labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed! Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed 1 Percent of labor force Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Not in labor force MALE * * I : October November... December... : January February... March April May June July August September... October FEMALE *7 I9I I * 1963 : October November... December... : January February... March April May June... July August September... October 50,080 51,980 53,085 53,5 54,028 5*,526 5^,996 55,503 56,534 57,016 57,^* 58,044 58,8 59,^78 60,100 61,000 62,147 63,234 64,163 65,065 65,351 65,432 65,516 65,590 65,664 65,747 65,817 65,893 65,974 66,o4i 66,145 66,235 66,323 50,300 52,650 5*,523 55,118 55,7*5 56,1*04 57,078 57,766 58,561 59,203 59,904 60,690 61,632 62,472 63,265 64,368 65,705 66,848 67,962 69,079 69,421 69,520 69,619 69,7 69,805 69,904 69,99* 70,089 70,186 70,2 70,329 70,434 70,538 42,020 46,670 44,844 45,300 45,674 46,069 46,674 47,001 47,692 47,847 W,O54 ^,579 48,649 46,802 49,081 49,507 49,918 50,175 50,573 51,118 50,918 50,709 5O,48o 50,2 50,538 50,628 51,168 51,908 53,395 54,019 53,360 51,398 51,481 14,160 19,370 16,915 17,599 18,048 18,680 19,309 19,558 19,668 19,971 20,842 21,808,097,1*32,865 23,619 24,257 24,507 25,l4l 25,854 26,194 26,188 26,086 25,487 25,880 25,984 26,9 26,517 27,288 27,2 26,804 26,646 27, O * ,480 35,*6o 43,272 43,858 44,075 44,442 43,6 43,454 44,194 44,537 45,o4l 45,756 45,882 46,197 46,562 47,025 47,373 47,380 47,867 48,4lO 48,211 48,008 47,784 47,537 47,866 47,957 48,5 49,255 50,746 51,356 50,697 48,706 48,753 14,160 19,170 16,896 17,583 18,030 18,657 19,272 19,5 19,621 19,931 20,806 21,77*,064,451,832 23,587 24,5 24,474 25,109 25,823 26,164 26,158 26,056 25,*55 25,848 25,952 26,108 26,486 27,257 27,101 26,773 26,615 27,200 35,550 35,110 41,677 42,268 41,473 42,162 42,362 42,237 42,966 *2,l65 43,152 43,999 43,990 43,042 44,089 44,465 44,318 44,892 45,330 46,9 46,448 1*6,152 45,645 45,056 45,307 45,675 46,4 47,314 48,431 49,287 48,896 47,199 47,290 11,970 18,8^0 16,349 16,348 16,947 17,584 18,421 18,798 18,979 18,724 19,790 20,707 21,021 20,924 21,492,196,478,95* 23,479 24,218 24,674, 24,641 24,730 23,9*0 24,189 24,494 24,646 25,093 25,284 25,567 25,316 25,246 25,905 8,450 7,020 6,953 6,623 6,629 6,271 5,791 5,623 5,*96 5,*29 5,*79 5,268 5,037 4,802 *,7*9 4,678 4,508 4,266 4,021 3,884 4,026 3,666 3,247 3,246 3,296 3,4 3,738 4,098 4,416 4,384 4,095 3,763 3,835 1,090 1,930 1,314 1,338 1,386 1,6 1,257 1,170 1,061 1,067 1,239 1,306 1,184 1,042 1,087 1, , ,031 1,206 1,242 l,04l 1,015 1,119 27,100 28,090 34,725 35,645 34,844 35,891 36,571 36,614 37,470 36,736 37,673 38,731 38,952 38,240 39,340 39,807 39,811 40,626 41,309 42,255 42,423 42,487 42,398 4i,8io 42,011 42,253 42,683 43,216 44,015 44,903 44,801 43,436 43,456 10,880 16,920 15,036 15,510 15,561 16,358 17,164 17,628 17,918 17,657 18,551 19,401 19,837 19,882 20,1*05 21,151 21,523,031,55* 23,3*1 23,57* 23,762 24,192 23,447 23,682 23,927 23,9: 24,062 24,079 24,325 24,275 24,232 24,786 5, ,595 1,590 2,602 2,280 1,250 1,217 1,8 2,372 1,889 1,757 1,893 3,155 2,473 2,5*1 3,060 2,1*68 2,537 2,271 1,762 1,856 2,9 2,481 2,558 2,283 2,091 1,9*1 2,315 2,069 1,801 1,507 1,462 2, ,083 1, ,207 1,016 1,067 1,0*3 1,526 1,3*0 1,390 1,7*7 1,519 1,629 1,605 l,*89 1,517 1,327 1,515 1,659 i,*58 1,460 1,393 1,972 1,534 l,*57 1,368 1,295 1* 5.* * * 1 4,4 * * * 7 7 8,060 5,310 8,242 8,2 8,35* 8,457 8,3 8,502 8,840 9,169 9,*3O 9,1*65 10,164 10,677 11,019 11,493,9,059,590,947 14,434 14,723 15,035 15,377 15,6 15,119 14,649,985,579,0,785 14,837 14,842 36,140 33,280 37,608 37,520 37,697 37,724 37,770 38,208 38,893 39,232 39,062 38,883 39,535 39,990 4o,4oi 1*0,7*9 41,448 42,3*1 42,8 *3,5 43,7 43,332 43,533 44,5 43,925 43,920 43,855 43,572 42,899 43,080 43,525 43,788 43,306 *See footnote 1, table Al. %ee footnote 3» table Al. ^See footnote 4, table Al. %ee footnote 5, table Al.

5 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A3: Employment status of the noninstitutional population 14 years and over, by sex (In thousands) Employment status 62 Female , f ,434 69,421 labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work Not in labor force 78,7 75,953 73,196 4,954 68,242 2,757 2, ,149 78,044 75,321 72,446 4,778 67,668 2,875 2, ,626 77,H2 74,375 71,3 5,6 65,997 3,252 2, ,661 51,481 48,753 47,290 3,835 43,456 1,462 1, ,842 51,398 48,706 47,199 3,763 43,436 1,507 1, ,837 50,918 48,211 46,448 4,026 42,423 1,762 1, ,434 27,231 27,200 25,905 1,119 24,786 1, ,306 26,646 26,615 25,246 1,015 24,232 1,368 1, ,788 26,194 26,164 24,674 1,100 23,574 1,489 1, ,7 Table A4: Unemployed persons, by age and sex Age and sex 2,757 Thousands of persons 2,875 3,252 Unemployment rate Percent distribut ion Male 14 to 19 year: 14 and 15 y 16 to 19 y 20 to 24 year: 25 to 34 year: 35 to 44 year: 45 to 54 year: 55 to 64 year: 65 years and Female 14 to 19 years and 15 years 16 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 64 years years and over 1, , , , , , H tl ii Table A5: Unemployed persons, by industry of last job Industry Unemployment rate Percent distribution Experienced wage and salary workers.. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Mining, forestry, fisheries Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Public administration Selfemployed and unpaid family workers No previous work experience 14 to 19 years 20 years and over I

6 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A6: Unemployed persons, by occupation of last job Occupation Unemployment rate Percent distribution.. Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors. Clerical workers Sales workers.... Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen... No previous work experience Table A7: Unemployed persons, by color, marital status, and household relationship Characteristics Thousands of persons Unemployment rate Percent distribution COLOR White, total, Male Female, Nonwhite, total, Male Female MARITAL STATUS 2,757 2,205 1,195 1, ,875 2,284 1,200 1, ,252 2,580 1,430 1, Male Married, wife present Single 14 to 19 years 20 years and over Other marital status Female. Married, husband present Single 14 to 19 years 20 years and over Other marital status 2,757 1, , ,875 1, , ,252 1, , :1 HOUSEHOLD RELATIONSHIP Household head Living with relatives Not living with relatives Wife of head Other relative of head Nonrelative of head 2, , , , ,252 1, ,

7 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A8: Unemployed persons, by duration of unemployment Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 5 and 6 weeks 7 to 10 weeks 11 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 15 to 26 weeks 27 weeks and over Average (mean) duration... Thousands of persons 2,757 1, ,875 1, ,252 1, Percent distribution Category Persons on temporary layoff new jobs within 30 days. All other unemployed... Thousands of persons 2, ,607 2, ,648 3, ,079 Percent distribution Table A9: Longterm unemployed, by industry and occupation of last job Characteristics Unemployed 15 weeks and over Percent of unemployed in each group Percent distribution Unemployed 27 weeks and over Percent of unemployed in each group Percent distribution Civilian labor force (percent distribution) INDUSTRY Experienced wage and salary workers Agriculture Nonagricultural industries..... Mining, forestry, fisheries.... Construction, Manufacturing, Durable goods Nondurable goods, Transportation and public utilities, Wholesale and retail trade..., Finance, insurance, and real estate, and service industries. Public administration ll.l O Selfemployed and unpaid family workers No previous work experience (l) OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen No previous work experience O Percent not shown where base is less than 100,

8 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A10: Longterm unemployed by sex, age, color, and marital status Characteristics u^employed 15 ^veeks and over Percent of unemployed Percent distribution in each group Unemployed 27 weeks and over Percent of unemployed in each group Percent distribution Civilian labor force (percent distribution) AGE Male 14 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over Female 14 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 years and over White, total Male Female Nonwhite, total Male Female COLOR MARITAL STATUS Male Married, wife present... Single 14 to 19 years 20 years and over Other marital status Female Married, husband present.. Single 14 to 19 years 20 years and over Other marital status I O * Table All: Unemployed persons looking for full or parttime work, by age and sex Age and sex Looking for fulltime work (thousands of persons) Looking for parttime work (thousands of persons) Looking for parttime work as a percent of unemployed in each group 2, ,2 2, Male 14 to 19 years.... Major activity: Going to school. All other 20 to 24 years to 54 years years and over.. Female 14 to 19 years.... Major activity: Going to school. All other 20 to 24 years 25 to 54 years years and over.. 1, , , Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000. 1, ,

9 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A: labor force, by age and sex Table A: Employed persons, by age and sex Age and sex Male 14 to 19 years and 15 years.. 16 and 17 years.. 18 and 19 years.. 20 to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 64 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over.. Female 14 to 19 years and 15 years., 16 and 17 years.. 18 and 19 years.. 20 to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 64 years to 59 years to 64 years years and over.. Thousands of persons 78,7 51,481 4, ,520 2,155 5,864 10,664 11,472 10,155 6,780 3,946 2,834 2,158 27,231 3, ,663 3,440 4,467 5,840 5,841 3,633 2,236 1,397 S58 Sent ,398 4, ,450 2,7 5,905 10,682 11,506 10,1 6,752 3,926 2,826 2,172 2f> 646 2, ,608 3,372 4,336 5,744 5,766 3,561 2,214 1, ,918 3,966 62? 1,349 1,996 5,707 10,668 11,539 10,056 6,853 3,930 2,923 2,0 26,194 2, ,332 3,315 4,0 5,717 5,303 3,501 2,3 1, Oct, Labor force participation rate ,7 49, Age and sex 14 to 19 years to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 64 years years and over.. Nonagricultural 14 to 19 years to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 64 years years and over.. Agriculture 14 to 19 years to 24 years to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years to 64 years years and over.. 47,290 3,596 V>493 9,718 10,923 9,378 6,586 2,097 43,456 3,032 4,232 9,242 10,264 9,0 5,948 1,519 3, (In thousands) Male 47,199 3,510 4,518 9,703 10,950 9,842 6,562 2,115 43,436 2,990 4,249 9,250 10,310 9,092 5,902 1,643 3, ,448 3,097 4,417 9,649 10,863 9,745 6,614 2,064 42,423 2,526 4,097 9,119 10,2 8,977 5,925 1,565 4, ,905 2,716 3,207 4,239 5,568 5,675 3, ,786 2,569 3,0 4,094 5,332 5,421 3, , Female 25,246 2,552 3,162 4,072 5,462 5,583 3, ,232 2,423 3,090 3,945 5,265 5,3 3, , ,674 2,311 3,038 3,976 5,456 5,588 3, ,574 2,159 2,962 3,8 5,231 5,327 3, , Table A14: Employed persons, by class of worker and occupation (In thousands) Characteristics Oct, Male Female CLASS OF WORKER Selfemployed workers 73,196 68,242 61,520 2,591 9,843 49,086 6, ,954 1,843 2, ,446 67,668 61,003 2,503 9,732 48,768 6, ,778 1,672 2, ,3 65,997 59,082 2,481 9,536 47,065 6, ,6 1,893 2, ,290 43,456 33, ,801 32,595 4, ,835 1,417 2, ,199 43,436 38, ,361 32,529 4, ,763 1,305 2, ,448 42,423 37, ,6 31,585 4, ,026 1,490 2, ,905 24,736,806 2,273 4,042 16,491 1, ,246 24,232,284 2,174 3,871 16,239 1,4 r >35 1, ,674 23,574 21,579 2,186 3,9 15,430 1, , OCCUPATION Craftsmen and foremen 73,196 32,1 9,8 7,096 11,206 4,731 26,043 9,609,436 3,743 9,546 2,341 7,205 4,538 2,192 2,396 72,446 31,831 8,953 7,181 11,051 4,646 26,870 9,603,472 3,795 9,354 2,215 7,9 4,392 2,1 2,171 71,3 31,268 8,848 7,393 10,507 4,520 25,874 9,185,092 3,597 9,190 2,6 r ),964 4,791 2,3?3 2,463 47,290 17,899 5,765 6,036 3,190 2,908,586 9,320 9,627 3,639 3, ,209 3,531 2,055 1,476 47,199 17,360 5,730 6,098 3,192 2,840,618 9,325 9,532 3,711 3, ,211 3,464 2,103 1,356 46,448 17,738 5,550 6,279 3,1 2,778 21,829 8,924 9,376 3,5?9 3, ,102 3,723 2,181 1, , ,060 8,015 1,872 4, , , 68 2,273 3,995 1, ,246,970 3,2?? 1,083 7,859 1,806 4, ,891 6,097 2,168 3, ,529 3,293 1,114 7,376 1,741 4, , ,037 2,175 3,86? 1,062 14? O652

10 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A15: Employed persons, by hours worked (In thousands) Hours worked All industries oent. Nonagricultural industries Agriculture 73,196 72, , ? ,954 4,778 5,6 With a job but not at work 4 hours 514 hours hours 3540 hours 41 hours and over.. Average hours, total at work 2,546 70,649 14,528 1,075 3,638 9,8 55,1 31,564 24, ,989 69,457,559 1,004 3,307 8,245 56,899 32,381 24, o 0 2,925 68,198 l=v4 3,446 11,054 52,7 29,731,931?,444 65,790,052 3,337 3,726 52,743 30,846 21,900 2,843 h4,82 r. 11, ,962 7, ,666 31,626, ,791 63,205, ,094 9,824 49,349 29,065 20, ,852 1, ,087 3, , ,632 1, , , ,994 1, ,231 3, , Table A16: Employed persons, by full or parttime status (In thousands) Full or parttime status All industries Sent a Oct0 Nonagricultural industries Sent. Oct,... 73,196 72,446 71,3 58,242 67,668 65,997 With a job but not at work At work 35 hours or more Bad weather Illness All other reasons.. On part time for economic reasons.... Usually work full time Usually wr»rk part t»»ne... Average hours. On part time for noneconomic reasons; usually 2,546 70,649 59,337 55,1 3,265 27b b 665 1, ^7 59^202 56,899 2, , ,343 : :, i:" ' 57,284 52, ,193 1, ,4 18 8,718 2,444 65,798 55,819 57,746 3,07" , ,294 2,843 64,825 55,669 53,666 2, , ,451 2,791 63,205 53,597 49, , ,684 Table A17: Employed persons with a job, but not at work, by reason not working and pay status (In thousands) Nonagricultural industries Reason not working All industries Sent. Number Wage and salary workers Percent paid 2,545 2? r r 791 2,9 2,505 2, Bad weather.. Industrial dispute Vacation... Illness All other reasons ,029 1, , ,017 1, , , , ,000.

11 Table A18: Employment status of the noninstitutional population, by age and sex October HOUSEHOLD DATA (In thousands) Age, sex, and color labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agri cul Nonagricultural indus Unemployed Percent of labor force Keeping house Not in labor force In school Unable to work Male 51, ,753 47,290 3,835 43,456 1,462 14, ,856 1,4 6, and 15 years. 16 and 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 to 24 years.. 25 to 29 years.. 30 to 34 years.. 35 to 39 years.. 7 1,520 2,155 5,864 5,391 5,273 5, ,481 1,843 4,694 4,959 4,951 5, ,287 1,640 4,493 4,849 4,869 5, ,053 1,496 4,232 4,638 4,604 5, ,870 2,006 1, ,845 1,926 1, to 44 years.. 45 to 49 years.. 50 to 54 years.. 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 to 69 years.. 70 years and over 5,801 5,304 4,851 3,946 2,834 1, ,665 5,237 4,831 3,943 2,833 1, ,578 5,145 4,733 3,838 2,748 1, ,188 4,767 4,353 3,521 2, ,614 3, ,501 3,567 White Nonwhite 46,250 5, ,755 4,997 42,560 4,730 3, ,303 4,153 1, ,4 1, , , Female... 27, ,200 25,905 1,119 24,786 1,295 43,306 34,308 6,819 1, and 15 years.. 16 and 17 years. 18 and 19 years. 20 to 24 years.. 25 to 29 years.. 30 to 34 years.. 35 to 39 years ,663 3,440 2,281 2,186 2, ,657 3,428 2,277 2,183 2, ,445 3,207 2,165 2,074 2, ,409 3,0 2,105 1,989 2, ,057 2,469 1,632 3,377 3,428 3,349 3, ,800 3,349 3,297 3,3 2,979 2, to 44 years.. 45 to 49 years.. 50 to 54 years.. 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 to 69 years.. 70 years and over 3,110 3,081 2,760 2,236 1, ,108 3,080 2,759 2,236 1, ,966 2,975 2,700 2,193 1, ,851 2,830 2,591 2,090 1, ,9 2,731 2,639 2,480 2,672 2,794 6,094 3,150 2,692 2,550 2,402 2,559 2,630 5, White Nonwhite 23,553 3, ,524 3,676,515 3, ,703 3,083 1, ,324 3,932 31,964 2,844 5, Table A19: Nonagricultural wage and salary workers, by full or parttime status, hours of work, and industry October (Percent distribution) Full or parttime status Hours of work Industry work On fulltime schedules Usually work full time Economic reasons On part time Usually work part time Other reasons Usually work part time at work 1 to 34 hours 35 to 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 49 hours and over Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries , G 1 includes forestry and fisheries, mining and public administration, not shown separately.

12 HOUSEHOLD DATA 10 Table A20: Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status, hours of work, and occupation Occupation Thousands at work Percent October (Percent distribution) Full or parttime status On part time On fulltime Economic reasons sched Usually work full time Usually work part time Other reasons Usually work part time at work 1 to 34 hours Hours of work 35 to 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 49 hours and over Average hours, total at work Whitecollar workers» Professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Clerical workers Sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen and foremen... Operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 31,051 8,868 6,807 10,793 4,583 25,801 9,234,959 3,608 9,307 2,308 6, l.l o , Table A21: Occupation group of employed persons, by sex and color October Percent distribution Occupation Male Female Male Male Female Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Medical and other health Teachers, except college Other professional and technical Managers, officials, and proprietors Salaried workers Selfemployed workers in retail trade Selfemployed workers, except retail trade... Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries Other clerical workers Sales workers Retail trade Other sales workers Bluecollar workers Craftsmen, foremen Carpenters. Construction craftsmen, except carpeaters... Mechanics and repairmen Metal craftsmen, except mechanics Other craftsmen and kindred workers Foremen, not elsewhere classified Operatives Drivers and deliverymen Other operatives Durable goods manufacturing Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries Nonfarm laborers Construction Manufacturing Other industries Service workers Private household workers Service workers, except private household Protective service workers Waiters, cooks, and bartenders Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and foremen Paid workers Unpaid family workers 1 Less than , *0 32,1 9,8 1,437 1,997 5,704 7,096 4,233 1,394 1,469 11,206 2,985 8,1 4,781 2,884 1,897 26,843 9, ,946 2,396 1,1 1,882 1,371,486 2,5 10,974 4,278 3,793 2,903 3, ,087 1,845 9,546 2,341 7, ,060 4,316 4,588 2,192 2,396 1, ,899 14,,319 3, l,4io 1,096 1, ,015 2,938 5,077 1,872 1, , , ,805 1,035 2, ,268 2,273 3, ,453 2,508 1, > y 5, ,608 6,036 3,630 1,067 1,339 3, ,144 2,908 1,202 1,706,586 9, ,933 2,380 1,096 1,735 1,277 9,627 2,457 7,170 3,244 1,788 2,8 3, ,024 1,805 3, , , 3,531 2,055 1,476 1, & ! 4 l.l l.l i l* \

13 11 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries, by fulltime and parttime status, hours of work, and selected characteristics Characteristics Thousands at work Percent October (Percent distribution) Full or parttime status On full sched ules On part time Economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Other reasons Usually work part time at work 1 to 34 hours Hours of work 35 to 40 hours 41 hours and over Average hours, total AGE AND SEX 65, »2 Male 14 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over Female 14 to 17 years 18 and 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over MARITAL STATUS AND SEX Male: Single Married, wife present Other Female: Single Married, husband present.. Other White Male Female Nonwhite Male Female COLOR AND SEX to, 956 1,50* l>75 4,9 9,043 9,958 14,331 1,505 23,842 1,150 1,383 3,042 3,921 5A39 8, ,75^ 33,008 2,193 5,593,317 ^,932 58,787 37,921 20,866 7,011 M35 2, l!8 ^ O I ^ I i o Hours of work Table A23: Persons at work, by hours of work, and class of worker October (Percent distribution) Wage and salary workers Agriculture Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries Wage and salary workers Private households Government Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers at work...thousands Percent 1 to 34 hours 1 to 14 hours 15 to 2 1 hours to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours 35 to 40 hours 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 hours and over 41 to 47 hours 48 hours 49 hours and over 49 to 54 hours 55 to 59 hours 60 to 69 hours 70 hours and over Average hours, total at work... 70,649 4, ^ , A * 9* , k , ,384 2,561 9,53^ A , ^ 3 8 I6!o 6 5, J

14 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table A24: Summary employment and unemployment estimates, seasonally adjusted Employment status labor force Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries. Unemployed 78,538 75,778 72,486 4,551 67,935 3,292 78,206 75,483 72,182 4,405 67,777 3,301 78,1*65 75,772 72,397 4,576 67,821 3,375 July 78,874 76,181 72,766 4,674 68,092 3,415 (In thousands) June 78,356 75,676 72,118 4,659 67,459 3,558 May 78,7 75,443 71,937 4,958 66,979 3,506 Apr. 78,063 75,377 71,717 4,843 66,874 3,660 Max. 77,647 74,944 71,440 4,550 66,890 3,504 Feb. 77,755 75,051 71,304 66,709 3,747 Jan. 77,621 74,914 71,284 4,5 66,771 3,630 Dec. 77,432 74,706 71,004 4,541 66,463 3,702 Nov. 77,140 74,409 70,755 4,671 66,084 3, * 76,996 74,259 70,379 4,721 65,658 3,880 Table A25: Seasonally adjusted rates of unemployment Selected unemployment rates (all civilian workers) Men, 20 years and over., years 25 years and over. Women, 20 years and over, Both sexes, 1419 years, Married men (wife present) Experienced wage and salary workers, Labor force time lost, o2 July 1 June 7. 1 May 1 Apr. 7 1 Mar. 1 Feb. 1 Jan. 7 1 Dec. 6.Q 1 Nov Table A26: Unemployed persons, by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over: Percent of civilian labor force 1,576 1, , , , (In thousands) June 1,802 1, ,876 1, Apr. 1,858 1, Mar. 1, Feb. 1,752 1, Jan. 1,663 1, Dec. 1,719 1, Nov. 1,593 1, ,817 1, Employment status, age and sex Civilian labor force Men, 20 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 14 to 19 years Employed, all industries Men, 20 years and over Women> 20 years and over Both sexes, 14 to 19 years Employed, nonagricultural industries Men, 20 years and over... Women, 20 years and over.. Both sexes, 14 to 19 years.. Unemployed Men, 20 years and over Women, 20 years and over Both sexes, 14 to 19 years... Table A27: Employment stqtus, by age and sex, seasonally adjusted 75,778 44,5 23,760 7, ,206,756 6,524 67,935 4O,O63,019 5,853 3,292 1,307 i,oo ,483 44,573 23,716 7,194 72,182 43,211,7 6,258 67,777 40,085,029 5,663 3,301 1,362 1, ,772 44,877 23,772 7,3 72,397 43,456,703 6,238 67,821 40,282 21,952 5,587 3,375 1,421 1, July (In thousands) June 76,181 75,676 44,958 44,996 23,878 23,895 7,345 6,785 72,766 72,118 43,544 43,542,846,750 6,376 5,826 68,092 67,459 40,342 40,262,097,011 5,653 5,186 3,415 3,558 1,414 1,454 1,032 1, May 75,443 45,052 23,375 7,016 71,937 43,579,362 5,996 66,979 40,2 21,526 5,24o 3,506 1,473 1,0 1,020 Apr. Mar. 75,377 74,944 44,947 44,943 23,455 23,38o 6,975 6,621 71,717 71,44o 43,415 43,438,387,299 5,915 66,874 5,703 66,89C 40,5 40,265 21,570 21,572 5,169 5,053 3,660 3,504 1,532 1,505 1,068 1,060 1, Feb. 75,051 45,038 23,501 6,5 71,304 43,418,314 5,572 66,709 4o,l82 21,553 4,974 3,747 1,620 1,187 94o Jan. 74,914 44,930 23,489 6,495 71,284 43,345,434 5,505 66,771 40,159 21,674 4,938 3,630 1,585 1, Dec. 74,706 44,687 23,375 6,644 71,004 43,5,277 5,602 66,1*63 39,954 21,502 5,007 3,702 1,562 1,098 1,042 Nov. 74,409 44,593 23,159 6,657 70,755 43,050,000 5,705 66,084 39,818 21,230 5,036 3,654 1,543 1, Table A28: Persons at work in nonagricultural industries, by full or parttime status, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) 74,259 44,642 23,110 6,507 70,379 42,862 21,942 5,575 65,658 39,540 21,4 4,894 3,880 1,780 1, Full or parttime status On fulltime schedules On part time for economic reasons.. Usually work full time Usually work part time On part time for noneconomic reasons; usually work part time 54,671 1, ,914 54,955 1,774 84o 934 7,734 54,920 2, ,063 7,705 July 55,153 2, ,9 7,926 June 54,656 2, ,036 7,931 May 54,185 1, ,411 Apr. 53,906 1, ,007 7,193 Mar. 54,335 1, ,082 7,219 Feb. 54,147 1, ,045 7,8 Jan. 54,175 2,8 1,000 1,8 7,338 Dec. 53,682 2,2 1,044 1,088 7,351 Nov. 53,303 1, ,052 7,178 52,495 2,098 96l 1,7 7,332

15 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT Table B1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division 1919 to date (In thousands) Year and month Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retai^ trade ' Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government Federal State and local S21...C..., 19, $, 1926, 1927, 1928, , 1931, 1932, 1933, 1934 «1$ , , S43, 19hk < 1946 «191* , 1*9 1950, 1951, 1952, , , ^0* « : October,. November. December. : January.. February. March... April... May June July August... September October.. 27,088 27,350 24,382 25,827 28,391* 28,01*0 28,778 29,819 29,976 30,000 27,053 29,082 31,026 29,209 30,618 32,376 36,554 40,5 1*2,452 41,883 40,394 41,674 43,881 44,891 1*3,778 45,2 47^849 48,825 50,232 49,0 50,675 52,408 52,89* 51,368 53,297 5*,2O3 53,969 55,515 56,645 59,164 59,441 59,938 58,271 58,398 58,847 59,545 60,058 60,884 60,749 61,046 61,6 61,833 1,3 1, ,2 1,101 1,089 1,185 1,2* 1,050 1,087 1, *1* , * 92$ $$ 99k ,021 81*8 1,0 1,185 1,9 1,321 1,1*1*6 1,555 1,608 1,606 1,1*97 1,372 1, ,11*5 1,1 1,055 1,150 1,291* 1,790 2,170 1,567 1,091* 1,2 1,661 1,982 2,169 2,165 2,333 2,603 2,631* 2,623 2,6 2,802 2,99? 2,923 2,778 2,960 2,885 2,816 2,902 2,983 3,106 3,376 3,273 3,053 2,837 2,756 2,865 3,020 3,245 3,429 3,502 3,606 3,524 3,486 10,659 10,658 8,257 9,0 10,300 9,671 9,939 10,156 10,001 9,91*7 10,702 9^562 8,170 6,931 7,397 O'S 1 9,069 9,827 10,791* 9,1*1*0 10,278 10,985,192 15,280 17,602 17,328 15,521* li,7o3 15,545 15,582 H*,l*l*l 15,21*1 16,393 16,632 17,51*9 16,314 16,882 17,243 17,17* 15,9*5 16,675 16,796 16,326 16,853 17,005 17J3O3 17,428 17,638 17,601 17,456 17,538 17,643 17,732 17,826 18,109 18,105 18,303 18,521 18,483 3,7U 3,998 3,1*59 3,505 3,882 3,807 3,826 3,91*2 3,895 3,828 3,916 3,685 3,251* 2,816 2,672 2,750 2,786 2,973 3,1* 2,863 2,936 3,038 3,271* 3,1*60 3,61*7 3,829 3,906 l*,06l 1*,166 1*,189 l*,001 l*,03l* 1*,6 l*,2l*8 l*,290 4,084 4,141 4,244 4,241 3,976 4,011 4,oo4 3,903 3,906 3,91* 3,976 4,028 4,0 4,024 3,880 3,933 3,985 4,004 4,04l *,109 4,3 *,7 4,151 4,8 NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959 This inclu: March 1959 benchmark month. Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. 4,589 l*,9o3 5,290 5,1*07 5,576 5,781* 5,908 5,871* 6,3 5,797 5,281* 1*,683 1*,755 5,281 5,101 5,809 6,265 6,179 6,1*26 6,750 7,210 7,118 6,982 7,058 7,311* 8,376 8,955 9,272 9,261* 9,386 9,71*2 10,001* 102ltf 10,235 10,535! 10,858 10,886 10,750 11,7 11,391 11,337 11,566 11,803 *188,341,518,166,275,209,262,517,528,665,658,675,746,857 1,681* 1,751* 1,873 1,821 1,71*1 1,762 1,862 2,190 2,361 2,1*89 2,1*87 2,518 2,606 2,687 2,727 2,739 2,796 2,884 2,9*6 3,004 2,993 3,056 3,269 3,272 3,298 3,254 3,252 3,26o 3,272 3,286 3,335 3,375 3,400 3,396 3,406 l*,7l*2 1*,996 5,338 5,297 52!a 5,296 5,1*52 6,186 6,59$ 6,783 6,778 6,868 7,6 7,317 7,520 7,*96 7,7*0 7,97* 7,992 7,902 8,182 8,388 8,3** 8,5H 885 8,969 9,072 9,246 9,868 9,021 8,957 9,002 9,245 9,242 9,330 9,283 9,275 9,350 9,451 1,211 1,175 1,163 1,11*1* 1,190 1,231 1,233 1,305 1,367 1,1*35 1,509 1,1*75 1,1*07 l,3bl 1,295 1,319 1,335 1,388 1,1*32 1,1*25 1,1*62 1,502 1,51*9 1,538 1,502 1,1*76 1,1*97 1,697 1,751* 1,829 1,857 1,919 1,991 2,069 2,U*6 2,234 2,335 2,429 2,477 2,519 2,59* 2,669 2,731 2,800 2,873 2J944 2,961 2,958 2,957 2,9*9 2,960 2,973 2,985 3,002 3,034 3,069 3,072 3,04o 3,028 2,263 2,362 2,1* 2,503 2,681* 2,782 2,869 3,01*6 3,168 3,265 3,1*1*0 3,376 3,183 2,931 2,873 3,058 3,li*2 3,326 3,518 3,1*73 3,517 3,681 3,921 4,084 l*,li*8 4,263 1*,21*1 1*,719 5,050 5,206 5,264 5,382 5,576 5,730 5,867 6,002 6,274 6,536 6,7*9 6,811 7,115 7,392 7,610 7*7 8,230 8,533 8,676 8,608 8,585 8,515 8,564 8,623 8,754 8,859 8,964 9,028 9,008 8,998 I&018. 2,676 2,603 2,528 2,538 2,607 2,720 2,800 2,81*6 2,915 2,995 3,065 3,11*8 3,264 3,2# 3,166 3,299 3,1*81 3,668 3,756 3,883 3,995 l*,2o2 1*,66O 5,1*83 6,080 6,01*3 5,944 5,595 5,*7l* 5,650 5,856 6,026 6,389 6,609 6,61*5 6,751 6,91* 7*616 7,639 8,083 8,353 2'2* 8,890 9,199 9,502 9,710 9,790 9,917 9,740 9,8 9,881 9,910 9,925 9,932 9,619 9,601 10,002 10, ,31*0 2,2 2,905 2,928 2,808 2,254 1,892 1,863 1,908 1,928 2,302 2,420 2,305 2,188 2,187 2,209 2,217 2,191 2,233 2,270 2,279 2,340 2,356 2,3*3 2,329 2,352 2,482 2,323 2,319 2,326 2,337 2,338 2,373 2,407 2,408 2,377 2,379 resulted in an increase of 2,000 (0 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the 2,532 2,6 2,704 2,666 2,601 2,647 2,728 2,842 2,923 3,054 3,090 3,206 3,320 3,270 3,174 3,116 3,7 3,341 3,582 3,787 3,948 4,098 4,087 4,168 4,340 4,563 *,727 5,069 5 '2f? 5,646 5,850 6,083 6,315 6,550 6,841 7,155 7,381 7,438 7,435 7,417 7,503 7,555 7,573 7,587 7,559 7,2 ',193.,625 7,8

16 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT Table B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry (In thousands) SIC Code Industry AH employees 196*1 Production workers 1 196*1 TOTAL 61,833 61,6 il,046 59,164 59,258 MINING METAL MINING Iron ores. Copper ces O , COAL MINING Bituminous IO ,2 8 CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS.... Crude petroleum and natural gas fields... Oil and gis field services QUARRYING AND NONMETALLIC MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 3,486 3,524 3,606 3,376 3,391 3,032 3,1 2,9 I 2,927 GENERAL EU'LDING CONTRACTORS 1,14 1,05 1, HEAVY CONSTRUCTION Highway and street construction. Other heavy construction i I 27 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS 1,679 1,70 1,617 1,619 1,42 1,44 1,37 1,377 MANUFACTURING. 18,483 L8,521 18,303 17,428 17,792,8 L3,858 L3,6 fl2,915 il3,28o 19,24,25,3239 DURABLE GOODS 10,699.0,686 0,477 9,806 L0,105 7,956 7,741 7,190 : 7, ,2631 NONDURABLE GOODS 7,784 7,835 7,826 7,6 7,687, 5,852 5,902 5,881 5,725 5,790 Durable Goods ,3,5,6,9 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms. Sighting and fire control equipment Other ordnance and accessories H ! 68.0 j 33. # O ' ,2 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general. Millwork, plywood, and related products.. Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates Miscellaneous wood products I * See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary * o.O

17 Table B2: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT SIC Code Industry (In thousands) AH employees Production workers 1 Durable GoodsContinued ,9 FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood house furniture, unupholstered... Wood house furniture, upholstered Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions; office and store fixtures Other furniture and fixtures , , STONE, CLAY. AND CLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown.. Glass containers Pressed and blown glassware, n.e.c... Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products... Other stone and mineral products Abrasive products , 33, 117, 64, 52, 40, 69, 30, 43, 183, 0, 24, , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products... Blast furnaces, steel and rolling mills.. Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous smelting and refining Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding. Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding.. Aluminum rolling, drawing, and extruding Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal industries... Iron and steel forgings 1,26 (*) , , , , ,02 (*) , , , , ,3, , ,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware. Cutlery and hand tools, including saws. Hardware, n.e.c Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures.. Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products... Fabricated structural steel Metal doots, sash, frames, and trim.... Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products. Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Coating, engraving, and allied services.. Miscellaneous fabricated wire products... Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.. Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings, , C> o , , , o 64, , S , , See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary O653

18 ESTABLISHMENT DATA * EMPLOYMENT TabU B2: Employes on nonagricultural payrolls, by industrycontinued SIC Code Industry (In, thousands) All employees Production workers 1 Durable Goods Continued , , , , , , ,9 MACHINERY Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, n.e.c Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery... Oil field machinery and equipment... Conveyors, hoists, and industrial cranes Metalworking machinery and equipment... Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures.. Machine tool accessories Miscellaneous metalworking machinery. Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps; air and gas compressors Ball and roller bearings Mechanical power transmission goods.. Office, computing, and accounting machinea Computing machines and cash registers. Service industry machines Refrigeration, except home refrigerators. Miscellaneous machinery ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES... Electric distribution equipment Power and distribution transformers... Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment... Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus.... Radio and TV communication equipment. Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Electronic components, n.e.c Misc. electrical equipment and supplies... Electrical equipment for engines TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories.... Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most 1, ,734. I89, , , H 8O I89.O , , , I I , , ; preliminary. 1, I 190 1, I , I , , 54, , , , 4, , , , , 1, I I87.I ,6 6 I , , , , , i4.i ,20 60 I IO , IO , , I , ao O , ,068 II ,

19 17 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT Table B2*. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry Sept, (In thousands) All employees Aug, Sept, Production workers * Durable Goods Continued , INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS... Engineering and scientific instruments... Mechanical measuring and control devices Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Surgical, medical, and dental equipment.. Photographic equipment and supplies Watches and clocks (*) 39 69, 2 99, , 68, 99, 61, 38, 47, 58, 85, * <*) S ,8,9 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware.... Toys, amusement, and sporting goods... Toys, games, dolls, and play vehicles. Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c.... Pens, pencils, office, and art materials.. Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.,. Other manufacturing industries Nondurable Goods ,6 2032, FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing and packing Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk Canned and preserved food, except meats.. Canned, cured, and frozen.sea foods... Canned food, except sea foods Frozen food, except sea foods Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds for animals and fowls... Bakery products Bread, cake, and perishable products... Biscuit, crackers, and pretzels, Sugar Confectionery and related products Candy and other confectionery products.. Beverages Malt liquors *. Bottled and canned soft drinks... Miscellaneous food and kindred products.. 1, , , j , , , , , , , , TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Cotton broad woven fabrics Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics... Weaving and finishing broad woolens Narrow fabrics and small wares Knitting Fullfashioned hosiery Seamless hosiery Knit outerwear Knit underwear Finishing textiles', except wool and knit... Floor covering Yarn and thread Miscellaneous textile goods See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

20 ESTABLISHMENT DATA» EMPLOYMENT Table B2: Employees on nonagriculturat payrolls, by industry Continued (In thousands) SIC Code Industry All employees Production workers* Nondurable Goods Continued , ,2 APPAREL AND RELATED PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and night wear... Men's and boys' separate trousers Work clothing. Women's^ misses', and juniors' outerwear Women's blouses, waists and shins.... Women's, misses', and juniors' dresses.. Women's suits, skirts, and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, n.e.c... Women's and children's undergarments.... Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Girls' and children's outerwear Children's dresses, blouses, and shirts.. Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel.... Miscellaneous fabricated textile products.. Housefurnishings 1, , , , , , , , , , ,2, , PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp Paperboard Converted paper and paperboard products.. Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes.... Corrugated and solid fiber boxes S ,6,7, , ,2 286, ,9 PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Newspaper publishing and printing Periodical publishing and printing Books Commercial printing. Commercial printing, except lithographic Commercial printing, lithographic.... Bookbinding and related industries Other publishing and printing industries.. CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Plastics and synthetics, except glass... Plastics and synthetics, except fibers. Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners,.and toilet goods Soap and detergents Toilet preparations Paints, varnishes, and allied products... Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete and mixing only. Other chemical products PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products 9S7.O S " , 140, ,3,6 307 RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products ,3,57,9 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

21 TabU B2: Employees on nonagricoltural payrolls, by industry Continued ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT (In thousands) SIC Code Industry 19 6$ Ail employees " Production workers* TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 4,8 4,151 4,7 4,028 4, RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION.. Class I railroads LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation. Intercity and rural bus lines , MOTOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE 1,04 1, ,2 AIR TRANSPORTATION Air transportation, common carriers : PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION OTHER TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Telegraph communication' Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES.. Electric companies and systems Water, steam, and sanitary systems , WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 4....,857,746,675,341,243 9,600 9,529 9,323 9, WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles and automotive equipment.. Drugs, chemicals, and allied products... Dry goods and apparel Hardware, plumbing, and heating goods... Machinery, equipment, and supplies 3,406 3, , , , , , ,7oo , RETAIL TRADE 4 9,451 9,350 9,275 9,072 8,985 6,7 6,635 6,535 6, GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES Department stores Limited price variety stores 1,84 1, 30 1,79 1, ,80 1, ,74 1, ,686 1, ,64 1, ,649 1, , FOOD STORES Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores 1,477 1,30 1,45 1,28 1,43 1,26 1,41 1,249 1,370 1, ,348 1,189 1,33 1,17 1,31 1, APPAREL AND ACCESSORIES STORES... Men's and boys' apparel stores Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores. Shoe stores ,1 583, FURNITURE AND APPLIANCE STORES EATING AND DRINKING PLACES 1,89 1,90 1,830 1,84 52,55, ,9 591 OTHER RETAIL TRADE Motor vehicle dealers Other vehicle and accessory dealers Drug stores 3, , ?., , ,703, , , , See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

22 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT Table B2: 20 Employees in nonagriculturai payrolls, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (In thousands) All employees Production workers * FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 3,028 3,o4o 3,072 2,961 2, ,67 Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions Security dealers and exchanges 5 Insurance carriers 5 Life insurance^ Accident and health insurance 5 Fire, marine, and casualty insurance 5... Insurance agents, brokers, and services.... Real estate Operative builders Other finance, insurance, and real estate if SERVICES AND MISCELLANEOUS... 9,018 8,998 9,008 8,676 8, ,3 806 Hotel and lodging places Hotels, tourist courts, and motels... Personal services: Laundries, cleaning and dyeing plants Miscellaneous business services: Advertising Motion pictures Motion picture filming and distributing Motion picture theaters and services. Medical services: Hospitals , l4i 1, , , GOVERNMENT 10,191 10,002 9,601 9,710 9,509 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT* Executive Department of Defense Post Office Department Other agencies Legislative Judicial 2,379 2,377 2,3^ ,4o8 2, ,329 2, ,320 2, ,93 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT.. 7,8 7,625 7,193 7,381 7, State government State education Other State government Local government Local education Other local government 1,96 61*. 2 1,320 5,660 3,117 2,54 1, ,340 5, ,660 2,616 1, ,24 5,489 3,06 2, , ,267 5,358 2,89 2,46 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, to construction workers; and for all other industries, to nonsupervisory workers. ^Beginning January, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of 15,000,000 or more. 3Data for nonsupervisory workers exclude messengers. 4 Data for nonsupervisory workers exclude eating and drinking places. 5 Data for nonoffice salesmen excluded from nonsupervisory count. ^Prepared by the U.S. Civil Service Commission. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies. Not available. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

23 21 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYMENT Table B3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries sic Code Industry Number (in thousands) July Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) April Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) July Percent of total Mnployment MINING , METAL MINING COAL MINING ,2 8 CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS Crude petroleum and natural gas fields..... Oil and gas field services QUARRYING AND NONMETALLIC MINING MANUFACTURING 4, , , ,24,25, ,2631 DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS 1,867 2, ,836 2, ,735 2, Durable Goods 2,3,5,6,9 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms Sighting and fire control equipment Other ordnance and accessories , , , ,4 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood, and related products Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood house furniture, unupholstered Wood house furniture, upholstered Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions^ office and store fixtures «...««Other furniture and fixtures STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glassware, n.e.c Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Other stone and mineral products Abrasive products PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products..... Blast furnaces, steel and rolling mills... Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries; Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous smelting and refining ? ii lu ?

24 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYMENT Table B3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries Continued SIC Code Industry Number (in thousands) July Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) April Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) July Percent of total employment Durable GoodsContinued , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIESContinued Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding,. Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding... Aluminum rolling, drawing, and extruding.. Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating... Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings. Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal industries Iron and steel forgings , ,8 3,,9 2., ,3, , ,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans.... Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware... Cutlery and hand tools, including saws... Hardware, n.e.c. Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures.... Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods.. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, frames, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural and miscellaneous metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers.. Metal stampings Coating, engraving, and allied services.... Miscellaneous fabricated wire products.... Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.... Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings S , C 14, IS a ,6 11.,7 40,,8.,0 23.,8 10,,2 5,,5 4«,7 30.,3 4,,7 10, 6.,5 5,,3 3,,2 17,,1 7, 9,,3 35,,4,,9,,7 20,,5 10, , , , ,9 MACHINERY Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, n.e.c Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery and equipment Conveyors, hoists, and industrial cranes.. Metalworking machinery and equipment Machine tools, metal cutting types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures.... Machine tool accessories Miscellaneous metalworking machinery... Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery. Pumps; air and gas compressors Ball and roller bearings Mechanical power transmission goods... Office, computing, and accounting machines. Computing machines and cash registers... Service industry machines Refrigeration, except home refrigerators.. Miscellaneous machinery ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES... Electric distribution equipment Electric measuring instruments Power and distribution transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus H H , 10, 3, 10, 19, 9, 2, 3, 31 7, 8 8 il tt

25 «ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYMENT Table B3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries Continued sic Code Industry Number (in thousands) July Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) April Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) July Percent of total employment Durable Goods Continued , ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIESContinued Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers.... Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment... Electronic components and accessories Electron tubes Electronic components, n.e.c Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies Electrical equipment for engines ( , ? , , , TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories.., Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment.... Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS... Engineering and scientific instruments... Mechanical measuring and control devices Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods.. Surgical, medical, and dental equipment.. Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches and clocks e3 40 iil 44. o ?.i o S ,8,9 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware... Toys, amusement, and sporting goods.. Toys, games, dolls, and play vehicles. Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c.... Pens, pencils, office and art materials.., Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions.., Other manufacturing industries Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products.. Meat packing...,,,,.,.. Sausages and other prepared meats. Poultry dressing and packing Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts.... Fluid milk ,9, ,9 80, O654

26 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYMENT 2U Table B3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries Continued SIC Code Industry July Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) April Percent cf total employment July Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Nondurable Goods Continued ,6 2032, FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Continued Canned and preserved food, except meats.... Canned, cured, and frozen sea foods Canned food, except sea foods Frozen food, except sea foods Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products Bread, cake, and perishable products Biscuit, crackers, and pretzels Sugar Confectionery and related products Candy and other confectionery products.... Beverages Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Miscellaneous food and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Cotton broad woven fabrics Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics Weaving and finishing broad woolens Narrow fabrics and smallwares Knitting Fullfashioned hosiery Seamless hosiery Knit outerwear Knit underwear. Finishing textiles, except wool and knit Floor covering Yarn and thread Miscellaneous textile goods ? ^ , ,2 APPAREL AND RELATED PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Work clothing Women's, misses', and juniors' outerwear.... Women's blouses, waists, and shirts Women's, misses', and juniors' dresses.... Women's suits, skirts, and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, n,e.c Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments..., Hats, caps, and millinery Girls' and children's outerwear Children's dresses, blouses, and shirts.... Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel. Miscellaneous fabricated textile products... Housefurnishings, 1, , , C ,2, , PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp Paperboard Converted paper and paperboard products... Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes

27 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYMENT Table B3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries Continued sic Code Industry Number (in housands) July Percent of total employment Number (in thousands April Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) July 1954 Percent of total employment Nondurable Goods Continued ,6,7,9 PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Newspaper publishing and printing, Periodical publishing and printing Books, Commercial printing Commercial printing, except lithographic..., Commercial printing, lithographic Bookbinding and related industries, Other publishing and printing industries, , 77, 49, ,5 73.,3 31,,3 31.,5 76.,1 49.,7.,4 23,,6 38., , ,2 286,9 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals, Plastics and synthetics, except glass, Plastics and synthetics, except fibers, Synthetic fibers, Drugs, Pharmaceutical preparations, Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and detergents, Toilet preparations, Paints, varnishes, and allied products, Agricultural chemicals, Fertilizers, complete and mixing only, Other chemical products, c ol ,9 28.,7 31., O ,9 PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES.. Petroleum refining, Other petroleum and coal products ,3,6 307 RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS.. Tires and inner tubes, Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastic products, ,3,57,9 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing, Footwear, except rubber, Other leather products TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity and rural bus lines MOTOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE ,2 AIR TRANSPORTATION Air transportation, common carriers, PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION Telephone communication, Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combined utility systems Water, steam, and sanitary systems , 37, 25, 24,

28 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYMENT 26 Table B3: Women employees on payrolls of selected nonagricultural industries Continued SIC Code Industry Number (in thousands) July Percent of total employment April Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment Number (in thousands) Percent of total employment ,55,59 551,2 553, , ,3 806 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles and automotive equipment.. Drugs, chemicals, and allied products... Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating goods... Machinery, equipment, and supplies RETAIL TRADE GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES Department stores. Limited price variety stores. FOOD STORES Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores... APPAREL AND ACCESSORIES STORES Men's and boys' apparel stores Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores.,.. FURNITURE AND APPLIANCE STORES EATING AND DRINKING PLACES OTHER RETAIL TRADE Motor vehicle dealers Other vehicle and accessory dealers... Drug stores FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE Banking Credit agencies other than banks Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions. Security dealers and exchanges.. Insurance carriers Life insurance Accident and health insurance. Fire, marine, and casualty insurance Insurance agents, brokers, and services.... Real estate. Operative builders Other finance, insurance, and real estate... SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels Personal services: Laundries, cleaning and dyeing plants.... Miscellaneous business services: Advertising Motion pictures Motion picture filming and distributing.... Motion picture theatres and services Medical services: Hospitals 4, ,988 1, , , , ,017 1, , , , ,809 1, , , , , 81 1,

29 2 7 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT Table B4: Indexes of employment on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 1919 to date, monthly data seasonally adjusted =100 Year and month Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale Fins ince, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous State and local U U5 191* ^ i : October.. November. December. I965' January.. February. March... April... May June July August... September October O , H O O ^ I ^ ! O * , I 87.I no o.l 4 4i.i 1* Vf ^ IO O NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning This inclusion has resulted in an increase of 2,000 (0 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 1959 benchmark month. Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

30 ESTABLISHMENT DATA 28 SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table B5: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted (In thousands) Industry July June y Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. 196k Nov. TOTAL 61,019 60,796 60,685 60,602 60,382 60,110 59,9 59,992 59,676 59,33^ 59,206 58,878 58,382 MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION. 3,207 3,201 3,214 3,178 3,0 3,207 3,186 3,304 3,281 3,235 3,244 3,162 3,106 MANUFACTURING 18,215 18,177 18,158 18,156 18,045 17,915 17,896 17,849 17,772 17,705 17,6 17,505 17,171 DURABLE GOODS 10,585 10,564 10,539 10,524 10,426 10,320 10,311 10,259 10,210 10,150 10,088 9,992 9,702 Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products.. Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products. Miscellaneous manufacturing ,273 1,292 1,765 1,710 1, ,302 1,286 1,751 1,695 1, ,3 1,283 1,739 1,681 1, ,326 1,286 1,739 1,681 1, ,304 1,276 1,716 1,667 1, ,272 1,266 1,699 1,651 1, i8 24i ,280 1,265 1,691 1,640 1, ,278 1,237 1,687 1,626 1, ,278 1,260 1,674 1,610 1, ,277 1,242 1,672 1,597 1, l ,271 1,232 1,665 1,588 1, i ,269 1,2 1,643 1,572 1, li ,253 1,179 1,644 1,560 1, o8 NONDURABLE GOODS 7,630 7,6 7,619 7,632 7,619 7,595 7,585 7,590 7,562 7,555 7,534 7,5 7,469 Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and related products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products... Petroleum and related products.. Rubber and plastic products... Leather and leather products... 1, , * , , , , , , , , , ,361 6kl , , , , , , l,74i 66 9l4 1, , , , , , , TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 4,105 4,110 4,092 4,074 4,068 4,057 4,044 4,042 3,997 3,939 4,020 3,997 3,996 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE,792,731,706,710,673,636,563,6,532,447,362,311,278 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE 3,369 9,423 3,362 9,369 3,356 9,350 3,362 9,348 3,352 9,321 3,329 9,307 3,318 9,245 3,303 9,319 3,288 9,244 3,270 9,177 3,259 9,103 3,246 9,065 3,233 9,045 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 3,031 3,028 3,024 3,018 3,0 3,005 2,997 2,997 2,987 2,979 2,975 2,970 2,964 SERVICE AND MISCELLANEOUS.. 8,973 8,927 8,901 8,886 8,814 8,797 8,763 8,754 8,730 8,654 8,634 8,633 GOVERNMENT 10,070 10,002 9,959 9,942 9,919 9,864 9,835 9,791 9,742 9,707 9,692 9,660 9,596 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 2,381 7,689 2,377 7,625 2,379 7,580 2,374 7,568 2,352 7,567 2,345 7,519 2,344 7,491 2,340 7,451 2,335 7,407 2,342 7,365 2,352 7,340 2,354 7,306 2,331 7,265 NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

31 2 9 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT Table B6: Production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted Major industry group (In thousands) July June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. Nov. MANUFACTURING,5^5,530,523,518,428,321,5L8,298,7,168,099,993,661 DURABLE 7,837 7,825 7,814 7,731 7,644 7,649 7,615 7,570 7,518 7,467 7,376 7,089 Ordnance and accessories 114 no Lumber and wood products, except furniture... Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment and supplies. Transportation equipment Instruments and related products ,035 1,002 1,24; 1,174 1, , ,230 1,159 1, , ,215 1,151 1, , ,217 1,155 1, , ,200 1,145 1, , ,186 1,0 1,251 24o , ,180 1,5 1, , ,179 1,1 1,237 24l , ,168 1,099 1, , ,166 1,086 1, , ,165 1,078 1, , ,145 1,065 1, , ,146 1, Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS 5,7OC 5,693 5,696 5,704 5,697 5,677 5,669 5,683 5,657 5,650 5,632 5,617 5,572 Food and kindred products 1,118 1,117 1,2 1,9 1,1 1,1 1,4 1,147 1,144 1,150 1,154 1,151 1,2 Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and related products 831 1, , , , , , , , , , , ,173 Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Petroleum refining and related industries Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products... Leather and leather products U L NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

32 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 30 TabU 67: Employe*! on nonagricultural payroll* (In ALABAMA Birmingham Huntsville Mobile State and urea 878.O TOTAL Mining Contract construction hianufacturinj ALASKA ARIZONA 2 Phoenix 2 Tucson ARKANSAS Fayetteville Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock. Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA AnaheimSanta AnaGarden Grove Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach OxnardVentura Sacramento San BernardinoRiversideOntario San Diego San FranciscoOakland. San Jose Santa Barbara Stockton VallejoNapa 5,91* , , , , , , O 10 2, , O 20 1, , O , o.l COLORADO Denver CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven Stamford Waterbury 1, , (3) (3) (3) (3) 3) 3) 3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3 (3 (3 (3) (3) (3) (3) DELAWARE Wilmington i4.o DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington SMSA O O FLORIDA 42 Fort LauderdaleHollywood 43 Jacksonville 44 Mi am 45 Orlando 46 TampaSt. Petersburg 1, , , (l) (l) GEORGIA 48 Atlanta. See footnotes at end of table. 1, , , :D (1 NOTE: Data for tjie current month are preliminary IO

33 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division thousands) Tra J * U * msportation and public utilities o Wholesale and retail trade I6 U , I l ^ , I+O I " , * Finance, insurance, and real estate l4l Service O and miscellaneous I l4l.o 6 lq6k Government , l4o I 1 36.O 67.I , l O , o o i V O655

34 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 32 Tool* B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In Scare and area GEORGIA (continued) Savannah 56 TOTAL 5 5 Mining Contract construction 1 Manufacturing HAWAII 3 Honolulu ! 1) 1) IDAHO 5 Boise ILLINOIS 3,85 7 Chicago 2,65 8 DavenportRock IslandMoline.. 9 Peoria Rock ford 9 3,82 2, ,748 2, (3) fa) (3) (3) (3) (3) 2 &? 3) (3) , , , INDIANA Evansville. Fort Wayne. 14 GaryHammondEast Chicago Indianapolis. 16 South Bend, 17 Terre Haute. 1, , , V li 9 i! ii o IOWA. 19 Cedar Rapids. 20 Des Moines a) a) KANSAS 2 Topeka2 23 Wichita I KENTUCKY 25 Louisville. (5) (5) 31 a) 30 (5) (5) LOUISIANA. 27 Baton Rouge. 28 New Orleans. 29 Shreveport. 30 MAINE. 31 LewistonAuburn. 32 Portland a) a) a) MARYLAND Baltimore. 1, O 1, O 1, MASSACHUSETTS Boston. 37 Brockton. 38 Fall River.. 39 New Bedford 40 SpringfieldChicopeeHolyoke 41 Worcester. 2,04 1, ,04 1, ,987 1, (l 1 1 a) a) a) a) a) a) Si ii 1) I See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

35 33 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division Continued thousands) Transportation and public utilities * (5) I ! * holesale and retail trade (5) i5.i l4l O r ^ o Finance, insurance, and real estate I (5) * o Service o.O 1^ (5) ^ and miscellaneous * Government l.O (5) i o.l i :S

36 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 34 Table B7: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls (In TOTAL Mining Contract construction Manufacturing State and area MICHIGAN Ann Arbor Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Kalamazoo Lansing. MuskegonMuskegon Heights.... Saginaw MINNESOTA DuluthSuperior MinneapolisSt. Paul MISSISSIPPI Jackson 2, , , ,54 8 1, , O ,53 8 1, , Si 8 &) ft) I O , O *3 1, O MISSOURI Kansas City St Louis 1, , , MONTANA 2 Billings 2 Great Falls O NEBRASKA Omaha (3) (3) (3) ?4 NEVADA Reno (6) (6) (6) NEW HAMPSHIRE 2 Manchester ^ (I) ^ NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City 7 Newark 7 PatersonCliftonPassaic Perth Amboy 7 Trenton 2, , , O o ^4 35 NEW MEXICO... Albuquerque l 42 4^ ks NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira fc ' Nassau and Suffolk Counties 9. ; New YorkNortheastern New Jersey New York SMSA 7 New York City 9 Rochester Syracuse. UticaRome.. Westchester County 9 See footnotes at end of table. 6, ,08 4,487 3, , ,04 4,45 3, , ,999 4,44 3, &) uy Hi 1) 1) (If a) a) NOTE: Data for tne current month are preliminary , ,72 1, , ,709 1, , ,716 1,

37 35 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and selected areas, by industry division Continued thousands) Tra insportation and xiblic utilities l.O Wholesale and retail trade o , , , , , , Finance, insurance, and real estate o 7 1* I ' Service , , l and mi.sccll * ,1UO.O 4o , l aneous , , Government U O Q * o * o 4l

38 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT TobU B7t Employ..* on nonogriculturol payrolls (In State and area NORTH CAROLINA... Charlotte GreensboroHigh Point. WinstonSalem,41 1,397 1,371 2.b Contract construction Manufacturing G NORTH DAKOTA. FargoMoorhead OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus. Dayton Toledo YoungstownWarren. 3, , , u , , , OKLAHOMA... Oklahoma City. Tulsa S OREGON.. Eugene... Portland ' PENNSYLVANIA AllentownBethlehemEaston... Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton WilkesBarre Hazleton York 3, , , , , G , IOC (I) C 9 (I) 40 (I) (i) , b , ,1 v ^7 5 1, , RHODE ISLAND ProvidencePawtucketWarwick G SOUTH CAROLINA. Charleston Columbia Greenville C SOUTH DAKOTA 2 Sioux Falls, TENNESSEE.. Chattanooga.. Knozville... Memphis Nashville... 1, , , , TEXAS Austin BeaumontPort Arthur. Corpus Christi 2,9,1 2,90 2, b See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

39 37 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and soucted areas, by industry division Continued thousands) Transportation and public utilities S IS Wholesale and retail trade , b Finance, insurance, and real estate , l.a Service and miscellaneous , Government S : :

40 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT 38 TabU B7: Employes on nonagricultural payrolls (In State and area TEXAS (continued) Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio Sepc Mining AUg Contract construction Manufacturing UTAH Salt Lake City VERMONT 2 Burlington 8 Springfield ^ , i VIRGINIA 4 Newport NewsHampton NorfolkPortsmouth... Richmond Roanoke 1, G ,208 t) o 1, , * WASHINGTON SeattleEverett Spokane Tacoma (i) Is WEST VIRGINIA Charleston HuntingtonAshland.. Wheeling Ki9.b a J WISCONSIN Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine 1, , , (I) (I) U) S WYOMING Casper Cheyenne G Combined vith service. 2 Revised series; not strictly comparable vith previously published data. 3 Corabined with construction. 4 Feuerai employment in Maryland and Virginia sectors of the Washington Standard Metropolitan Area is included in data for the District of Columbia. 5 Net available. ^Combined with manufacturing. 7 Are a. included in Nev YorkNortheast am Nev Jersey Standard Consolidated Area.!jl Totai includes data for industry divisions not sho^xn separately. s Subarea of Nsv York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. MOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover. itatistical

41 39 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT for States and s«uct«d areai, by industry divisioncontinued thousands) Transportation and public utilities Sept , H 7 2,0 l.*9 10.o Wholesale and retai G trade d.O 8 2 Finance, insurance, and real estate JC Service and miscellaneous , , Government , O656

42 M ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS Table Cl: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls 1919 to date Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Year and month Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings $21* $0, $ $ O ' $0, I $0, O V ^ I I I7 7 I i , : October.. November. December. : January.. February. March... April... ^y June July August.. September October o l l 40 4l 41 4i.o 4i.o 4i.o i.l , l O o.o 4o.i I NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959 Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. inclusion has not significantly affected the hours and earnings series.

43 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS 42 Table C2: Grots hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , COAL MINING Bituminous , CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS Crude petroleum and natural gas fields Oil and gas field services QUARRYING AND NONMETALLIC MINING II CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS.. 8.OI 86 3* HEAVY CONSTRUCTION Highway and street construction.... Other heavy construction, ^ ^ SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS ,24,25, ,2631 MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS $ M IH $ Durable Goods ,3,5,6,9 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms.. Sighting and fire control equipment.. Other ordnance and accessories H H , , , LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general. Millwork, plywood, and related products Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates... Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood house furniture, unupholstered. Wood house furniture, upholstered.. Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions; office and store fixtures.. Other furniture and fixtures STONE. CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS.. ' Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glassware, n.e.c. Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile... Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum and plaster products Other stone and mineral products Abrasive products ^ IO IH IO ^ ^ See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

44 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C2: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry sic Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours , MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COAL MINING Bituminous , CRUDE PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS Crude petroleum and natural gas fields Oil and gas field services QUARRYING AND NONMETALLIC MINING. CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS.. HEAVY CONSTRUCTION Highway and street construction.... Other heavy construction. SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS ,24,25, ,2631 MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS Durable Goods ,3,5,6,9 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms.. Sighting and fire control equipment.. Other ordnance and accessories o.o , , , LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general. Millwork, plywood, and related products Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates... Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood house furniture, unupholstered. Wood house furniture, upholstered.. Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions; office and store fixtures.. Other furniture and fixtures STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS. Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glassware, n.e.c. Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile... Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum and plaster products Other stone and mineral products Abrasive products l~ O :7 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

45 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C2: Grots hours and ornings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Durable Goods Continued , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces, steel and rolling mills.. Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous smelting and refining Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding. Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding.. Aluminum rolling, drawing, and extruding Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal industries... Iron and steel forgings $09 (*> $ $ $ $ $9 (*) $ $ $ $ ,3, , ,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware. Cutlery and hand tools, including saws. Hardware, n.e.c Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures.. Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products... Fabricated structural steel Metal doors, sash, frames, and trim... Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Coating, engraving, and allied services.. Miscellaneous fabricated wire products... Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.. Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings , , , MACHINERY Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, n.e.c Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery.... Oil field machinery and equipment Conveyors, hoists, and industrial cranes Metalworkingmachinery and equipment... Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures... Machine tool accessories Miscellaneous metalworking machinery. Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps; air and gas compressors Ball and roller bearings Mechanical power transmission goods.. Office, computing, and accounting machines Computing machines and cash registers. Service industry machines Refrigeration, except home refrigerators. Miscellaneous machinery ! See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for die 2 most recent mondis are preliminary.

46 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C2: Grots hours and arnings off production workers, by industrycontinued SIC Code Industry Average weekly hours Average overtime hours 1954 " Durable GoodsContinued , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products.. Blast furnaces, steel and rolling mills.. Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries..... Nonferrous smelting and refining Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding. Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding.. Aluminum rolling, drawing, and extruding Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating. Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal industries... Iron sod steel forcings S o U ,7 42^ , ,3, , ,8 FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans.. Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware. Cutlery and hand tools, including saws. Hardware n.e c Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures.. Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods. Heating equipment, except electric... Fabricated structural metal products... Fabricated structural steel... Metal doors, sash, frames, and trim... Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural and misc. metal work.... Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers Metal stampings Coating, engraving, and allied services.. Miscellaneous fabricated wire products... Miscellaneous fabricated metal products.. Valves pipe and pipe fittings l!s 4 41 ~ U ^ 4 41.* ^ , , , u i r u i u c D v Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, n.e.c Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Oil field machinery and equipment Conveyors, hoists, and industrial cranes Metalworking machinery and equipment... Machine tools, metal cutting types... Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures... Machine tool accessories Miscellaneous metalworking machinery. Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery. General industrial machinery Pumps; air and gas compressors Ball and roller bearings Mechanical power transmission goods.. Office, computing, and accounting machines Computing machines and cash registers.. Service industry machines Refrigeration, except home refrigerators. Miscellaneous machinery , * See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

47 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS 46 Table C2: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industrycontinued sic Code Industry J65 Average weekly earnings 196V * Average hourly earnings Durable GoodsContinued , , , ,9 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric distribution equipment Electric measuring instruments Power and distribution transformers... Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers.. Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment.. Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Electronic components, n.e.c.. Misc. electrical equipment and supplies.. Electrical equipment for engines TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories... Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts.... Other aircraft parts and equipment.... Ship and boat building and repairing... Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing. Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment $ l4l.o $ $ $ IIO IOO $ $ ~ $ $ $ $ o o l , INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering and scientific instruments.. Mechanical measuring and control devices Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Surgical, medical, and dental equipment.. Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches and clocks (*) (*) ,8,9 MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware.... Toys, amusement, and sporting goods... Toys, games, dolls, and play vehicles.. Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c Pens, pencils, office andart materials... Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions... Other manufacturing industries 87.IO OI l o 80.0c I Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing Sausages and other prepared meats... Poultry dressing and packing l See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

48 47 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C2: Gross hours and earnings of production workers,' by industrycontinued SIC Code Industry SeplT. Average weekly hours hvetdige overtime r hours Durable GoodsContinued , , , , , ,8,9 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric distribution equipment Electric measuring instruments Power and distribution transformers... Switchgear and switchboard apparatus.. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers.. Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment.. Electric lamps L.i&htin& fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus... Electronic components and accessories.. Electron tubes Electronic components, n.e.c Misc. electrical equipment and supplies.. Electrical equipment for engines TD AklCDADT A TIAkl C Al II DliETfcd T Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies. Motor vehicle parts and accessories... Aircraft md parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts... Other aircraft parts and equipment... Ship and boat building and repairing... Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing. Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS. Engineering and scientific instruments.. Mechanical measuring and control devices Mechanical measuring devices Optical and ophthalmic goods Surgical, medical, and dental equipment.. Photographic equipment and supplies... Watches and clocks MISC. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware.... Toys, amusement, and sporting goods... Toys, games, dolls, and play vehicles.. Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c Pens, pencils, office and art materials... Costume jewelry, buttons, and notions... Other manufacturing industries 4l 4l 5 * 4l.l 4l.o ^4 4i o (*) o l l.o 40 4l l 4l l l.O i 4 4l 42* o.l A 39 4o 39 4o 4i 4 4 4i 4l 4i.o 4o o.o 40 4o 4o 4l 4i i o 39 4l 4o T 5 41^3 4o 4 4o l l.O l 4 4l o 4o 39 4o 4o.l i.o o 4o 4T I o 4o i 4o 4o 4o 2 4l' 4o.l 4 4o 4o.l 4i o.O 39 4o.i 4o 4i l 4l 4l 40 4l 4l. 5 39* 40 4o.o 4o.i 4o.l 39 4l l l.o o l.l l.l i.o ^ *0 2)8 Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing Sausages and other prepared meats... Poultry dressing and packing 4l 1 4l! l 4l 39^6 4l *8 4l 4l See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

49 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS 48 Table C2: Grotf hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Nondurable Goods Continued ,6 2032, FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTSContinued Dairy products $108 Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk Canned and preserved food, except meats. Canned, cured and frozen sea foods... Canned food, except sea foods Frozen food, except sea foods Grain mill products 115 Flour and other grain mill products. Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products 102 Bread, cake, and perishable products... Biscuit, crackers, and pretzels. Sugar Confectionery and related products 84, Candy and other confectionery products. Beverages 111 Malt liquors Bottled and canned soft drinks Miscellaneous food and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS Cigarettes Cigars 773^ $ O 96.IO 64 $ IH1 83.OI O A9 $ ^6 97.^ $ IO O6 $ $ $ $ I $ TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Cotton broad woven fabrics Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics... Weaving and finishing broad woolens... Narrow fabrics and smallwares Knitting Fullfashioned hosiery Seamless hosiery Knit outerwear Knit underwear Finishing textiles, except wool and knit.. Floor covering Yarn and thread Miscellaneous textile goods ^ O ^ O I I I I I I I I3 I , ,2 APPAREL AND RELATED PRODUCTS... Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts andnightwear.. Men's and boys' separate trousers... Work clothing Women's, misses', and juniors' outerwear. Women's blouses, waists, and shirts.., Women's, misses', and juniors' dresses Women's suits, skirts, and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, n.e.c.. Women's and children's undergarments... Women's and children's underwear.... Corsets and allied garments Hats, caps, and millinery Girls' and children's outerwear Children's dresses, blouses, and shirts. Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel... Miscellaneous fabricated textile products. Housefurnishings T M ^ ^ OO I I I ,2, , PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp Paperboard Converted paper and paperboard products. Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes... Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Hl ~5O See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

50 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Tobl«C2: Gross hours and ornings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued SIC Code Industry Oct, Average weekly hours Average overtime hours pet. Nondurable GoodsContinued ,6 2032, FOOD AMD KINDRED PRODUCTSCootiaued Dairy products Ice cream and frozen desserts Fluid milk Canned and preserved food, except meats. Canned, cured and frozen sea foods... Canned food, except sea foods Frozen food, except sea foods Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products... Prepared feeds for animals and fowls.. Bakery products Bread, cake, and perishable products... Biscuit, crackers, and pretzels Sugar Confectionery and related products Candy and other confectionery products. Beverages* Male liquors.... Bottled and canned soft drinks Miscellaneous food and kindred products. TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS Cigarettes Cigars l ! ] «2 36*6 I ill ^7 U U6 3~7 7 U TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Cotton broad woven fabrics Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics... Weaving and finishing broad woolens... Narrow fabrics and smallwares Knittinc Pullfashioned hosiery Seamless hosiery Knit outerwear Knit underwear.. Finishing textiles, except wool and knit.. Floor coverins Yarn and thread.... Miscellaneous textile coods ? , , ,2, , APPAREL AND RELATED PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and night wear.. Men's and boys' separate trousers... Work clothing Women's blouses, waists, and shirts... Women's, misses', and juniors' dresses Women's suits, skirts, and coats Women's and misses'outerwear, n.e.c.. Women's and children's undergarments... Women's and children's underwear.... Corsets and allied {garments Hats caps and millinery Girls' and children's outerwear Children's dresses, blouses, and shirts. Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel... Miscellaneous fabricated textile products. Housefumishincs PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp Paperboard Converted paper and paperboard products. Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes... Corrugated and solid fiber boxes io I ^ ,3 6,3 7 3^6 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

51 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS 50 Table C2: Gross hours and arnings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings 1Q6S Average hourly earnings Nondurable GoodsContinued ,6,7,9 PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Newspaper publishing and printing.... Periodical publishing and printing... Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, except litho... Commercial printing, lithographic... Bookbinding and related industries... Other publishing and printing industries. $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , ,2 286,9 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Plastics and synthetics, except glass.. Plastics and synthetics, except fibers. Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and detergents Toilet preparations Paints, varnishes, and allied products.. Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete and mixing only. Other chemical prodifcts J ,9 PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products ,3,6 307 RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastic products ,3,57,9 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads 2 (*) (*) 4 8 (*) (*) LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation... Intercity and rural bus lines MOTOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE / PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees ^.. Line construction employees*... Telegraph communication' Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems... Gas companies and systems Combined utility systems Water, steam, and sanitary systems See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

52 51 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C2: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, 1 by industry Continued sic Code Industry " Average weekly hours SepL. Average overtime hours " Nondurable GoodsContinued ,6,7,9 PRINTING. PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES Newspaper publishing and printing.... Periodical publishing and printing.... Books Commercial printing Commercial printing, except litho.... Commercial printing, lithographic... Bookbinding and related industries... Other publishing and printing industries C , ,2 286,9 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Plastics and synthetics, except glass. Plastics and synthetics, except fibers Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods... Soap and detergents Toilet preparations Paints, varnishes, and allied products. Agricultural chemicals Fertilizers, complete andmixingonly Other chemical products ,9 PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products ,3,6 307 RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTIC PRODUCTS Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastic products C ,3,57,9 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Other leather products TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads 2 (*) (*) LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT: Local and suburban transportation... Intercity and rural bus lines MOTOR FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees 3... Line construction employees 4 Telegraph communication 5 Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric companies and systems Gas companies and systems Combined utility systems Water, steam, and sanitary systems See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

53 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Tabl«C2: Grots hours and earnings of production workers, by industrycontinued sic Code Industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 6 $86 $81 $80. $803 $8 $6 $0 $ WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Drugs, chemicals, and allied products Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products... Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating goods. Machinery, equipment, and supplies ,55,59 551,2 553,9 591 RETAIL TRADE 6 General merchandise stores. Department stores Limited price variety stores.... Food stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores.. Apparel and accessories stores... Men's and boys' apparel stores Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and appliance stores Other retail trade Motor vehicle dealers Other vehicle and accessory dealers Drug stores FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Banking Security dealers and exchanges?... Insurance carriers7 Life insurance7 Accident and health insurance7... Fire, marine, and casualty insurance SERVICES AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels 8.., Personal Services: Laundries, cleaning and dyeing plants. Motion pictures: Motion picture filming and distributing See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

54 53 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C2: Gross hours and earnings of production workers, by industry Continued sic Code Industry Average weekly hours 196S Average overtime hoi WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Drugs, chemicals, and allied products... Dry goods and apparel Groceries and related products Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating goods Machinery, equipment, and supplies... 1* to to ,55,59 551,2 553,9 591 RETAIL TRADE 6 General merchandise stores Department stores Limited price variety stores Food stores Grocery, meat, and vegetable stores.. Apparel and accessories stores Men's and boys' apparel stores Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores Furniture and appliance stores Other retail trade Motor vehicle dealers Other vehicle and accessory dealers. Drug stores ^ 33^ * o.o ^ ^ 3 3^ FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Banking Security dealers and exchanges 7 Insurance carriers7, Life insurance 7 Accident and health insurance 7.. Fire, marine, and casualty insurance SERVICES AND MISCELLANEOUS: Hotels and lodging places: Hotels, tourist courts, and motels 8... Personal Services: Laundries, cleaning and dyeing plai Motion pictures: Motion picture filming and distributing O 38 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, to construe nonsupervisory workers. 2 Beginning January, data relate to railroads with operating revenues of $5,000,000 or more. orkers; and for all other industries, to ^Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and paystation attendants. In 1963, such employees made up 32 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. 4 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craftsmen; installation and exchange repair craftsmen; line, cable, and conduit craftsmen; and laborers. In 1963, such employees made up 31 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. 5 Data relate to nonsupervisory employees except messengers. 6 Data exclude eating and drinking places. 7 Data exclude earnings of nonoffice salesmen. Money payments only; additional value of board, room, uniforms, and tips, not included. *Not available. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

55 ESTABLISHMENT DATA 54 HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C3: Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry MANUFACTURING. Major industry group Average hourly earnings excluding overtime' 1955 $2 $2 $2.^9 $3 $6 DURABLE GOODS Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products, except furniture. Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.... NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and related products Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries. Chemicals and allied products Petroleum refining and related industries.. Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Iseather and leather products Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf. 2 N 9 8 (2) t available as average overtime rates are significantly above time and onehalf. Inclusion of data for the group in the nondurable goods total has little effect (2) I (2) (2) (2) 5 * 7 0 NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary. Table C4: Gross and spendable average weekly earnings in selected industries, in current and dollars Industry Gross average weekly earnings Worker with no dependents Spendable average weekly earnings Worker with three dependents MINING: Current dollars dollars $3 1 $5 1 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION: Current dollars dollars MANUFACTURING: Current dollars dollars WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: 2 Current dollars dollars 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, to construction workers; for wholesale and retail trade, to nonsupervisory workers. *Data exclude eating and drinking places. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

56 55 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C5: Indexes off aggregate weekly manhours and payrolls in industrial and construction activities =100 Industry TOTAL MINING ek CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION 11 MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products, except furniture Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products IO8 11 Machinery Electrical equipment and supplies 9 II8 11 Transportation equipment Instruments and related products H II Miscellaneous manufacturing industries NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and related products Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries.... Chemicals and allied products Petroleum refining and related industries... Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products... Leather and leather products U O Payrolls MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, data relate to construction workers. 0 NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

57 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS TabU C6: Average weekly hours of production workers on payrolls of selected industries ' seasonally adjusted Industry July June y Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. Nov. MINING CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING Overtime hours 4i.o 40 4o 3.k 4o 4i.o 4l.l o 4o DURABLE Overtime hours Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products, except furniture Furniture and fixtures, Stone, clay, and glass products, Primary metal industries, Fabricated metal products Machinery, Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products, Miscellaneous manufacturing industries l i o 4l o 4 4l o l 4 4o 43.O l.l i.o 40 4i o l.O l o o o NONDURABLE GOODS Overtime hours o.o o.O 39 4o Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures o 37 4o 37 4o 3 4i.o i.o 38 4i.o 39 Textile mill products Apparel and related products Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Petroleum refining and related industries i l Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Leather and leather products l l.l l 38 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE o 40 4o o 40 RETAIL TRADE 'For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, to construction workers; and for wholesale and retail trade, to nonsupervisory workers. 2Data exclude eating and drinking places. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

58 57 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Table C7: Indexes of aggregate weekly manhours in industrial and construction activities' seasonally adjusted In da scry July TOTAL IO June May Apr. Mar. Feb. Jan. Dec. Nov. MINING 8 8O I CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION IO6 MANUFACTURING in IO IO DURABLE GOODS n4.i Ordnance and accessories I 1 8 Lumber and wood products, except furniture... 9^ Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries H IO8 Fabricated metal products H H Machinery Electrical equipment and supplies H Transportation equipment IO Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries IO NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and related products n H Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries Chemicals and allied products Petroleum refining and related industries Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Leather and leather products ] For mining and manufacturing, data refer to production and related workers; for contract construction, data relate to construction workers. NOTE: Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary.

59 ESTABLISHMENT DATA 58 STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C8: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas State and area Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Au ALABAMA Birminghar Mobile.. $ $ $ $6 4 1 $6 4 9 $0 0 4 ALASKA ARIZONA... Phoenix... Tucson IIO ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock. Pine Bluff I5 4 4 I3 I3 I CALIFORNIA AnaheimSanta AnaGarden Grove... Bakersfield Fresno, Los AngelesLong Beach OxnardVentura Sacramento San BernardinoRiversideOntario... San Diego San FranciscoOakland San Jose Santa Barbara Stockton VallejoNapa U l H COLORADO Denver CONNECTICUT. Bridgeport.... Hartford New Britain... New Haven... Stamford Waterbury Hl :S DELAWARE Wilmington DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMSA FLORIDA Jacksonville Miami TampaSt. Petersburg GEORGIA Atlanta Savannah IOO ILLINOIS... Ch.v.ago DavenportRock IslandMoline See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary

60 59 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C8: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued State and area Average weekly earnings e weekly hours Sept Average hourly earnings I 1S*>5 i 196 ILLINOIS (continued) Peoria Rockford $ $ $86 H $8 4 $4 2 $4 5 INDIANA... Indianapolis IOWA Cedar Rapids. Des Moines OI IIO KANSAS Topeka. Wichita ^ KENTUCKY Louisville IOI LOUISIANA.. Baton Rouge New Orleans. Shreveport.., ^ ^ MAINE LewistonAuburn Portland OI MARYLAND. Baltimore MASSACHUSETTS Boston. Brockton 2 Fall River New Bedford SpringfieldChicopeeHolyoke Worcester MICHIGAN Detroit 3 Flint y ' Grand Rapids Lansing 'MuskegonMuskegon Heights. Saginaw H o.i 46 4 o MINNESOTA DuluthSuperior.... MinneapolisSt. Paul MISSISSIPPI Jackson I MISSOURI... Kansas City. St. Louis NEBRASKA 101 Omaha 111 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary ^

61 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS 60 Table C8: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued NEVADA State and area Average weekly earnings $06 $07 $79 40 e weekly hours $0 $3 NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City 4 Newark 4 PatersonCliftonPassaic Perth Amboy 4 / Trenton * Hl ko.e NEW MEXICO Albuquerque, NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy, Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Nassau and Suffolk Counties 5.. New YorkNortheastern New Jersey New York SMSA 4 New York City 5 Rochester, Syracuse UticaRome, Westchester County 5 NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte GreensboroHigh Point, HO ko.q I3 1 I NORTH DAKOTA FargoMoorhead, OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton Toledo YoungstownWarren OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Tulsa OREGON Portland U n4.o Hl O l PENNSYLVANIA AllentownBethlehemEaston Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton WilkesBarre Hazleton, York RHODE ISLAND ProvidencePawtucketWarwick See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

62 61 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS Table C8: Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued SOUTH CAROLINA Charleston Greenville State and area Average weekly earnings $ * $ $ Average weekly hours Average hourly earnin AUg. $1 0 6 $0 7 7 $4 5 1 SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls TENNESSEE Chattanooga Knoxville.. Memphis... Nashville OO 985 IOO O TEXAS Austin BeaumontPort Arthur Corpus Christi Dallas El Paso Fort Worth Houston San Antonio ^ UTAH Salt Lake City IH VERMONT Burlington.... Springfield.... VIRGINIA NorfolkPortsmouth. Richmond Roanoke o.o WASHINGTON.. SeattleEverett. Spokane Tacoma H H H WEST VIRGINIA... Charleston HuntingtonAshland. Wheeling WISCONSIN Green Bay. Kenosha.. La Crosse. Madison.. Milwaukee. Racine... WYOMING Casper ^ Hl6 ^ A H Not available. 2 Initial inclusion in this publication. Data for not comparable with earlier years because of change in area definition. 4 Area included in New YorkNortheastern New Jersey Standard Consolidated Area. 5 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

63 63 TabU D1: Labor turnover rat«s in manufacturing 1955 to dat«establishment DATA LABOR TURNOVER Year (Per 100 employees) Jan. Feb.. I Mar. I Apr. May June I July I I I I Nov. I Dec. accessions Annual average New hires i960., k separations ^ Quits i Q l.l Layoffs i l« ' ^Beginning with January 1939, transfers between establishments of the same firm are included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items are not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, the rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary.

64 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER 6k Table D2: Labor turnover rates, by industry SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates Quits Layoffs MANUFACTURING 3.k 19,24,25, ,2631 DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS k k.k k + 1 Durable Goods ,3,5,6,9 ORDNANCE AND ACCESSORIES Ammunition, except for small arms Sighting and fire control equipment Other ordnance and accessories l.k l.k '.k l.l l.l ,2 249 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS, EXCEPT FURNITURE Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Mi 11 work, plywood, and related products Millwork Veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wooden boxes, shook, and crates Miscellaneous wood products 7.0 k k k 6 k.q k k k 6.k k k k k k k k.l k k.k.k l.k l.l l.l l" FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood house furniture, unupholstered Wood house furniture, upholstered Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture l.k 1* k 6 %h 6 k 6.k 6.k 6.Q k 6.k 5k 6.Q 5.k k.o k.q k k.k k.l k.k k.l,k.k.k STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glassware, n.e.c Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Brick and structural clay tile Pottery and related products Abrasive products k.o k l.k k.o k.o k.l 6 2.k 2.k I4. 2.k 2.k k k.l 35 k.o k k k k k 1 k.k 2.k 1 l.k k.o ' \k,k , , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces, steel and rolling mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries Nonferrous smelting and refining Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and extruding Copper rolling, drawing, and extruding Aluminum rolling, drawing, and extruding Nonferrous wire drawing, and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum castings Other nonferrous castings Miscellaneous primary metal industries Iron and steel forgings l.k k k k.q 6.Q k k.q k.o 35 k.k 3.k 9 3.k k.k 17 k.q k.q k.q 2.k k k 6 k k.l k.o 52 k.q k.q 2.k CD k.l, k l.k l.k 30.k.k 3^8 See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

65 65 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER fable D2 : Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession races Separation rates Quits Layoffs Au, 1065 lq Durable Goods Continued ,3, , , , , , , , FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and general hardware Cutlery and hand tools, including saws Hardware, n.e.c Heating equipment and plumbing fixtures Sanitary ware and plumbers' brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural steel Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Architectural and miscellaneous metal work.. Screw machine products, bolts, etc Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and washers.... Metal stampings Miscellaneous fabricated wire products Miscellaneous fabricated metal products Valves, pipe, and pipe fittings MACHINERY Engines and turbines Steam engines and turbines Internal combustion engines, n.e.c Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction and mining machinery Oil field machinery, and equipment Conveyors, hoists, and industrial cranes Metalworking machinery and equipment Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tool accessories Miscellaneous metalworking machinery Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps; air and gas compressors Ball and roller bearings Mechanical power transmission goods Office, computing, and accounting machines.... Computing machines and cash registers Service industry machines Refrigeration, except home refrigerators ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES Electric distribution equipment Electric measuring instruments Power and distribution transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Lighting fixtures Wiring devices Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electron tubes Electronic components, n.e.c Miscellaneous electrical equipment and supplies. Electrical equipment for engines * k k 3.* * Q ]4 1 1.*4 9.'4 1 '.k 1 l.l '.k 1 1 ' (2) l.l See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

66 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER 66 Table D2: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates New hires g 1065 Separation rates Quits Layoffs Durable GoodsContinued , , , TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles Passenger car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Other aircraft parts and equipment Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Railroad equipment Other transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering and scientific instruments Mechanical measuring and control devices Mechanical measuring devices Automatic temperature controls Optical and ophthalmic goods Surgical, medical, and dental equipment Photographic equipment and supplies Watches and clocks 8 i * * * 9 l) 1) 1) 1) * 7 7 ( k 8 k.i k.i k (l) k.k (l) l) il ' 1 ' l ,8,9 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Toys, amusement, and sporting goods Toys, games, dolls, and play vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c Pens, pencils, office and art materials Costume, jewelry, buttons, and notions Other manufacturing industries k.i * 7 k 1 Ik.k k 7 k.q Nondurable Goods FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing Poultry dressing and packing Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds for animals and fowls Bakery products Bread, cake, and perishable products... Biscuit, crackers, and pretzels Confectionery and related products Candy and other confectionery products Beverages Malt liquors * k.i 1 U 7 7 * k.o TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes Cigars See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary * 8 (2) (2) 9

67 67 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER Table D2: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates Quits Layoffs Nondurable Goods Continued TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Cotton broad woven fabrics Silk and synthetic broad woven fabrics Weaving and finishing broad woolens Narrow fabrics and small wares Knitting Fullfashioned hosiery Seamless hosiery Knit underwear Finishing textiles, except wool and knit Floor covering Yarn and thread Miscellaneous textile goods ' 0 1 ' APPAREL AND RELATED PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Work clothing Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Corsets and allied garments * ' ,2, , PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp Paperboard Converted paper and paperboard products Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding and setup paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes ,6 1 \k \k 1 1 PRINTING, PUBLISHING, AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES , ,9 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial chemicals Plastics and synthetics, except glass Plastics and synthetics, except fibers Synthetic fibers Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations. Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and detergents Toilet preparations Paints, varnishes, and allied products Other chemical products l.l l.l 1 l.l ,9 PETROLEUM REFINING AND RELATED INDUSTRIES Petroleum refining Other petroleum and coal products 1 \ ,3,6 307 RUBBER AND MISCELLANEOUS PLASTICS PRODUCTS Tires and inner tubes Other rubber products Miscellaneous plastics products l.l See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

68 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER 68 Table D2: Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued SIC Code Industry (Per 100 employees) Accession rates Separation rates Quits Layoffs Nondurable GoodsContinued LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber 59 k.k k k.l k.l 7 k.l k.l k.q k.o k l.k 1 l.k NONMANUFACTURING , METAL MINING. Iron ores... Copper Ores. COAL MINING Bituminous. COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication. Telegraph communication 3. lnot available. 2 Less than Data relate to all employees except messengers. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. 2.k l.k k k.o k 1.k.k Table D3: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, by sex and major industry July Major industry group Men (per 100 men) Separations accessions Quits Women (per 100 women) Separations accessions Quits MANUFACTURING. k.o k.o DURABLE GOODS k.l k k.l Ordnance and accessories Lumber and wood products, except furniture Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery Electrical equipment and supplies Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries... k.o ^ k 3k k 9 k k.k k * 10.0 ^ 7 l.k 2.k 17 1 NONDURABLE GOODS. k.k Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and related products Paper and allied products Printing, publishing, and allied industries. Chemicals and allied products Petroleum refining and related industries.. Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products. Leather and leather products 6 h 8 7 ^These figures are based on a slightly smaller sample than those tables Dl in and D2, inasmuch as some firms do not report separate data for women. k.k 8 2.k J2 2.k 1 1 ' 1 9 k.k 73 k.l k.l 7 59 k 77 1

69 69 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER Table D4: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 1955 to date seasonally adjusted (Per 100 employees) Year Jan. Apr. May June July accessions , , 1959 l i960., 1961., 1962., k., New hires I separations i Quits i i : l.l 1 15 Layoffs 1 2.C ii ^Beginning with January 1959, transfers between establishments of the same firm are included in total accessions and total separations, therefore rates for these items are not strictly comparable with prior data. Transfers comprise part of other accessions and other separations, the rates for which are not shown separately. NOTE: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning This inclusion has not significantly affected the labor turnover series. Data for the current month are preliminary : *

70 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER 70 Table D5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas (Per 100 employees) ALABAMA I Birmingham Mobile 1 State and area 32 Accession rates New hires July 70 July Separation rates 1 July Lay* 'offs July ALASKA ARIZONA Phoenix ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock... Pine Bluff CALIFORNIA 1 AnaheimSanta AnaGarden Grove ^ Los AngelesLong Beach... Sacramento ^ San BernardinoRiversideOntario 1 San Diego 1 San FranciscoOakland * San Jose 1 Stockton * COLORADO CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New Haven Stamford Waterbury '!8 DELAWARE x Wilmington * DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA: Washington SMSA FLORIDA Jacksonville Miami TampaSt. Petersburg GEORGIA Atlanta 2 HAWAII 3 IDAHO ILLINOIS: Chicago 53 INDIANA 1 Indianapolis ** 3A IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

71 7i ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER Table D5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued (Per 100 employees) KANSAS Topeka Wichita State and area 50 July New hires July July Quits July 1 1 Layoffs KENTUCKY Louisville LOUISIANA New Orleans 6 53 roco vo 3 coco CO CM 3 vn bofo rooo ON 00 COON CM A LfN CO A A 1 MAINE Portland MARYLAND Baltimore CM CM COOJ MASSACHUSETTS Boston Fall River New Bedford SpringfieldChicopeeHolyoke Worcester MICHIGAN Detroit Grand Rapids Kalamazoo?., Lansing MuskegonMuskegon Heights. Saginaw MINNESOTA DuluthSuperior MinneapolisSt. Paul * * MISSISSIPPI Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City St. Louis CM CM CM CO CO CO CM OJ OJ IfNVO O MONTANA 4 ' 6 NEBRASKA 37 k.l 9 NEVADA 7 NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY: Jersey City PatersonCliftonPassaic... Perth Amboy Trenton NEW MEXICO Albuquerque H CM co co OJ CM COOJ 9 1 NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy... Binghamton Buffalo Elmira co OJ 0 OJ 0 COOJ OJ OJ CM (8) See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary.

72 ESTABLISHMENT DATA? 2 STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER Table D5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued (Per 100 employees) State and area July New hires July July Quits July Layoffs July NEW YORK (continued) Nassau and Suffolk Counties ^ New York SMSA New York City 9 Rochester Syracuse UticaRome.... Westchester County NORTH CAROLINA Charlotte GreensboroHigh Point NORTH DAKOTA FargoMoorhead OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo YoungstownWarren OKLAHOMA 1 Oklahoma City Tulsa OREGON X Portland PENNSYLVANIA AllentownBethlehemEaston.. Altoona Erie Harrisburg Johnstown... Lancaster Philadelphia Pittsburgh Reading Scranton WilkesBarre Hazleton York RHODE ISLAND ProvidencePawtucketWarwick SOUTH CAROLINA n Charleston Greenville 59 5 SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls TENNESSEE U Chattanooga. Knoxville Memphis Nashville TEXAS Dallas Fort Worth Houston San Antonio See footnotes at end of table. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary

73 73 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER Table D5: Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued UTAH 4 Salt Lake City 4 VERMONT Burlington Springfield State and area lf 7 (Per 100 employees) Accession rates New hires July July 6 July Separation rates Quits July Layoffs AUg. JO 9 " (8) VIRGINIA NorfolkPortsmouth Richmond Roanoke WASHINGTON l 3. SeattleEverett Spokane... Tacoma... WEST VIRGINIA.. Charleston HuntingtonAshland Wheeling WISCONSIN Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine WYOMING Excludes canning and preserving. deludes agricultural chemicals and miscellaneous manufacturing. 3 Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies. 4 Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar. 5 Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers. ^Excludes printing and publishing. Initial inclusion in this publication. d Less than Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 10 Exdudes newhire rate for transportation equipment. i:l Excludes tobacco stemming and redrying. Excludes canning and preserving, sugar, and tobacco. Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing. NOTE: Data for the current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover.

74 Technical Note

75 Technical Note Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours and earnings, and labor turnover series concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitations is contained in technical notes for each of these series, available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics free of charge. Use order blank on page E. INTRODUCTION The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major sources: household interviews and (2) payroll reports from employers. Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample survey of the population. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides a comprehensive measure of the labor force, i.e., the total number of persons 14 years of age and over who are employed or unemployed. It also provides data on their personal and economic characteristics such as age, sex, color, marital status, occupations, hours of work, and duration of unemployment* The information is collected by trained inter* viewers from a sample of about 35,000 households throughout the country and is based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the th of the month. Data based on establishment payroll records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The payroll survey provides detailed industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The figures are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing about 25 million nonfarm wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or parttime, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the th of the month. Relation between the household and payroll series The household and payroll data supplement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other canoot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The factors which have a differential effect on levels and trends of the two series are described as follows: Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 15 hours or more during the survey week in familyoperated enterprises. Employment in both farm and nonfarm industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonfarm establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Employed persons holding more than one job are counted only once, and are classified according to the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during the survey week that is, were not working or looking for work but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement dispute, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on paid sick leave, paid vacation, or paid holiday are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period. Hours of Work The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid lor by employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. Comparability of the household interview data with other series Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons wfc did 1E

76 not work at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Bureau of Employment Security of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, State and local government, domestic service, selfemployed, unpaid family work, nonprofit organizations, and firms below a minimum size). In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation, but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household survey. Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture, The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of persons under 14 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series and the treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than once if they worked on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series. Comparability of the payroll employment data with other series Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census, BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some noncornparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxiliary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes contract construction, professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics. County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns, published jointly by the U.S. Departments of Commerce and Health* Education, and Welfare, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities. Employment covered by State unemployment insur» ance programs. Not all nonfarm wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. All workers in certain activities, such as interstate railroads, are excluded. In addition, small firms in covered industries are also excluded in 32 States. In general, these are establishments with less than four employees. COLLECTION AND COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population, the personal, occupational, and other economic characteristics of employed and unemployed persons, and related labor force data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). (A detailed description of this survey appears in **Concepts and Methods Used in Household Statistics on Employment and Unemployment from the Current Population Survey", Bureau of Labor Statistics Report No This report is available from BLS on request.) These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population 14 years and over. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 14 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the th of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week. Labor Force Data Inmates of institutions and persons under 14 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population'* and "total labor force, 1 'are obtained from the Department ofdefense, Until August 1962, the sample for CPS was spread over 333 areas. Between August 1962 and March 1963, the number of sample areas was increased to 357, comprising 701 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. This revision takes account of the changes in population distribution and characteristics shown by the I960 Census. The number of households remains unchanged at 35,000. Each month, 35,000 occupied units are designated for interview. About 1,500 of these households are visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the survey of about 4 percent. In addition to the 35,000 occupied units there are 5,000 sample units in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for approximately threefourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and onehalf to be common with the same month a year ago. 2E

77 CONCEPTS Employed Persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey week did any work at all either as paid employees, or in their own business or profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working or looking for work but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labormanagement dispute, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises of an Embassy (e.g., Mexican migratory farm workers). Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations* Unemployed Persons comprise all persons who did not work at all during the survey week and were looking for work, regardless of whe.ther or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all and (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days (and were not in school during the survey week); or (c) would have been looking for work except that they were temporarily ill or believed no work was available in their line of work or in the community. Persons in this latter category will usually be residents of a community in which there are only a few dominant industries which were shut down during the survey week. Not included in this category are persons who say they were not looking for work because they were too old, too young, or handicapped in any way. The Unemployment Rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force, i.e., the sum of the employed and unemployed. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital status, color, etc. When applied to industry and occupation groups, the labor force base for the unemployment rate also represents the sum of the employed and the unemployed, the latter classified according to industry and occupation of their latest fulltime civilian job. Duration of Unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work or would have been looking for work except for temporary illness, or belief that no work was available in their line of work or in the community. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. Average duration is an arithmetic mean computed from a distribution by single weeks of unemployment. The Civilian Labor Force comprises the total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. The "total labor force** also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad. Not in Labor Force includes all civilians 14 years and over who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of longterm physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other*' group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off** season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid family work (less than 15 hours) are also classified as not in the labor force. Occupation, Industry, and Class of Worker apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived from the CPS household interviews are defined as in the I960 Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The industrial classification system used in the Census of Population and the current Population Survey differs somewhat from that used by the BLS in its reports on employment, by industry. Employment levels by industry from the household survey, although useful for many analytical purposes, are not published in order to avoid public misunderstanding since they differ from the payroll series because of differences in classification, sampling variability, and other reasons. The industry figures from the household survey are used as a base for published distributions on hours of work, unemployment rates, and other characteristics of industry groups such as age, sex, and occupation. The classofworker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers,*' subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers,'* and "unpaid family workers." Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a governmental unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage. Hours of Work statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Veterans Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours even though he was paid for the holiday. 3E

78 For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However, all the hours are credited to the major job. Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are designated as working "full time"; persons who worked between 1 and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Parttime workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week, and inability to find fulltime work. "Other reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home housework, school, no desire for fulltime work and fulltime worker only during peak season. ESTIMATING METHODS The estimating procedure is essentially one of using sample results to obtain percentages of the population in a given category. The published estimates are then obtained by multiplying these percentage distributions by independent estimates of the population. The principal steps involved are shown below. Under the estimation methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program. 1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by groups of sample areas and, within these, for six groups color (white and nonwhite) within the three residence categories (urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm). The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc. 2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the Nation as a whole, in such characteristics as age, color, sex, and residence. Since these population characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows: a. Firststage ratio estimate. This is the procedure in which the sample proportions are weighted by the known I960 Census data on the colorresidence distribution of the population. This step takes into account the differences existing at the time of the I960 Census between the colorresidence distribution for the Nation and for the sample areas. b. Secondstage ratio estimate. In this step, the sample proportions are weighted by independent current estimates of the population by age, sex, and color. These estimates are prepared by carrying forward the most recent census data (I960) to take account of subsequent aging of the population, mortality, and migration between the United States and other countries* 3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the current month. This procedure reduces the sampling variability especially of monthtomonth changes but also of the levels for most items. Reliability of the Estimates Since the estimates are based on a sample, they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. The standard error is a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variations that might occur by chance because only a sample of the population is surveyed. The chances are about 2 out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from a complete census by less than the standard error. The chances are about 19 out of 20 that the difference would be less than twice the standard error. Table A shows the average standard error for the major employment status categories, by sex, computed from data for past months. Estimates of change derived from the survey are also subject to sampling variability. The standard error of change for consecutive months is also shown in table A. The standard errors of level shown in table A are acceptable approximations of the standard errors of year to year change. Table A..Average standard error of major employment status categories Employment status and sex BOTH SEXES (In thousands) Labor force and total employment Nonagricultural employment,.., MALE Labor force and total employment Nonagricultural employment.... FEMALE Labor force and total employment Nonagricultural employment.... Average standard error of Monthly level Monthtomonth change consecutive months only) E

79 The figures presented in table B are to be used for other characteristics and are approximations of the standard errors of all such characteristics. They should be interpreted as providing an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard errors rather than as the precise standard error for any specific item. standard error of the monthly level in table C, it may be seen that the standard error of the 500,000 increase is about 5,000. Table C. Standard error of estimates of monthtomonth change The standard error of the change in an item from one month to the next month is more closely related to the standard error of the monthly level for that item than to the size of the specific monthtomonth change itself. Thus, in order to use the approximations to the standard errors of monthtomonth changes as presented in table C, it is first necessary to obtain the standard error of the monthly level of the item in table B, and then find the standard error of the monthtomonth change in table C corresponding to this standard error of level. It should be noted that table C applies to estimates of change between 2 consecutive months. For changes between the current month and the same month last year, the standard errors of level shown in table B are acceptable approximations. Table B. Standard error of level of monthly estimates (In thousands) Standard error of monthly level (In thousands) Standard error of monthtomonth change Estimates relating to agricultural employment All estimates except those relating to agricultural employment Size of estimate Both sexes or white or white Male or white Female Nonwhite Nonwhite Nonwhite ,000. 2,500. 5, ,000 20,000 30,000 40, Illustration: Assume that the tables showed the total number of persons working a specific number of hours as 15,000,000, an increase of 500,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the first column of table B shows that the standard error of 15,000,000 is about 160,000. Consequently, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that the sample estimate differs by less than 160,000 from the figure which would have been obtained from a complete count of the number of persons working the given number of hours. Using the 160,000 as the The reliability of an estimated percentage, computed by using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends upon both the size of the percentage and the size of the total upon which the percentage is based. Where the numerator is a subclass of the denominator, estimated percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding absolute estimates of the numerator of the percentage, particularly if the percentage is large (50 percent or greater). Table D shows the standard errors for percentages derived from the survey. Linear interpolation may be used for percentages and base figures not shown in table D. Base of percentages (thousands) , ,000., 3, , , , ,000. Table D. Standard error of percentages 1 or 99 6,1 2 or 98 1,1 5 or 95 2*2 Estimated percentage 1 10 or 90,2 15 or or 80,2 25 or or E

80 Establishment Data COLLECTION Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonfarm establishments, by industry and geographic location. FederalState Cooperation Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out only one employment or labor turnover schedule, which is then used for national, State, and area estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents and, together with the use of identical techniques at the national and State levels, insures maximum geographic comparability of estimates. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the data to the BLS for use in preparing the national series. Shuttle Schedules Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS 790 Monthly Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form DL 19 Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. These schedules are of the "shuttle" type, with space for each month of the calendar year. The schedule is returned to the respondent each month by the collecting agency so that the next month's data can be entered. This procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures he has reported for previous months. The BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of full and parttime workers, on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and manhours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which most nearly coincides with the standard survey reference week (the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the th of the month). The labor turnover schedule provides for the collection of information on the total number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month. CONCEPTS Industrial Classification Establishments are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity determined from information on annual sales volume* This information is collected each year on an industry class supplement to the monthly 790 or 19 report. In the case of an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the most important product or activity. All national, State, and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series are classified in accordance with the Standard Industrial Classification Manual, Bureau of the Budget, Since many of the published industry series represent combinations of SIC industries, the BLS has prepared a Guide to Employment Statistics of BLS, 1961 which specifies the SIC code or codes covered by each industry title listed in Employ' ment and Earnings, In addition, the Guide provides industry definitions and lists the beginning date of each series. The Guide is available free upon request. Industry Employment Employment data for all except the Federal Government refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. The data exclude proprietors, the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; Federal military personnel are excluded from total nonagricultural employment. Persons on an establishment payroll who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period and are unemployed or on strike during.the rest of the period, are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire period, or who are hired but do not report to work during the period. Industry Hours and Earnings Hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and manhours for production and related workers, construction workers, or nonsupervisory employees. These terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer than 1 week, the figures are reduced to a weekly basis. Production and related workers include working foremen and all nonsupervisory workers (including leadmen and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and watchman services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers relate to the following employees in the contract construction division: Working foremen, journeymen, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. 6E

81 Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairmen, salespersons, operators, drivers, attendants, service employees, linemen, laborers, janitors, watchmen, and similar occupational levels, and other employees whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll covers the payroll for full and parttime production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for oldage and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. Manhours cover manhours worked or paid for, during the pay period which includes thel2thof the month, for production, construction, and nonsupervisory workers. The manhours include hours paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours cover premium overtime hours of production and related workers during the pay period which includes the th of the month. Overtime hours are those for which premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straighttime workday or workweek. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if premium wage rates were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Gross Average Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly earnings for manufacturing and nonmanufactur,ing industries are on a "gross" basis, reflecting not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates, but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and lateshift work, and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. Shifts in the volume of employment between relatively highpaid and lowpaid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments also affect the general earnings averages. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time, while rates are the amounts stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series, however, does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the productionworker or nonsupervisoryemployee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings, but also by changes in the length of the workweek, parttime work, stoppages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absenteeism. Average Weekly Hours The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received, and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as absenteeism, labor turnover, parttime work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average Overtime Hours The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which were in excess of regular hours and for which premium payments were made. If an employee worked on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straighttime pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction, from monthtomonth; for example, premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straighttime workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industrygroup level may also be caused by a marked change in gross hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Railroad Hours and Earnings The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees who received pay during the month, except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I). Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Spendable Average Weekly Earnings Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal social security and income taxes from gross weekly earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker, as well as on the level of his gross income. To reflect these variables, spendable earnings are computed for a worker with no dependents, and a worker with three dependents. The computations are based on the gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry division without regard to marital status, family composition, or total family income. 7E

82 "Real" earnings are computed by dividing the current Consumer Price Index into the earnings averages for the current month* The resulting level of earnings expressed in dollars is thus adjusted for changes in purchasing power since the base period. Average Hourly Earnings Excluding Overtime Average hourly earnings excluding premium overtime pay are computed by dividing the total productionworker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total productionworker manhours and onehalf of total overtime manhours* Prior to January 1956, these data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 1950, pp ). Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for at V/i times the straighttime rates. No adjustment is made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, lateshift work, and overtime rates other than time and onehalf. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Payrolls and ManHours The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and manhours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the period. The manhour aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and productionworker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of gross average weekly earnings and productionworker employment. Labor Turnover Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 100 employees* The data relate to all employees, whether full or parttime, permanent or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees. New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring from another establishment of the same company) or of former employees not recalled by the employer. Other accessions, which are not published separately but are included in total accessions, are all additions to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires, including transfers from another establishment of the company. Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and other separations, as defined as follows: Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired, and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days. Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker. Other separations, which are not published separately but are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than 30 consecutive calendar days. Comparability With Employment Series Monthtomonth changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay period which includes the th of the month; and (2) employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through the report period. ESTIMATING METHODS The principal features of the estimating procedure used to prepare estimates of employment for the industry statistics are the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, (2) periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the use of a modified cutoff type of sample. The "Link Relative" Technique From a sample of establishments, which report for both the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives." Other features of the general procedures used for estimating industry employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover statistics are described in the table on page E. Further details are given in the technical notes on Measurement of Employment, Hours, and Earnings in Nonagru cultural Industries and on Measurement of Labor Turnover, which are available upon request. A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and the stratified production or nonsupervisoryworker data are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods on page E, may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry. 8E

83 Benchmark Adjustments Employment estimates are periodically compared with comprehensive counts of employment which provide (t benchmarks "for the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March 1963 levels; normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually. The primary source of benchmark information is the employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments covered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations, covering threefourths of the total nonfarm employment in the United States, are prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Employment Security. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained from the records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number of other agencies in private industry or government. The estimates relating to the benchmark month are compared with new benchmark levels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates are adjusted between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends«thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment, while the sample is used to measure the monthtomonth changes in the level. Data for all months between the previous benchmark and the month in which the adjusted series is published are therefore subject to revision. To provide users of the data with a convenient reference source for the revised data, the BLS publishes as soon as possible after each benchmark revision a summary volume of employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover statistics. The current volume in this series is Employment and Earnings Statistics fat the United States, , Bulletin 2 (Dec. ), and contains monthly statistics from the earliest date of availability through August. THE SAMPLE Design The sample design used in the BLS establishment employment and labor turnover statistics programs is that of a modified cutoff sample. In a cutoff design, all establishments in a category are listed in sequence by number of employees. A cutoff point is selected in terms of the number of employees in an establishment, and only establishments above the cutoff point are included in the design. At present, sample selection is made by the cooperating State agencies at the area level with supplementation for establishments in sections of the State lying outside of the defined areas. The national sample therefore is then the sum of all the State samples. In cutoff sampling, the general objective is to obtain a sample comprising a large enough proportion of universe employment so that satisfactory estimates can be prepared. Since employer participation in the BLS programs is voluntary, some establishments above the cutoff may decline to report. To replace these in the design, reports are solicited from the next largest establishments below the cutoff until the desired employment coverage is attained. In addition, to meet the needs of preparing estimates of weekly hours and hourly earnings, procedures were introduced to secure representation of the smaller establishments in each industry. Because of this procedure, and also because sampling takes place primarily at the level of the metropolitan areas, which vary greatly in size, the sample includes a considerable number of small establishments, together with a very substantial proportion of the larger establishments in American industry. In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover statistics program, with their emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specified* tions for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and for many geographic levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail. The tendency of such a sample to produce biased estimates of the level of earnings for certain industries is counteracted by the stratified estimating procedure described under "Estimating Methods.*' Coverage The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. The table that follows shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment end pay rolls sample, March Mining Industry division Transportation and public utilities! Railroad transportation (ICC) Other t reimportation and public utilities Wholesale and retoll trade... Finance, Insurance and real Service and miscellaneous Governments Federal (Civil Service Number reported 287, ,000 10,753,000 Employees 737,000 1,711,000 2,265,000 1,020,000 1,541,000 2,334,000 3,459,000 Percent of total ISinco a few establishments do not report pay rail and manhour Information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. *State and area estimates of Federal employment are based on reports from a sample of Federal establishments, collected through the BLSState cooperative program. 9E

84 The table below shows the approximate coverage, in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample, March 1963 Communication! Industry Number reported 9/1,000 58,000 62, ,000 25,000 Reliability of the Employment Estimate Employees Percent of total One measure of the reliability of an employment estimate projected from a benchmark is the amount by which it differs from the new benchmark at the next adjustment period. The BLS uses this criterion instead of the standard error of the estimates, since it is not possible to compute a mathematically precise statement of error unless the estimates are based on a probability sample. An approximation of the accuracy of the BLS employment estimates is shown by the following table: The high degree of reliability of BLS estimates is due to the relatively large percentage of the employment universe covered by the sample, the frequent adjustments of employment estimates to benchmark levels, and the use of special techniques, such as stratification by size and/or region. Differences between the benchmarks and the estimates, as well as the sampling and response errors, result from changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product), which are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks. At more detailed industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments; however, it becomes of less importance at broader aggregations of industries. Another cause of differences, generally minor, between the estimates and the benchmark arises from improvements in the quality of benchmark data. For the most recent months, national estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary, and are so footnoted in the tables. These particular figures are based on less than the full sample and consequently are subject to revisions when all the reports in the sample have been received. Studies of these revisions of preliminary estimates in the past indicate that they have been relatively small (and most frequently upward) for employment, and even smaller for hours and earnings. Nonagriculturcl payroll employment estimates, by industry division, as a percentage of the benchmark for recent years Industry division Mining Contract construction... Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade. Finance, insurance, and real estate Service and miscellaneous Government For some detailed industries, the relative size of the correction to benchmarks is somewhat greater than is indicated for the major industry divisions in the preceding table. STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages. Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum of the State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification. Users of State and area employment, hours, and earnings statistics may be interested in Employment and Earnings Statistics for States and Areas, , BLS Bulletin 702. For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are presented from the earliest date of availability of each series through. 10E

85 Seasonal Adjustment Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors but, in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings, The seasonal adjustment method used for these series is an adaptation of the standard ratiornrpovinfj average method, with a provision for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description and illustration of the basic method was published in the August I960 Monthly Labor Review, and a revised version is described in the 1962 Report of the President's Committee to Appraise Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Measuring Employment and Unemployment, Appendix G, "The Bureau of Labor Statistics Seasonal Factor Method." For establishment data, the seasonally adjusted series on weekly hours and labor turnover rates for industry groupings are computed by applying factors directly to the corresponding unadjusted series, but seasonally adjusted employment totals for all employees and production workers by industry divisions are obtained by summing the seasonally adjusted data which are published for component industries. Seasonally adjusted aggregate weekly manhours for mining, contract construction, and the major industries in manufacturing are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production workers, seasonally adjusted. For total, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods, aggregate weekly manhours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly manhours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries. The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Post Office Department in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions by the Post Office Department. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the data upon which the seasonally adjusted series is based. Factors currently in use for the establishment data are shown in the December Employment and Earnings, and revisions will be made coincidental with the adjustment of series to new benchmark levels. For each of the three major labor force components agricultural and nonagricultural employment, and unemployment data for four agesex groups (male and female workers under age 20, and age 20 and over) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to give seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to produce seasonally adjusted total employment and civilian labor force data, the appropriate series are aggregated. The seasonally adjusted rate of unemployment is derived by dividing the seasonally adjusted figure for total unemployment (the sum of four seasonally adjusted agesex components) by the figure for the seasonally adjusted civilian labor force (the sum of twelve seasonally adjusted agesex components). The seasonal adjustment factors applying to current data are based on a pattern shown by past experience. These factors are revised in the light of the pattern revealed by subsequent data. Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the labor force based on data through December are published in the February Employment and Earnings. Revisions will be made annually as each additional year's data become available. 11E