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PA MONTHLY WORKSTATS LABOR FORCE JOBS UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PA Monthly WorkStats presents the most up-to-date labor market highlights and happenings in the commonwealth.

reports. Additional details and historical information are available on our website: workstats.dli.pa.gov. 2016 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC September 2016 Big Numbers 5.

------- Page 2 To learn more about those working part-time for economic reasons please see ------- Page 4 What are initial claims?

1 PA MONTHLY WORKSTATS LABOR FORCE JOBS UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PA Monthly WorkStats presents the most up-to-date labor market highlights and happenings in the commonwealth. Information herein is produced and published monthly and includes data on the labor force, jobs, and unemployment compensation for both the state and select substate areas as well as relevant media reports. Additional details and historical information are available on our website: workstats.dli.pa.gov JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC September 2016 Big Numbers 5.7% Unemployment Rate 5,895,200 Statewide Job Count 13,778 Initial Claims (4-week average) What industries added jobs from last September? Page 2 To learn more about those working part-time for economic reasons please see Page 4 What are initial claims? Page 6 Education & health services were the subject of recent media reports on labor in Pennsylvania. For more information, please see Page 7 What does part-time for economic reasons mean? Back Page For additional information and resources, please contact: Center for Workforce Information & Analysis (CWIA) workforceinfo@pa.gov workstats.dli.pa.gov

2 CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS JOBS BY SUPERSECTOR OCTOBER 2016 EDITION SEPTEMBER 2016 DATA (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) Change from September 2015 Industry Jobs Volume Percent Trend Total Nonfarm Jobs 5,895,200 51, % Goods-Producing Industries 822,500 (12,700) (1.5%) Mining & Logging 23,900 (7,900) (24.8%) Construction 233,700 (2,600) (1.1%) Manufacturing 564,900 (2,200) (0.4%) Service-Providing Industries 5,072,700 64, % Trade, Transportation, & Utilities 1,133,700 7, % Information 84,700 (300) (0.4%) Financial Activities 317,000 (100) 0.0% Professional & Business Services 792,400 15, % Education & Health Services 1,215,300 21, % Leisure & Hospitality 562,100 14, % Other Services 258,700 2, % Government 708,800 3, % Seasonally adjusted total nonfarm jobs in Pennsylvania decreased in September following three consecutive gains. It fell from the record high level in August of 5,900,500. Seven of the 11 supersectors declined from August. Education & health services and government tied for the largest drop, down 6,400 each. The largest gain was in professional & business services, up 6,700. While education & health services fell below last month s record high level, both professional & business services and leisure & hospitality rose to record highs in September. Over the year, jobs in the commonwealth were up 0.9% compared to the national growth of 17.0%. Annual gains were restricted to service-providers, as all three goods-producing supersectors declined from September * Italics signifies the greatest over-the-year movement ** Highlighting signifies an all-time high How Have Jobs Changed Over THE Long TERM? Percent of Total Nonfarm Jobs CHANGE IN SUPERSECTOR VOLUME 5-Year Growth 5-Year Decline Current 14% 23% 63% 12% 14% 74% Mining & Logging Construction Manufacturing Trade, Transportation, & Utilities Information Financial Activities Sept Sept Government Goods Producers Private Service Providers Education & health services led private service-providing growth over the past 26 years. Today, goods producers make up a smaller portion of total nonfarm jobs due to large declines in manufacturing. Professional & Business Services Education & Health Services Leisure & Hospitality Other Services Government Employment (in tens of thousands) Over the past five years, total nonfarm jobs have grown 3.5% with seven of the 11 supersectors adding jobs. Four supersectors - education & health services, professional & business services, leisure & hospitality, and trade, transportation & utilities were up by more than 40,000. 2

3 CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS JOBS BY SELECT METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA (MSA) OCTOBER 2016 EDITION AUGUST 2016 DATA (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) Change from August 2015 MSA Jobs Volume Percent Trend Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 358, % Altoona 62, % Erie 130,000 (600) (0.5%) Harrisburg-Carlisle 340,100 5, % Johnstown 55,900 (800) (1.4%) Lancaster 247,400 2, % Lebanon 51, % Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington 2,883,400 54, % Pittsburgh 1,158,000 (8,300) (0.7%) Reading 178,400 1, % Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton 259, % State College 77, % Williamsport 54,100 (1,200) (2.2%) York-Hanover 185,100 3, % Please note the four newly defined MSAs are not shown as they do not yet have seasonally adjusted data. * Italics signifies the greatest over-the-year movement ** Highlighting signifies an all-time high (MSA industry data are not seasonally adjusted) Ten of the 14 MSAs listed had positive over-theyear job growth, ranging from +0.1 percent in the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton MSA to +2.0 percent in the York-Hanover MSA. Four MSAs showed an over-the-year job loss, ranging from -0.5 percent in the Erie MSA to -2.2 percent in the Williamsport MSA. Two MSAs reported all-time high job levels in August: Harrisburg and Philadelphia-Camden- Wilmington. This was the third consecutive month of a record high job level for the Philadelphia- Camden-Wilmington MSA and the 13th month out of the last 14. There were five MSAs that had at least 29 months of consecutive year-over-year increases in jobs. The Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington MSA had the longest such streak, which started in July On the other hand, the longest consecutive streaks of year-over-year job decreases were recorded by the Williamsport and Johnstown MSAs, which extended for 17 and 18 months, respectively. Ten of the 14 MSAs listed have exceeded their job levels of December 2007, which was the start of the Great Recession. The four MSAs which have not as yet recovered to their pre-recession job levels were Altoona, Erie, Johnstown and Scranton--Wilkes- Barre--Hazleton. (MSA industry data are not seasonally adjusted) Thirteen of the 14 listed MSAs increased over the past five years in service-providing jobs. The only MSA that experienced a decrease was Johnstown. Goods-producing jobs were up in slightly more than half of the MSAs shown, with eight gaining jobs in goods-producing industries, while six experienced decreases. The largest five-year percentage decrease among the MSAs in goods-producing industries occurred in the Williamsport MSA, decreasing by more than 20 percent over the five-year period. While the Williamsport MSA saw service-providing jobs increase over this period, the growth in serviceproviding jobs (+2,200) was not enough to offset the decrease in goods-producing jobs (-2,800). The largest five-year percentage increases in goods-producing jobs occurred in the Altoona (+6.7 percent) and Reading (+6.0 percent) MSAs. For both MSAs there were job increases in both the mining, logging, & construction and manufacturing industries. In the Reading MSA, manufacturing growth occurred exclusively in durable goods. The Lancaster MSA had the largest five-year percentage growth in service-providing industries, increasing jobs in these industries by more than 10 percent. Service-providing job growth in the Lancaster MSA was seen in nearly every service-providing industry, with job losses only in information and government. The Johnstown MSA was the only MSA to lose serviceproviding jobs over the five-year period. While serviceproviding jobs were lost across a variety of industries, more than half of all service-providing jobs lost in the MSA over this period were in government, including at the federal, state, and local levels. MSA Five-YEAR JOB CHANGE (not seasonally adjusted) Goods-producing versus service-providing INDUSTRIES Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Bloomsburg-Berwick Chambersburg East Stroudsburg York-Hanover Erie Gettysburg Harrisburg-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington Pittsburgh Reading Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton State College Williamsport Percentage Change (%) Goods-Producing Service-Providing 3

4 LOCAL AREA UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS LABOR FORCE FOR PENNSYLVANIA AND THE UNITED STATES OCTOBER 2016 EDITION SEPTEMBER 2016 DATA (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) 5.7% PA September 2016 Employment 6,151,000 Unemployment 371, % 5.7% 4.9% PA August 2016 Employment 6,146,000 U.S. September 2016 Unemployment 370,000 Employment 151,968,000 Unemployment 7,939,000 Pennsylvania s seasonally adjusted unemployment rate held steady at 5.7 percent this month; tied (with last month and July 2014) as the highest rate since June Employment was up 5,000 from last month to 6,151,000 after an August revision of +1,000. September was the first increase following five consecutive decreases. Unemployment increased 1,000 in September, edging up to 371,000; this was the eighth consecutive increase. September 2016 marked PA s highest unemployment level since June 2014 and was 75,000 above the recent low set in January of this year. 6,550 Labor Force 6,200 Employment 410 Unemployment 6.5 Unemployment Rate (in thousands) 6,500 6,450 6,400 (in thousands) 6,125 6,050 5,975 (in thousands) Percent ,350 August 5,900 August 290 August 4.5 August Current Population Survey DATA Unemployment Rate: 12-Month Moving Average (by Percent) SELECT STATES UNEMPLOYMENT RATES (RANK) PA (44) Sept Aug Sept Total Gender Race Age Female Male Black White State Name and National Rank Among All States VA (11) WI (14) MD (16) DE (18) MI (22) OH (26) NY (29) NJ (34) IL (38) Over-the-month Increase Over-the-month Decline Current Rate WV (45) Less than HS HS Diploma Education AD / Some College BD or Higher People with Disabilities Veterans Participation Rate 63.5% 63.5% 62.6% Employment/Population Ratio 60.2% 60.0% 59.2% Underemployment Rate (U-6) 10.5% 10.4% 10.9% Discouraged Workers 18,200 17,700 26,100 Part-Time for Economic Reasons 270, , ,300 Avg. Duration of Unemployment (weeks) Long-term Unemployed (>26 weeks) 77,700 81, , % 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% Though generally trending downward, the number of people working parttime for economic reasons remains stubbornly high, having only declined 15 percent since it peaked in 2012 and remaining nearly 80 percent higher than its 10-year low in By race/ethnicity, black workers employed part-time for economic reasons have declined more than 30 percent from their peak, white workers almost 20 percent, and Hispanic workers almost 15 percent. While the level peaked in 2012 for white workers, the minority groups did not reach their peak level until recently within the past 12 months. Additionally, while the peak level for white workers only doubled the 10-year low, black workers saw their level rise more than 400 percent and Hispanic workers increased more than 600 percent. By gender, both men and women saw their peak level increase by around 130 percent from their 10-year low. Men have since decreased a little more than women from their respective peaks (24 percent for men versus 13.5 percent from women), but men peaked in 2011, three years earlier than the peak for women. 4

5 LOCAL AREA UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS LABOR FORCE FOR SELECT LOCAL AREAS OCTOBER 2016 EDITION AUGUST 2016 DATA (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) In August, all 67 counties experienced an over-theyear increase in their unemployment rates, which was accompanied by an over-the-year increase in the volume of unemployment. The largest overthe-year increase in unemployment rates was in Armstrong and Elk counties (1.9 percentage points), while the smallest increase was in Adams County (0.3 percentage points). Over the year, employment increased in 44 counties and the labor force increased in 64 counties (including all those where employment increased). Philadelphia County had the largest increase in labor force (+19,300) and employment (+14,400), while Lycoming County had the largest decreases in each (-400 and -1,200 respectively). Unemployment rates varied considerably among counties, ranging from a low of 4.1 percent in Chester County to a high of 8.5 percent in Forest and Fayette counties. Both the high and low rates in August were marginally higher than last month s high and low rates, respectively. Over the year, while the state s unemployment rate increased by 0.8 percentage points to 5.7 percent, only 38 of Pennsylvania s counties had increases that exceeded the state s increase and 32 of those counties also exceeded the state s rate in August. Overall, there were 45 counties whose unemployment rate exceeded 5.7 percent in August. Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Bloomsburg-Berwick Chambersburg-Waynesboro East Stroudsburg Erie Gettysburg Harrisburg-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington Pittsburgh Reading Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton State College Williamsport York-Hanover Unemployment Rate by MSA Over-the-month direction of change and 10-year maximum and minimum range County Unemployment Rates < 5.5% 5.5% - 6.4% 6.5% - 7.4% > 7.4% The statewide over-the-year increases in the level and rate of unemployment was experienced in all 18 MSAs as well. The largest increase in the rate was in the Erie MSA (+1.6 percentage points), while the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington and Gettysburg MSAs had the smallest increases (+0.3 percentage points). Over the year, while the level of unemployment increased in all 18 MSAs, employment rose in 15. Erie, Johnstown and Williamsport MSAs, were the only MSAs where employment decreased. The largest decrease in employment was in the Williamsport MSA (-1,200). Compared to the year prior, the labor force increased in 17 MSAs. The largest such increase was in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington MSA (+71,100). Only the Williamsport MSA experienced a decrease in labor force (-400). Unemployment rates among the 18 MSAs ranged from a low of 4.2 percent in the Gettysburg and State College MSAs to 7.4 percent in the Johnstown MSA. Only eight MSAs had an unemployment rate in excess of the state s average rate of 5.7 percent Unemployment Rate (percent) 5

6 UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION CLAIMS AND BENEFITS AT A GLANCE OCTOBER 2016 EDITION SEPTEMBER 2016 DATA (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) Duration of Claims and EXHAUSTION R ate Did You Know? Exhaustion Rate (percent) Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q Average Duration (in weeks) What are initial claims? Any notice of unemployment filed: - (1) to request a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation; or -(2) to begin a second or subsequent period of eligibility within a benefit year or period of eligibility. What are weeks claimed/continued claims? Number of Individuals Who Received UC Benefits (Regular UC Only) For the week ending September 24, 2016: 84,791 For the week ending August 27, 2016: 106,738 For the week ending September 26, 2015: 95,679 The number of weeks of benefits claimed, including weeks for which a waiting period or fixed disqualification period is being served. Initial and Continued Claims Over The Past 26 Months Initial Claims (in thousands) Continued Claims (in thousands) 10 A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S 100 6

7 PENNSYLVANIA EMPLOYER ACTIVITY PRESS UPDATE OCTOBER 2016 EDITION PA Monthly WorkStats Press Update The update below is part of a series of Press Updates corresponding to PA Monthly WorkStats labor force data. Each update includes a summary of media trends along with article quotes illustrative of the month s workforce trends. Please note that while these updates may cover particular attempts made by reporters to explain industry trends, CWIA and L&I serve to report these numbers and cannot endorse any trend explanations that may or may not be included below. The relatively steady growth in Education and Health Services has sparked plenty of need to train workers for these industries. In addition to traditional occupational opportunities in this sector, massage therapy has emerged as a training need in Berks County. The Reading Eagle explained how massage therapist has become a High Priority Occupation (HPO) in Berks County. Reading Eagle, Oct. 18, 2016 Demand increases for licensed massage therapists The article was predicated by a press release the newspaper received touting massage therapy as a high priority occupation. The reporter, somewhat skeptical, reached out to L&I to fact-check and look into the growth of this occupation in Berks County. The article states: Massage therapy was a $12.1 billion industry in the U.S. in 2015, according to the American Massage Therapy Association. The U.S. Department of Labor s Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates employment in massage therapy will have grown 22 percent between 2014 and Pennsylvania currently licenses more than 9,000 massage therapists, including more than 2,500 in Berks, Lehigh, Montgomery, Lancaster, Chester, Lebanon and Schuylkill counties. Closer to home, the Center for Workforce Information & Analysis (CWIA) placed Massage Therapists on its HPO list for Berks County in September. That means that local spas and health practitioners that employ massage therapists stated through a formal HPO petition process that they will be hiring numerous therapists each of the next three years. NOTE: An occupation is deemed high priority based on an analysis of various data points. To put it simply, CWIA considers wages and openings, along with projected change, as criteria for HPO status. They also take occupational unemployment rates and the amount of individuals graduating from postsecondary education programs into consideration. 7

8 BEHIND THE DATA DEFINITIONS SOURCES WEB RESOURCES LOCAL AREA UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS (LAUS) This program measures employment and unemployment by place of residence. The LAUS program does not produce estimates for any demographic groups. Employment: All persons who (a) did any work as paid employees, selfemployed, agricultural workers, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid family workers, or (b) were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent. Each employed person is counted only once, even if the person holds more than one job. Unemployment: All persons aged 16 years and older who had no employment, were available for work, and had made specific efforts to find employment. Includes persons who were waiting to be recalled to jobs from which they had been laid off. Labor Force: All persons classified as employed or unemployed. Unemployment Rate: The number of unemployed divided by the labor force. LAUS data is produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS (CES) This collaborative effort between the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics and the states produces a count of jobs, not of people. Nonfarm Jobs: The total number of persons on establishment payrolls employed full or part time. Persons on the payroll of more than one establishment are counted in each establishment. Data exclude proprietors, self-employed, unpaid family or volunteer workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Persons on layoff, strike, or leave without pay for the entire period, or who have not yet reported for work are not counted as employed. Government employment covers only civilian employees. Seasonal Adjustment: Removes the change in employment that is due to normal seasonal hiring or layoffs (holidays, weather, etc.) thus leaving an over-the-month change that reflects only employment changes due to trend and irregular movements. Note - Agricultural employment is excluded due to the relative difficulty of gathering timely employment information in the rural farming sector. Many agricultural workers are exempt from unemployment insurance and many are self-employed. As such, there is not a good source of data to verify the accuracy and reliability of the sample-based survey data. CES data is produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY (CPS) Discouraged Workers: Persons not in the labor force who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months, but who are not currently looking because they believe there are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. Discouraged workers are not included in the unemployment count. Duration of Unemployment: The length of time in weeks that an unemployed person has been looking for work. Labor Force Participation Rate: The labor force divided by the civilian non-institutional population. Employment to Population Ratio: The proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population aged 16 years and over that is employed. Part Time for Economic Reasons: Persons who would like to work full time but were working part time because of an economic reason such as decreased working hours or they were unable to find full-time jobs. Long-term Unemployed: Persons who have been unemployed for greater than 26 weeks. Underemployment Rate (U6): The number of unemployed plus those people working part time who would like full-time jobs plus those who have dropped out of the labor market entirely and still want a job divided by the labor force plus those who have dropped out of the labor market entirely and still want a job. UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION (UC) The Federal-State Unemployment Compensation (UC) Program provides unemployment benefits to eligible workers who are unemployed through no fault of their own and meet other eligibility requirements of State law. Regular UC: Provides up to 26 weeks of benefits. Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC): A temporary, federally-funded extension of unemployment benefits for those who have exhausted their Regular UC benefits. Extended Benefits (EB): A temporary extension of unemployment benefits available to individuals who have exhausted their Regular UC benefits and any temporary EUC. Initial Claims: The count of notices of unemployment requesting a determination of eligibility and entitlement for UC benefits. A person can file multiple claims. Continued Claims: The number of weeks that claimants are requesting payment of unemployment benefits. These claims include waiting weeks which do not receive payment and claims that are subsequently denied benefits. Individual Payments: The distinct count of individuals who received unemployment compensation benefits. Exhaustees: The count of individuals who have drawn the maximum entitled amount of benefits. CWIA-19 REV Auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities. Equal Opportunity Employer/Program

4.8% 6,005,900 60,000

4.8% 6,005,900 60,000 PA MONTHLY WORKSTATS LABOR FORCE JOBS UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PA Monthly WorkStats presents the most up-to-date labor market highlights and happenings in the commonwealth. Information herein is produced