Employment and Earnings January 1980

Transcription

1 Employment and Earnings January 980 U. S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics Vol. 7 No. In this issue: annual averages

2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Ray Marshall, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Janet L Norwood, Commissioner Employment and Earnings is prepared by the Division of Industry Employment Statistics and the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis in collaboration with the Division of Special Publications. The data are collected by the Bureau of the Census epartment of Commerce), State Employment Security Agencies, and State Departments of Labor in cooperation with the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A brief description of the cooperative statistical programs of the BLS with these agencies is presented in the Explanatory Notes. The State agencies are listed on the inside back cover. Calendar of Features In addition to the monthly data appearing regularly in Employment and Earnings special features appear in most of the issues as shown below: Household data Annual averages Revised seasonally adjusted series Quarterly averages: Seasonally adjusted data, persons not in labor force, persons of Hispanic origin, VietnamEra veterans and nonveterans, povertynonpoverty area data, family relationship data. Jan. Feb. Jan., Apr., July, Oct. Employment and Earnings may be ordered through the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C Subscription price per year $ domestic, and $70 foreign. Single copy $5. Annual supplement $5. Prices are subject to change by the U.S. Government Printing Office. Communications on editorial matters should be addressed to: Editors, Employment and Earnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 0. Inquiries regarding the text and Household Data should be addressed to: Attention of Gloria P. Green, or phone: (0) Inquiries relating to Establishment Data and all other tables should be addressed to: Attention of Gloria P. Goings, or phone: (0) Send correspondence on circulation and subscription matters (including address changes) to the Superintendent of Documents. Establishment data National annual averages: Industry divisions (preliminary) Industry detail (final) Women employment detail (final) National data adjusted to new benchmarks Revised seasonally adjusted series State and area annual averages Area definitions Jan. Mar. Mar. Oct. Oct. May May The issue that introduces new benchmark varies. The October issue marks the introduction of March benchmarks. Revised data introduced October. The Secretary of Labor has determined that the publication of this periodical is necessary in the transaction of the public business required by law of this Department. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget through February 8, 98. Controlled circulation postage paid at Riverdale, Md. Unless identified as copyrighted, articles and tabulations in this publication are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission of the Federal Government. Please credit Employment and Earnings, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Library of Congress Catalog Number Employment and Earnings ept. of Labor Pub.) (USPS 08990)

3 Employment and Earnings Vol. 7 No. January 980 Editors: Gloria P. Green, Gloria P. Goings, Rosalie K. Epstein Editors' Note It is the annual practice of the Bureau of Labor Statistics to recalculate the seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household survey) to incorporate experience in the most recent year. As a result of the recalculation of seasonal factors, seasonally adjusted data for the past 5 years are subject to revision. The data in tables A, A, A33 through A4, and A44 through A53 have been revised to reflect the updated seasonal adjustment factors. Revised monthly data covering the entire revision period for a broader range of labor force series will appear in next month's issue. This year, the Bureau has introduced two modifications in the seasonal adjustment methodology which are described in the article, "Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series/' beginning on page 9 in this issue. The article also gives the new seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the overall unemployment rate for JanuaryJune 980. CONTENTS Page List of statistical tables Employment and unemployment developments, December 7 Revision of seasonally adjusted labor force series 9 Charts 4 Statistical tables: Not seaonally adjusted Household data 6 Quarterly averages, 65 Establishment data: Employment 79 Hours and earnings Labor turnover 4 State and area unemployment data 5 Seasonally adjusted series Household data 50 Quarterly averages 57 Establishment data: Employment 96 Hours and earnings 3 Productivity 34 Labor turnover. 47 Annual averages 56 Explanatory notes 07

4 MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Employment Status A. Employment status of the noninstitutional population. 6 years and over, 947 to date 6 A. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years and over by sex, 967 to date 7 A 3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race 8 A 4. Labor force by sex, age, and race 30 A 5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age 3 A 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age 33 A 7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years of age by race and sex 34 A 8. Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race 35 A 9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship 36 Characteristics of the Unemployed A0. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race 36 A. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex 37 A. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex 37 A3. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race 38 A4. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age. 38 A5. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race 39 A6. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment : 39 A7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment 40 A8. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status 40 A9. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 4 Characteristics of the Employed A0. Employed persons by sex and age,. 4 A. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age 4 A. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race 43 A3. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex 44 A4. Employed persons by industry and occupation 44 A5. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex 45 A6. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work 45 A7. Persons at work 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours 46 A8. Nonagricultural workers»by industry and full or parttime status 46 A9. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full or parttime status, sex, age, race, and marital status 47 A30. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status and sex 48 Characteristics of 4 and 5 yearolds A3. Employment status of 45 yearolds by sex and race 49 A3. Employed 45 yearolds by sex, class of worker, and occupation. 49 Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data A33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally.adjusted 50 A34. Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted 5 A35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted 5 A36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 5 A37. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 5 A38. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 53 A39. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 53 A40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 54 A4. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 54 A4. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 55 Characteristics of VietnamEra Veterans and Nonveterans A43. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans by age 5 6

5 QUARTERLY HOUSEHOLD DATA Page Seasonally Adjusted Employment and Unemployment Data A44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted 57 A45. Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 58 A46. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted 59 A47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted 60 A48, Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted 6 A49. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 6 A50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted 6 A5. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 6 A5. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted 63 Persons Not in Labor Force A53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted 64 A54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex 65 A55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex 66 A56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason 66 A57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous months by age, race, and sex 67 A58. Workseeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within next months by age, race, and sex 67 Race and Hispanic Origin Data A59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin 68 A60. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age 69 A6. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin 70 A6. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories 7 A63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin 7 A64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin 7 A65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin 73 A66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin 73 VietnamEra Veterans and Nonveterans Data A67. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans by age 74 A68. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans 5 to 39 years by age, race, and Hispanic origin 74 Metropolitannonmetropolitan and Povertynonpoverty Area Data A69. Employment status of the population in metropolitannon metropolitan areas by sex, age, and race, 75 A70. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race 76 A7. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race 76 Family Relationship Data A7. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members 77 A73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members 78

6 MONTHLY ESTABLISHMENT DATA Page Employment National B. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, 90 to date 79 B. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 80 B 3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry 89 B 4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted 96 B 5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted i 97 B 6. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted 98 B 7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased 99 Employment State and Area R 8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas, by industry division....,.. 00 Hours and Earnings National C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, 959 to date C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry C 3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government 8 C 4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by industry 8 C 5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, in current and 967 dollars 9 C 6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls 30 C 7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted... 3 C 8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted 33 C 9. Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted^ 34 C0. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division 34 C. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted.; 35 C. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted, at annual rate 36 Hours and Earnings State and Area C3. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by Labor Turnover National State and selected areas D. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 969 to date 4 D. Labor turnover rates, by industry 43 D 3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 969 to date, seasonally adjusted 47 Labor Turnover State and Area D 4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas.. 48 MONTHLY STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas I 5

7 ANNUAL AVERAGESHOUSEHOLD DATA Page Employment Status. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 99 to date 56. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years and over by sex, 949 to date Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race Labor force by sex, age, and race Employment status of black workers by sex and age 6 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years of age by race and sex Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship 66 Characteristics of the Unemployed 0. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race 66. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex 67. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job 7 Characteristics of the Employed 0. Employed persons by sex and age. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age 7^. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race "^3 3. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex Employed persons by industry and occupation Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race 8 3. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work Persons at work 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours Nonagricultural workers by industry and full or parttime status 84 35; Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full or parttime status, sex, age, race, and marital status Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status and sex Characteristics of 4 and 5 year olds 37. Employment status of 45 yearolds by sex and race 38. Employed 45 yearolds by sex, class of worker, and occupation Persons Not in Labor Force 39. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous months by age, race, and sex Workseeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within next months by age, race, and sex 90

8 ANNUAL AVERAGESHOUSEHOLD DATAContinued Page Race and Hispanic Origin Data 44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by occupation Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by industry Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin job desire of black and Hispanic origin workers not in the labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex 98 VietnamEra Veterans and Nonveterans Data 55. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans by age Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans 5 to 39 years by age, race, and Hispanic origin 99 Metropolitannon metropolitan and Povertynon poverty Area Data Employment status of the population in metropolitannonmetropolitan areas by sex, ago, and race 58. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race 0 Family Relationship Data 60. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members 0 6. Employed person by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members 03 ANNUAL AVERAGESESTABLISHMENT DATA EmploymentNational. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry and major manufacturing group. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group 04 Hours and EarningsNational 3. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group 06

9 Employment and Unemployment Developments, December Employment rose in December and unemployment was virtually unchanged. The Nation's unemployment rate was percent, little different from the November rate of percent and similar to those which have prevailed since August. employment as measured by the monthly survey of households rose by 300,000 to 97 million. Over the past year, total employment has increased by. million. Nonfarm payroll employment as measured by the monthly survey of establishments advanced 35,000 over the month to 90 million. Payroll jobs increased by million since December. Unemployment The December unemployment rate, percent, and the number of unemployed persons, 6. million, were about the same as in the previous month. Since August, the jobless rate has fluctuated within the narrow band of to percent as revised, based on updated seasonal adjustment factors. See article beginning on page 9. The December unemployment rates for adult men ( percent), adult women ( percent), and teenagers ( percent) were virtually the same as in November. Jobless rates for whites ( percent) and blacks ( percent) and most other worker groups were also at or near the levels which have prevailed over the past several months. (See table A36.) Although unemployment has remained steady in recent months, the number of nonagricultural workers on parttime schedules for economic reasons a group analysts sometimes refer to as the partially unemployed has increased from million in September to million in December. (See table A4.) employment and the labor force employment advanced by 300,000 in December to 97 million, returning the employmentpopulation ratio to its high of 59 percent first reached in July. Over the past year, total employment has increased by. million, with increases for both whites and blacks about proportionate to their share of the population. (See table A33.) The civilian labor force totaled 0 million in December, up 350,000 from November and nearly million from December a year ago. Women accounted for the bulk of these increases. The overall civilian labor force participation rate was 6 percent in December, equaling its previous high recorded in September. idiscouraged workers Discouraged workers are those who report that they want work but are not looking for jobs because they believe they cannot find any. Because they do not meet the labor market test that is, they are not engaged in active job search they are classified as not in the labor force rather than unemployed. These data are published on a quarterly basis. The number of discouraged workers, at 740,000, was little changed both from the previous quarter and over the past year. Just over threefifths of this number cited jobmarket factors as the reason for their discouragement (See table A53.) Industry payroll employment Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 35,000 in December to 90 million. Over the past year, payroll employment grew million. In contrast to recent months in which job growth had been concentrated in the serviceproducing industries, the December employment growth was marked by gains in both the goods and the serviceproducing sectors. (See table B4.) Employment increased by 70,000 in the goodsproducing sector, reversing the downward trend of the past 4 months and returning employment to near its July level. Manufacturing employment rose by 0,000, with durable and nondurable goods industries contributing 65,000 and 45,000 additional jobs, respectively. Electrical and transportation equipment accounted for most of the growth in durable goods, each rising by 5,000. Gains in nondurable goods industries were somewhat more widespread. Elsewhere in the goods sector, employment in construction and mining rose by 45,000 and 5,000, respectively. Jobs in the serviceproducing sector grew by 45,000, continuing the pattern of longterm growth. The largest gain took place in the services industry (70,000), while increases also occurred in government (50,000) and finance (30,000). Employment in trade and transportation and public utilities remained at essentially the November levels.

10 Hours The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagriculturat payrolls was 3 in December, unchanged from November. Manufacturing hours advanced by 0 to 40.3 hours but remained 0.3 hour below the first quarter level. Factory overtime edged up 0. to hours, after holding at hours in the AugustNovember period. (See table C7.) The index of aggregate weekly hours rose 0 percent in December to 6 (967=00), entirely the result of the rise in employment. The index was up percent over the year. (See table C8.) Hourly and weekly earnings Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose 0 percent in December and were 7 percent above the December level (seasonally adjusted). Average weekly earnings also rose 0 percent in December and were up 7 percent over the year. Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings rose 4 cents in December to $8, 47 cents above December ; average weekly earnings were $9.04, up $4 from November and $9 over the year. (See tables C and C9.) The Hourly Earnings Index The Hourly Earnings Index earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in highwage and lowwage industries was 39. (967=00) in December, 0 percent higher than in November. The Index was 8 percent above December a year ago. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the Index decreased 4. percent during the month period ended in November. (See table C9.) Overtheyear developments The Nation's job situation in was characterized by a slowdown in the rate of employment and labor force expansion compared with recent years. Growth in these two labor market measures, while still high by historical standards at over million persons each, was nevertheless well below the pace of the previous 3 years. The unemployment rate showed little movement between late and late. There were no dramatic overtheyear changes in the overall unemployment picture. However, the unemployment rate for adult men, which is typically more sensitive to cyclical movements, registered a small rise. The unemployment rate in manufacturing was up almost a point. In addition, the number of unemployed persons on layoff at yearend was nearly a quarter of a million above the level of a year earlier, and the number of persons working part time for economic reasons increased by about 400,000. While adult women have comprised a large proportion of the labor force growth in the past few years, this pattern was even more dramatic in, when they accounted for twothirds of the expansion in both labor force and employment. Nonfarm payroll employment also increased by more than million in. The serviceproducing sector accounted for more than threequarters of the overall gain. Manufacturing employment showed little overtheyear growth, while, employment increases were strong in construction and mining as well as in several of the serviceproducing industries.

11 Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Labor Force Series Robert J.Mclntire At the end of each calendar year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics revises the seasonal adjustment factors for employment, unemployment, and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (OPS). The inclusion of more recent data provides improved estimates of seasonality for the period revised. This year's revisions reflect data through December and also introduce two notable improvements in the seasonal adjustment methodology the use of ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) models and a 6month updating cycle for seasonal factors. Revised data for many of the major seasonally adjusted labor force series were published in the news release on ih& December employment situation, issued on January (USDL 80). Data for the 3 most recent months and quarters for many more of the revised series appear in this issue of Employment and EarningsAn addition, this issue provides the new seasonal factors for the first 6 months of 980 for the component series used in the computation of the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rate. The factors for the last 6 months of 980 will be estimated in early July based on data through June 980, and will be published in the July issue of this publication. Next month's issue will contain the historical revisions covering the period for a few hundred of the most demanded labor force series. These revised data replace the revisions published in the February issue for the years 975 and replace the seasonally adjusted estimates for published during the past year. Seasonally adjusted data for 974 and previous years were not subject to further revision. The combined effects of Including the data and introducing the new methodology led to only minor revisions in most labor force series, particularly in the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rate during. As can be observed In table, the revised rate differs from the originally published rate by 0. percentage point In 3 months of and is identical in the other 9 months. Of course, the levels of employment and unemployment which underlie the rates differ in each of the months, but the differences are sufficiently small so that the effect on the unemployment rate, rounded to one decimal place, is minimal. Table. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates, January. February. March... April May... June July August.. September October. November December Month As published during As revised This value reflects use of the factors originally generated for December in last year's revision cycle. That is, it shows what the value would have been if those factors had actually been used. The published data for December incorporated this year's revision. The smoothing typically effected by successful seasonal adjustment Is noticeable in the revisions of the unemployment rate. The 3 months in which revised data differed from data originally published June, August, and October were those In which the rate had been furthest away from the average for ( percent). The revisions moved these months toward that average. It had seemed throughout the year that the labor force situation was stable in spite of the occasional slight ups and downs in the overall unemployment rate. The revised seasonally adjusted data help to confirm that analysis. * Robert J. Mclntire is an economist in the Office of Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 9

12 Table. Current seasonal adjustment factors for the major labor force components, JanuaryJune 980 Procedure and series January February March April May June Multiplicative Adjustment ivide factor into original value) Agricultural employment: Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Males, 69 years Females, 69 years \ Nonagricultural employment: Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Unemployment: Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Additive Adjustment (Subtract factor from original value) Nonagricultural employment: Males, 69 years Females, 69 years Unemployment: Males, 69 years Females, 69 years Adjustment methods and procedures For the past several years, the Census Bureau's X method has been used for seasonal adjustment of the labor force series. The new method used for the current revisions is an extension of the X method called X ARIMA. Its use for seasonal adjustment of labor force data at BLS is consistent with the recommendations in the recent final report of the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics. 3 The BLS has run extensive tests with the X ARIMA method in preparation for this year's revisions. These tests have indicated that X ARIMA performs current adjustment with significantly less errol than the X alone. The principal meaning of "significantly Jess error" in this context is that the initial seasonally adjusted estimates are closer to later intermediate and final revised estimates with X ARIMA than with X alone. Because ARIMA models are used to extend the data series and because of the nature of the moving averages used in the X part of the process, the most significant differences between the results of the two methods tend to occur in the last 6 months of the actual data series and in the seasonal factors projected for the subsequent months. This tendency Is particularly marked (and valuable) when a turning point In a series occurs during the last6 months^ Differences in historical revisions tend to become relatively smaller as one moves back in time through the period revised. The differences! between the methods may also be small during] recent months if the series during that period follow The X method is described In X7 Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, by Julius Shiskin, Alan Young, and John Musgrave (Technical Paper No. 5, Bureau of the Census, 967). The X ARIMA program was developed by the Seasonal Adjustment and Time Series Staff of Statistics Canada, under the direction of Estela Bee Dagum. Ms. Dagum and her staff have been very helpful to BLS In the conversion to X ARIMA. The method is described in The X ARIMA Seasonal Adjustment Method, by Estela Bee Dagum (Statistics Canada Catalogue No. 564E, September ). 3 National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Counting the Labor Force (Washington, D.C., ). 0

13 a fairly stable pattern, as was the case for the major labor force components in. For example the officially revised overall unemployment rates for the months of are identical to what the revised results would have been even under the old method of seasonal adjustment using X alone, since the differences between the results for the underlying levels of employment and unemployment are fairly small. The X ARIMA method provides improved current estimates by allowing recent observations, especially the last 6 months, to weigh more heavily in the estimates of current and recent seasonal factors than was the case with the X alone. The method provides this improvement through the use of ARIMA models to extend the data series by months at each end. The availability of ARIMAprojected values for 980 for the seasonal adjustment estimation process at the end of is the key to improved current estimates. ARIMA projections are based only on the past experience observed in a series itself. ARIMA models have proven to have good properties for projecting or extrapolating a large class of time series, particularly in a seasonal adjustment context, since the.extrapolations tend to track intrayear movements quite well. The ARIMA models in the X ARIMA program used to seasonally adjust the labor force series are of the Box and Jenkins type. 4 They can generally be described with the notation where: (p,d,q)(p,d,q) TRANSFORMATION p is the number of regular (nonseasonal) autoregressive parameters () d is the number of regular differences (3) q is the number of regular moving average parameters (4) P is the number of seasonal autoregressive parameters (5) D is the number of seasonal differences (6) Q is the number of seasonal moving average parameters (7) TRANSFORMATION may be NONE, LOG, or POWER(n). While the lettered elements within the paren? theses of the model specifications can theoretically take on many values, in practice only the values 0,, or tend to be useful, which still leaves quite a few possible combinations. For each labor force series which has been extended based on an ARIMA model, the model has been specifically chosen from the possible combinations as well suited to the particular series, based on a set of established criteria. A model which meets those criteria essentially: fits the series well; () has low average forecasting errors in the last 3 years prior to the projected year; and (3) produces residuals (the differences between the observed values and the values forecast by the model) which follow a basically random pattern. ARIMA models have been identified for 54 of the labor force series which were directly seasonally adjusted at the end of, including all major labor force components, the models for which are identified in table 3. The remaining 68 series for which models have not yet been identified were simply adjusted with the X part of the program only, the same way they have been adjusted in the past. The BLS will pursue an ongoing program of testing and evaluation of ARIMA models for all series, plus any series that may be subsequently selected for seasonal adjustment. Table 3. ARIMA models for the major labor force components, 980 Series Agricultural employment: Males, 0 years and over... Females, 0 years and over.. Males, 69 years Females, 69 years Nonagricultural employment: Males, 0 years and over... Females, 0 years and over.. Males, 69 years Females, 69 years Unemploy ment: Males, 0 years and over... Females, 0 years and over.. Males, 69 years Females, 69 years Model (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (,0,X0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (0,,) (,0,) (0,,) Transformation NONE LOG NONE NONE LOG LOG NONE NONE LOG LOG NONE LOG The procedures used for adjusting the labor force series within the X part of the process are the same as those followed for the last years. The X method assumes that the original series is either the product or the sum of three 4 This presentation provides readers with some insigtit into the models identified for the major components shown in table 3. For more detailed discussion of ARIMA models, refer to the previously cited Dagum () and to: Box and Jenkins, Time Series Analysis Forecasting and Controi (San Francisco, Holden Day 970); Granger and Newbold, Forecasting Economic Time Series (New York, Academic Press, 977).

14 components trendcycle, seasonal and irregular. The method uses a ratiotomovingaverage approach to estimate the components. The seasonally adjusted series are computed by dividing each month's original value by the corresponding seasonal factor if the multiplicative model was specified or by subtracting that factor from the original value if the additive model was specified. Of the major labor force components, the 4 teenage unemployment and nonagricultural employment components were adjusted using the additive adjustment model, and the others were adjusted with the multiplicative model. Of all adjusted series, 39 series, primarily involving teenage employment and unemployment, were adjusted with the additive model. As with the ARIMA models, the selection of these seasonal adjustment models is subject to an ongoing program of testing and evaluation. To correct for the effects of the sudden large rise in adult male unemployment which occurred around the end of 974, a "prior adjustment" to the major component series for unemployed men 0 years and over was introduced years ago and is retained in the current procedures. It was discussed in some detail in the February issue of Employment and Earnings. This adjustment is carried out after ARIMA extrapolation but before actual seasonal adjustment by multiplying all values of the extended series prior to November 974 by a constant of. While this adjustment has a negligible effect on current factors and recent revisions, it still has significant impact on the earliest years being revised, particularly 975 and 976. For most of the directly adjusted labor force series, the new seasonally adjusted estimates are based on data for the period January 967 through December. Some of the adjusted series, however, are not available as far back in time. In those cases, the span of available data was used. Aggregation procedures The BLS maintains and publishes several hundred seasonally adjusted labor force time series in addition to the directly adjusted series discussed above. These additional series are produced by arithmetically combining or aggregating the directly adjusted series. For example, the seasonally adjusted levels of total unemployment, employment, and civilian labor force, and the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate, are all produced by aggregation of the seasonally adjusted results for the major labor force component series. The seasonally adjusted level of total unemployment is the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of unemployment for the 4 sexage groups men and women 69, and men and women 0 years and over. Seasonally adjusted employment is the sum of the seasonally adjusted levels of employment for 8 sexageindustry groups men and women 69, and men and women 0 years and over, employed in nonagricultural and agricultural industries. The seasonally adjusted civilian labor force is the sum of all components. Finally, the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rate is calculated by taking the total seasonally adjusted unemployment level as a percent of the total seasonally adjusted civilian labor force. Alternative seasonal adjustment procedures Research continues at BLS and elsewhere on further ways to improve the procedures for seasonally adjusting important economic time series. One of the potential ways which has been seriously considered is concurrent adjustment, which involves adjusting the data series each month as the latest observations become available. It has the advantage of incorporating all of the known actual behavior of the series into the computation of each month's factors, as opposed to using extrapolated or projected factors as in the new and old official procedures. However, the concurrent approach also has some disadvantages, the principal one being that seasonal factors cannot be published in advance. Since the BLS perceives that prior publication of factors enhances public confidence in the data and is important to users of the labor force data, this disadvantage is presently viewed as outweighing the potential technical advantages of concurrent adjustment and makes this approach less desirable as an official procedure than the new 6month fac' tor updating cycle being initiated this year. This 6month cycle will produce better factors for the last 6 months of the year than the old month cycle would have, since the computation of those factors reflects more of the actual behavior of the series and it also still allows prior publication of factors. The BLS does compute several unofficial seasonally adjusted unemployment rate series based on alternate approaches, including concurrent adjustment with X ARIMA. These alternative rates are issued in a table which is released monthly with the testimony of the BLS Commissioner to the Joint Economic Committee.

15 Availability of revised series Data for any of the several hundred seasonally adjusted labor force series may be obtained from the BLS upon request. Inquiries should be addressed to the Division of Employment and Unemployment Analysis, Office of Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 0. These series and many more are maintained in the BLS data bank known as LABSTAT, from which series may be extracted in machine readable form. Labor force series in LABSTAT are updated monthly, and the seasonally adjusted revisions are incorporated annually at the time of their release. Inquiries concerning machinereadable files of labor force data or the seasonal adjustment methodology discussed in this article should be addressed to the Data Services Group, Office of Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, D.C. 0. 3

16 CHARTS Page. Labor force and employment Major unemployment indicators, Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age, employment by sex and age, Employmentpopulation ratios by sex and age, Payroll employment in goodsand serviceproducing industries, Nonagricultural payroll employment by industry, Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries, Employment in nonfarm occupations, Unemployment rates by sex and age, Unemployment rates by race, Unemployment rates by major occupational groups, Duration of unemployment, Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries, Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries, private gross and spendable weekly earnings, Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, THOUSANDS i itvtnn Chart. Labor force and employment (Seasonally adjusted) THOUSANDS nnnn J r' ht J Civilian ibor force ^ em >toyment y s* S y y / y To allab >r for< / > P y" S / c '/ '/ / / ^Norlagricijltural emplc yment ? SOURCE: Table A33. 4

17 PERCENT Chart. Major unemployment indicators (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT n n c n c n t).u if I A AMI vwvy \ V VI < Unemployment rate,, both sexes, 5 years and o\ er Unernployment rate, I full t me workers I A / Jnem iloyment ra all civilian work*"4 r\j I I /I '% \y V A A VV V V I j A Uner nployrm\nent i job ate. Dsers \r * V**V N! JLU. 0.0 ' igsa SOURCE: Tables A 36, A38, and A PERCENT Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex and age (Seasonally adjusted) ~ZT, 0 years and over PERCENT all wo Females, 0 years and over M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I M I I I M I I M I II I I M I I I M I M I I M I ll I M M I I I M I I M I II I I I I I I I II S SOURCE: Table A 33. 5

18 Chart 4. employment by sex and age (Seasonally adjusted) THOUSANDS cnnnn THOUSANDS Mai as. 0 year s and over > Females, 0 years and over 3500 jnnnn it y *^nnnn 7500 *' 7500 ocrnnn y pqnnn,,w 0000 V W Bot n sex 8,6 9 y Bars ****** ^ ^ " ^ ocnn SOURCE: Table A33. 6

19 PERCENT 8 Chart 5. Employment population ratios by sex and age (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT Males, 0 years and over , all worke Both sexes 69 ye I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I3Q SOURCE: Table A33. RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS ( Chart 6. Payroll employment in goodsand serviceproducing Industrie, s (Seasonally adjusted) RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS ftnnnn Tota nonagricul ural payroll emplc>ymen ***** ' ^** * ^ S arvice produ cing indust ries "!.«"*"*"* Qoodi prodijcing ^ ndusi ries \ *^~> 0000 « NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Table B4 7

20 Chart 7. Nonagricuttural payroll employment by industry (SeasonaMy adjusted) RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS 5000 RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS State and local government 5000 I I M I n I I M ±JUl ^ RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS 5500 RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS i ransportatk m anc publlc utili tea ^ > Constructk y A r V* ' "r r VN Finance, inaui«nce, and re alestate A f i : edeni gov< irnment 500 w*** ' RATIO SCALE TriOUSANDS RATIO SCALE THOUS/NDS /V Mining ' '»' l l l I l M I i I n i I i n I I I i I M I i i I I I I * 973 9* NOTE: Data for two most recant months are prahminarv. SOURCE: Table B4. 8

21 Chart 8. Persons at work full and part time in nonagricultural industries (Seasonally adjusted) THOUSANDS Fulltime schedules THOUSANDS J y ; V / / n / pnno THOUSANDS Parttime schedules THOUSANDS At nt /vr Wo rkers on vo untanrparttime J chedi A/ f J "IT f ft f V \ f J Wo rkers on parttime fore :onorrlie ref sons,., SOURCE: TabteA4. 9

22 Chart 9. Employment in nonfarm occupations RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS {Seasonally adjusted) Whitecollar workers RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS Clerical workers. Professional t+tn and technical workers Managers and administrators except farm RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS 5000 Bluecollar workers RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Nonfarm laborers Vv 3000 Transport equipment operatives RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS 4000 Service workers RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS r /Vv J V* ww NOTE: Two breaks in series occurred in 97 stemming from the reclawification of occupations introduced in January and from a questionnaire change concerning "major activity" introduced in December. See "Changes in occupational classification system" in the Explanatory Notes. SOURCE: Table A4. 0

23 PERCENT Chart 0. Unemployment rates by sex and age (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT Females, 0 years and over A V/W A 7 Males, 0 years and over" 0.0 *» i I i i i I i SOURCE: Table A36. PERCENT 0.0 Chart. Unemployment rates by race (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT * V /B,ac. i and other hite RATIO o Ratio of black to white unemployment rate 0.0 RATIO SOURCE: Table A35.

24 Chart. Unemployment rates by major occupational groups (Seasonally adjusted) PERCENT 0.0 PERCENT 0.0 Whitecollar workers 7 7 Professional and technical workers. 0.0 I PERCENT I I I IT Bluecollar workers r PERCENT I PERCENT CO J \ V A,\,4 A *Ai s,v Servic y Ser orker r/n ivor/ re/s r v^ V Firm worker s J II ' V y 4 V V SOURCE: Tabte A36. PERCENT

25 Chart 3. Duration of unemployment (Seasonally adjusted) RATIO SCALE THOUSANDS Number of workers unemployed 00 I I I M M I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ll C Percent of civilian labor force WEEKS S Average duration of unemployment 0.0 WEEKS p0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l l I II ^4 9? SOURCE: Table A37. 3

26 Chart 4. Average weekly hours in nonagricultural industries (Seasonally adjusted) HOURS / J w J Vlanufacturi WK T< tal pr vate establishments' \V ^^ "\r~, p HOURS ' " HOURS Overtime hours in manufacturing HOURS \ Y\ o.o Li 'Annual averages prior to 964. NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Table C7. DOLLARS Chart 5. Average weekly earnings in nonagricultural industries (Seasonally adjusted) DOLLARS j / / / t/ / < < / , / / Ma lufart jring y ^ ^ Tot privite es tablisr ment 0 0 * I i i i I i i i i i i i i i i i i i i. i i. i i i i i i i i i i i i i Annual averages prior to NOTE: Data for two most recent months are preliminary. SOURCE: Tables C7 and C 9.

27 DOLLARS Chart 6. private gross and spendable weekly earnings (Seasonally adjusted) DOLLARS ross arnings in current dollars v ,' Spendable earnings ' in current dollars Gross earnings n 967 dolla 00.Op 70 Spendable earnings in 967 dollars Married worker with three dependents. NOTE: Data prior to 964 are annual averages. Data for current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Table C9. 70 PER 00 EMPLOYEES 7 Chart 7. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing (Seasonally adjusted) PER 00 EMPLOYEES 7 x* PER 00 EMPLOYEES PER 00 EMPLOYEES H,'V V A/V>S > J Qu ^.ayoff S A v'"\ w v \ \ i r /VAv / ^ ' w ? NOTE: Data for current month are preliminary. SOURCE: Table D 3. 5

28 HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL A. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years and over,947 to date [Number* in thousands] Civilian labor force Y M T and month Tom noniniti labor foroi off population Agriculture TOTAL * ' * 973 * ,48 04,57 05,6 06,645 07,7 08,83 0,60,67,73 3,8 5,065 6,363 7,88 9,759,343,98 5,54 7,4 9,36 3,80 33,39 35,56 37,84 40,8 4,596 45,775 43,63 50,87 53,449 56,048 58,559 6,058 63,60 60,94 6,080 6,903 63,858 65,7 65,730 66,560 66,993 68,07 69,409 69,79 70,75 70,9 7,4 73,03 73,44 74,57 75,830 77,78 78,893 80,793 8,7 84,40 85,903 86,99 88,99 9,040 93,40 94,793 96,97 99,534 0,537 04, ,350 60,6 6,86 6,08 6,07 6,38 63,05 63,643 65,03 66,55 6o,99 67,639 68,369 69,68 70,459 70,64 7,833 73,09 74,455 75,770 77, ,737 GO,734 8,75 84, 3 36,54 88,74 9,0 9,b3 94,773 97,40 00,40 0, ,038 58,343 57,65 58,98 59,96 60,50 6,79 60,09 6,70 63,799 64,07 63,036 64,630 65,778 65,746 66,70 67,76 69,305 7,088 7, ,37 75,90 77,90 78,67 79,0 3,70 84,409 85,935 84,783 87,485 90,546 94,373 96,945 7,890 7,69 7,653 7,60 6,76 6,500 6,60 6,05 6,450 6,83 5,947 5,586 5,565 5,458 5,00 4,944 4,687 4,53 4,36 3,979 3,844 3,87 3,606 3,46 3,387 3,47 3,45 3,49 3,380 3,97 3,44 3,34 3,97 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 49, 48 50,74 49,993 5,758 53,35 53,749 54,99 53,904 55,7 57, 54 58, 3 57,450 59,065 60,38 60,546 6,759 63,076 64,78 66,76 68,95 70,57 7,03 74,96 75,65 75,73 78,30 80,957 8, 443 8,403 84,88 87,30 9,03 93,648, 3,76 3,637 3, 8,055,383,834 3,53,85i, 750,859 4,60 3,740 3,85 4, 74 3,9 4,070 3,786 3,366,875,975,87,33 4,088 4, 993 4, 84C 4,304 5,076 7,830 7, 88 6, 855 6,047 5,963 5,9 6 6 e.b ,477 4,447 4,708 4,737 4,604 43,093 44,04 44,678 44,660 44,40 45,336 46,088 46,960 47,67 48,3 49,539 50,583 5,394 5,058 5,88 5,57 53,9 53,60 54,80 55,666 56,785 57, 57,587 58,655 59,30 59,05 58,5 58,63 : December.. : 6,50 03, ,85 95,83 3,375 9,456 5, ,37 January... February.. March April May June July August... September. October... November.. December.. 6,448 6,633 6,909 63,008 63,60 63,469 63,685 63,89 64,06 64,468 64,68 64,898 04,55 04,473 04,595 04,80 04,476 04,55 05,75 05,8 05,586 05,688 05,744 06, v) ,06 0,379 0,505 0,98 0,398 0,476 03,093 03, 3 03, ,595 03,65 03,999 96, 57 96,496 96,63 96,54 96,495 96,65 97,84 97,004 97,504 97,474 97,608 97,9 3,60 3,307 3,30 3,5 3,46 3,43 3,67 3,35 3,364 3,94 3,385 3,359 9,8S7 93,89 93,303 93,039 93,49 93,409 93,S7 93,689 34,40 94, ibo 94,3 54,553 5, 904 5,883 5,88 5,944 5,903 5,3 4 5,90S 6, 4 5,990 6, 6,044 6, S 53,9 58,60 53,34 58,78 58,734 53,97 58,5 58,673 58,59 53,780 58,937 58,80 Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under the Household Data section of the Explanatory Notes. 3 Because seasonality, by definition, does not exist in population figures, data for "total noninstitutional population" are not seasonally adjusted. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. Sea article on page 9. 6

29 A. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years and over by sex, 967 to date HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL [Numbers in thousands] labor force Civilian labor force Ytar, month, and wx noninstitutional population Number Employed Percent of population Agriculture Nooagn cultural industries Number Unemployed Percent of labor force ill Annual averages MALES * 64,36 6 5, ,365 67,409 68,5 69,864 7,0 0 7,53 73,494 74, ,98 77, ,397 5,398 53,030 53,688 54,343 54,797 55,67 56,479 57,349 57,70b 56,397 59, ,535 6, d 48,987 49,533 50, 5, 95 5,0 53,6 5 54,03 55, 86 55,65 56,359 57,449 58,54 59,5 7 47,479 48,4 48,88 48,960 49,45 50,630 5,9 63 5,58 5,30 5,39 53,86 55,49 56,499 3,64 3,57,963,86,790,839,833,900,80,76,639,68,645 44,35 44,957 45,655 46,099 46,455 47,79 49, 30 49,68 48,49 49,675 5, 5,80 53,854,508,49,403,35,77 6,635,4 0,668 4,385 3,968 3,588 3 r05 3, ,99,35,677 3,066 3,75 4,93 4,54 4,904 5,788 6,34 6,54 6,634 6,93 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted 3 : December.. 77,746 6, , 56,087,686 53,40 3,035 6,645 : January... February.. March April May... July August... September. October... November.. December.. 77,339 77,96 73,058 78,05 73,5 78,33 73,47 73,55 78,6 7 78,805 78,906 73,009 6,36 6,397 6,376 6,40 6,57 6,3 6,540 6,437 6,75 9 6,6 75 6,65 6, b. 59,33 59,434 59,4 59,93 59,3 3 59,370 59, ,49 59,8 59,77 59, ,b3 56,36 56,476 56, ,94 56,37 56,477 56,570 56,408 56,74 56,69 56,580 56,734,609,655,656,593,608,600,64,650,677,666,76,74 53,77 53,8 53, ,70 53,764 53,877 53, ,758 54,037 53,963 53,664 54,00,997,958,97,999,94,893 3, 07 3, 083 3,098 3,098 3,4 3, 089 6,553 H,59 6,68 6,865 6,968 7,0 6,887 7,033 6,867 7,30 7,55 7,47 FEMALES Annual averages H ,003 70,7 7,476 7, , ,3 77rU 78, ,954 8,3 09 3, ,390 35,3 8,3^5 9, '4 30,55 3,560 3,3 33,30 34,56 35,8 9 37,087 38,5 0 40,0 67 4,00 4 3, ,360 9,04 30,53 3,50 3,09 33, 77 34,50 35,35 36,993 38,«>4 39,95 4,878 43,39 6,693 7,607 9,084 9,667 9,875 3,07 3,446 33,47 3 3, ,095 36,685 38,88 40, , 7, 47 8,44 9,066 9,77 30,439 3, 67 3,85 3,973 34,53 35, , 39, 794,468,397, 49,853, 7,05,064,408 3,445 3,3 0 3,67,996, ,608 40,976 40,94 4,4 4,95 4,59 4,68 4,683 4,863 4,789 4,50 4,887 4,69 Monthly data, seasonally adjusted : December.. 84,504 4,6 50 4, , ,055, ,68 : January.. February.. March April May July August... September. October... November.. December.. 3^,606 84,707 84,85 8u,903 85, , 45 35, , ,479 85,663 85,775 85,88 9 4,870 43,077 43,0 43, , 0 43,4 43, ,78 43,d7 44,03 44, , M ,7 38 4, ,0'd4 4,905 43, ,0b 43,6 43, ,6 8 43,8b8 43,948 44, 76 39,83 4 0,0 0 40,74 39, , 3 40,75 40,6*4 40,59 6 4C, ,845 4,08 4, ,bO 39,368 39,5 0 39,333 39, tj85 39, , S6 39,S3 40,03 40,7 40,359 40,533,907,95,90, 945, 96,93, 88 3, 04,69 3,0,9C, C e 6 6 4,739 4,63 4,63 4,863 4,85 4,905 4,64 4,585 4,65 4,65 4,683 4,563 Sea footnote. table A. See footnote, table A, NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 7 Digitized for FRASER

30 HOUSEHOLD DATA A3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race (Numbers in thousands] December labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Sex, age, and race Unemployed Percent of population Employed of labor Keeping house Going MALES 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years. 0 to 64 years 0 to 4 years.. 5 to 54 years.. 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 64 years.. 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over.. 65 to 69 years.. 70 years and over 6,35 8,476 5,030,05 3,06 54,46 8,863 38,453 8,675 7,977 6,45 5,34b 5,009 5,0 7, 4,396,75,694, b ,4 7,87 4,745,996,749 5,77 8, 3 37,53 3,35 7,77 6, 36 5,6 4,979 5,04 7,0 4,395,75,894, ,35 6,7 3,990,65,365 50,495 7,35 36,5 7,9 7,440 6,0 5,0 4,864 4,866 6,98 4,93,635,840, ,087, ,77 780, ,6 7,658 4,8 3,384, 3,53 6,43,45, , ,760 7,843,70 5, ,59 3,780 3, 09,03,076,46, S , , , ,595 37, ,33 675,458 7,3, 4 4,69 White 6 years and over... 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 54,53 7,495 4,50,843, ,04 7,008 4,69,83,46 50,584 6,37 3,678,55,63, ,995 3,8,6, ,578,95,39,56 33, , to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years to 44 years to 54 years... 48,37 7,b8 34,6 4,69 0,478 8, ,0 7,3 3 3,38 4,09 0,4y 8,93 45,45 6,59 J, 366 3,689 9,959 8,78, , ,35, 74, , C , to 64 years 55 to 59 years to 64 years years and over 6,50 4,0 4,495, ,509 4,03,495,704 6,350 3,97,43, , ,56 7, , ,307 6,45 Black and other 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years... 6, , , J , , to 64 years 0 to 4 years.. 5 to 54 years.. 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years.. 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over. 6, 0, 3 4,36,9 60,93, , ,75,000 4, 50,833,46, ,5 83 3,849,663,73, ,

31 HOUSEHOLD DATA A3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race Continued [Numbers in thousands] December labor f oroa Civilian labor fore* Not in labor foroa Sex. age, and race Going FEMALES 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over 44,6 7,98 4,44,85,6 6 39,04 7,05 7,5 6,3 5,44 4,683 3,84 3,565 3,497 4,667,904,763, ,47 7,39 4,44,83,59 38,900 7,03 7,0 6,88 5,43 4,680 3,84 3,564 3,497 4,667,904,763, ,7 6,3 3,769,537,3 36,85 6,387 5,905 5,86 5,4 4,4 5 3,697 3,399 3,393 4,58,87,70, , , , ,67 5,4 3,78, 86,596 4,757 3,96 5,6 3, 0 3,04,345,088,8,5 6,335,998 3,336,78 4,053 8,676 3,768, ,355,054 3,8,765,604,64,9,98,4 5,489,683,806 9,853 3,38 6,473 4,35 3,66,984,95,03, C , , , ,90 569,7 White 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 36,608 6,340 3,943,643,300 33,645 6,35 3,338 9,879 7,300 6,59 4,7,5S,56, ,495 6,96 3,94,64,8 33,55 6,080 3,300 S,S45 7,97 6,58 4, 7,59,58,00 36,40 5,608 3,4 35,45,00 3,98 5,56,305 9,373 7,00 5,930 4,050,54, , , ,4 4, 4,96,7,49,6,56S 3,349 5,366 3,90 4,08 5,703,690 3,03,558 8,45, ,903,667,03 4,93 3,600 3,689 5,033,449,584 9,085 3,438,876,339,5 88, , , ,008 Black and other 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 6, , ,94 #78b, , , ,90,775, , , ,604,595, ,6, ,36 66, oO ,70 3, ,45 387, U C

32 HOUSEHOLD DATA A4. Labor fore* by s#x, age. and race labor forot Civilian labor force Participation ratm Thoussnds of persons Participation rates Dec 6 yaars and ovar. 6to9yaars. 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 60,67 5,048,08 3,030 6,35 5,030,05 3, ,69 4,757,996,76 59,4 4,745,996, to34years. 6toS4years. 6 to 34 years 36 to 44 yaars 46 to 54 yaars 8,76 37,757 6,6,434 0,6 8,863 38,453 6,653,77 0, S ,00 36,8 5,547,5 0, 8, 3 37,53 6,04,496 9, S to64years. 56 to 69 years tttomyaars 66 yaars and ovar 7,6 4,397,76 4,94 4 7, 4,396,75, , 60 4,396, 76 4,944 7, 0 4,395,75, To y^mfs AVKI OVftf 6 to 9 yaars. 6 to 7 yaars 8 to 9 yaars 53,936 4,47,36,645 54,53 4,50,843,65S ,34 7 4,4,808,434 53,04 4,89,88,46 78, to 34 yaars. 5to64yaars. 5 to 34 yaars 36 to 44 yaars 46 to 64 yaars 7,60 33,609 4,308 0,06 9,095 7,68 34,6 4,69 0,473 8, ,05 3,937 3,809 9,968 9,060 7,3 33,36 4,09 0,4S 8 S b to 64 yaars. 66 to 59 yaars 60 to 64 yaars 65 yaars and ovar 6,509 3,99 6,5,745 6,50 4,04,495, ,507 3,995,5,745 6,509 4,03,495, yaars and ovar. 6 to 9 years. 6 to 7 yaars 8 to 9 years 6, , , ,3S to4years. 6to54years. 36 to 34 years 36 to 44 yaars yaars, 59 4,48,853,8,067,3 4,36,960,93, SO d ,985,738, 83,063,000 4,50, 833,48, b. 56 to 64 years. 56 to 69 yaars 6Q to 64 yaars 66 yaars and ovar S C J 7 6 o3. a

33 HOUSEHOLD DATA A4. Labor force by sex, age, and race Continued tabor forea Sax, age. and i Participation ratas Bee. Bee. FEMALES 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 43,069 4,446,864,58 44,6 4,44,85, ,940 4,46,863,56 44,47 4,44,83, to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 7,09 5,890,07 7,886 5,93 7,05 7,5,665 8,56 7, ,95 5,849,035 7,883 6,93 7,03 7,0,69 8,5 7, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over, 4,578,860,78,35 4,667,904,763, ,578,860,78,35 4,667,904,763, White 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 37,3 3,960,69,69 38,608 3,943,643, ,09 3,943,690,54 38,495 3,94,64, to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 6,036,0 9,46 6,736 6,05 6,35 3,338 9,879 7,300 6, ,983,70 9,388 6,733 6,050 6,080 3,300 9,845 7,97 6, to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 4,06,57,536,006 4,7,59,53, ,06,57,536,006 4,7,59,58, Black and other 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 5, , , , to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 983 3,688,656, ,S4,786, ,679,648, ,90,775, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over S C

34 HOUSEHOLD DATA A5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age [Numbers in thousand] December Civilian labor fora Sex and age Employed Agriculture cultural industries Percent of TOTAL 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 J.o 7 years... 8 to 9 years... 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years to 44 years.., 45 to 54 years.. 0, ,656 6,76 3,005,094,66 9, ,36 6,3,695,958, , ,304 6,065,64,905,58 f ,749, , to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 years and over Q ,7 Males 6 years and over 6to 9years... 6 to 7 years.. 8 to 9 years.. 0 to 4 years... 5to54years... 5 to 34 years.. 35 to 44 years.. 45 to 54 years.. 5, ,490,50, , ,, , ,08, S , to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 years and over.. b Females 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years.. 8 to 9 years.. 5, G 67 4, , , to 4 years 5 to 54 years... 5 to 34 years.. 35 to 44 years.. 45 to 54 years ,7,485, ,0, ,984, C C 555, to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years.. 65 years and over ,043 NOTE: According to the 970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group. 3

35 HOUSEHOLD DATA A6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Both sexes, 69 years Employment status and race Lee. TOTAL noninstitutional population labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricuttural industries... Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 6,50 03, ,63 95,506,990 9,96 5,75 58,50 64,898 05, ,884 98,047, ,05 5, ,95 69,88 55, ,935 5,73,50 49,463, 4. 3,665 70,594 56, ,666 5,3 35,9 50,043,33 4,74 76,7 38, ,54 36, ,978, ,605 77,666 40, ,057 37, ,487, 04 37,4o5 6,734 S,4S4 56 9,83 7, ,4 75,447 7,35 6,638 9, , 60 7, ,5,40 7,66 White noninstitutional population labor force Percent of population... Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries. Unemployed Percent of labor force... Not in labor force 4, 98 9, ,556 85, 33, ,443 4,4 50,95 44,67 93, ,509 66,993,709 c4, 84 4,56 5,36 6,35 49, , 05 46,37,993 44,378,734,886 6, , ,75 46,906,060 44,846,89,383 6b,7 33,35 50.C 33,66 3,7G 45 3,50,564 33,36 67,844 34, ,57 3, ,548,597 33,79 4,35,4 5S 8, 65 7,06 46 c,65, 4 5,704 4,09 8, ,3 7, 3 6,390,00 5,574 Black and other noninstitutional populatfon... labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 0,05,49 6,07 6 0, ,473, ,559 0,63,84 6,37 4,054 o6 0,768,3 0 7,789 7, , ,830 5, , ,780 8, S 6, ,94 5,49 3 5, ,89 S,56 5,7 5 5,48 4, ,76 4S3 9 4,44 9,8 5,56 5 5,4S6 4, , ,306,598,06 4C.S S C 3 3,,535,6 8, ,59 33

36 HOUSEHOLD DATA A7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years of age by race and sex [Numbers in thousands] December Employment status Black and other Both sexes Both sexes TOTAL noninstitutional population labor force Percent of population 5,4 5,674 6,704 8,476 66,438 7,98 57,4 3, ,777 7, ,464 6, ,90, , , Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work Percent of labor force Not in labor force 4,966,936 38,555,030, ,468 7,87 6,7 33 6,39, ,8 7,39 6,3 50 6, ,4 3,304, ,39, ,406 7,008 6, , ,8 6, 96 5, , r 4,66,9 8, ,G ,7 Major activity: going to school Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work Percent of labor force Not in labor force 4,605 3,86 3 3, ,406,364,95 09, ,780,4,874 4, ,66 4,90 3,59 9 3, ,89,96,863 05, ,95,994,78 4, , , C Major activity: other Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagriculatural industries Unemployed Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work Percent of labor force Not in labor force 0,360 9,0 58 8,85,5,34 6.,06 5,463 4,77 4, ,897 4, , ,65 9,4 8, , ,578 4,8 4,74 0 4, ,30 3, , ,48,

37 HOUSEHOLD DATA A8. Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race [Numbers in thousands] December Fulltime labor force Parttime tabor fore* Race, sex. and age (looking for fulltime work) (looking for pert time work) Parent of full time labor force on voluntary pert time' Percent of parttime TOTAL Both sexes, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 87,49 8,887 a,83 b49 3,634 83,09,887 70,3 58,437,885 79,497 6,993 3, 70 46,755 76,37 0,97 65,356 54,46, 3, , ,385, ,48, ,797,6,58, ,39 6,079 4,876 3, 70,707,55,77 9,38 6,95,943 5,037 5,45 4,6,653,508 0, 876,069 8,807 5,963,85, Males, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 54,096 4,906,366 5,730 7,85 44,544 36,768 7,777 49,939 3,97,80 48,38 6,4 4,04 34,666 7,348, , , , ,5 70,45, ,35,9,379,937 S47, ,7 4,763,499,006, , , 5S Females, 6 years and over.. 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 33,396 3,980,97 3,479 5,70 5,777,6 70 4, 07 9,558 3,076,369 8, 88 4,847 3,34 9,579 3,76, , ,306,077 9, ,645 56, 30, ,076 3,58,498 8,578,330 7,48 5,53,77 0,74,746, 55 8, IIS,0 6, 9S 5,53, White Males, 6 years and over to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 48,5 4,J36,07 46,08 6,86 39,8 3,73 7,0 44,53 3,563,653 43,60 5,46 37,798 3,035 6,763, , , ,66 530, ,799,67, 8,67 846,77 668,03 4,333,30,874,46C 773,687 64, Females, 6 years and over. 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 8,444 3,456,684 6,760 4,883,876 8, 78 3, 698 5,477,738,37 4,40 4,4 9,997 6,575 3,4, ,39 8, , , ,05,840,40 7,8,97 6,65 5,,493 9,40,537,987 7,45, 03 6,33 4,865, Black and other Males, 6 years and over... 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 5, ,6 8S9 4,7 3 4, , , ,6 3, ,4 7.3 Females, 6 years and over. 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 4, , ,900 3, , , ,344 3, , U Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full and parttime employed categories. 35

38 HOUSEHOLD DATA A9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship [Numbers in thousands] December Civilian labor force Not in labor force Family relationship Percent of population Employed Number Unemployed Percent of labor force Keeping house Going to Unable to work Other reasons 6 years and over 03, ,047 5,836 58,95 3,97 8,88,787 5,06 Husbands With emdloved wife With unemployed wife With wife not in labor force Wives With employed husband With unemployed husband Relatives in husbandwife families 69 years. 04 years 5 years and over Relatives in femaleheaded families 69 years 04 years Persons not living in families 40,96,45,030 6,790 4,40,80 643,957 3,83 6,393 4,74,679 5,90 4,5,43,60,578 5, ,784 0, ,340 3,30 0, ,895,36 5,53 4,58,447 4,768 3,53,058,04,449 4,48, , , ,577, ,08 3,899 6, ,08 9,03 5,065,750,98 3,46 3,389,455 53,4 9, ,99 5, ,54, , , ,00 4,68, ,550, , ,03, ,54, , ,07 Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head families. Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in secondary families. A0. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, age, and race Marital status, sex, age, and race Thousands of persons Unemployment rates Thousands of persons ym rates, 6 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) White, 6 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Black and other, 6 years and over.. Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married). 0 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 3,04,06 9 3,670, f ,49, ,087,64 37,595, , ,77, ,70, ,05, ,06, ,749, ,054, 085, ,075,C S White, 0 to 64 years of age,679,777,538,57 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Black and other, 0 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married)

39 A. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex HOUSEHOLDDATA Unemployment rates Thousands of persons Occupation Vec Eec. S78 D9C. 97 9, 6 years and over Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm. Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Carpenters and other construction craft All other Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Construction laborers All other Service workers Private household All other Farm workers No previous work experience 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5,75, , , ,836, , , , ) Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. A. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Unemployment rates Industry Percent distribution tec., 6 years and over Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical equipment... Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Automobiles Other transportation equipment Instruments and related products Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Rubber and'plastics products Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services All other service industries Agricultural wage and salary workers All other classes of workers No previous work experience S C a G Percent not shown where base is less than

40 HOUSEHOLD DATA A3. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race unemployed Main, 0 years Females, 0 years Both sexes. 6 to 9 years Black and other Rotson for lint rnploy nwnt UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL unemployed, in thousands. Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 5,75, ,744 87, ,836, ,85 74,607 70,, ,33 # # , , , , ,4,97 648,33 687, ,56,09 8, ,06 497, , PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYMENT RATE unemployment rate Job loser rate Job leaver rate Reentrant rate New entrant rate Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force. A4. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age [Percent distribution] December Reason, sex. and age unemployed Duration of unemployment Thousands of persons Less than 5 weeks, 6 years and over.. Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers New entrants 5,836, ,85 74, G Males, 0 years and over.., Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants,600 58, C 0 Females, 0 years and over, Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Rotntrsnts..*. New entrants ie Both sexes, 6 to 9 years, Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Fteentrants NGWontrsnts «.. * 38 7fi S 7 38

41 HOUSEHOLD DATA A5. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobseerch methods used, sex. age, end rece December Methods «Md a* paroant of total jobeaafcon Sex. aft. mi race To* job. 6 years and over.. 6to9years 0to4years 5 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 66 years and over Males, 6 years and over... 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 6 to 34 years 36 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 66 years and over Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over White, 6 years and over Males Females ; 5,836, , b 54,749 64b ,56,430,085 4,797,36, 3, , , ,66,859, d) d) S d) P) S 39. S C d) Back and other. 6 years and over Males Females, , Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 00 because many jobseekers use more than one method. A6. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment December Thousands of parsons Methods used as a percent of total jobseekars iob, 6 years and over Job losers lob leavers Reentrants New entrants Males, 6 years and over. Job losers Job leavers Reentrants Females, 6 years and over Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 5,836,794 74, ,087, , , ,797,87 734, ,43, , G , NOTE: See not*, table A5. 39

42 HOUSEHOLD DATA A7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment Full time workers Duration of unemployment Thousand* of parsons Pvfosnt distribution Thousands of parsons, 6 years and over... 5,75 5,836 4,30 4,48 Less than 5 weeks 5to 4 weeks 5 to 0 weeks to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over 7 to 5 weeks 5 weeks and over,553,05, 584, ,608,055, , ,794,534,6 4S ,8,648, , t Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks A8. Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status Sax, age, race, and marital status Thousands of persons Average (mean) duration, in weeks duration, in weeks Less than 5 weeks as a 5 weeks and over as a porcont of u no niploy6o percent of unemployed in group December, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 5,8 36,030,40,44, ,608, , C Males, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,087, , , d) S d) Females, 6 years and over 6 to years 8to 9 years 0 to 4 yean 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 64 y tan 55 to 64 years 65 years and over White, 6 years and over. Malts Females, ,56,430,085, ,8, 39 97S , M) G Black and other, 6 years and over.. Malts Ftmalts, ^ Malts, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married), 64 37, Females, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married),66 59, Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

43 A9. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job HOUSEHOLD DATA Occupation and industry Less than 5 weeks Thousands of persons 5 to 4 weeks 5 to 6 7 weeks weeks and over Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks Lest than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 5 weeks and over as a perdent of unemployed m group December OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and managerial Sales workers. Clerical workers, Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers,579 60, , S Service workers INDUSTRY Agriculture Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Public administration , ,, b S 4 4 3S includes wage and salary workers only A0. [In thousands] Employed persons by sex and age Age and type of industry 976 Eec. All industries 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years...,., 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 yean 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 66 years and over,906,73 6,3,605,68,099,5,35,496,44 #070,344,976 98,047 7,759 3,6 4,597 3, 740 6,5 6,3 9, 8 6,53,456 7,0 4, 336, ,668 3,955,585,369 7,37 35,53 9 4,879 0,833 9,8 7 6,986 4,9 4,69,87 56,35 3,990,65,365 7,35 36,5 5,35,3 9,73 6,S8 4,93,63 5,840 40,39 3,78,546,36 6,365 4,560 0,373 7,58 6,669 4,48,776,65,04 4,7 3,769,53 7,3 6,387 5,909 0,968 8,49 6,79 4,58,87,70, 9 Nonagrieuttural Industrie* 6 to 9 years 6to 7 years 8to 9years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 46 to 54 years 55 to 64 yean 55 to 69 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 9,96 7,475 3,0 4,463 3,36 5ti,497 4,655 7,848 5,995 0,95 6,793 4,,667 95, 05 7, 5 3, 044 4,479 3,395 60,496 5,705 8,796 5,995 0, 978 6, 878 4,00,66 53,08 3,745,489,56 7,055 34,50 4,389 0,44 9,40 6,563 4,069,494,535 53,833 3,789,53,66 7,049 34,94 4,843 0,755 9,36 6,53 4,088,46,566 39,708 3,730,54,C7 6,3C7 4,47 0,66 7,406 6,575 4,35,74,68,07 4,0 3,733,5, 6,345 5,58 0,36 8,04 6,679 4,465,790,675,096 Agriculture 6to9years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years., 66 years and.over, , , , , , ,49 0 0, C

44 HOUSEHOLD DATA A. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age [In thousands] Ftntafes, 0 years and ow Males, t»tyaars FamafcM.t.it yaais Eec. TOTAL 95,906 98,047 5,73 5,335 36,457 37,954 3,955 3,9S0 3,78 3,769 48,85 50,683,38,76 3,795 5, ,0,03 Professional and technical. Health workers Teachers, except college Other professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm... Salaried workers Selfemployed workers in retail trade Selfemployed workers, except retail trade. Sales workers Retail trade Other industries 4,870,77 3,3 8,9 0,89 8, ,337 3,436,90 5,505,853 3,373 9,79 0,59 8, ,653 3,598 3,0 54 8, ,440 7,83 6, ,59,03,9 8, ,433 7,774 6, ,57,055,0 6,395,774,9,330,368, ,460, ,90,883,378,64,637, 76 39,563, Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries... Other clerical workers 7,356 4,77,584 7,997 4,856 3,4 3,4 76 3,066 3, ,58,57 4,35 8,47 3,067 4,44 8, , ,009, Bluecollar workers 3,654 3,0 3,50 3,749 5,476 5,663,0, Craft and kindred workers Carpenters Construction craft, except carpenters Mechanics and repairers Metal craft Bluecollar worker supervisors, not elsewhere classified All other,597,59,50 3,36,3,707,438,973,45 7 3,36,335,89,4,45, 87,380 3,5,30,56,95, 70,58,56 7 3,3,5,66, Operatives, except transport Durable goods manufacturing Nondurable goods manufacturing... Other industries 0,863 4,944 3,535,383,035 4,984 3,4 40,6 5,835 3,00,384,43 5,976 3,06,33,630 4,097,589, ,38,649, Transport equipment operatives Drivers, motor vehicles All other 3,67 3, ,644 3, ,, ,4, Monfarm laborers Construction Manufacturing Other industries Service workers Private household workers Service workers, except private household... Food service workers', Protective service workers All other Farmworkers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and sujerviiors.. Paid workers Unpaid family workers 4, ,46,597,94, 80,76 4,49,407 6,06,459,44, , ,555,980,4,838 4,34,447 6,077,37, , ,60 3,9 3,909 74,57,90,90, , ,554 3, ,7,85,87, , ,96,3 3, , ,936, , S ,68 8, ,

45 HOUSEHOLD DATA A. [Percent distribution) Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race Occupation and race TOTAL, 6 years and over (thousands) Percent 95, ,047 55,668 56,35 40,39 C0.C 4,7 Whitecollar workers Professional and technical» Managers and administrators, except farm.. Sales workers Clerical workers , Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers. Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers , Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors.. A..3.3 White, 6 years and over (thousands) Percent 85, ,993 49,976 50,584 35,58 36,40 Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm.. Sales workers Clerical workers 5, 5, > S Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 3. 3,,7 0, 3, 4.,4.,,9., O) Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors., Black and other, 6 years and over (thousands) Percent Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm.. Sales workers Clerical workers 0, , , ^ , S 7 5, Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers , ,0 Service workers Private household workers Other service workers b Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors Less than 0.06 percent. 43

46 HOUSEHOLD DATA A3. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex [In thousands] December Agriculture AgiandMx W AQft MKl ttwty WOffctTS Private SaH employed Wage and salary workars family workers workers, 6 years and over. 6to9years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 56 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 87,94 7,409,995 4,44 3,058 4,08 7,04 4,477 9,806 6,43 3,663,086, , ,555 4,469 3,63b 3,069,03, ,0 6,584,60 3,974,46 9,46 3,46,9 7,539 4,79,8,574 6, ,557,668,44, b , , Males, 6 years and over.. 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years. 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 49,0 3,733,505,9 6,86 3,79 9,570 8,30 5,708 3,570,38, , ,59,776,647, ,307 3,463,387,076 6,74,69 7,778 6,645 4,678,98, , ,047, 84, , , Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 38,8 3,676,490,85 6,3 0,90 7,454 6,68 4,098,573,55 905, , ,30,859,4, ,75 3,,3,898 5,5 7,844 5,468 4,545,86,8,05 63, C _3_ A4. Employed persons by industry and occupation [In thousands] Deceaber Whita^ollarworfc MuenoHi Industry employed Professional and toehnioal workars Managers and admit* T? Sales workars Oariaat workars Craft anal kindred workers Operatives, amapt transport opaiailwai laborers Prijaja workers Hi Farm workers, 6 years and over: Mining Manufacturing Durable goods.. Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration,9 y ,88,3 3,45 8,807 6,40 0,3 3,876 6,445 5,8 8,04,336 6,768 4, ,48,646 B ,30 4 0, , , ,935,085,0, , ,598, ,64,5,,47 3,666 84,84,63 5,35 0 5,5, ,549 4,369,874,495,380,57 3,96 0,45, ,44 4,984 3,440 65, , , ,4, , , , ,309.00, Digitized for FRASER

47 HOUSEHOLD DATA A5. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex (In Nonagricurtural im RMMMI not working Paid absences? Unpaid abttnon 976, 6 years and over Vacation Illnass Bad weather Industrial dispute All other reasons Males, 6 years and over Vacation Illness All other reason$3 3, ,345 C , ,87 958, , ,0 9, , ,40 98, , , , , , Females, 6 years and o\ Vacation Illness All other reasons3, , , , Excludes private household. Pay status not available sepai tely for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories are included in all other reasons. ^Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately. A6. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work December Percent distribution Hours of work All industries cultural industries Agriculture Agri 34 hours 4 hours 54 hours 59 hours 3034 hours, 6 years and over 35 hours and over 3539 hours 40 hours 4 hours and over 4 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours 60 hours and over Average hours, total at work.. Average hours, workers on fulltin schedules 94,76 0, , 44, 84 6, 08 7, 36 6, 59 39, 830 5, 894 0, , 034 6, ,93, ,33 0,759 5,9 6 70,70 6,493 39,87 4,490 0,95 8,608 5, , , , m

48 HOUSEHOLD DATA A7. Persons at work 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours [Numbers in thousands] December Reason for working less than 35 hours Usually work parttim* Usually work full time work part time, 6 years and over economic FBSSOOS Slack work Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment New job started during week Job terminated during week Could find only parttime work,445 3, 53, ,44,65, ,0,898 59,306,643 3,79, ,83 5,960,456, ,684,83 540,83 Other reasons, Does not want, or unavailable for, fulltime work. Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday Full time for this job All other reasons 8, 93, 00 88, , 0 4 #69 88, ,565 4,303,00 44, ,363,673 30, ,449, 006 4, 5C 80,6S 4 7 5,497 3,86, , Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons Worked 30 to 34 hours: Economic reasons Other reasons, 037 5, ,63 389,4 98 4,934 6C4, ,357 A8. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full or parttime status [Numbers in thousands] December Full or parttime status Industry On part time for economic On voluntary On fulltime schedules Avt hours, total at work Average workers on fulltime, 6 years and over l.... Wage and salary workers Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trad* Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries.... t Private households All other industries.* Public administration. 9,93 85,33 4,907,045,644 8,40 5,888 7,849 5,05 4,594,4 3,370 4,88 3,79, ,86, , , , ,773 69,708 4,357 9,773,3 7,643 5,354,70 4,555 8,0 40 7,800 4,50 50,83 48,07 3,4 3,577 8,98 5,8 3,594 7,475 3,4 3,09 64,88 3,343 0,95 9, ,5,996,8 690,006 50,00 39, ,95,976 66,98,838, 44,070, ,089 98, C Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers 6, ,6 83 4,887 75, , Includes mining, not shown separately. 46

49 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 9 Persons at work in nonagricurtural industries by full or parttime status,! [Numbers in thousands] x, age. race, and marital status December SMC, aaa, race, and marital s at On part thimfor On voluntary On fulltimt schedules 40houn or IMS TOTAL Both mm*. 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 9,93,84 7,360,99 4,368 84,553 3,055 7,499 43,4 5,779,506 3, , ,96, ,86 4,969 3,94,5,40 9,90,946 7,974 4, 47,6,05 74,773 6,646 3, ,66 7, 763 0,435 6,39 37,70,43, ', 3,05 47,935 7,50 40,435 4,44 5, ,490, ,88,934 0,894 3,86 7, C Males, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 5,067 6,48 3,705,490,5 48,36 6,868 4,494 4,936 5,089,470, , ,44,35,859,6 633, , ,394 3,655,68 7,455 44,73 5,735 38,979 3,830 4, ,963,548,0 S,0 6,763 3,687 3,078 3,707 8, ,43, ,950,048 5,90 0,3 5, C Females, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 39,846 6,036 3,655,50,53 36,9 6,87 30,005 8,79 0,689,036, , , ,67,654,08, ,535,47 6,388 3,647, ,380,99,38 57, 7 7,05 4,70,35 3,875 8,053 44,3,55,46 3,05,73 3,8 5 7,36 0,7 6, , , ,99 3,64, RACE Whitt Males Females Black and other Males Females 8,59 46,799 34,79 0,3 5,67 5,054,68,79, ,664 3,866 8,798, ,46 4,754 4,49 8,56 4,638 3,888 43,434 4,450 8,983 6,850 3,5 3,338,8 7,304 5,509,676, MARITAL STATUS Males, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 35,978 4,079, ,3 0,8 34,033 3,73 8,630 9,737,34 5,885 4,96,390, Females, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated... Single (never married),305 7,509 0, ,549,08,987 5,764 6,05 6,563,649 4,4S9 5,7 3,5,55,

50 HOUSEHOLD DATA A 30 Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status and sex [Numbers in thousands] December 9 79 Occupational group and stx «t work OiipwttinM for part tin* 4 to hour, ormort Average hours, total at work Avaraga hours, workers on full, 6 years and over White collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm.. Sales workers Cler cal workers 9,506 49,6 5,063 0,44 6,433 7,476 3,38, ,969 7,77,753 46,673 3,389 75,9 40,9 3,0 9,6 78 4,55 3,67 50,55 6,83 8,467 4,509,694, 6 0,48 5,3,709,357 67,449 4,456 8,948,96 3,8,04, C 40 Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household Other service workers. 30,768,433 0,670 3,483 4, 8,5,03,49, , , ,70 6,936,58 9,447,983,988 7, ,08 8,87 7,500 6,76,686,38 5, ,60 4,38,9, ,43,06, , Males, 6 years and over 5,58,46 4,97 46,759 8,39 6,988, Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm.. Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers,894 8,30 7,69 3,458 3,497 4,903,700 6, 397 3, 6 3, , , , ,08 7,745 7,360,975 3,00,53 0,99 5,85,88,643,58 4,58 3,08,539,095 4,53 7,07 3,883,58,96,94,045, ,63,790, ,88,8 3, ,08, eoe Service workers Private household Other service workers Females, 6 years and over Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm.. Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers,, Service workers Private household Other service workers 4,7 3 4,690 35,987 6,3 6,753,66,974 3,979 5, , ,800,07 6, , ,35 7, 8 9,674 5,73,5 66,55, ,0 608,60 3,45 3 3,4 8,458 9,830 5,356,38,539 0,65 4, , , ,608,3^9 4,344,37 5,573 3,949 #400, 55 9,067 3,65 39, ,47 3, ,6, S ,85,

51 HOUSEHOLD DATA A3. Employment status of 45 yearolds by sex and race [Numbers in thousands] December Employment status Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population. 7,777 3,956 3,8 6,478 3,304 3,75 # Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries. Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work All other reasons,96, ,05 0 6, , , , , ,4 30,08, ,7 43 5, ,698 8, ,573 34, ,0 4, Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. A3. Employed 45 yearolds by sex, class of worker, and occupation December Thousands of persons Percent distribution CLASS OF WORKER Nonagricultural industries Wage and salary workers Private household workers... Government workers Other wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Agriculture. Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers... Unpaid family workers,094, J b S OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers.... Private household workers Other service workers. Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors, m 6. 0 C US C

52 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A33. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employment status Feb. Apr. flay July Aug. Sept. NOV. TOTAL noninstitutional population *! Armed Forces ; Civilian noninstitutional population *.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population... Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force Males. 0 years and over 6,50,08 60,4 0, , ,375 9,456 5,984 58,37 6,448,094 60,353 0, , ,60 9,897 5,S04 58,9 6,633,094 60,539 0, , ,307 93,89 5,883 58,60 5,909,090 60,89 0, , < 3,30 93,303 5,88 58,34 63,003,08 60,96 0, , ,5 93,039 5,944 53,78 63,60,078 6,8 0, , ,46 93,49 5,903 58,784 63,469,076 6,393 0, , ,4 3 93,409 5,84 58,97 63,685,08 6,604 03, , ,67 93,97 5,909 58,5 63,89,090 6,80 03,8 6 97, ,35 93,689 6, 4 58,673 64,06,09 6,03 03, , ,364 94,40 5, ,59 64,468,093 6,375 03, , ,94 94,60 6, 58,780 64,68,09 6,589 03, , ,335 94,3 6, ,937 64,898,089 6,809 03, ,9 59 3,359 94,553 6,087 58,80 noninstitutional population ' Civilian noninstitutional population!.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population... Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 69,88 67,600 54, ,86 7,387 49,47 4, ,54 69,385 67,76 54, ,04 7,303 49,7,67 3,535 69,476 67,86 54, , 7,39 49,88,38 3,467 69,6 67,939 54, ,5 7,350 45,80,64 3,64 69,663 67,997 54, ,049 7,95 49,754,90 3,758 69,787 68,3 54, ,58 7,30 49,857,30 3,835 69,889 68,7 54, ,0 7,305 49,896,69 3,857 69,995 68,39 54, ,35 7,37 49,998, ,740 70,099 66,47 54, ,3 7,375 49,936,86 3,80 70,05 68,5 54, ,453 7,377 50,076,8 3,787 70,380 68,697 54, ,443 7,37 50,07,3 3,937 70,487 68,804 54, ,374 7,438 49,936,335 4, ,594 68,940 54, ,478 7,47 50,05,303 4,59 Females, 0 years and over noninstitutional population l Civilian noninstitutional population *.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population... Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 76,7 76,9 38, , ,346, 37,963 76,337 76,8 38, , ,46,95 38,0 76,440 76,33 38, , ,604,0 37,933 76,589 76,476 38, , ,767, 37, ,53 38, , ,644, 99 38,7 76,78 76,670 38, , ,834,08 38,05 76,896 76,784 38, , ,874,96 38, 3 77,04 76,897 39, , ,88,60 37,864 77,7 77,006 39, , ,400,304 37,70 77,45 77,4 39, , ,447,64 37,885 77,49 77,308 39,36 50.S 37, ,540,50 37,946 77,547 77,46 39, , ,636, 97 37,98 77,666 77,54 39, , ,80,57 37,883 Both sexes, 69 years noninstitutional population l Civilian noninstitutional population!.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population... Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 6,734 6,4 9, , ,636,574 6,8 6,75 6,400 9, , 4d 36 7,760,54 6,737 6,77 6,39 9, , ,703,543 6,760 6,709 6,404 9, , ,735,506 6,788 6,700 6,397 9, , ,64,555 6,853 6,69 6,389 9, , ,558,565 6,898 6,684 6,38 9, , ,639, ,98 6,677 6,387 9, , ,63,495 6,906 6,665 6,377 S,7 5 7, ,353, ,50 6,655 6,367 9, , ,67,544 6,847 6,659 6,370 9, ,9S ,568,554 6,897 6,648 6,360 9, , ,65,5 6,86 6,638 6,36 9, , ,68,57 6,767 The population and Armed iriations. Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A33 through A4 will not necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9.

53 A34. Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousand*) HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED Full and parttimt employment Jan. Feb. Apr. May July Aug. Sept. Oct. NOV. FULL TIME. 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 86,697 8,088 4, ,953 8,439 4,54 87,64 8,699 4,565 87,408 8,869 4, ,4 8,775 4,637 87,397 8,864 4,533 87,50 8,986 4,55 87,749 83,3 4,67 87,685 8,958 4 #77 88, 34 83,49 4,75 88,394 83,598 4,796 88,469 83,699 4,77G 88,576 83,785 4,79 PART TIME, 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,074 3,696, , 3,748, ,47 3,80, ,04 3,673, ,806 3,55,9 8 4,96 3,573, ,064 3,76,30 8 5,448 4,6, ,535 4,63,37 5,75 3,987,88 5,65 3,8, ,58 3,906, ,4 4, 0,309 8 NOTE: Persons on parttime schedules for economic reasons are included in the fulltime employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full or parttime work. Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. A35. Employment status by race, sex, and age, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands] Characteristics Jan. Feb. Apr. flay June July Aug. Sept. Oct.. 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Males. 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 89,668 85,069 4,599 48,0 46,496,706 3,98 3,44,684 09,973 85,434 4,539 48,387 46,686,70 3,966 3,30,646 90,50 85,786 4,464 48,545 46,908,637 33,b 3,489,66 5.G 90,60 85,754 4,506 4b,460 46,789,67 33, 38 3,569,669 89,996 85,497 4,499 48,400 46,7,679 33, 3,479,643 90,0 85,63 4,488 48,4 46,797,64 33,86 3,67,669 90,5 85,775 4, ,55 46,83,694 33,88 3,649,639 90,659 86,0 4,539 48,634 46,873,76 33,604 3,986,68 90,759 85,976 4,783 48,646 46,833,83 33,879 3,6,753 9,08 86,45 4,657 48,77 46,9C, ,858 3,3, 635 9,47 86,454 4,6S3 48,75 46,S48,604 9,4 66,57 4,67 48,754 46,939,85 33,946 33,979 3,49 3,30,697,669 9,579 86,894 4,685 48,8 47,05,786 34,05 3,49,73 Both sexes. 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 8,538 7,39,09 8,60 7,4 8,9 8,554 7,389,65 8,56 7,396,66 8,474 7,97,77 8,43 7,8, 95 8,40 7,95, 07 8,4 7,6,60 8,34 7,07,7 8,497 7,8, 5 8,449 7,57,S 4. 8,509 7,3,87 8,563 7,377,86 BLACK AND OTHER, 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate,4 0,75,389, 0 0,736,365, 77 0,746,43,38 0,860,378,9 0,7 67,44,9 0,86,403,60 0,887,373,386,03,363,343 0,98,36,404,063,34 0,5,C76,436,39,044,347 0,43,04,4 08,3 Males, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,845 5, ,809 5, ,830 5, , 85 5, ,83 5, ,847 5, ,889 5, ,96 5,463 4S8 8 5,956 5, ,989 5, C 6,003 5, b 5,97 5, ,954 5, Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,3 4, ,39 4, , 60 4, ,333 4, ,96 4, ,309 4, ,357 4, ,398 4, ,395 4, ,388 4, ,476 4,S ,455 4, ,467 4, Both sexes. 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate, , , , , , , , , , , , NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 5

54 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A36. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted [Unemployment rates] Selected categories Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. CHARACTERISTICS (all civilian workers) Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Both sexes, 69 years White Black and other 0 0 Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who head families e 8 8 Fulltime workers Parttime workers Unemployed 5 weeks and over Labor force time lost OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers INDUSTRY Nonagricultuial private wage and salary workers 3... Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers , c; Q S 9 6.C Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force. Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on parttime for economic reasons NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. 3 Includes mining, not shown separately. A37. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted [Numbers In thousands] Weeks of unemployment DURATION Feb. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Both sexes, 6 years and over: Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over,858,9 37, ,75,83,S 708 5,779,877, ,769,860, ,876,884, *,63,99, ,880,808, ,80,934, ,68,738, ,778, C35, ,955,963, ,99,869, ,96,966, Average (mean) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over C S NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 5

55 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A38. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted S78 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept., 6 years and over, 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over S S C Milts, 6 years and over to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over C Females, 6 years and o\ to 9 years... 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over fi S S NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. A39. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted tnumbers in thousands] Reason for unemploynr Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay July Aug. Sept. Nov. NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Both sexes, 6 years and over: Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants, ,708 9,904 86,44 75, ,7 84, ,696 88, ,457 79, , , ,68 847, , ,63 940, ,449 86, ,753 78,56 797,79 846,76 76,680 95, , ,63 655,777 85,760 60,73 S9,80 835,76 6C4, ,74 845, ,78 944, , PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants \ S UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 53

56 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A40. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Sex and age Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr, May June July Aug. Sept, Oct. Nov., 6 years and over 95,83 96,57 96,496 96,63 96,54 96,495 96,65 97,84 97,004 97,504 97,474 97,608 97,9 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years Q to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 8,06 3,9 4,78 3,77 74,00 59,698 4,34 8, 3,336 4,80 3,843 74,08 59,83 4,360 8,088 3,345 4,747 3,943 74,465 60,070 4,393 8,0 3,30 4,78 3,94 74,575 60,36 4,364 7,989 3,75 4,73 3,937 74,96 60,09 4,4 7,96 3, 4,699 3,867 74,7 60 4,3 7,994 3,5 4,704 3,859 74,864 60,55 4,305 7,986 3,4 4,75 3,90 75,90 60,986 4,304 7,693 3,048 4,63 3,849 75,436 6,08 4,399 7,976 3,335 4,665 3,949 75,66 6,08 4,38 7,9S 3,5 4,674 3,675 75,76 6,3C 4,47 7,986 3,35 4,694 3,90 75,650 6,8 4,368 8,03 3,30 4,77 3,837 76,030 6,686 4,350 Males, 6 years and over 56,087 56,36 56,476 56,449 56,94 56,37 56,477 56,570 56,408 56,74 56,69 56,580 56,734 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over... 4,6,745,483 7,45 44, ,539 8,857 4,30,785,54 7,54 44,59 35,648 8, 870 4,65,777,479 7,568 44,640 35,760 8,868 4,98,784,509 7,59 44,636 35,88 8,840 4,45,774,473 7,593 44,4 8 35,70 8,746 4,4,745,470 7,59 44,658 35,857 8,80 4,76,754,489 7,530 44,68 35,9 8,767 4,45,743,485 7,50 44,806 36,00 8,789 4,097,63,445 7,498 44,88 35,96 8,83 4,6,339,45 7,590 44,9 36,05 8,844 4,86,758,430 7,53 44,94 36,00 8,79: 4,06,755,46 7,533 44,796 36,00 6,78 4,56,783,477 7,498 44,966 36,06 8,759 Females, 6 years and over 39,744 39,83 40,00 40,74 39,960 40,3 40,75 40,64 40,596 40,790 40,845 4,08 4,78 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 3,800,547,45 6 # 30 9,67 4,59 5,467 3,8 9,55,78 6,39 9,689 4,75 5,490 3,83,568,68 6,375 9,85 4,30 5,55 3,8,536,7 6,395 9,9 39 4,408 5,54 3,744,50,50 6,344 9,878 4,39 5,495 3,7,467,9 6,348 30,053 4,474 5,509 3,78,498,5 6,39 30,83 4,63 5,538 3,74,499,40 6,400 30,484 4,966 5,55 3,596,46,78 6,35 30,68 5,0 5,568 3,75,496,3 6, ,704 5,56 5,537 3,733,493,44 6,344 30,804 5,0 5,64 3,780,560,3 6,387 30,854 5,6 5,586 3,776,537,40 6,339 3,064 5,480 5,59 NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. A4. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted (In thousands] Sex and age Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Hay June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec*, 6 years and over 5,984 5,904 5,883 5,88 5,944 5,903 5,84 5,909 6, 4 5,990 6, 6,044 6,087 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over..., ,364 3,C9,68 44, ,3 3,03, , ,35 3,0,58 44, ,346 3,05,57 460, ,36 3,07, , ,355,997,50 465, ,359 3,005,56 434, ,386 3,04 f , ,45 3,55, , ,43 3,036,647 4, ,470 3,40, ,5 69 8,346 3, 68, , ,505 3,040, Males. 6 years and over... 3,035,997,958,97,999,94,893 3,07 3,083 3,098 3,098 3,4 3,089 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over ,48, ,479, ,463, ,479, ,55, ,45, ,483, ,53, ,575, ,55, S,565, ,64, #505,8 3 Females, 6 years and over,949,907,95,90,945,96,93,88 3,04,89 3,03,90,998 6 to 9 years... 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over ,548, ,553, ,558, ,546, ,546, ,546, ,5, ,50, ,580, ,484, S 45 68,575,37 S ,56, ,535, NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 54

57 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED A4. Employed persons by selected social end economic categories, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] 9 79 Feb. Apr. flay June July Aug. Sept. Nov. CHARACTERISTICS, 6 years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present 95,83 39,030,84 96,57 39,39,37 96,496 39,9,5 96,63 39,93,605 96,54 38,90,376 96,495 39,045,547 96,65 39,079,664 97, 4 39,76,908 97,004 39,80,869 97,504 39,96,537 57,474 39,4,99 97,608 38,845,940 97,9 38,94 3,07 OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers PERSONS AT WORK Nonagricultural industries Fulltime schedules Parttime for economic reasons Usually work fulltime Usually work parttime Part time for noneconomic reasons 48,08 4,645 0,84 6,058 7, 3,966,666 0,868 3,63 4,89,94,80,447, ,46 5,36 70,35,30 68,833 6, ,050 7,903 3,08,C,880,065 48,303 4,734 0,3 6,048 7,09 3,90,807 0,958 3,65 4,874,87,764,387, ,836 4,950 0,379 6,090 7,47 3,76,898 0,90 3,6 0 4,775,804,746,45, , 09 86, 9 5, 5 5, 3 70, , 870 If , 53 69, 54 6, 497 6, ,50 7,76 3,0 3,5,95,4 87,543 7, 3, 76,46 *930,55 48,996 5,0 0,39 6,055 7,537 3,04,79 0,99 3,569 4,689,847,774,45, ,439 5,3 7,58, 6 69,696 6, ,847 7, 59 3,,54,957, 07 49,06 5,09 0,398 6,084 7,488 3,705,703 0,770 3,564 4,668,907,659,379, ,05 5,359 70,746,7 69 r574 6, ,36 49,9 5, 00 5,00 0,47 6,0 7,508 3,904,80 0,755 3,644 4,685,77,68,44, , 3 5, 66 70, 66, 95 69, 4 6, ,608 87, 785 7,659 7, ,79 3, 83,87, 73,99, 00,670,006 0,534 6, 03 7,545 3,99,944 0,804 3,605 4,639,805,679,43, ,309 5,38 70,99,35 69,756 6, ,749 7,43 3,84,3,96, 49,536 5,057 0,6 6, 63 7,704 3,05,876 0,864 3,67 4,664,7 6,678,49, ,454 5,393 7,C,9 69,84 6, ,663 5,068 0,698 6,45 7,75 3,849,76 0,909 3,604 4,575,6,707,384, ,4 5,79 7,4, 69,93 6, ,769 88,855 7,95 73,053 3,74 3, 98,334,40,940,897,580,504 49,86 5,4 0,65 9 6, 8 7,835 3,09,993 0,964 3,67 4,635,859,7,399, ,9 5,407 7,505,33 70, 9 6, ,73 73, 59 3,67,73,694,397 49,738 5,057 0,639 6,6 7,78 3,05 3,CC 0,967 3,593 4,644,937,695,38, ,98 5,43 7,559,6 70,98 6, ,638 73,04 3,35,354,S6,9 49,9 5,3 0,67 6,36 7,80 3,0,95 0,963 3,68 4,594,899,78,475, ,00 5,358 7,66, 70,45 6, ,9 5,7 0,535 6,346 7,758 3,30 3,04,04 3,635 4,584,970,694,45, ,384 5,397 7,987,8 70,759 6, ,67 89,80 7,997 73,37 3,39 3,59,43,49,979,08,8,54 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 55

58 HOUSEHOLD DATA A43. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans by age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Civilian labor fores Civilian tutional Percent of S78 S78 VETERANS, 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 8, , ,03b 5,89 8, 46 7, , to 39 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 years and over 7,08,48 3,535, ,96,846 3,63, ,776,059 3,43, ,96,74 3,59, ,506,94 3,309, ,656,66 3,4, NONVETERANS, 5 to 39 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 4,087 6,379 4,04 3,666 4,998 6,860 4,340 3,798 3,430 6,03b 3,883 3,5 4,68 6,489 4,54 3,65,894 5,77 3,759 3,408 3,675 6,0 3,968 3, S Vietnamera veterans are those who served between August 5,964 and May Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited to those 539 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnamera veteran population. 56

59 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A44. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race, seasonally adjusted [Number* in thousands] Emptoyimnt status S79 II III TOTAL noninstitutional population! Armed forces Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population Employed Percent of total population.. Agriculture Nonagricultural industries... Unemployed Unemployment rate 56,990,47 54,843 95, ,4 5 3,46 84,995 7, ,58,36 55,446 96,5 6 88, ,66 85,808 7, ,3,30 56,094 97, , ,38 86,869 6, ,89b,35 56,764 97, , , 95 67,78 6, ,53,3 57,399 93, , ,9 88,87 fc, ,6, 58,004 99,36 6 9, ,34 89,630 6,8 60,75,0 58,605 00, , ,336 90,809 6,08 6,355,0 59,35 00, , ,367 9,367 6,043 6,037, 5 59,9 0, , ,33 9,33 5,885 6,663,093 60,570 0, , ,96 93,30 5,890 63,60,079 6,8 0, , ,35 93, 5,890 63,894,038 6,806 03, , ,35 93,95 6,008 64,68,09 6,59 03, , ,346 94,39 6,084 Mutt, 0 ywifs od ovtf noninstitutional population * Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population Employed Percent of total population.. Agriculture." Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate 66,7 65,04 5, ,86 7,90 46,536 3,0 67,03 65,338 5, ,00 7,60 46,840,959 67,3 65,635 5, ,5 7,338 47,84,770 67,64 65,949 5, ,878 7,300 47,578,609 67,95 66,6 5, ,445 7,3 6 48, 9,493 68,38 66,556 53, ,698 7,34 48,357,39 68, ,844 53, ,33 7,360 48,773, ,83 67,34 53, ,8 7,38 48,90, ,84 67,489 53, ,737 7,353 49,383, 49 69,49 67,87 54, ,9 7,37 49,80,56 69,786 68,3 54, ,36 7,300 49,836,63 70, 00 68,49 54, ,363 7,360 50,003,74 70,487 68,84 54, ,43 7,4 50,00,38 Females, 0 years and over noninstitutional population' Civilian noninstitutional population'.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population Employed Percent of total population. Unemployed Unemployment rate 73,468 73,378 34, ,6 4, ,746 73,653 35, , , ,079 73,984 35, ,09 4, ,49 74,33 35, ,36 4, ,770 74,67 36, ,84 4, ,094 74,994 36, ,484 4,04 75,43 75,30 37, ,00 4, ,756 75,649 37, ,36 46, , 76,003 38, , , 78 76,455 76,345 38, , , 03 76,78 76,670 38, ,36 47,0 77, 9 77, , ,983 47,09 77,547 77,45 39, , ,35 Both sexes, 69 years noninstitutional population l Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population Employed Percent of total population. Unemployed Unemployment rate 6,8 6,45 8, ,55 43*, ,83 6,454 9, ,384 4, ,83 6,475 9,6 5 7,573 4, ,88 6,484 9,37 5 7,674 4, ,80 6,468 9, ,8 4,548 6,794 6,454 9, ,77 4, ,78 6,45 9, ,00 47,54 6,768 6,45 9, ,090 48,565 6,74 6,49 9,6 58 8, ,558 6,77 6,398 9, ,06 48,53 0 6,69 6,389 9, ,97C 47, ,666 6,377 9, , ,54 6,648 6,35 9, ,979 47,53 6. noninstitutional population' Civilian noninstitutional population *... Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population... Unemployed Unemployment rate Black and other 38,05 36,36 84, , , ,574 36,8 85, , , ,084 37,333 85, , ,500 39,60 37,870 86,86 6 8, ,05 40,07 38,364 87, , ,955 40,568 38,839 87, , ,75 4,08 39,33 88, , ,584 4,56 39,8 88, , 59 4,68 4,034 40,336 8S, , ,494 4,5 40,857 90,6 6 85, ,5 03 4,977 4,330 90,0 6 85, S 4,476 43,46 4,8 90, , 74 6C. 4, ,0 4,468 9, , , noninstitutional population Civilian noninstitutional population... Civilian labor force Percent of civilian population. Employed Percent of total population... Unemployed Unemployment rate 8,885 8,57, ,577 50,46 3 9,008 8,634, ,657 50,436 9,39 8,76, ,76 5,434 9,79 8,894, ,800 50,540 9,44 9,035, ,030 5,55 9,557 9,64,773 0,33 5,460 9,687 9,8, ,480 5,49 9,89 9,43, ,6 5,43 0,003 9,585,3 6 0,74 5,389 0, 4 9,73,7 6 0,78 5,39,4 0,8 9,85,3 6 0,83 5,400 0,43 9,985,378 6,03 5, ,58 0,3,445 6,048 5,397 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations. NOTE: Detail for the household data shown in tables A44 through A 53 will not necessarily add to totals, because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 57

60 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A45. Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Full and parttime employment status, sex, and age III II II III FULLTIME, 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Males. 0 years and over: Civilian labor force.. Employed... Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate.. 8,648 75,664 5, ,64 46,45, ,477 5,80, ,93 76,69 5, ,05 46,650,687 9,64 5,600, ,7 77,06 5, ,79 47,083,548 30,037 6,06, ,49 77,888 5,36 5, 47,357,43 30,355 6,33, ,8 78,704 5,8 6. 5,483 47,896,93 30,453 6,547, ,399 79,546 4,853 5,50 48,55,78 30,809 7,05,80 85,50 80,574 ; ,79 48,598, ,46 7,557, ,978 8,63 4,75 5,77 48,76,006 ' 3,664 7,995, ,434 8,909 4,55 53,54 49,,97 3,78 8,40,686 87,08 8,669 4,539 53,59 49,633,979 3,089 8,646,7 87,437 8,875 4,56 53,677 49,687,995 3,359 8,870,745 87,856 83,70 4,686 53,95 49,769,09 3,68 9,9,745 88,480 83,694 4,786 54,36 49,84, ,044 9,538,753 Both sexes, 6 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 5,89 3, ,9 4, ,00 4, ,034 4, ,003 4, ,933 4, ,06 4,49 8 6,57 4, ,03 4, ,067 4, ,96 4,38 8 5,90 4, ,086 4, , 6 years and over: Civilian labor force... Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Males, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force... Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate. Both sexes, 69 years: Civilian labor force.... Employed.. Unemployed Unemployment rate. 3,996,583,4 3 0.,589, ,340 6, ,067 3, ,,78,503 0,683, ,433 6, ,06 3, ,4,970,45 0,637, ,545 7, ,90 3, ,44 3,04,373 9,707, ,49 7, ,6 3, ,740 3,377,363 9,747, ,754 7, ,39 3, ,709 3,383,36 9.0,734, ,694 7, ,80 3, ,98 3,56,357 9., ,90 7, ,58 3, ,86 3,490,36 8,685, ,836 7, ,95 3, ,064 3,708, ,698, ,9 7, ,444 3, ,097 3,744, ,67, ,038 7, ,388 3, ,944 3,67,37 8,649, ,950 7, ,345 3, ,49 4,04,36 8,763, ,7 7, ,385 3, #45 3,943,30 8,76, ,76 7, ,308 3, Persons on parttime schedules for economic reasons are included in the fulltime employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by whether seeking full or parttime work. NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 58

61 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A46. Employment status by race, sex. and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] II III II III II III WHITE, 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Males, 0 years and over: Gvilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate, 8,67 78,689 5, ,505 43,984, ,07 8,03, ,055 79,37 5, ,544 44,55,389 30,37 8,34,986 85,94 80,44 5,500 46,85 44,577,38 30,78 8,856,96 86,86 8,08 5,05 47,08 44,974,044 30,958 9,04,96 87,048 8,093 4,955 47,366 45,40, ,3 9,478,845 87,360 8,635 4,75 47,40 45,547,873 3,603 9,944,659 88,49 83,665 4,584 47,678 45,94,737 3,096 30,389, ,739 84, 4, ,745 46,036,709 3,408 30,674, ,44 84,930 4,494 48,047 46,383,664 3,88 3,79,639 90,6 85,658 4,503 48,464 46,794,670 33,8 3,459, ,0 85,635 4,476 48,449 46,783,666 33,3 3,58,650 90,833 86,74 4,660 48,669 46,875,794 33,780 3,,669 9,33 86,640 4,683 48,77 46,97,80 34,043 3,350,693 Both sexes, 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 8,04 6,674, ,84 6,83,353 8,37 6,99,336 8,30 7,064,46 8,359 7,95,64 8,336 7,44,93 8,474 7,335,39 8,587 7,40,86 8,560 7,369,9 8,579 7,404,74 8,430 7,70,60 8,384 7,87,97 8,507 7,39,88 BLACK AND OTHER, 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Males, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Both sexes, 6 to 9 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate,039 9,577, ,47 4, ,684 4, ,09 9,657,436 5,48 4, ,73 4, ,96 9,76,434 5,495 4, ,787 4, ,340 9,800,540 5,48 4, ,855 4, , ,555 0 #030,55 5,56 5 5, ,973 4, , ,773 0,33,460 5,66 5, ,089 4, , ,909 0,480,49 5,707 5, ,59 4, , ,034 0,6,43 5,7 5 5, ,35 4, , ,3 0,74,389 5,87 5, ,44 4, , ,7 0,78,39 5,830 5, ,77 4, , ,3 0,83,400 5,853 5, ,3 4, , ,378,03, ,969 5, ,394 4, , ,445,048,397 5,96 5, ,466 4, , NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 59

62 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A47. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted [Unemployment ratei] Selected categories II III II III CHARACTERISTICS (all civilian workers) Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Both sexes, 69 years White Black and other Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who head families Fulltime workers Parttime workers Unemployed 5 weeks and over Labor force time lost OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers J I INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 3 Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force. Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on parttime for economic reasons NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. as a percent of potentially available labor force hours. 3 Includes mining, not shown separately. 60

63 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A48. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Weeks of unemployment II III II III II III DURATION Both sexes, 6 years and over: Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over,87,305,306,0 36,70,900,66,07 93,75,940,056,90 845,057,803,096, ,757,00, ,749,895, ,779,87, ,858,865, ,786,854, ,766, 73, ,860,670, ,9,90, ,930 r933, Average (mean duration, in weeks.. Median duration, in weeks PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over S C NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. A49. Rates of unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Sex and age S78 III II III, 6 years and over... 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years. 55 years and over Males, 6 years and over C 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over S a C 8 3.C Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years.. 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over , , , , ! b 6 \8»9 9,f ,8 NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 6

64 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A50. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Reason for unemployment II III II III II III NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Both sexes, 6 years and over: Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,60,00, , ,38 94,45 904, , ,56 908, , , 98 86, ,84 770,07 890, ,6 73, , , , ,775 86,45 683, ,847 86S,43 707,705 85, , , ,75 30 #44 793,648 88,766 C,63 856, , ,79 953,776 87, PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Job losers On layoff Other Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 48 35, C C O UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants. NOTE. Data in this table have been revised. See article on pagt g. A5. Employed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Sex and age II III II III II III. 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over... 88,4 7,55,896 4,366,434 68,550 54,97 3,589 88,974 7,3 84,970 4,49, ,960 55,44 3,537 90,88 7,573 3,04 4,58,763 69,359 56,3 3,70 90,93 7,674 3,6 4,555,97 70,307 56,59 3,74 9, 08 7,8 3,0 4,6 3 3,089 7,9 57,6 3,939 9,954 7,77 3, 59 4,6 3,77 7,997 58,03 3,965 94,45 8,00 3,94 4,705 3,47 7,674 58,506 4,63 94,734 8,090 3,36 4,773 3,584 73, ,906 4, ,054 3,97 4,76 3,75 73,844 59,599 4,49 96,45 8,06 3,334 4,777 3,900 74,46 60,043 4,37 96,467 7,970 3,46 4,709 3,6 74,64 60,35 97,3 7,885 3,08 4,67 3,903 75,447 6,09 4, ,979 3,95 4,695 3,877 75,803 6,43 4,378 Mate, 6 yews and over... 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years years and over 5,73 3,906,595,309 6,654 4,967 33,54 8,436 53,086 3,986,60,365 6,956 4,47 33,74 8,43 53,643 4,,684,46 6,953 4,57 34,04 8,536 54,005 4, 7,75,48 7,06 4,80 34,69 8,539 54,76 4,7,799,469 7, 49 43,83 34,63 8,655 54,9 4,4,75,47 7,58 43,540 34,895 8,64 55,4 4,87,778,50 4 7,344 43,788 35,059 8,743 55,6 03 4,30,789,544 7,359 43,934 35,9 8,73 56,00 4,74,748,530 7,449 44,73 35,455 6,85 56,47 4,88,78,504 7,537 44,598 35,745 8,859 56,38 4,45,758,477 7,547 44,586 35,86 6,7 56,564 4,0 V'38,«i 7,533 44,845 36,0 8,8 56,648 4,6,765,456 7,5 44,895 36,C9 8,778 Females, 6 years and over 35,509 35,888 36,545 36,908 37,39 38,03 38,74 39,3 39,643 40,008 40,086 40,667 4,07 6 to 9 year* 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 56 years and over 3,348,300,057 5,580 6,583,49 5,53 3,398,35,054 5,677 6,83,70 5,06 3,45,357,09 5,80 7,88,089 5,84 3,547,40, 37 5,865 7,487,3 5, 74 3,55, 44 5,940 7,909,630 5,84 3,548,408, 40 6,09 8,458 3,8 5,34 3,7,56,0 6, 7 8,885 3,447 5,4 3,770,537,9 6,5 9,3 3,74 5,49 3,780,549,3 6,303 9,57 4,45 5,434 3,88,55,73 6,363 9,88 4,98 5,53 3,75,48S,3 6,340 30,036 4,4SS 5,54 3,684,470,0 6,370 30,60 5,08 5,540 3,763,530,39 6,357 30,907 5,34 5,600 NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 6

65 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A5 Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, seasonally adjusted [In thousands) Selected categories II III II III II III CHARACTERISTICS. 6 years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present 88,4 38,0 9 0,494 38,974 38, 89 0,687 90,88 38,463 0,933 90,93 38,377 0,987 9,08 38,56,9 9,954 38,57,585 94, 45 38,65,760 94,734 38,666,9 95,653 38,938,50 96,45 3 9,08,500 S6,467 39,0,59 97,3 39,85,905 97,665 38,964,96 OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER, 3,54 9,4 86 5,64 5,683 9,70 r388 0,098 3,300 4,384,98,770,446,449,509,68,807,736,65,300,49,365,04,69 44,757 3,508 9,55 5,705 6,09 30,04,864 0,383 3,487 4,47,397,835 45,39 3,788 9,68 5,756 6,094 30,93,93 0,34 3,49 4, 547,509,7 46,7 4,035 9,94 5,767 6,484 30,605,095 0,404 3,506 4,600,547,77 46 r534 4,09 0,085 5,87 6,558 30,934,38 0,649 3,56 4,60,706,807 46,957 4, 0,00 5,905 6,740 3,567,307 0,938 3,59 4,803,847,786 47,38 4,55 0,3 5,960 7,044 3,563,46 0,87 3 #5C8 4,740,854,88 47,9 5 4,509 0, 4 6,06 7,67 3,03,63,043 3,63 4,744,947,773 48,7 4,899 0,36 6,064 7,386 3, 69,83 0,550 3,607 4,779,83,76 49, 30 5,067 0,453 6,CS6 7,54 3,867,8 C,776 3,604 4,664,88,655 49,67 5,089 0,656 6,63 7,764 3,036,877 0,99 3,66 4,65,749,70 49,854 5,53 0,597 6,33 7,780 3,06,989 0,99 3,69 4,607,935,70 Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers,38, ,767 4,9 63,844,387 6,457 5, ,88, ,453 4,993 64,46,357 63, 04 5, ,34, ,43 5,050 65,363,358 64,005 5,98 506, 3, , 8 5, 65,907,394 64, 53 6, ,38, ,04 5,346 66,859,389 65,470 6,35 474,389, ,97 5,74 67,643,37 66,7 6, ,44, ,04 5,83 68,759, ,359 6,3 48,48, ,56 5,65 69,95,365 67,930 6,4 466,46, ,459 5,37 70,4,33 68,89 6, ,409, ,0 5,85 70,S35,79 69,656 6,543 45S,409, ,5 5,43 70,7 4,0 69,584 6, ,40, ,596 5,360 7,36,48 6 9,988 6,74 473, 436, ,9 5,393 7,736,33 70,503 6, PERSONS AT WORK Nonagricultural industries Fulltime schedules Part time for economic reasons Usually work full time Usually work part time Part time for noneconorrtic reasons 79,965 65,50 3,438,78,60,05 80,680 66,0 3,365,77,085,94 8,480 66,99 3,39,5,989,3 8,450 67,654 3,35, 53,06,48 83,339 68,344 3,66,43,03,79 83,994 69,55 3, 67, 9,975,67 85,83 70,473 3,79,7,007 86,068 86,833 70,936 7,596 3,57 j 3,59,98,9 58,8,93 87,637 7,3C6 3, 97,5,946 87,38 7,33 3,8,S4 88,78 73,04 3,46,336,90 88,8 73,3 3,409,49,989,06,874,078, 34,966,494,90 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See article on page 9. 63

66 HOUSEHOLD DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED QUARTERLY AVERAGES A53. Job desire of persons not in labor force by current activity, reasons for not seeking work, sex, and race, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] ii in I iv i i II i in i iv II III TOTAL j j Both sexes, 6 years and over: j not in labor force. j 59, 9 59, ,9 59;59,6!58,85;58,8 68i 58,4 3i58,458' 58,384; 5&,55j 58,84 58,568 58,84 I. ' > i Do not want job now 53,79 53, 68 53,70 53,398j 53,5j 5 3,563 i 53, 69! 5, 98; 53,068 : 53,38; 53,666 5,955 53,563 Current activity:! Going to school,3 3 6, 73 6, 59 i 6,4 6,00) 6,6i 6,7 i 6,007J 5,969! 5,944J 5,976 5,974 6,003 III. disabled,600 4, 7 4,509j 4,567 4,395 4,505 i 4,573; 4,,44; 4,69! 4,563 4,54 4,480 4,540 Keeping house,349 30, ,098 30,3 30 9,7; 9,647 9,, 4 5, 9, 96 9, 3 03 S, 5 8, 7 3 8,736 Retired,787 8, 7 9,05 9,045 ^036 9,408: 9,96 9,4C0; 9,466] 9,583; 9,S79 9,978 0,06 Other,74 3, 47 3,3 53 3, 44b,38 3,633! 3,56 3,675' 3,708j 3,845; 3,954 3,799 4,078 Want a job now,4 54 5, 535 5,759 5,88,570 5,4 34 5,39! 5,386; 5,6! 5,46! 5,S0 5,57 5,87 Reason not looking: School attendance,5 00,59,53!,587j,54,4 5 I,455!,35!,343:,378,564,493 Ill health, disability i 808' ! 7 54'. 7 03; 7! J Home responsibilities,9,5,7b:, 78,, 6!,36! 7!,9J,7,0!,66,38 Think cannot get job, ,058!, ; 8 36! 85 V 77; 7 4C 8G7i Jobmarket factors ; ; C7j Personal factors 68 8S 38 37! 34 8 i 300 I 39' 8! ! 00 8 Other reasons,05,4 0, 7 j,5;,j, 69 j,50;, 5),97j, IS j,078;,94,064 I Males not in labor force. Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance... Ill health, disability.. Think cannot get job. Other reasons 6,400 6,568 6,503 6,64; 6,44! 6,587 I 6,586 I 6,74! 6,675! b,588j6,s56 6,948 4,753 j4,8 4,66*4,8 08:4,658 4,885 4,889\5,050; 4,95!5,CJ5,395J 5,77,668 ;,673!,779,806,703,74,647,7C0,676;,679,537*,36 7 7; 70 j 353! 3 8 \ 7 6 i 98 ' 90' 33; G ; 3 58! 6 86; 76! 56: 3 9! , 5,485, Females not in labor force... Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons d3j4,40 4,8 4,846:4,76: 4,709 4,6674,868 4,60 4,63 39,038! 38, ,50 8; ! 38,467; 38,683 38,80! 37,878; 38, 5 38,6j 38,7 37,778 38,078 3,785 3,86 3, 9 8 C \ 4 0J 3867} 3,867} 309 3,0 ; I 3, ,686J 3686J 3,584j 3584j 3,566J 3566J 3, ,70 3,56 j /! ; 704; ! 7! ! : 4.^6' ' 376! 395 j 389! ,9i, 5,78 I,78;, j,6,6!,9,7:,0,66,38 649j ' J ? 7S i White not in labor force Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 5,7 09 5,757J5,409j5,504\ 5,36 5,4 79 5,0 74 5, ,9 SO,69 6j 5,0j 50,988 47,53C 47,J90 47,08'47,309 46,945! 47,4 9 47,60 46,9 3; 46,354 46,850! 47,76: 46,845 4,65 4,67; 4,35 4,7 4,98 4,54 3,977 4,56 3,9 3,99' 3,9 9 4,74,0 87 j,79, , ! 8 "50 I 50! 978! 69 ; ! r09i,09,038 57! 559: ! ! 660 M3J 9 3' , 0; 536! 56: 96; 3! 569; 585' ; 96 S85 ; 54V S5 57! SB6 S66I, 5C5 59 S s:9,00 5,45 46,983 4,04, Black and other not in labor force Do not want job now Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance III health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 7,454'. 7,54 7,68 7,607 6,49 6,44i 6,37 6,305 6,45,37!,87,93,345,36 357: 04! J " , t Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "horns responsiblitius/' NOTE: Data in this table havi bean revised. Set; article on page 9. 64

67 A54. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex lln thousands) HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES Reasons for not seeking work Age ir years and over TOTAL not in labor force... Do not want a job now... Current activity: Going to school Ill disabled Keeping house Retired Other... 58,307 53,97 7,63 4,533 9,006 9,337,790 58,744 53,77 7,676 4,445 8,440 0,050 3,06 7,6 5,999 5, ,33 5,9 5, ,536 3,795,774, ,584 3,788,740 38, ,705 9,50 679,0 4,478 9,663,376 8,99 75,053 4,97 05,8 4,850 4,53 9,5,40 9, ,55 5,09 5,0,47 9, Want a job now 5,009 5,06,8, ,455, Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Jobmarket factors Personal factors Other reasons,8 738, ,0,44 768, , Males not in labor force 6,959 7,50 3,35 3,43,397,43 3,069 3,5 9,4 9,53 Do not want a job now. Current activity: Going to school III, disabled Keeping house Retired Other 5,40 3,867, ,73,556 5,9 3,878,45 7 7,597,749,740, ,803, , , , , ,686 3, ,873,3 09 7, ,53,5 86 7,44 500,548, Reason not looking: School attendance III health disability Think cannot get job Other reasons ' Females not in labor force... 4,348 4,4 3,864 3,809 3,39 3,7 8,636 8,3 5,708 6,038 Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school.. Ill, disabled Keeping house.. Retired Other. 37,887 3,764,095 8,730,064,34 37,806 3,799,030 8,68,453,356 3,60, ,8, , ,589 49, , , , , , ,379 7,09,, ,764 3,068,060,49 84 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance.... Ill health, disability... Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 3, , , , , , Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." NOTE: Detail in tables A54, A55, and A57 may not add to notinlaborforce totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.

68 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A55. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex [In thousands] Reasons for not seeking work WHITE tv ] 978 Tot** ] Age in years ] $ and over fn $9 Males Sex Females not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities... Think cannot get job Other reasons BLACK AND OTHER 50,89 47,088 6,68 3,65 6,46 8,483,34 3, ,036 47,04 6,66 3,585 5,807 9,097,549 3,83, ,375 7,996 5,599 7,849 43, ,337 7,807 5,573,69 43, ,95 7,067 56,756 3,53 4,37, , 590 6, , 598, , 503, ,59,030 6,78,46 8, ,08,68 5,876,73 8, ,486 3,36 3,38,00 9 6,656,93, ,885 3,648 3,05, ,895,40, ,333 33,76 3,030,64 6,33,87,03, ,5 33,556 3,06,557 5,607,0,9, not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities... Think cannot get job Other reasons * 7,487 6,07,463 88, , ,708 6,5,50 858, , ,377, ,479, ,790, , , 785, , ,3, ,443, ,67, ,05 4, , ,09 4, , Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." A56. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason [In thousands]. ~ 4th Quarter Agt in yaars Race Detailed reason for not seeking work and White Black and TOTAL Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training... Other personal handicap Jobmarket factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available Males Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training... Other personal handicap Jobmarket factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training... Other personal handicap Jobmarket factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available

69 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A57. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous months by age, race, and sex [Numbers in thousands] Most recent work experience and reason for leaving job, not in labor force... Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Left job during previous months.. Percent distribution by reason... School, home responsibilities.. Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job All other reasons Males, not in labor force... Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Left job during previous months.. Percent distribution by reason... School, home responsibilities.. Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job All other reasons Females, not in labor force. Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Left job during previous months.. Percent distribution by reason... School, home responsibilities.. Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job All other reasons 58,307 8,793 8,47 0,679 0, ,959,955 7,6 3,686 4, ,348 6,838,0 6,993 6, ,744 8,894 9,44 0,353 0, ,50,056 7,83 3,460 4, ,4 6,838,33 6,893 6, ,75 4,407 48,60 5, ,749, , ,003,699,6, ,87 4,44 60,65 5, ,836, , ,980,679 6,04, ,705,985 0,966 5,57 3, ,069 9,060, ,636,766 9,905 4,3, Age in years 559,376,04 0,96 4,88 3, ,5 67, ,3,837 9,636 3,984, ,850,400 7,04 3,90, ,4 7 6,0, ,708,373,083, ,55,366 7,967 3,856, , ,56, ,038,3,45, ,89 6,946 5,448 9,400 9, ,486,38 6,79 3,38 3, ,333 5,564 9,769 6,6 5, ,036 6,93 5,956 9,084 9, ,885,4 6,79 3,07 3, ,5 5,5 9,65 6,03 5, ,487,847,970,78, , ,05,74, Black and other 7,708,96 3,88,69, ,67 635, ,09,37, A58. Workseeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend to seek work within next months by age, race, and sex [In thousands] Workseeking intentions and work history 64 Age in years and over Wh : *" Black and other Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next months Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Worked during previous months... 48,373 9,933,533,08,934 5,358 48,843 9,899,549,9,840 5,38 5,909 5,843, ,75 5,906 5,90, ,804 8,50 3, ,059,37 8,03 3, ,350 4, , ,799 8,00,0 889,487 4,54 4,90 8,5,7 897,436 4,60 5,573, , 93, Males Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next months Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Worked during previous months... Females Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next months Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago, Last worked to 5 years ago Worked during previous months 3,80 3, ,393 35,093 6, ,49,965 3,759 3, ,383 35,084 6, ,30,998,04, ,905 3,885 3, ,848,, ,99 3,794 3, ,885, ,806, ,0, ,540, ,03 8,83 38 _ , , , ,439 3, ,077 3,360 4, ,077,465,806 3, ,069 3,4 5, ,008,54, ,733, , , 970,

70 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A59. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands] Employment status Hispanic origin TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. 59,9 6,59 40,336 4,468 6,797 7,79 7,5 7,93 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 0, ,00 3,5 9,796 5,605 5«,307 03, ,049 3,40 94,80 5,798 58,744 89, ,30,900 8,330 4,87 50,89 9, ,956,950 84,008 4,473 4.S 5,036 0,308 9,3 6 8,85, 95 6,489 0,50 6 9, ,07,99 6,670 4, , , ,665 5,06 6 4,66 0 4, ,86 Males, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. 67,489 68,84 59,90 6,00 6,460 6,63 3,074 3,4 Civilian labor force., Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 53, ,853,39 49,53,030 3.S 3,607 54, ,545,389 50,56,90 4,078 48, ,490,069 44,40,566,846 48, ,077,53 44,94,698,6 4, ,50 4, ,56 5, ,5S8 97 4, ,587,63 8,487 40, ,758 8,599 80, Females, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. 76,003 77,45 66, ,659 8, C6 8,37 3,444 3,656 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 38, , ,89,3 37,483 39, , ,4,8 37,433 33, , ,00,606 33,99 34, ,8 53 3,90,66 33,75 4,5 5 4, , ,585 4,66 5 4,00 3 4, ,666,76 49,567 6, ,78,778 48,604 4, ,878 Both sexes, 69 years Civilian noninstitutional population. 6,49 6,35 3,898 3,807,3, 994,05 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 9, , ,443,45 7,6 9, 9 5 7, ,4, ,33 8,4 59 7, ,80,5 5,674 8, ,05S 66 6,794,4 5, , S3 3, Data relate to black workers only. According to the 970 Census, they comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group. 3 Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white. 68

71 A60 Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican r and Cuban origin by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Employment status TOTAL Hispanic ori yv; "" i j 9 7 B j i origin Puerto Bican origin HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES Cuban origin.. Civilian noninstitutional population 7,93 4,456 4,746,064, Civilian labor force Percent of population., Employment.. Agriculture. Nonagricultu r al industries Unemployment..., Unemployment rate... Not in labor force 4, j 4'; ,7 39,665 5,06 63,9 4,66 0 4, ,36,99? 67.,76?! 6 J ,464 3,73 66,884 98, , , Males, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.. 3,074 3,4,90, Civilian labor force Percent of population... Employment Agriculture Nonagriculturai industries... Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in iabor force,6:n 8.3,6,487 40, ,758 8,599 80, ,8 484,67 87,59, ,78 87,679 64, Females, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force! Percent of population... Employment Agriculture Nonagricultura! industries Unemployment Unemployment rate , ,78 3,656, , ,8,878, ,076, , Not in iabor force... Both sexes, 69 year:; 994, Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagriculturai industries.. Unemployment Unemployment rate.... Not in labor force ,4 " Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not shown separately. Percent not shown where oase is less than 60, , 68 NOTE: See note, table A () () 06 8 () () () 38 69

72 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A6. Employed persons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] White Black and other Hispanic origin Selected categories CHARACTERISTICS, 6 years and over Males Females 96,00 55,896 40,4 98,049 56,533 4,56 85,30 50,9 35,039 86,958 50,74 36,7 0,780 5,705 5,075,09 5,79 5,300 4,455,75,740 4,66,85,774 OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers 48,45 4,686 0,5 6,6 7,46 3,976,6, 3,637 4,607,95,668 50,34 5,39 0,69 6,438 7,946 3,58,974,064 3,643 4,476,946,604 44,444 3,398 9,65 5,845 5,575 8,00,67 9,48 3,099 3,8 0,367,40 46,3 3,988 0,04 6, 5,980 8,007,930 9,334 3,085 3,658 0,456,38 3,97, ,84 3, , , ,30, ,967 4,50,044, ,489, , , ,54 640, MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and saiary workers Government Private industries Private households Other industries Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers,34,598 75,003,564,439,345,094,368 44,35, ,689 5,650 7,038,63 70,775 6,740 38,097, ,95 3,077 6, ,977 5, ,35, ,39 3,00 64, ,57 6, ,05,487 7, , ,370,450 7, , , , , ,9 66 3, , FULL AND PARTTIME STATUS Fulltime schedules Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons 78,358 3,5 4,537 79,903 3,360 4,787 69,430,550 3,50 70,696,758 3,504 8,97 565,87 9,07 60,8 3, , See footnote, table A59. Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed proportionately among the full and parttime employed categories. 70

73 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A6. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories [in thousands] Hispanic origin Mexican origin Puerto Rican origin Cuban origin Selected categories CHARACTERISTICS Males 4,455,75,740 4,66,85,774,76,745,07,884,86, OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm... Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers, , , ,54 640, , , MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagriculturel industries: Wage and salary workers Government. Private industries Private households Other industries Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers , , , ,9 66 3, , ,49 407,086 55, , ,00 64, FULL AND PARTTIME STATUS Fulltime schedules Part time for economic reasons... Part time for noneconomic reasons 3, , , , See footnote, table A60. See footnote, table A6. 7

74 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A63. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin tin thousands] White Black Hispanic origin Sex and age 96,00 98,049 85,30 86,958 9,3 9,30 4,455 4,66 6 tr 9 years 6 to 7 years.. 8 to 9 years.. 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 55 years and < ver 7,76 3,43 4,68 3,73 74,57 60,4 4,375 7,69 3,4 4,55 3,856 76,50 6,986 4,55 7,09,97 4,93,54 65,967 5,988,979 7,059,9 4,38,49 67,650 54,544 3, ,334 7,3 5,998, ,348 7,45 6,4, ,7, ,399 3, Males, 6 years and over 55,896 56,533 50,9 50,74 4,800 4,860,75,85 6 to 9 years.. 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years... 4,044,67,47 7,384 44,468 35,578 8,890 3,988,633,355 7,453 45,09 36,34 8,859 3,70,500,0 6,589 39,90 3,84 8,078 3,664,59,46 6,66 40,46 3,39 8, ,835 3, ,894 3, ,06, ,8,877 5 Females 6 years and over 40,4 4,56 35,039 36,7 4,33 4,450,740,774 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 3,77,56,9 6,348 30,049 4,563 5,486 3,704,508,97 6,403 3,409 5,753 5,656 3,408,47,99 5,565 6,066,65 4,90 3,395,403,99 5,63 7,90,53 5, ,398, ,556 3, ,54, ,7,7 45 See footnote, table A59. See footnote, table A59. A64. Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin White Black Hispanic origin Sex and age 6 years and over to 9 years... 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years. 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over ,3 Males 6 vears and over to 9 years 6 to 7 years to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years Fetvja'es 6 years and over to 9 years 6 to 7 years.. 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and o\if r See footnote, table A59. See footnote, table A59. 7

75 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A65. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] White Black and other Hispanic origin Weeks of unemployment Duration, 6 years and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over Average (mean) duration, in weeks. Median duration, in weeks 5,605,65,88, ,798,794,903, ,87,09, ,473,37, , , Percent distribution unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over See footnote, table A59. A66. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] White Black and other Hispanic origin Reason for unemployment NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED, 6 years and over Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 5,605,83 68, , ,798,588 86,76 86, ,87, ,40 70, ,473,05 690,36 688,90 480, , PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Job losers, On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants,5.. See footnote, table A59. 73

76 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A67. Employment status of male Vietnamera veterans and nonveterans by age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Civilian labor force Veteran status and age Civilian noninrtitutional population Employed Number Unemployed Percent of labor force VETERANS 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 8, , , , , , to 39 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 years and over 6,998,75 3,54, ,89,356 3,633, ,74,076 3,405, ,95,747 3,536, ,490,958 3,3 07, ,686,658 3,438, NONVETERANS, 5 to 39 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 4,0 6,337 4,09 3,655 4,93 6,833 4,30 3,788 3,358 6,0C6 3,848 3,505 4,3 6,487 4,6 3,68,877 5,738 3,730 3,409 3,656 6, 9 3,954 3, ne Vietnamera veterans are those who served between August 5, 964 and May Monveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited to those 539 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnamera veteran population. A68. Employment status of male VietnamEra veterans and nonveterans 5 to 39 years by age, race, and Hispanic origin, quarterly averages, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employment status Black and other Hispanic origin Black and other Hispanic origin 3, 5 to 39 years: Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 6,333 6,7 5,95 0 6,444 6,4 6, ,9,660,93 367, ,, ,88,697, ,95,735, ,056, to 9 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate,94,857,769 88,604,508, ,537 5,305 5, ,03 5.,774 5^, to 34 yean Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 3,5 3,5 3, ,309 3,3 3, ,454 3,35 3,43 8 3,694 3,560 3, to 39 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate....,76,45,7 8,53,485, (3) (3) 3,38 3,030, ,8 3,6 3,, See footnote, table A67. See footnote. table A59. Percent not shown where base is less than

77 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A69. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolhan areas by sex, age, and race (Numbers in thousands) Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Employment status Central cities Suburbs Civilian noninstitutional population... Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 08,490 69, ,065 3,884 38,54 0,48 7, ,75 3,999 38,730 45,733 8, ,60, ,77 46,000 8, ,987,97 6 7,044 6,757 4, ,463,99,364 64,48 4, ,767,08,687 5,43 3, ,945,7 9,766 5,09 3, ,97,799 0,03 4,795 3,004 6,939 65,79 4,58,884 6,83 6.,698 46,636 8,66 7,006,656 7,96 47,57 9, 7,474,738 8,35 Males, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population... Civilian labor force Percent of population... Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 45,65 36, ,497,4 8,744 46,577 8,89 37,50 4, ,985 3,893, ,076 4,6 8,960 4, , , 6,833,5 8, ,58 7,68,754 8, ,864,837 6, , ,863,36 7, , ,00,57,785 8, ,098,7 8, ,680 5, , ,49 0,38 5, , ,65 Females, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population... Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 5,768 6, ,308,456 5,004 5,9 8, ,50,535 4,86,544,6 5 0, ,9,670,956 5, ,74 9,4 5,43 5 4, ,08 30,4 6, , ,5 4,35,756 48, ,479 4,53,947 48,30 645,566, ,, ,075,0 0, ,98 647,357,547, ,49 67,49 Both sexes, 69 years Civilian noninstitutional population... Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force,070 6, ,6,07 4,79 0,99 6,05 5 5, ,787 4,370,78 5., ,093 4,37,53 5, ,7 6,700 4, ,44 558,699 6,6 3, ,44 50,670 5,359,935 5., ,44 5,360,94 5, , ,755,68 5, 46,7 4,843,643 5, ,99 White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 93,65 60,6 6 57,756, ,04 94,89 35,059 6,933, ,978 0,859,955,49 3,958 3,050 35,054,89 6,37,5,766 58,593 38, ,897,705 9,99 59,837 39, ,84,804 0,93 46,685 8, ,474,43 7,778 47,576 9, ,980,58 8,078 4,476,840 6,788 5,636 4,34,755 6,706 50,568 4,09 6, ,686,380 6,4 43,5 6, ,74,468 6,50 Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population... Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 4,839 9, ,309 l,03c C 0C 5,590 9,88 63.C 8,774, ,77 0,674 6, , ,6 0,947 6, , ,78 4,65, , ,374 4,644 3,50 67, ,494 4,747, , ,988 4,533, , , ,48,595 58, ,833 4,75,469 57, ,806 75

78 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A70. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race (Number in thousands) United States Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Employment status Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas L979 Nonpoverty areas Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population... Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate... Not in labor force 8,836 6,47 5 4,907,339 8?,589 8,98 6,37 5 5,05,76 7,59 3,086 85, ,03 4,65 45,77 33,673 87,50 6 8,998 4,5 46,53,039 6, , ,976 0,94 6, , ,96 97,45 63, ,706 3,8 33,564 99,558 65, ,403 3,34 33,84 7,796 0, , ,63 7,994 0, , ,674 33,635,48 0,397 6,085,53 34,5, ,594,8,339 White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population... Employed... Unemployed Unemployment rate... Not in labor force 0,354, , ,675 0,59,85 57,38 n 688 8,693 9,983 77, ,55 3,584 4,44,949 79, ,8 3,786 4,34 5,69 3,77 5, ,54 5,493 3,096 5, ,397 87,96 57, ,835,598 30,57 89,399 58, ,37,700 30,56 4,66 8, , ,6 5,06 8, , ,97 3,0 0, ,40 986,67 3,550 0, ,684,085,78 Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population... Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 8,48 4, , ,94 8,399 4,50 5 3, ,897,03 7, , ,574,74 7, , ,8 5,348,886 5, ,463 5,43,9 5, ,50 9,490 6, , ,037 0,60 6, , ,53 3,34,683 5,493 90,45,969,59 5,406 85,377,63, ,565, A7. Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race United States Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Sex, age, and race Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Both sexes, 6 years and over... Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over... Both sexes, 69 years White Both sexes, 6 years and over... Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over... Both sexes, 69 years Black and other Both sexes, 6 years and over... Males, 0 years and over... Females, 0 years and over... Both sexes, 69 years

79 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A7. Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members (Numbers in thousands) Percent of unemployed: Percent of unemployed: Family relationship With no employed person in family With at least With at least one person in one employed family employed full person in family time With no employed person in family With at least With at (east one person in one employed family employed full person in family time TOTAL Unemployed total Unemployed in families'..... Husbands 3 Wives Relatives in husbandwife families Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed, not in families 3 5,605 4, ,06, ,798 4,950,096,59, White Unemployed total.... Unemployed, in families' Husbands :... Wives Relatives in husbandwife families Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed, not in families 3 4,87 3,638 80,09, ,473 3, , Black 4 Unemployed total Unemployed, in families Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families... Women who head families Relatives of female heads..... Unemployed, not in families 3,95, ,99, In primary families only. Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head families. Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families. 4 According to the 970 Census, black workers comprised about I "black and other" population group. I percent of the 77

80 HOUSEHOLD DATA QUARTERLY AVERAGES A73. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members (Numbers in thousands) Percent of employed: TV Percent of employed: Family relationship With no other With another employed person in family employed person in family With another person in family employed full time With no other With another employed person in family employed person in family With another person in family employed full time TOTAL Employed, total Employed, in families... Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families 96,00 8,485 39,859,487, ,049 86,657 39,940 3,07, , 9, 93, Women who head families Relatives of female heads. Employed, not in families 3. 4,53 3,335 3, ,698 3,50 4, White Employed, total 85, , Employed, in families Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families. 73,468 36,309 0,93, ,4 36,400 0,85, Women who head families. Relatives of female heads. Employed, not in families 3.. 3,35,5, ,4,694, Black 4 Employed, total 9, , Employed, in families... Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families 7,68,94, ,757,94, Women who head families.. Relatives of female heads.. Employed, not in families 3..., , ,94 75, See footnote, table A7. See footnote, table A7. See footnote 3, table A 7. See footnote 4, table A7. 78

81 B. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls by industry division. 90 to date ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL EMPLOYMENT Year and month Goodsproducing turing Transportation public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Finance, insurance, and real estate State and local S58 959i P.. : DEC. : JAN.. FEB.. HAB.. APR.. HAY.. JON.. J0L.. AUG.. SEPT. OCT.. HOV.P EEC.P 7,34G 8,766 9,806 9,96 9,986 3,34 9,409 6,635 3,65 3,699 5 #94C 7,039 9,068 3,0 9,94 30,603 3,36 36,53S 40,06 4,434 4,864 40,374 4,65 43,857 44,866 43,754 45,97 47,89 48,7S 50,0 48,990 50,64 5,369 5,853 5,34 53,66 54,89 53,999 55,549 56,653 58,83 60,765 63,90 65,803 67,897 70,384 70,880 7, 4 73,675 76,790 78,65 76,945 79,38 8,43 86,446 89,497 88,893 87,8 87,33 88,07 88,80 89,67 90,54 89,68 89,673 90, 90,678 90,908 9,79,760,489, 9, 738,68 3, 30,958 0,7 8, 647 8,965 0,6 0,893, 933,936,40,97 3, 5,963 8,470 0, 4 9, 38 7, 507 7, 48 8, 509 8, 774 7, 565 8, 506 9, 959 0, 98, 074 9, 75 0, 53, 04 0, 964 9, 53 0, 4 0,434 9,857 0,45 0, 640, 005, 96 3, 58 3, 308, 3,737 4,36 C 3,577 C,935 3,668 4,893 4,794,600 3,35 4,346 5,597 6,579 6,0 5,67 5,647 6,039 6,5 6,594 7,083 6,934 7,030 7,56 7,05 6,836 6,655,39,089,85,4,050,087, , ,46,570,63,6,5,387, ,60,7,070,65.3, ,08 47.,683,009,98,94,364,637,668,659,646,839 3,039,96,87 3,004,96,859,948 3,00 3,097 3,3 3,37 3,48 3,350 3,575 3,588 3,704 3,889 4,097 4,00 3,55 3,576 3,85 4,7 4,64 4,4^0 3,998 3,957 4,6 4,43 4,66 4,88 4,993 5,048 4,984 4,976 4,877 4,688 0,658 9,939 0,56 0,00 9,947 0,70 9,56 8,70 6,93 7,397 8,50 9,069 9,87 0,794 9,440 0,78 0,985 3,9 5,80 7,60 7,38 5,54 4,703 5,545 5,58 4,44 5,4 6,393 6,63 7,549 6,34 6,88 7,43 7,74 5,945 6,675 6,796 6,36 6,853 6,995 7,74 8,06 9,4 9,447 9,78 0,67 9,367 8,63 9,5 0,54 0,077 8,33 8,997 9,68 0,476 0,979 0,90 0,763 0,775 0,887 0,907 0,988,34 0,965 0,996,9,094 0,974 0,975 4,605 6,304 6,93 7,53 7,397 8,053 7,48 6,39 4,996 4,76 5,707 6,75 7,64 8,05 7,83 6,544 7,304 8,65 9,730 0,498 0,69 0,90, 5,348 6,09 6,89 6,690 7,86 8,595 9,7 9,38 30,8 3,64 3,888 3,80 3,858 33,756 34,4 35,098 36,04 37,77 38,838 40,744 4,496 44,58 C 46,0 c 47,30 48,76 C 50,007 5,897 53,47 54,345 56,030 58,077 60,849 6,98 6,673 6,457 6,684 6,68 6,568 63,077 63,458 6,684 6,643 63,055 63,66 64,07 64,54 3,998 3,86 3,94 3,895 3,88 3,96 3,685 3,54,86,67,750,786,973 3, 34,863,936 3,038 3,74 3,460 3,647 3,89 3,906 4,06,66,89,00,034,6 i,48 ^,90 4,084 4, 4 4,44 4,4 3,976 4,0 4,004 3,903 3,906 3,903 3,95 4,036 4, 58 4,68 4,38 4,44 4,55 4,476 4,54 4,656 4,75 4,54 4,58 4,73 4,97 5, 54 5,084 5,00 5,08 5,060 4,989 5,5 5,3 5,00 5,0 5,4 5,44 5,53 5,55 4,467 5,576 5,784 5,908 5,874 6,3 5,797 5,84 4,683 4,755 5,8 5,43 5,809 6,65 6,79 6,46 6,750 7,0 7,8 6,98 7,058 7,34 8,376 8,955 9,7 9,64 9,386 9,74 0,004 0,47 0,35 0,535 0,858 0,886 0,750,7,39,337,566,778,60,75 3,45 3,606 4,099 4,705 5,040 5,35 5,949 6,607 6,987 7,060 7,755 8,56 9,499 0,40 0,53 9,765 9,548 9,690 9,957 0,9 0, 0,8 0,37 0,60 0,34 0,575 0,978,76,835,960,906,8,845,949,9,47,605,60,635,77,8,854,867,96 3,08 3,08,980 3,08 3, 43 3, 33 3, 98 3,48 3,337 3,466 3,597 3,689 3,779 3,907 3,993 4,00 4,3 4,77 4,43 3 4,45 4,546 4,708 4,957 5,73 5,09 5,066 5,067 5,098 5, 5, 46 5, 5,08 5, 5,06 5,35 5,49 5,6 4,664 4,94 5,5 5, 5,60 5,4 5,365 6,084 6,485 6,667 6,66 6,75 7,05 7,9 7,393 7,368 7,60 7,840 7,858 7,770 8,045 8,48 8,04 8,368 8,530 8,83 9,50 9,648 9,97 0,30 0,798,047,35,836,39,554,645 3,09 3,808 4,54 4,968 5,43 4,699 4,48 4,59 4,845 4,973 5,0 4,90 4,96 5,054 5,079 5,36 5,76,60,8,90,35,40,494,460,39,3 6,80,304,30,373,47,40,447,485,55,505,48,46,48,675,78,800,88,888,956,035,,00,98,389,438,48,549,69,688,754,830,9, 977 3,058 3,85 3,337 3,5 3,645 3,77 3,908 4,046 4,48 4,65 4,7 4,467 4,77 4,964 4,83 4,89 4,845 4,870 4,900 4,936 5,003 5,03 5,053 5,00 5,03 5,03 5,055,35,857 3,033 3,54 3,5 3,45 3,36 3,69,98,86 3,045 3,8 3,3 3^503 3,458 3,50 3,665 3,905 4,066 4,30 4,45 4, 4,697 5,05 5,8 5,40 5,357 5,547 5,699 5,835 5,969 6,40 6,497 6,708 6,765 7,087 7,378 7,60 7,98 8,77 8,660 9,036 9,498 0,045 0,567,69,548,797,76,857 3,44 3,89 4,55 5,303 6,0 7,047 6,547 6,353 6,545 6,749 6,897 7,039 7,39 7,34 7,3 7,5 7,9 7,97 7,98,603,800,846,95,995 3,065 3,48 3,64 3,5 3,66 3,99 3,48 3,668 3,756 3,883 3,995 4,0 4,660 5,483 6,080 6,043 5,944 5,595 5,474 5,650 5,856 6,06 6,389 6,609 6,645 6,75 6,94 7,78 7,66 7,839 8,083 8,353 8,594 8,890 9,5 9,596 0,074 0,784,39,839,95,554,88 3,334 3,73 4,70 4,686 4,87 5,079 5,476 5,63 5,687 5,500 5,78 5,799 5,85 5,858 5,763 5,00 4,93 5,36 5,763 5,96 5, ,340,3,905,98,808,54,89,863,908,98,30,40,305,88,87,09,7,9,33,70,79,340,358,348,378,564,79,737,75b,73,696,684,663,74,748,733,77,753,773,733,730,738,740,750,773,84,838,844,75,756,760,770,53,6,704,666,60,647,78,84,93 3,054 3,090 3,06 3,30 3,70 3, 75 3,6 3,37 3,34 3,58 3,787 3,948 4,098 4,087 4,88 4,340 4,563 4,77 5,069 5,399 5,648 5,850 6,083 6,35 6,550 6,868 7,48 7,696 8,0 8,67 9,0 9,437 9,83 0,85 0,649,068,446,937,38,35,73,840,954,770,980 3,059 3,075 3,085,939,8,0b7,575 3,007 3,56 3,68 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 959. This inclusion has resulted in an increase of,000(0 percent) in the nonagricultural total for the March 959 benchmark month. p = preliminary. c=corrected. 79 Digitized for FRASER

82 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry [In thousands] AlltmployMs Production workers 97 SIC Code Nov. Oct. Hoy. H p Nov. Oct. Nov. p p TOTAL 88,6 88,893 90,678 90,908 9,79 PRATE SECTOR 7,99 73,06 74,95 74,99 75,4 59,773 60,0 6,50 6,9 6,540 MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COAL MINING BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING , OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS... Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel Chemical and fertilizer minerals CONSTRUCTION 4,584 4,40 4,976 4,877 4,688 3,69 3,50 4,0 3,96 3, GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction, , , , , , , HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway , 5, , 63 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS DURABLE GOODS, ,903,583 8,30, ,90,66 8,86, ,094,737 8,357, ,974,669 8,305 0,975,694 8,8, ,058 9,057 6,00, ,047 9,08 5,966, ,08 9,058 6,04, ,96 8,99 5,970 4,969 9,09 5, * LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture...: Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures _ 398 _ See footnotes at end of table. 80

83 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] All employees Production workers 97 SIC Code Nov. Oct. Nov. p p Nov. Oct. Nov. p P , STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Readymixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products Mineral wool PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades... Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and iteel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and acassories, nee Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products , , , , , , U , , ' _ _,8,73 _ _ , ^ , , , _ 95,30 _ _ MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery, , , , ,468.0, , , C, ,6 _ See footnotes at end of table. 8

84 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagricufairal payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] All employees Production workers 97 SIC Code Industry Nov. Oct. Nov. p ^ P NOV. Oct.? r MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Continued Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyers and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans '. Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Machinery, except electrical, nee a ^ ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Currentcarrying wiring devices Noncurrentcarrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment, , , , ,6, , , , , , , , , TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts Guided missiles and space vehicles,073,, , , 38. 0, 9, 65, 54, 68. 9, 73., ,047, 480, , , , , , , ,04, , , , ,40 See footnotes at end of table. 8

85 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagriculturai payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] All employees Production workers 97 SIC Code Industry Nov. Oct. Nov. P? NOV. Oct. Nov. P P TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Continued Miscellaneous transportation equipment Travel trailers and campers INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS. Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases ^ MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Jewelry, precious metal Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Costume jewelry Miscellaneous manufactures Signs and advertising displays NONDURABLE GOODS FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Cheese, natural and processed Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Cane and beet sugar Confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products TOBACCO MANUFACTURES, Cigarettes, , , , , , ,70 66, , , , IS , TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee ' Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills See footnotes at end of table. 83

86 B. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] All employees Production worfctrs 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Oct. Nov. p Dec* P NOV. Oct. Nov. p P ,, , TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Continued Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Floor covering mills. Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes. Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commerical printing Commercial printing, letterpress Commercial printing, lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins. Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations,.. Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,9, , , 7, 44. 3, 7,7, , , , , 63. 7, , , , * , See footnotes at end of table. 84

87 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] All employees Production workers 97 SIC Code NOV. Oct. ' P NOV. Oct. Nov. 97SP p , CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Cont'd Cyclic crudes and intermediates Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials 0. "/ , RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS... Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products , LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods * TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 5,063 5,084 5,44 5,53 5,55 4,49 4,60 4,396 4,398 4, RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION Class I railroads , LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity highway transportation School buses ,3 j 4 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing,37, ,38,9 9,408.0,3 9,409,309 99,9, ,8.3,47 80,4,6 8,4, WATER TRANSPORTATION , TRANSPORTATION BY AIR Air transportation PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SERVICES COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS. AND SANITARY SERVICES Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services 7,6, ,69,05, ,30, ,33, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 0,095 0,53 0,34 0,575 0,978 7,75 8,38 7,85 8, 0 8,495 WHOLESALE TRADE 5,069 5,09 5,35 5,49 5,6 4,74 4, 87 4,300 4,30 4, WHOLESALE TRADE DURABLE GOODS.. Motor vehicles and automotive equipment.. Furniture and home furnishing Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods... Metals and minerals, except petroleum... Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment, , , , , , , , See footnotes at end of table, 85

88 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagricufoiral payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] Production workers 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Oct. Nov. p P NOV. Oct. Nov. p P WHOLESALE TRADEDURABLE GOODS Continued Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods,88 0,95,5 0,5 0, ,0 78.0, WHOLESALE TRADENONDURABLE GOODS Paper and paper products Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distilled beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods, , , , , , , , RETAIL TRADE 5,06 5,43 5,079 5,36 5,76 3,55 3,95 3,55 3,79 4, BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES Lumber and other building materials Hardware stores C GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores,45, ,64, ,6.,89 8 5,40, ,99,889 8,487, ,07,7 6. 3,48, FOOD STORES Grocery stores Meat markets and freezer provisioners Retail bakeries,6,97 5 7,90.3,99 5 8,308,03 5 6,34, ,089,8 7,,84 8.3,30,877,6, AUTOMOTE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations, , , , , , , , APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores , FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES Furniture and home furnishings Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores EATING AND DRINKING PLACES 4,39,39 4,60 4,579 3,980. 3, ,4 4, MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL Drug stores and proprietary stores Liquor stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee, , ,909* , , , , , FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE? 4,87 4,83 5,03 5,03 5,055 3,669 3,679 3,800 3,808 3,87 60 BANKING Commercial and stock savings banks,447,3,45,38.,497.0,366.,508,376,8,06.,3,030,56,050,6, CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS Savings and loan associations Personal credit institutions SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND SERVICES Security brokers and dealers INSURANCE CARRIERS Life insurance,89 58,9 59,0 54., Sw footnotes at end of table. 86

89 ESTABLISHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagricuftural payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] All employees Production workers 97 SIC Code Industry MOV Oct. Nov. p NOV. Oct. Nov. p 97fP INSURANCE CARRIERS Continued Medical service and health insurance Fire, marine, and casualty insurance INSURANCE AGENTS. BROKERS, AND SERVICE REAL ESTATE Real estate operators and lessors Real estate agents and managers Subdivides and developers COMBINED REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE, ETC.. HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES.. SERVICES HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES Hotels, motels, and tourist courts PERSONAL SERVICES Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops.. Funeral service and crematories , , ,9,04, ,97, ,98 4, , , , , BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Credit reporting and collection Mailing, reproduction, stenographic Services to buildings Personnel supply services Computer and data processing services, , , , , , , , AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES Automotive repair shops MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES MOTION PICTURES Motion picture production and services " S Motion picture theaters AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals LEGAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities 68 4, ,587 44, , ,589 44, , ,676 47, , ,000,687 47, , , , , , , , , SOCIAL SERVICES 99,007,0,03 MEMBERSHIP ORGANIZATIONS,530,539,59,608.0 MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Engineering and architectural services.. Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping GOVERNMENT 5,703 5,687 5,763 5,96 5,938 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.,746,733,756,760,770 Executive Department of Defense. Postal Service Oth<ir executive agencies Manufacturing activities Shipbuilding, ,37 7, ,7 7, ,6 0 7, ,4 7 See footnotes at end of table. 87

90 ESTABUSHMENT DATA EMPLOYMENT B. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls by industry Continued All employee* Production workers 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Oct. Nov. P p Nov. Oct. Nov. P p Executive Continued Transportation and public utilities, except Postal Service Services Hospitals Legislative Judicial , _ STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT,957,954 3,007 3, 56 3,68 _ State government Hospitals State education General administration including executive, legislative, and judicial functions Local government Transportation and public utilities Hospitals Local education General administration including executive, legislative, and judicial functions 3,50 55, , ,308,76 3,48 559, , ,330,7 3,537 55, , ,66,78 3,57 56, , ,378,77 v Data relate to production and related workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Beginning January, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000 or more. 3 Data for nonoffice sales agents excluded from nonsupervisory count for all series in this division. 4 Prepared by the Office of Personnel Management. Data relate to civilian employment only and exclude Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies. * Not available. p = preliminary.

91 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry [In thousands] Sept. TOTAL 37,05 PRATE SECTOR. 9,987 MINING 94 METAL MINING 8, COAL MINING , OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION... Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS. Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel ,.3 9 CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS Residential building construction Operative builders, Nonresidentia! building construction, , 38, HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating... Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work , 66 45,.3 0, 9, , ,. 0, 38, 88, 49,., 3,, 6, 3., MANUFACTURING 6,405 6,4 6,5C5 6,56 8 6,576 4, 5, , 63 DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS DURABLE GOODS,966 3,439 3,00 3,40 3,067 3,438 3, 3,446 3,37 3, LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood, and structural members. Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products , ,,3 3, 6, , FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture.... Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture.,. Public building and riated furniture,... Partitions and fixtures, Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures,.,. STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Giass and glassware, pressed or blown... Glass contaniers Pressed and blown glass, nee. Products of purchased glass... Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products. Misc. nonmetaliic mineral products , «6, ,4 09, ,5 8,, 0 5., 0. 0, 3.,8 45., , , , 06., ,,3 8.,9, * 0,,0 36, A , «., , * a, 9 Q 9, PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES. Blast furnace and basic steei products.. Blast furnaces and steel miljs... Iron and steel foundries , C ,

92 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued fin thousands] 97 SIC Code Industry Sept. Oct. Aug. sept. Oct ? PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Continued Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries 0.0 a.3 a ! FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades, Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc. Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, net Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings... Misc. fabricated wire products KJt b S S MACHINERY. EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Oil field machinery Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery Genrf.it industrial machinery Pumps ni\d pumping equipment Sail an«touer bearintjs Office and computing machines Electronic, computing equipment... Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical, Machinery, except electrical, nee ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Hlectrie distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus. Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric house waies and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps *

93 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued 97 SIC Code Industry Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Continued Currentcarrying wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases , MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Miscellaneous manufactures NONDURABLE GOODS FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Oairy products Fluid milk Preserved fruits and vegetables Canned specialties Canned fruits and vegetables Frozen fruits and vegetables Grain mill products, Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products * TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes

94 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] 97 SIC Code Industry sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool. Narrow fabric mills, Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks. Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton, Finishing plants, synthetic Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills... Miscellaneous textile goods m C " APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS... Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishings, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings, , , , , ,, PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper. Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products... Paperboard containers and boxes PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing Commercial printing, letterpress. Commercial printing, lithographic Manifold business forms Blankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services S , CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS. Industiial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee.. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Gum, wood, and industrial organic. chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products

95 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands) 97 SIC Code Industry Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. 9 9 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining , RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products , LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods , c TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES,54,70,3,56, LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Taxicabs Intercity highway transportation School buses ,5 9., 7., 4.,5 34., TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing ,8 30., WATER TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION BY AIR Air transportation PIPE LINES. EXCEPT NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SERVICES.. COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC. GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES. Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. WHOLESALE TRADE WHOLESALE TRADEDURABLE GOODS... Motor vehicles and automotive equipment.. Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods Metals and minerals, except petroleum Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies Miscellaneous durable goods ,383, ,45, e ,635, ,740, ,798, WHOLESALE TRADENONDURABLE GOODS Paper and paper products Druqs, proprietaries, and sundries Apparel, piece goods, and notions Groceries and related products Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and petroleum products Beer, wine, and distihed beverages Miscellaneous nondurable goods

96 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industrycontinued [In tho 97 SIC Coda Sept. Oct. Aug. Sept. Oct. RETAIL TRADE 7,36 7,74 7,39 7,47 7, BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES Lumber and other building materials Hardware stores GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES Department stores Variety stores Misc. general merchandise stores FOOD STORES Grocery stores Meat markets and freezer provisioners... Retail bakeries ,548, ^ ,57. 6, ,4, ,497, ,5, , AUTOMOTE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS New and used car dealers Auto and home supply stores Gasoline service stations APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES.. Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings Women's readytowear stores Family clothing stores Shoe stores ,0 3.,5 46., , , Q FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHING STORES Furniture and home furnishings Household appliance stores Radio, television, and music stores EATING AND DRINKING PLACES.. 8 3, ,,434, 9 7 4, , , MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL Drug stores and proprietary stores Liquor stores Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Nonstore retailers Fuel and ifie dealers Retail stores, nee , FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE BANKING Commercial and stock savings banks CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS.. Savings and loan associations. Personal credit institutions SECURITY, COMMODITY BROKERS, AND SERVICES Security brokers and dealers INSURANCE CARRIERS Life insurance Medical service and health insurance. Fire, marine, and casualty insurance., ,764, ,93, ,96, ,93, INSURANCE AGENTS, BROKERS, AND SERVICE REAL ESTATE Real estate operators and lessors. Real estate agents and managers. Subdivides and developers COMBINED REAL ESTATE. INSURANCE, ETC HOLDING AND OTHER INVESTMENT OFFICES SERVICES 9,478 9,540 0,03 0,05 0, HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES. Hotels, motels, and tourist courts

97 ESTABLISHMENT DATA WOMEN EMPLOYEES B3. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued [In thousands] 97 SIC Code Industry Sept. Oct. Aug. Oct PERSONAL SERVICES Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops Funeral service and crematories C BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Credit reporting and collection Mailing, reproduction, stenographic Services to buildings Personnel supply services Computer and data processing services, , , , , AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES. AND GARAGES.. Automotive repair shops MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES... MOTION PICTURES Motion picture production and services Motion picture theaters AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES. HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals LEGAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities 3, , , , , , , , , ,6 56S , SOCIAL SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping GOVERNMENT 6,949 7,67 6,73 7,8 7 # 486 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT 6,084 6,40 5,84 6,5 6,65 State government Hospitals State education General administration including executive, legislative, and judicial functions Local government Transportation and public utilities Hospitals Local education General administration including executive, legislative, and judicial functions, , , #538.C , ,3 880, , ,68 99, , ,090 9, , ,

98 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B4. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Industry division and group Dec, Feb. Apr. Hay June July Aug. Sept. NovP Deep TOTAL GOODSPRODUCING... MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING.. DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment... Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastic products. Leather and leather products SERVICEPRODUCING. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES GOVERNMENT.. FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 88,33 9 4,469 0,88, ,47,78,404,050, ,98, , ,8, ,86 5,054 9,858 5,077 4,78 4,847 6,630 5,47,734,738 88, ,497 0,958, ,50,75,49,065, ,38, , ,5, ,05 5,07 9,965 5,0 4,863 4,868 6,670 5,477,758,79 88, ,486,05, ,56,733,437,079, ,30, ,37 7,9, ,5 5,094 0,06 5,8 4,898 4,884 6,763 5,495,757,738 89, ,64,,073,75" ,59,73,450,093, ,3, ,34 76,3, ,4 5,6 0,054 5,34 4,90 4,899 6,833 5,50 *757,753 89, ,559,066, ,60,73,466,0, ,34, ,35 77,34, ,47 5,04 0,088 5,38 4,950 4,95 6,880 5,564,758,806 89, ,648,059, ,54,730,47,06, ,30, ,34 74,36, ,747 5,30 0,9 5,56 4,973 4,936 6,954 5,598,770,88 89, ,66,063, ,57,737,484,4, ,303, ,3 75,4, ,95 5,90 0,6 5,80 4,936 4,958 7,05 5,637,788,849 89, ,688,079, ,56,730,500,3, ,93, ,34 78,50,6 9 6,990 5,69 5,8 4,940 4,97 7,09 5,635,785,850 89, ,674 0,957 \, ,45,74,49,09, ,43, ,30 77,47, ,63 5,94 5,85 4,94 5,003 7,4 5,699,83,886 89, ,67 0,949, ,36,76,496,7, ,, ,94 74,45, ,0 63,40 63,567 63,74 5,80 5,90 4,979 4,997 7,9 5,673,76,9 89, ,694 0,899, ,6,73,455,5, ,49, ,99 75,5, ,8 5,09 5,034 5,08 7,57 5,674,770,904 90,09 6,7 6,38 6,448 6,67 6,565 6,65 6,674 6,73 6,599 6,593 6,57 6,54 6, ,7 0,846, ,3,75,445,5, ,49, ,9 74,6, ,7 5,33 5,070 5,04 7,34 5,68,77,9 90, ,759 0,954, ,,76,456,5, ,94,7 6 89,300 76,65, ,4 0, 0,6 0,69 0,43 0,303 0,300 5,46 5,054 5,070 7,385 5,735,787,948 preliminary. 96

99 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B5. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted [In thousands] Industry division and group Oct. Nov. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. TOTAL 35,748 35,95 36,074 36,7 36,385 36,57 36,669 36,789 36,96 37,0 37,6 37,44 37,34 GOODSPRODUCING 6,735 6,78 6,87 6,865 6,877 6,899 6,90 6,939 6,960 6,97 6,907 6,906 6,94 MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING 6,3 6,356 6,399 6,43 6,439 6,455 6,47 6,483 6,495 6,500 6,433 6,49 6,463 DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furnitures and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries ' Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment... Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing jnd, , , , , , , , ,0 3, ? , , , , NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , SERVICEPRODUCING 9,03 9,70 9,47 9,406 9,508 9,68 9,749 9,850 9,956 30,3 30,355 30,38 30,38 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES,63,70,79,95,05,09,0,4,33,36,43,5,5 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. 8,400 8,449 8,43 8,56 8,55 8,595 8,67 8,673 8,670 8,684 8,695 8,73 8,744 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE,6 7,38,7 7,78,79 7,44,86 7,40,90 7,6,97 7,98,97 7,330,307 7,366,30 7,360,37 7,367,37 7,378,38 7,395,3 7,4 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE,767,787,80,87,86,837,850,86,880,89,9,96,935 SERVICES 9,5 9,58 9,640 9,67 9,70 9,754 9,798 9,846 9,898 9,939 0,003 0,05 0,065 GOVERNMENT.. 7,7 7,83 7,03 7,96 7,5 7,3 7,7 7,55 7,75 7,380 7,50 7,343 7,386 FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL 877 6, , , , , , , , , , , , ,504 The unadjusted data are shown because the seasonal component is small relative to the trendcycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 97

100 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B6. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricurtural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted (In thousands] Industry division and group Jan. Feb. flar. Apr. Hay June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Hov. p TOTAL PRATE GOODSPRODUCING MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products SERVICEPRODUCING TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.. WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES 59,470 9, ,57 5,0 9 r0u ,306,585,346, , 979, , ,35 7,487 4,75 3,3 3,690 4,769 59,688 9, ,587 5,085 9, ,30,595,360, ,000, , ,48 7,578 4,94 3,384 3,705 4,785 59,883 9, ,574 5,8 9, ,37,60,369, ,990, , ,68 7,68 4,06 3,4 3,76 4,87 60,6 9, ,695 5,53 9, ,35,65,378, ,995, , ,83 7,648 4, 3,46 3,79 4,946 60,05 9, ,633 5,34 9, ,34,65,384, ,988, , ,97 7,66 4, 3,44 3,743 4,974 60,36 9, ,7 9, ,30,68,384, ,993, , ,93 7,69 4,37 3,454 3,756 5,044 60,495 9, ,73 9, ,36,63,393, ,973, , ,35 7,689 4,57 3,43 3,777 5,4 60,544 9, ,757 9, ,309,64,395, ,966, , ,333 7,68 4,55 3,46 3,788 5,8 60,475 9, ,734 9, ,9,68,359, ,9, , ,348 7,689 4,56 3,433 3,804 5,9 60,58 9, ,79 9, ,95,637,375, ,89, , ,337 7,7 4,59 3,46 3,794 5,60 60,668 9, ,744 8, ,98,60,380, ,9, , ,370 7,789 4,79 3,50 3,804 5,334 60,757 9, ,75 8, ,300,598,375, ,90, , ,376 7,840 4,93 3,547 3,86 5,40 60,986 9, ,80 5, 5,096 5,090 4,956 ( 4,957 4,894 4,838 4,944 8, ,300,607,39, ,964, , ,8 40,36 40,474 40,606 40,576 40,784 40,958 40,984 4,060 4, 4,97 4,434 4,496 4,38 7,833 4,30 3,53 3,839 5,443 For coverage of series, see footnote, table B. p= preliminary. 98

101 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED EMPLOYMENT B7. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased Year and month Over month span Over 3month span Over 6month span Over month span 976 January February March April May June July August September October November December January February March April May June , July August September October November December January February March April May June July August September October November December , 8, 80, January February March April May June , p 60p July August Sep t ember p 6.3p October November < December 69 59p 69p 59. 6p 70p Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 7 private nonagricultural industries, p preliminary. 99

102 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8. Employees on nonagricuhtural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division (In thousands) ALABAMA... Birmingham. Huntsville... Mobile Montgomery 6 Tuscaloosa 7 ALASKA... 8JARIZONA Phoenix Tucson Stata and area ARKANSAS FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff 6CALIFORNIA AnaheimSanta AnaGarden Grove.. Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto OxnardSimi ValleyVentura RiversideSan BernardinoOntario.. Sacramento SalinasSeasideMonterey San Diego San FranciscoOakland San Jose Santa BarbaraSanta MariaLompoc.. Santa Rosa Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 3 COLORADO DenverBoulder CONNECTICUT Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New HavenWest Haven Stamford Waterbury Wilmington 44 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington SMSA 46fLORIDA 47 Daytona Beach 48 Fort LauderdaleHollywood. 49 Gainesville 50 Jacksonville 5 Miami 5 Orlando 53 Pensacola 54 Sarasota 55 Tallahassee 56 TampaSt. Petersburg 57 West Palm BeachBoca Raton. 58 GEORGIA Albany... Atlanta.. Augusta.. Columbus Macon... See footnotes at end of table. NOV., , , , , , ,47 3, , OCT., , , , ,07 767, ,48 3, NOV. P, C*) , , , , t*) ,49 3, Q ,09., i 9 MOV. 9. d) () () () () () () () CD 9 d) O) U) CD CD d) d) {) 7 CD CD CD Mining OCT. 9. CD d) CD 7 CḌ 9 CD CD () () C) () C) () CD CD CD 9 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD 7 CD CD CD CD CD 8OV. 973P 9.3 CD CD CD C*) 7 CḌ 9 CD CD C*) () C) () () () C) CD CD CD CD 9 CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD U) 7 CD CD CD CD NOV , Construction OCT NOV. P 78 8 C*) c*> KOV , S 6 3, , IS. G C j Manufacturing OCT , NOV. P Q , , S 3 0 OO

103 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities N * OCT * NOV. 97 9P * Wholesale and retail trade NOV , OCT * , * * * *3 7 33w NO?. P 79* , * Finance, insurance, and real estate NOV OCT * * NOV. P * *6 3* * Services NOV , * * OCT. $ * T 9.0 3, * l NOV. P , * Government NOV , * OCT , NOV. P , , te Digitized for FRASER

104 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8. Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division Continued MOV. OCT. NO?. P HOV. OCT. HOV. 9?9P Construction HOV. OCT. HOV. P Manufacturing HOV. OCT. HOV. P GEORGIA Continued Savannah HAWAII... Honolulu IDAHO 53 Boise City LLINOIS BloomingtonNormal ChampaignUrbanaRantoul.. ChicagoGary Chicago SMSA 8 DavenportRock IslandMoline Oecatur Kankakee Peoria Rockford Springfield INDIANA Anderson Evansville Fort Wayne GaryHammondEast Chicago?. Indianapolis LafayetteWest Lafayette Muncie South Bend Terre Haute 7 IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls 33 KANSAS Lawrence. Topeka.. Wichita.. 37 KENTUCKY LexingtonFayette. Louisville Owensboro LOUISIANA.. Alexandria.. Baton Rouge Lafayette.. Lake Charles Monroe New Orleans Shreveport. 49 MAINE Lewi stonauburn Portland 5 MARYLAND Baltimore 54 MASSACHUSETTS Boston. Fall River... LawrenceHaverhill Lowell.: New Bedford , ,469 3,07, SpringfieldChicopeeHolyoke See footnotes at end of table., ,6 85, , , , ,557, , ,508 3, , , , , , ,60, , , (*> 3, , , , , ,63 90,6, d) CD 3,9 7 () () () () () () () () 0. 0) ().3 6 d) d) 7 n> 0 9. () <) () () () () () () 0 d) 4) CD d) 4) d) d) d) d) d) d) 9.0 () () < ) () () () () () () 0.0 CD td d) () id.it) CD CD CD.d) CD C*) , S L 3L , * , O Digitized for FRASER

105 ESTABUSHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division Continued (In thousands} Transportation and public utilities NOV OCT NOV..P Q r * Wholesale and retail trade NOV , OCT , NOV. P , < ) and real esta NOV *0 * * *9 OCT * * la NOV. P 30* * NOV oo ~\ S Services OCT Q. 64 *> 'S e NOV. P O"3 " X> ^ NOV <)C ft OCT NOV. P * S Digitized for FRASER

106 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8 Employees on nonagricuttural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division Continued {in thousands) State and arm NOV. OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P HOV. 97Q Manufacturing OCT. NOV. P MASSACHUSETTS Continued Worcester MICHIGAN... Aof Arbor.. Battie Creek Bay City... Detroit Flint.,..:. Grand Rapids Jack on KalamazooPortage LansingEast Lansing MuskegonNorton ShoresMusk. Hgts.. Saginaw , , , , d) <D HI d) (V) C*l W < > <*> < ) 48, , MINNESOTA DuluthSuperior MinneapolisSt. Paul 7 MISSISSIPPI 8,77 6, ,79 6, ,797 6, d) d) S MISSOURI.. Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield., , , () () 8 () () 8 () () S MONTANA Billings... Great Falls, NEBRASKA Lincoln Omaha () () 8 d) d) <) () 8 <D () () NEVADA. Las Vegas Reno , NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester Nashua () () () () () ' NEW JERSEY 37 Atlantic City. Camden.', 4.,.. 39 Hackensack.. 5. Jersey City NEW MEXICO 48 Albuquerque 49 NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo 53 Elmira ivfonroe County. 6.,.. Nassau Suffolk Long BranchAsbury Park «. NewBruns.Perth AmboySayreville?.. Newark.?,~ PatersonCliftonPassaic *.,, Trenton... VinelandMillvilleBridgeton... 3, , New YorkNoriheastern New Jersey... 6,66. New York and NassauSuffolk? 4,567 New York SMSA \ 3,689 New York City * 3,6 Poughkeepsie 9 Rochester 46 See footnotes at end of table. 3, , f7 88 6,63 4*57 3,689 3, ! 3, , ,59 3,708 3, O> d). d) O) d) <D d) 7 dl 7. CD d) CD «* , , , ,5, , , , , ,

107 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities NOV. 7. i*) 97 7, OCT NOV. P <*) Wholesale and retail trade NOV. 3 <*) 4J , , OCT <H ^ , , NOV. P $ * Finance, insurance, and real estate NOV. 8 < ) < > < > OCT S Nov. P i.o Services NOV , ,47, OCT : , ,0,509.0, NOV. P , , , 78 Government NOV. 7 (*> , , OCT ,79 9$ , NOV. P tc , b Digitized for FRASER

108 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division Continued (In thousands)? m n n ^A! ? 9? 3 *M ?< <P ^ 56 S7 Sfl 59 Stats and arm NEW YORK Continued Rockland County Syracuse UticaRome... Westchester County NORTH CAROLINA : Asheville CharlotteGastonia Greensboro WinstonSalem High Pt RaleighDurham NORTH DAKOTA FargoMoorhead... OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus.. Dayton Toledo YoungstownWarren OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Tulsa OREGON EugeneSpringfield Jackson County Portland Salem PENNSYLVANIA Allentown BethlehemEaston AKoona \ Delaware Valley 9. Erie Harrisburg Johnstown Lancaster Northeast Pennsylvania Philadelbh.a SMSA Philadelphia City 0 Pittsburgh Reading Scranton n WilkesBarreHazleton..!... : Williamsport York RHODE ISLAND ProvidenceWarwickPawtucket... SOUTH CAROLINA CharlestonNorth Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg SOUTH DAKOTA Rapid City... Sioux Falls TENNESSEE Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis NashvilieDavidson MO? , , , , , , , , , , OCT , , , , , , , , , HO?. P , , , , ,74 6 5, , , , Mining HOY. () ) 5? 9. di ( () () 0.3. OCT. 6. <) n> (i) 8 0 d) Ml d) () () 0.3 d) HOY. P Ol 4,7 6. () <D 8 (U 0 d) () () 0. Construction MOV $ OCT ? HOY. P HOY , J , S,7 08,37.X S S Manufacturing OCT , , I HOY. P , , See footnotes at end of table. O6 Digitized for FRASER

109 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry division Continued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities HO? , , OCT NO?. P Wholesale and retail trade MO? SO « OCT , , HO?. P , * U Finance, insurance, and real estate NO? OCT » HO. P * Services HO?. 6 53, OCT NO?. P Q Government NO? OCT <$ NOV. P 4S ) *9 45.J O7 Digitized for FRASER

110 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8 Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry divisioncontinued (In thousands) Mining Construction Manufacturing State and area NOV. OCT. NO?. P NO?. OCT. HO?. P NO?. OCT. NO?. P NX)?. OCT. NO?. P TEXAS Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort ArthurOrange Corpus Christi DallasFort Worth El Paso GalvestonTexas City Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls 5, , , , , , , t * , ) d) 0 * * 6 9 d) 99 ID 6 ID 00 6 ii) *9 39 3* S.I, , UTAH 5 Salt Lake CityOgden VERMONT Burlington. 3 Springfield, , VIRGINIA 4. 0 Bristol... Lynch burg Newport NewsHampton NorfolkVirginia BeachPc tsmouth.. Northern Virginia. 5 PetersburgColonial Hgts.Hopewell... Richmond Roanoke, ,9, , d) di.3,4 * HI,4. 3*6 d) (V) I 3 K S WASHINGTON SeattleEverett... Spokane Tacoma, , WEST VIRGINIA Charleston HuntingtonAshland ParkersburgMarietta. Wheeling , , IS $ WISCONSIN Apple tonoshkosh Eau Claire Green Bay... Kenosha La Crosse. Madison.. Milwaukee. Racine..., , , (U <D di d) O) G 8 5. J ac , WYOMING 47 Casper 48 Cheyenne , d) Combined with services. Combined with construction. Area included in ChicagoGary Standard Consolidated Statistical Area. Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey. Subarea of New YorkNortheastern New Jersey. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Area included in New York and NassauSuffolk combined SMSA's. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania. 0 Philadelphia County. Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lackawanna County. 3 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne County. 3 includes data for industry divisions not shown separately. 4 Revised to December benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data. 5 Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William Counties, Virginia. p=preliminary. * Not available. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover. 08

111 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA EMPLOYMENT B8. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls for States and selected areas by industry divisioncontinued (In thousands) Transportation and public utilities HOT , «7 OCT HO?. P (*> Wholesale and retail trade MOV.,30, D OCT., ID NOV. P, <* 3 8 ID.Z ! i 8. Finance, insurance, and real estate NOV. 30K4 5, , O OCT /.» D KOV. P , o *% NOV Z. o ! 0 Services OCT t 57, Q Zm O NOV. P , NOV Government OCT., NOV. P, ( > j Digitized for FRASER

112 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HISTORICAL HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 959 to date Average Year and month Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Weekly earnings Weekly hours Hourly earnings Hourly earnings excl. overtime private Mining Manufacturing P : DEC... : JAM... FEB MAR... APR MAY JON... JUL AOG SEPT... OCT... NOV.P. DEC.P. $ ( GO C $ $ $ $ $ $ > , , 965, , , , P. : DEC : JAN... FEB MAR... APR HAT JON... JD... AOG... SEPT... OCT... NOV.P DECP $ S C E Transportation and public utilities $ , $ Wholesale and retail trade $ $ Finance, insurance, and real estate $ $ 7C Services $ ,53 9 For coverage of series, see footnote, table B. D»ta include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 959. p = preliminary.

113 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricuttural payrolls by industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code NOV. Oct. ' NOV. Oct. Nov.. * MINING TOTAL PRATE $0 0 $ $5. 374, $0 386 $ $ $.06 $ 87 $4 80 $ , METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores COALMINING BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING , C , OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services , 3' , 3, ^ NONMETALLC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS, Crushed and broken stone CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS. Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway ' , 8, , 5, , 63 SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofinq and sheet metai work MANUFACTURING.. DURABLE GOODS. NONDURABLE GOODS * , 5 < DURABLE GOODS LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Millwork, plywood, and structural members. Millwork W6od kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Pub'ic building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures C See footnotes at end of table.

114 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours 97 SIC Code Industry HOV. Oct. Nov. p Nov. Oct. Nov MINING TOTAL PRATE METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores ' , 3 3, COALMINING BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING. OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone CONSTRUCTION GENERAL BUILDING CONTRACTORS Residential building construction Operative builders Nonresidential building construction HEAVY CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTORS.. Highway and street construction Heavy construction, except highway SPECIAL TRADE CONTRACTORS Plumbing, heating, air conditioning Painting, paper hanging, decorating Electrical work Masonry, stonework, and plastering Carpentering and flooring Roofing and sheet metal work , 63 MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS DURABLE GOODS LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Logging camps and logging contractors Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Hardwood dimension and flooring Miltwork, plywood, and structural members., Millwork Wood kitchen cabinets Hardwood veneer and plywood Softwood veneer and plywood Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products S FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Metal household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Public building and related furniture Partitions and fixtures Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures *7. See footnotes at end of table. 3

115 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industrycontinued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code NOV. Oct. NOT. P? Nov. Oct. Nov. p P STONE, CLAY. AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Readymixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products $ $ $ , , $ $9 $ $ C l $ C $ $ PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops)... Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products C C C MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines, Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery See footnotes at end of table. 4

116 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued 97 SIC Code Industry Nov. Average weekly hours Oct. Nov. P P Nov. Average overtime hours Oct. Nov. p? STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Flat glass Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Concrete block and brick Concrete products, nee Readymixed concrete Misc. nonmetallic mineral products Abrasive products Asbestos products , PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Steel pipe and tubes Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Malleable iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Primary aluminum Nonferrous rolling and drawing Copper rolling and drawing Aluminum sheet, plate and foil Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Plumbing fittings and brass goods Heating equipment, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Architectural metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee Plating and polishing Metal coating and allied services Ordnance and accessories, nee Ammunition, exc. for small arms, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery See footnotes at end of table. 5

117 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly earning* Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code Industry Nov. Oct. Nov. p P NOV. Oct. Nov. p P MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Continued Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyers and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Machinery, except electrical, nee $ , , $ , $ , $ $ $ \ $ , $ ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Currentcarrying wiring devices Noncurrentcarrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment $ I 65 I 7.0 j 64 I C $ TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Shipbuilding and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment C See footnotes at end of table. 6

118 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours 97 SIC Code NOV. Dec, Oct. Nov. p p NOV. Oct. P MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Continued Construction machinery Mining machinery Oil field machinery Conveyers and conveying equipment Industrial trucks and tractors Metalworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Machine tools, metal forming types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures Machine tool accessories Power driven hand tools Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery Printing trades machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Air and gas compressors Blowers and fans Speed changers, drives, and gears Power transmission equipment, nee Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment Misc. machinery, except electrical Carburetors, pistons, rings, valves Machinery, except electrical, nee S i ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators Industrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric Mghting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Currentcarrying wiring devices Noncurrentcarrying wiring devices Residential lighting fixtures Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Storage batteries Engine electrical equipment C TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment See footnotes at end of table. 7

119 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Oct. Nov. P NOV. Oct. Nov. P P TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Continued 376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 376 Guided missiles and space vehicles 379 Miscellaneous transportation equipment 379 Travel trailers and campers $ $ $ $ $ $7 8 3 $ $ INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS 38 Engineering and scientific instruments 38 Measuring and controlling devices 38 Environmental controls. 383 Process control instruments 385 Instruments to measure electricity 383 Optical instruments and lenses 384 Medical instruments and supplies 384 Surgical and medical instruments 384 Surgical appliances and supplies 385 Ophthalmic goods 386 Photographic equipment and supplies 387 Watches, clocks, and watchcases $ T $5 39 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 39 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware, 39 Jewelry, precious metal 393 Musical instruments 394 Toys and sporting goods 394, 4 Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles 3949 Sporting and athletic goods, nee 395 Pens, pencils, office and art supplies 396 Costume jewelry and notions 396 Costume jewelry 399 Miscellaneous manufactures 3993 Signs and advertising displays , , 6. 33, NONDURABLE GOODS 0 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS 0 Meat products 0 Meat packing plants 03 Sausages and other prepared meats 06 Poultry dressing plants 0 Dairy products 0 Cheese, natural and processed 06 Fluid milk 03 Preserved fruits and vegetables 03 Canned specialties 033 Canned fruits and vegetables 037 Frozen fruits and vegetables 04 Grain mill products 04 Flour and other grain mill products 048 Prepared feeds, nee 05 Bakery products 05 Bread, cake, and related products 05 Cookies and crackers 06 Sugar and confectionery products 06 3 Cane and beet sugar 065 Confectionery products 07 Fats and oils 08 Beverages 08 Malt beverages 086 Bottled and canned soft drinks 09 Misc. foods and kindred products , TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics 3 Weaving and finishing mills, wool 4 Narrow fabric mills 5 Knitting mills See footnotes at end of table. 8

120 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Oct. Nov. p P Sov. Get. Nov. P p TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Continued 376 Guided missiles, space vehicles, parts 376 Guided missiles and space vehicles Miscellaneous transportation equipment 379 Travel trailers and campers INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS. 38 Engineering and scientific instruments 38 Measuring and controlling devices 38 Environmental controls, 383 Process control instruments 385 Instruments to measure electricity 383 Optical instruments and lenses 384 Medical instruments and supplies 384 Surgical and medical instruments 384 Surgical appliances and supplies 385 Ophthalmic goods 386 Photographic equipment and supplies 387 Watches, clocks, and watchcases p ,9. 39 MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES 39 Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware 39 Jewelry, precious metal 393 Musical instruments 394 Toys and sporting goods 394, 4 Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles, 3949 Sporting and athletic goods, nee 395 Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions 396 Costume jewelry 399 Miscellaneous manufactures 3993 Signs and advertising displays , NONDURABLE GOODS 0 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS 0 Meat products 0 Meat packing plants 03 Sausages and other prepared meats 06 Poultry dressing plants 0 Dairy products 0 Cheese, natural and processed 06 Fluid milk 03 Preserved fruits and vegetables 03 Canned specialties 033 Canned fruits and vegetables 037 Frozen fruits and vegetables 04 Grain mill products 04 Flour and other grain mill products Prepared feeds, nee 05 Bakery products 05 Bread, cake, and related products 05 Cookies and crackers 06 Sugar and confectionery products 063 Cane and beet sugar 065 Confectionery products 07 Fats and oils 08 Beverages 08 Malt beverages, 086 Bottled and canned soft drinks 09 Misc. foods and kindred products * , TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics 3 Weaving and finishing mills, wool 4 Narrow fabric mills 5 Knitting mills See footnote; at end of table. 9

121 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code NOV Oct. Nov. P P NOV. S78 Oct. Nov. P TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Continued Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Finishing plants, cotton Finishing plants, synthetics Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Yarn mills, except wool Throwing and winding mills Miscellaneous textile goods $ $ ' $ , $ $ $ $ , 8 $ APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and misses' blouses and waists Women's and misses' dresses Women's and misses' suits and coats Women's and misses' outerwear, nee Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Children's dresses and blouses Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products Curtains and draperies House furnishing, nee Automotive and apparel trimmings Q $ $8 6 6,, PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paper coating and glazing Envelopes Bags, except textile bags Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes Sanitary food containers b I PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers Periodicals Books Book publishing Book printing Miscellaneous publishing Commerical printing Commercial printing, letterpress.. Commerical printing, lithographic. Manifold business forms Bankbooks and bookbinding Printing trade services , 30, 3, 38. 3, 69, 48, 78, , C C8 6« CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee. Plastics materials and synthetics Plastics materials and resins Organic fibers, noncellulosic Drugs Pharmaceutical preparations See footnotes at end of table. 0

122 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsypervtsory workers on private nonagricurtural payrolls by industrycontinued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Dec, Oct. P p NOV. Oct. Nov. P TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Continued 5 Women's hosiery, except socks 5 Hosiery, nee 53 Knit outerwear mills 54 Knit underwear mills 57 Circular knit fabric mills 6 Textile finishing, except wool 6 Finishing plants, cotton 6 Finishing plants, synthetics 7 Floor covering mills 8 Yarn and thread mills 8 Yarn mills, except wool 8 Throwing and winding mills 9 Miscellaneous textile goods 3S APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS 3 Men's and boys' suits and coats 3 Men's and boys' furnishings 3 Men's and boys' shirts and nighwear 37 Men's and boys' separate trousers 38 Men's and boys' work clothing 33 Women's and misses' outerwear 33 Women's and misses' blouses and waists 335 Women's and misses' dresses 337 Women's and misses' suits and coats 339 Women's and misses' outerwear, nee 34 Women's and children's undergarments 34 Women's and children's underwear 34 Brassieres and allied garments 36 Children's outerwear 36 Children's dresses and blouses 38 Misc. apparel and accessories 39 Misc. fabricated textile products 39 Curtains and draperies 39 House furnishings, nee 396 Automotive and apparel trimmings , C PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 6,, 6 Paper and pulp mills 6 Paper mills, exceot building paper 63 Paperboard m5s(s 64 Misc. can verted paper products 64 Paper coating and glazing 64 Envelopes, 643 Bags, except textile bags 65 Paperboard containers and boxes 65 Folding paperboard boxes 653 Corrugated and solid fiber boxes 654 Sanitary food containers ^ , PRINTING AND PUBLISHING 7 Newspapers 7 Periodicals 73 Books 73 Book publishing 73 Book printing.. 74 Miscellaneous publishing 75 Commercial printing Commerical printing, letterpress 75 Commercial printing, lithographic 76 Manif oid business forms 78 Bankbooks and bookbinding 79 Printing trade service * CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS 8 Industrial inorganic chemicals. 89 Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee 8 Plastics materials and synthetics 8 Plastics materials and resins 84 Organic fibers, noncellulosic 83 Drugs 834 Pharmaceutical preparations 4, ,0 3,6 See footnotes at end of table.

123 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricufairal payrolls by industry Continued Average weakly earnings Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code Industry No* Oct. Nov. P P NOV. Oct. Nov. P P , CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Cont'd Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations. Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Cyclic crudes and intermediates Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products $ $88, , $ $ $ C 63 $ $ $ PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials $ $ , RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS... Ttres and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products S LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods , TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES ^ RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation ,3 4 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing, PIPELINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees 3 Line construction employees 4 Radio and television broadcasting SO, ELECTRIC. GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES.. Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services, Sanitaiy services WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE WHOLESALE TRADEDURABLE GOODS Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods Sea footnotes at end of table.

124 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Dec, Oct. Nov. p p NOV. Oct. Nov. P P , CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Cont'd Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents Toilet preparations Polishing, sanitation, and finishing preparations Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Cyclic crudes and intermediates Gum, wood, and industrial organic chemicals, nee Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials * , RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS... Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products , LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic Luggage Handbags and personal leather goods TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION: Class I railroads LOCAL AND INTERURBAN PASSENGER TRANSIT Local and suburban transportation Intercity highway transportation ,3 4 TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Trucking and trucking terminals Public warehousing S PIPE LINES, EXCEPT NATURAL GAS COMMUNICATION Telephone communication Switchboard operating employees ' Line construction employees 4 Radio and television broadcasting ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES.. Electric services Gas production and distribution Combination utility services Sanitary services , WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE WHOLESALE TRADEDURABLE GOODS Motor vehicles and automotive equipment Furniture and home furnishings Lumber and construction materials Sporting goods, toys, and hobby goods See footnotes at end of table. 3

125 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Averags wwkly earnings Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code Industry NOV. Oct. Nov. P P NOV. Oct. Nov. P P WHOLESALE TRADEDURABLE GOODS Continued 505 Metals and minerals, except petroleum 506 Electrical goods 507 Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment Machinery, equipment, and supplies 509 Miscellaneous durable goods $ $ $ $ S $ $ $ $ WHOLESALE TRADENONDURABLE GOODS.. 5 Paper and paper products 5 Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries 53 Apparel, piece goods, and notions 54 Groceries and related products 56 Chemicals and allied products 57 Petroleum and petroleum products 58 Beer, wine, and distilled beverages 59 Miscellaneous nondurable goods , , * RETAIL TRADE $43 9 $9 5 BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES 5 Lumber and other building materials 55 Hardware stores GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES 53 Department stores 533 Variety stores 539 Misc. general merchandise stores C FOOD STORES 54 Grocery stores 546 Retail bakeries AUTOMOTE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS 55, New and used car dealers 553 Auto and home supply stores 554 Gasoline service stations C APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES 56 Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings 56 Women's readytowear stores 565 Family clothing stores 566 Shoe stores FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES 57 Furniture and home furnishings 57 Household appliance stores 573 Radio, television, and music stores EATING AND DRINKING PLACES MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL 59 Drug stores and proprietary stores 594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores 596 Nonstore retailers Fuel and ice dealers Retail stores, nee C FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 6 BANKING Commercial and stock savings banks 6 CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS... 6 Savings and loan associations 64 Personal credit institutions " INSURANCE CARRIERS 63 Life insurance 63 Medical service and health insurance 633 Fire, marine, and casualty insurance C See footnotes at end of table. 4

126 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Averagt weekly hours Average overtime hours 97 SIC Code Industry Nov. Oct. Nov. i p NOV. Oct. Nov. P P WHOLESALE TRADEDURABLE GOODS Continued 505 Metals and minerals, except petroleum 506 Electrical goods 507 Hardware, plumbing, and heating equipment. 508 Machinery, equipment, and supplies 509 Miscellaneous durable goods WHOLESALE TRADENONDURABLE GOODS 5 Paper and paper products 5 Drugs, proprietaries, and sundries 53 Apparel, piece goods, and notions 54 Groceries and related products 56 Chemicals and allied products 57 Petroleum and petroleum products 58 Beer, wine, and distilled beverages 59 Miscellaneous nondurable goods RETAIL TRADE BUILDING MATERIALS AND GARDEN SUPPLIES 5 Lumber and other building materials 55 Hardware stores GENERAL MERCHANDISE STORES 53 Department stores 533 Variety stores 539 Misc. general merchandise stores FOOD STORES 54 Grocery stores 546 Retail bakeries AUTOMOTE DEALERS AND SERVICE STATIONS 55, New and used car dealers 553 Auto and home supply stores 554 Gasoline service stations APPAREL AND ACCESSORY STORES 56 Men's and boys' clothing and furnishings Women's readytowear stores 565 Family clothing stores 566 Shoe stores * FURNITURE AND HOME FURNISHINGS STORES 57 Furniture and home furnishings 57 Household appliance stores 573 Radio, television, and music stores EATING AND DRINKING PLACES ' MISCELLANEOUS RETAIL 59 Drug stores and proprietary stores 594 Miscellaneous shopping goods stores Nonstore retailers 598 Fuel and ice dealers 599 Retail stores, nee FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE BANKING 60 Commercial and stock savings banks CREDIT AGENCIES OTHER THAN BANKS.. 6 Savings and loan associations 64 Personal credit institutions INSURANCE CARRIERS 63 Life ance 63 Medical service and health insurance 633 Fire, marine, and casualty insurance See footnotes at end of table. 5

127 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings 97 SIC Code Industry HOT. Oct. HOT. p P MOV. Oct. Nov. p P SERVICES $674 $670 $785 $808 $89 $3 $6 $8 $3 $9 HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES: Hotels, motets, and tourist courts PERSONAL SERVICES: Laundry, cleaning, and garment services Beauty shops BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Services to buildings Computer and data processing services AUTO REPAIR. SERVICES, AND GARAGES.. Automotive repair shops MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES MOTION PICTURES Motion picture production and services, AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES. HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals LEGAL SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping For coverage of series, see footnote, table B. Beginning January, data relate to line haul railroads with operating revenues of $50,000,000 or more. 3 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as switchboard operators; service assistants; operating room instructors; and paystation attendants. In 977, such employees made up 0 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. 4 Data relate to employees in such occupations in the telephone industry as central office craft persons; installation and exchange repair craft persons; line, cable and conduit craft persons; and laborers. In 977, such employees made up 37 percent of the total number of nonsupervisory employees in establishments reporting hours and earnings data. Money payments only; tips, not included. * Data for nonoff ice sales agents excluded from all series in this division. * Not available, p = preliminary. 6

128 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Continued Average weekly hours Average overtime hours 97 SIC Code Industry HOT. Oct. Hov. p p HOY. Oct. HOY. P SERVICES HOTELS AND OTHER LODGING PLACES: Hotels, motels, and tourist courts PERSONAL SERVICES: Laundry, cleaning, and garment services... Beauty shops BUSINESS SERVICES Advertising Services to buildings Computer and data processing services AUTO REPAIR, SERVICES, AND GARAGES Automotive repair shops MISCELLANEOUS REPAIR SERVICES MOTION PICTURES T Motion picture production and services AMUSEMENT AND RECREATION SERVICES HEALTH SERVICES Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Nursing and personal care facilities Hospitals LEGAL SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping

129 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C3. Employment, hours, and indexes of earnings in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government [Employment in thousandsincludes both supervisory and nansupervisory employees] July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Executive Branch employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (967=00): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings..., , C, , , ^4 39 I, ,68, , , , I, Department of Defe i«e employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (967=00): Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings Postal Service employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Average weekly earnings.. Average hourly earnings Other Agencies employment Average weekly hours Average overtime hours... Indexes (967=00): Average hourly earnings..., , , , , , , , , , , , NOTE: The hours and earnings averages presented in this table have been computed using data collected by the Office of Personnel Management from agencies with 500 or more employees in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government; the data cover both salaried workers and hourly paid wageboard employees. Since these averages relate to hours and earnings of all workers both supervisory and nonsupervisory, they are not comparable to similar data presented in table C which relate only to production or nonsupervisory workers. The total employment levels shown include all workers in the Executive Branch regardless of the size of the agency. c=corrected. C4. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings excluding overtime ' Major industry group Nov. Cct. Nov. p Eec. P MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and ci'ass products Primary metal industries Fabricated meta! products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries $ $ , $ $ $69 7 NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf. ppreliminary. 8

130 C5. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricurtural payrolls by industry division, in current and 967 dollars ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS Industry NOV. Gross average weekly earnings Oct. Nov. p NOV. Worker with no dependents Oct. Spendable average weekly earnings Nov. P Married worker with 3 dependents NOV. Oct. Nov. P TOTAL PRATE: Current dollars 967 dollars $00 0 $ $0 99 $ $8 804 $ $8 98 $ $ MINING: Current dollars 967 dollars CONSTRUCTION: Current dollars 967 dollars MANUFACTURING: Current dollars 967 dollars TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES: Current dollars 967 dollars WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE: Current dollars 967 dollars FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE: Current dollars 967 dollars SERVICES: Current dollars dollars CONSUMER PRICE INDEX FOR URBAN WAGE EARNERS AND CLERICAL WORKERS (CPlW, All items, 967=00) 0 7 For coverage of series, see footnote, table B. Spendable earnings are calculated by taking the average weekly pay for all production or nonsupervisory jobs, both fulltime and parttime, and then deducting social security and Federal income taxes applicable to a single worker or to a married worker with three dependents who earned this amount (see Explanatory Notes for the establishment data in the back of this publication). A technical note on the calculation and uses of the spendable earnings series is available on request. p=preliminary (applicable to earnings data only). 9

131 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group [967=00] Industry division and group NOV. Oct. Nov. P TOTAL PRATE GOODSPRODUCING. 0 0 MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries t NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products , , , ,5 5.,5 45.,3 65.,3 SERVICEPRODUCING TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 6 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES For coverage of series, see footnote, table B. 30

132 ESTABLISHMENT DATA HOURS AND EARNINGS C6. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group Continued [967=00] Industry division and group Nov. Oct. Nov. H Eec. P Payrolls TOTAL PRATE..., GOODSPRODUCING MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING C DURABLE GOODS... Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery except electrical Electric and electronic equipment. Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries S NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products Printing and publishing... Petroleum and coal products Leather and leather products SERVICEPRODUCING TRANSPO6TATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES

133 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED HOURS C7. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on privated nonagricurtural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.P P TOTAL PRATE MINING * CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING Overtime hours ' DURABLE GOODS Overtime hours Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind NONDURABLE GOODS Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures... Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE.... RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES For coverage of series, see footnote, table B 3

134 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C8. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagrlcukural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group, seasonally adjusted Industry division and group Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. P P TOTAL PRATE 6 GOODSPRODUCING MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures. Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing ind NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products * SERVICEPRODUCING , TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ,5 46, SERVICES For coverage of series, see footnote, table B. p= preliminary. 33

135 ESTABUSHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C9. Hourly Earnings Index and average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. Feb Mar. Ap " May June July Hourly Earnings Index 967=00) Aug. Sept. Oct Nov. P De TOTAL PRATE (In current dollars) MINING CONSTRUCTION.. MANUFACTURING TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE. AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES TOTAL PRATE (In 967 dollars) Average hourly earnings TOTAL PRATE MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE. AND REAL ESTATE..... SERVICES $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ , , , $ $ $ ? $ $ Average weekly earnings TOTAL PRATE: Currant dollars 967 dollars dependents, 967 dollars) 3..* For coverage of series, see footnote, table B. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wagerate developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in highwage and lowwage industries. 3 The CPI W is used to deflate these series to 967 dollars. 4 See footnote, table C5. N.A =not available. p=preliminary. C0. Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments, by industry division Millions of hours (Annual rate) Percent change Industry division OCTOBER NOVEMBER P DECEMBER pl979 to Oct. to Nov. Nov. to TOTAL... PRATE SECTOR MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES GOVERNMENT 69,503 38,63,55 8,980 43,40 6,588 6,83 0,8 34,44 9,475 9,357 30,880 69,70 39,95, 9,070 43,88 6,440 6,848 0,886 34,697 9,574 9,559 30,44 70,905 40,040,68 9,75 43,735 6,733 7,00 0,89 34,553 9,69 9,700 30, Data refer to hours of all employees production workers, nonsupervisory workers and salaried workers and are based largely on establishment data. See BLS Handbook of Methods for Surveys and Studies, BLS Bulletin 90 Chapter 30, Productivity Measures: Private Economy and Major Sectors. "Annual rate" refers to total hours paid for week in the month, expressed as a seasonally adjusted annual equivalent. 34

136 PRODUCTITY SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C. Indexes of output and compensation per hour, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted [967 = 00] Annual average II III Quarterly indexes PRATE BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons... Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons... Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour... Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor payments Implicit price deflator MANUFACTURING: Output per hour of ail persons... Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour... Un ; t labor costs DURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons... Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour... Unit labor costs NONDURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons... Output Hours Compensation per hour... Real compensation per hour... Unit labor costs NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS: Output per allemployee hour... Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour unit costs Unit labor costs Unit nonlabor costs Unit profits Implicit price deflator , p=preliminaryr=revised. 35 Digitized for FRASER

137 PRODUCTITY SEASONALLY ADJUSTED C. Percent changes from preceding quarter and year in productivity, hourly compensation, unit costs, and prices, private business sector, seasonally adjusted at annual rate Quarterly percent change Annual percent change PRATE BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit n on labor payments Implicit price deflator NONFARM BUSINESS SECTOR: Output per hour of all persons... Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs Unit non labor payments Implicit price deflator MANUFACTURING: Output per hour of all persons... Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs DURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs NONDURABLE GOODS Output per hour of all persons Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour Unit labor costs NONFINANCIAL CORPORATIONS: Output per allemployee hour Output Hours Compensation per hour Real compensation per hour unit costs Unit labor costs Unit non labor costs Unit profits Implicit price deflator I 97? to II 97? II 974m 973 to to I to II 97* I , to II II II 977 to II III 977 to III 97* ? to 97* I to I II III to to II III p=preliminary. r»re vised. 36

138 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C3. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas State and MM HO?. OCT. NOf. P Average weekly hours HO?. OCT. *79 HO?. P Average hourly earnings HO?. OCT. 973 NO?. P ALABAMA Birmingham Mobile ALASKA $ $ $50 96 { > <*) $ $ $ 79 ARIZONA Phoenix Tucson ARKANSAS FayettevilleSpringdale Fort Smith Little RockNorth Little Rock Pine Bluff...' CALIFORNIA."...:.. AnaheimSanta AnaGarden Grove, Bakersfield Fresno Los AngelesLong Beach Modesto OxnardSimi ValleyVentura Riverside San Bernardino Ontario Sacramento SalinasSeasideMonterey San Diego San FranciscoOakland San Jose "Santa Barbara Santa Maria Lompoc Santa Rosa...' Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa * « COLORADO DenverBoulder., *..." CONNECTICUT, Bridgeport Hartford New Britain New HavenWest Haven Stamford Waterbury $7 7 7 (*> DELAWARE Wilmington, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Washington SMSA FLORIDA Fort LauderdaleHollywood ] Jacksonville Miami.'. Orlando Pensacola TampaSt. Petersburg West Palm BeachBoca Raton Q GEORGIA Atlanta Savannah , HAWAII Honolulu IDAHO Boise City <*> See footnotes at end of table. 37

139 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C3. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas Continued State and area HO?. Avarage weekly earningt OCT. HO?. P NO7. Average weekly noun OCT. HO?. P HO?. Average hourly earnings OCT. HO?. P ILLINOIS BloomingtonNormal Champaign Urbana Rantoul Chicago SMSA DavenportRock IslandMoline \ Decatur Peoria Rockford Springfield INDIANA GaryHammondEast Chicago Indianapolis $ $ $ $ $ $ IOWA Cedar Rapids Des Moines Dubuque Sioux City WaterlooCedar Falls KANSAS Topeka Wichita U , <*) KENTUCKY Louisville LOUISIANA Baton Rouge New Orleans Shreveport MAINE Lewiston Auburn Portland MARYLAND Baltimore ! , ' MASSACHUSETTS Boston Brockton Fall River LawrenceHaverhill Lowell New Bedford SpringfieldChicopeeHolyoke Worcester ( > <*> * ) ? 3V * S MICHIGAN Ann Arbor Battle Creek Bay City Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson KalamazooPortage Lansing East Lansing MuskegonNorton ShoresMuskegon Heights Saginaw MINNESOTA Dulutty Superior MinneapolisSt. Paul MISSISSIPPI Jackson.'., <*) <*) * <*) < ) <*) m. <*) See footnotes at end of table. 38

140 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C3. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areascontinued Average weekly earnings Average weakly hours Average hourly earnings State and area MOV. OCT. HO?. P NO?. OCT. MO?. P MO?. OCT. NO?. P MISSOURI Kansas City St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield $6 96.'43 398? 306 $ * $ $ $ $ MONTANA 355.? NEBRASKA Lincoln Omaha NEVADA Las Vegas NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester Nashua.. NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Camden a. Hackensack 3...\.. v Jersey City 3 New BrunswickPerth AmboySayreville 3 Newark 3, PatersonCHftonPassaic Trenton 3, NEW MEXICO Albuquerque NEW YORK AlbanySchenectadyTroy Binghamton Buffalo Elmira Monroe County 4 NassauSuffolk 5 New YorkNortheastern New Jersey New York and NassauSuffolk 3 \ New York SMSA 5, New York City *...< Poughkeepsie Rochester, Rockland County * Syracuse UticaRome Westchester County 6 : NORTH CAROLINA Asheville CharlotteGastonia GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point.. RaleighDurham * * v NORTH DAKOTA FargoMoorhead, OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo \ YoungstownWarren * See footnotes at end of table. 39

141 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C3. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State and selected areas Continued Average weekly earning* Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings State and area NOV. OCT. NOT. P NOT. OCT. NOT. P NOT. OCT. NOT, P OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Tuisa $ $ $ $9 6 8 $ $ OREGON Eugene Springfield Jackson County Portland (*} PENNSYLVANIA AllentownBethlehemEaston.. Altoona Delaware Valley 7....' Erie '. Harrisburg.. Johnstown Lancaster. Northeast Pennsylvania Philadelphia SMSA Pittsburgh Reading Scranton. 8 : WilkesBarreHazleton *? Williamsport York t * * RHODE ISLAND ProvidenceWarwickPawtucket Q *6 3 SOUTH CAROLINA CharlestonNorth Charleston... Columbia Greenville Spartanburg SOUTH DAKOTA Rapid City Sioux Falls TENNESSEE... Chattanooga Knoxville Memphis... Nashville Davidson * TEXAS Amarillo Austin Beau'montPort ArthurOrange. Corpus Christi. DallasFort Worth... El Paso GalvestonTexas City... Houston Lubbock San Antonio Waco Wichita Falls * S UTAH Salt Lake CityOgden VERMONT Burlington Springfield ': * VIRGINIA l0. Bristol Lynchburg Norfolk Virginia Beach Portsmouth Northern Virginia.\\.. PotorsburgColonial HeightsHopewell J H See footnotes at end of table. 40

142 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA HOURS AND EARNINGS C3. Gross hours and earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls, by State and selected areas Continued Average weekly earnings Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings State and area N07. OCT. NOV. P HOT. OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P VIRGINIA Continued Richmond Roanoke $7 9,50 $73 89 $ $8 4 $68 S $67 7 WASHINGTON SeattleEverett... Spokane Tacoma , WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington Ashland ParkersburgMarietta Wheeling WISCONSIN Appleton Oshkosh. Eau Claire Green Bay Kenosha^ La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine...' , , S WYOMING Casper Cheyenne X) <*) Data for not strictly comparable with earlier years. Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolian Statistical Area: Burlington, Camden, and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey. Subarea of New YorkNortheastern New Jersey. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Area included in New York and NassauSuffolk combined SMSA's. Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia Counties, Pennsylvania. 8 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Lackawanna County. 9 Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Luzerne County. 0 Revised to December benchmark; not strictly comparable with previously published data. Subarea of Washington, D.C. Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area: Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William Counties, Virginia. p=preliminary. # Not available. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover. 4 Digitized for FRASER

143 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 969 to date [Per 00 employees] Year Annual average Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. accessions A Q A C A A 4. 7 Q c. y 3. P New hires D O "> n 3. ' ~) n p L. 3.3 L L. 7 Recalls P separations , P 4. Quits L. ] L. 3 ] L L. 5 L I ' Pi. 5 L U 0 I. 0 L. 3 Layoffs ] ] L. 7 L. 9 L. 5 L D U 0 p l. 5 (^preliminary. 4

144 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D. Labor turnover rates, by industry Separation rates 97 SIC Code Industry Oct. Nov. Oct. F Nov. P Oct. Recalls Nov. P Oct. Nov.. P Oct. Quits Nov. P Oct. Layoffs Nov. J,P MANUFACTURING , 5, 33S 03, 63 DURABLE GOODS NONDURABLE GOODS DURABLE GOODS LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Sawmills and planing mills Sawmills and planing mills, general Millwork, plywood, and structural members... Millwork Wooden containers Wood buildings and mobile homes Mobile homes Miscellaneous wood products FURNITURE AND FIXTURES. Household furniture Wood household furniture Upholstered household furniture Mattresses and bedsprings Office furniture Partitions and fixtures STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Glass and glassware, pressed or blown Glass containers Pressed and blown glass, nee Products of purchased glass Cement, hydraulic Structural clay products Pottery and related products Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Misc. nonmetallic mineral products * PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Blast furnace and basic steel products Blast furnaces and steel mills Iron and steel foundries Gray iron foundries Steel foundries, nee Primary nonferrous metals Nonferrous rolling and drawing, Copper rolling and drawing, Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil, Nonferrous wire drawing and insulating Nonferrous foundries Aluminum foundries , FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Metal cans and shipping containers Metal cans Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware Hand and edge tools, and hand saws and blades. Hardware, nee Plumbing and heating, except electric Fabricated structural metal products Fabricated structural metal Metal doors, sash, and trim Fabricated plate work (boiler shops) Sheet metal work Screw machine products, bolts, etc Screw machine products Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers, Metal forgings and stampings Iron and steel forgings Automotive stampings Metal stampings, nee Metal services, nee, Ordnance and accessories, nee Misc. fabricated metal products Valves and pipe fittings Misc. fabricated wire products , See footnotes at end of table. 43

145 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D. Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued Accession rates Separation rates 97 SIC Code Industry Oct. Nov. P Oct. New hires Nov. Oct. P Nov. P Oct. Nov. P Oct. Nov. P Oct. Layoffs Nov P MACHINERY, EXCEPT ELECTRICAL Engines and turbines Turbines and turbine generator sets... Internal combustion engines, nee Farm and garden machinery Farm machinery and equipment Construction and related machinery Construction machinery Oil field machinery Metaiworking machinery Machine tools, metal cutting types Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures... Machine tool accessories Special industry machinery Food products machinery Textile machinery General industrial machinery Pumps and pumping equipment Ball and roller bearings Blowers and fans Office and computing machines Electronic computing equipment Refrigeration and service machinery Refrigeration and heating equipment.. Misc. machinery, except electrical ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT. Electric distributing equipment Transformers Switchgear and switchboard apparatus... Electrical industrial apparatus Motors and generators 'ndustrial controls Household appliances Household refrigerators and freezers Household laundry equipment Electric housewares and fans Electric lighting and wiring equipment Electric lamps Currentcarrying wiring devices Radio and TV receiving equipment Radio and TV receiving sets Communication equipment Telephone and telegraph apparatus Radio and TV communication equipment, Electronic components and accessories Electronic tubes Semiconductors and related devices Electronic components, nee Misc. electrical equipment and supplies Engine electrical equipment TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Motor vehicles and equipment Motor vehicles and car bodies Truck and bus bodies Motor vehicle parts and accessories. Truck trailers Aircraft and parts Aircraft Aircraft engines and engine parts... Aircraft equipment, nee Ship and boat building and repairing Ship building and repairing Boat building and repairing Railroad equipment Guided missites, space vehicles, parts... Guided missiles and space vehicles... Miscellaneous transportation equipment INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Engineering and scientific instruments Measuring and controlling devices Environmental controls Process control instruments Instruments to measure electricity 3, m.... # # 4 # m3 u 3 m # # # 7 # # 3 3 # 8 0, , (M.3.. ( l ) See footnotes at end of table. 44 Digitized for FRASER

146 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D. Labor turnover rates, by industrycontinued Separation rates 97 SIC Code Oct. Nov. I979I Oct. New hires Nov. P Oct. Recalls Nov. Oct. Nov. I979P Nov. Oct. Layoffs Nov. P INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Cont'd Optical instruments and lenses Medical instruments and supplies Surgical and medical instruments Surgical appliances and supplies Ophthalmic goods Photographic equipment and supplies Watches, clocks, and watchcases 3.. i )! r) , MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware Musical instruments Toys and sporting goods Dolls, games, toys, and children's vehicles Sporting and athletic goods, nee Pens, pencils, office and art supplies Costume jewelry and notions Miscellaneous manufactures NONDURABLE GOODS FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Meat products Meat packing plants Sausages and other prepared meats Poultry dressing plants Dairy products Preserved fruits and vegetables Grain mill products Bakery products Bread, cake, and related products Cookies and crackers Sugar and confectionery products. Fats and oils Beverages Malt beverages Bottled and canned soft drinks Misc. foods and kindred products L TOBACCO MANUFACTURES Cigarettes... C TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Weaving mills, cotton Weaving mills, synthetics Weaving and finishing mills, wool Narrow fabric mills Knitting mills Women's hosiery, except socks Hosiery, nee Knit outerwear mills Knit underwear mills Circular knit fabric mills Textile finishing, except wool Floor covering mills Yarn and thread mills Miscellaneous textile goods APPAREL AND OTHER TEXTILE PRODUCTS Men's and boys' suits and coats Men's and boys' furnishings Men's and boys' shirts and nightwear Men's and boys' separate trousers Men's and boys' work clothing Women's and misses' outerwear Women's and children's undergarments Women's and children's underwear Brassieres and allied garments Children's outerwear Misc. apparel and accessories Misc. fabricated textile products ,,6 6 PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Paper and pulp mills Paper mills, except building paper..3.3 See footnotes at end of table. Digitized for FRASER i 45

147 ESTABLISHMENT DATA LABOR TURNOVER D. Labor turnover rates, by industry Continued Accession rates Separation rates 97 SIC Code Industry Oct. Nov. Oct. New hires Nov. " Oct. Recalls Nov. P Oct. Nov.. P Oct. Quits Nov. P Oct. Layoff* Nov. P PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Continued Paperboard mills Misc. converted paper products Paperboard containers and boxes Folding paperboard boxes Corrugated and solid fiber boxes PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Newspapers, Periodicals Books Miscellaneous publishing Commercial printing, Commercial printing, letterpress, Commercial printing, lithographic Blankbooks and bookbinding CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Industrial inorganic chemicals Industrial inorganic chemicals, nee, Plastics materials and synthetics Drugs Plastics materials and resins Organic fibers, noncellulosic Pharmaceutical preparations, Soap, cleaners, and toilet goods Soap and other detergents, Toilet preparations, Paints and allied products Industrial organic chemicals Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemical products PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Petroleum refining Paving and roofing materials , RUBBER AND MISC. PLASTICS PRODUCTS.. Tires and inner tubes Rubber and plastics footwear Reclaimed rubber, and rubber and plastics hose and belting Fabricated rubber products, nee Miscellaneous plastics products LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Leather tanning and finishing Footwear, except rubber, Men's footwear, except athletic Women's footwear, except athletic NONMANUFACTURING: MINING METAL MINING Iron ores Copper ores BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE MINING. OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Crude petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas liquids Oil and gas field services NONMETALLIC MINERALS, EXCEPT FUELS Crushed and broken stone Sand and gravel _ ,4.3 7 _ ^3 48 COMMUNICATION: Telephone communication. Less than ppreliminary. 46

148 ESTABLISHMENT DATA SEASONALLY ADJUSTED LABOR TURNOVER D3. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing, 969 to date, seasonally adjusted [Per 00 employees] Yew Jen. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June Jury Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Tom eocenhms P New hires ^. 9 separations P Quits f Layoffs pf;f Kl pprelfminary. 47

149 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas [ Per 00 employees ] State and area Sept. Oct..Q P Accession rates New hires Oct. P Sept. Sept. Recalls Oct.n P Sept. Oct. _ P Separation rates Quits Sept. Oct. D P Sept. Layoffs Oct... P ALABAMA: Birmingham... Mobile ALASKA ARIZONA Phoenix ARKANSAS Fort Smith Little Rock North Little Rock.... Pine Bluff , C O L O R A D O.... Denver Boulder CONNECTICUT Hartford DELAWARE Wilmington FLORIDA West Palm Beach Boca Raton " GEORGIA Atlanta HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS: Chicaao SMSA INDIANA IOWA Cedar RaDids KANSAS Wichita KENTUCKY LOUISIANA: MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS 3. 3 ". 5.3,9 ' MICHIGAN Flint See footnotes at end of table. 48

150 D4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued [ Per 00 employees ] ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER MINNESOTA Minneapolis St Paul Sept Oct., I979P Accession rates Sept. New hires Oct. _ I979P Sept. 9? Recalls Oct. P Sept Oct.., P Separat on rates Sept. 4. Quits Oct. p P Sept Layoffs P MISSISSIPPI: Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City St. Louis MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY: Camden 7 Hackensack Jersey City Newark New Brunswick Perth Amboy Sayreville.. Paterson Clifton Passaic Trenton NEW YORK Albany Schenectady Troy Binghamton Buffalo..... Elrnira Monroe County. Nassau Suffolk 9 New York and NassauSuffolk New York SMSA New York City Rochester.. Syracuse. Utica Rome Westchester County Q. 8 NORTH CAROLINA. Charlotte Gastonia. Greensboro WinstonSalem High Point NORTH DAKOTA... Fargo Moorhead OHIO Akron Cleveland... Dayton... Toledo... Youngstown Warren OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Tulsa n 5 OREGON.... Eugene Springfield Portland , 5. 5 PENNSYLVANIA Allentown Bethlehem Easton. Erie Harrisburg, Lancaster ' See footnotes at end of table. 49

151 ESTABLISHMENT DATA STATE AND AREA LABOR TURNOVER D4. Labor turnover rates in manufacturing for selected States and areas Continued [ Per 00 employees ] State and area Sept. Oct. _ P Sept. Accession rates New hires Oct. _ P Sept. Recalls Oct. _ P Sept. Oct._ P Separation rates Sept. Quits Oct. _ P Sept. Layoffs Oct._ P PENNSYLVANIA Continued Philadelphia SMSA Pittsburgh.. WilkesBarreHazleton WilliamsDort York RHODE ISLAND Providence Warwick Pawtucket SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls.3 i ).3.3. TENNESSEE: Memphis.. TEXAS: DallasFort Worth.. Houston... San Antonio UTAH 4 Salt Lake City Ogden 4 VERMONT Springfield (M VIRGINIA WASHINGTON: Seattle Everett ^ WISCONSIN WYOMING Less than Excludes agricultural chemcials, and miscellaneous manufacturing. Excludes canned fruits, vegetables, preserves, jams, and jellies. Excludes canning and preserving, and sugar. Excludes canning and preserving. Excludes canning and preserving, and newspapers. Subarea of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subarea of Rochester Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. Area included in New York and NassauSuffolk combined SMSA's. 0 Subarea of New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. * Excludes newhire rate for transportation equipment Subarea of Northeast Pennsylvania Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area. 3 Excludes canning and preserving, printing and publishing. ppreliminary. * Not available. SOURCE: Cooperating State agencies listed on inside back cover. 50

152 STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment State and area Labor force Number Percent of labor force NOV. OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P ALABAMA Birmingham Huntsville Mobile... Tuscaloosa *606, * * , 9.3 5,7 6,7 3,9 8,9,9 6, ? ALASKA , ARIZONA Phoenix Tucson.. * * * ,8 7,7 49,9 6,5 7, ARKANSAS Fayetteville Springdale Fort Smith'.. Little Rock North Little Rock Pine Bluff ,4 65, ? CALIFORNIA Anaheim Santa Ana Garden Grove Bakersfield Fresno... Los Angeles Long Beach Modesto... OxnardSimi ValleyVentura Riverside San Bernardino Ontario Sacramento, Salinas Seaside Monterey San Diego,.. San Francisco Oakland San Jose Santa Barbara Santa Maria Lompoc Santa Rosa Stockton VallejoFairfieldNapa 0*686,9 * * * *067, *088,3 76,6 65, 3*488,0 37, * *049 * * * , , 6. 6, COLORADO Denver Boulder * * * , 4. CONNECTICUT Bridgeport.. Hartford. New Britain New HavenWest Haven Stamford Waterbury * * ,4 * , , 4,3 4,8 DELAWARE Wilmington' , ,8 0, ,4 8 8 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Washington SMSA 38 * *587 35, * ,7 0,0 66 0,4 66,0 7 6, 4.? 4. FLORIDA Fort LauderdaleHollywood... Jacksonville Miami, Orlando, Pensacola Tampa St Petsrsburg West Palm Beach Boca Raton.. 3* , ,4 9, 3* ,0, ,9 6,0 5,6 7. GEORGIA Albany Atlanta Augusta... Columbus Macon Savannah * *3 9 *370,6 5,4 90, * , 6.* ,6 See footnotes at end of table. 5 Digitized for FRASER

153 STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued (Numbers in thousands) Unemploymen i State and area NOV. I97d Labor force OCT. NOV. P NOV. Number OCT. NOV. P NOV. Percent of labor force OCT. NOV. P HAWAII Honolulu ?.? 4. A IDAHO Boise City , S 4. 3*0 ILLINOIS Bioomington Normal Champaign Urbana Rantoul Chicago Davenport Rock Island Moline Decatur.. Peoria. Rockford Springfield I N D I A N A..... Anderson Evansville Fort Wayne Gary Hammond East Chicago Indianapolis Lafayette Wpst Lafayette Muncie South Bend Terre Haute 5* * *587,0 60, *4 8 3* * * * * , , 4. 0, ? 6. 7 s\s IOWA '. Cedar Rapids Des Moines..... Dubuque Sioux City'.. WaterlooCedar Falls * * * KANSAS Topeka Wichita *6 9 * * , KENTUCKY Lexington Fayette.,..,,,,., Louisville.. Owensboro * * * , ,7 LOUISIANA Lafayette Lake Charles.... Monroe New Orleans Shreveport * * * , 4 <v , 4 3, 9. 8, , , MAINE Lewiston Auburn Portland , 3, , ? MARYLAND Baltimore *05 *048 *0 *06 * * , 8 7, 65, ? MASSACHUSETTS Boston Brockton Fall River Lawrence Haverhill' Lowell New Bedford SpringfieldChicopeeHolyoke tb3 * *85 * *88 * , 65, 7 4, 5 6, I , 6,, > , 3. 4, 7, , 7, , 4.S ? MICHIGAN Ann Arbor 4* * * , 6 34, See footnotes at end of table. 5

154 E. Labor fore, and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areascontinued STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA Unemployment State and area NOV. 97b Labor force OCT. NOV. P NOV. Number OCT. NOV. P NOV. 973 Percent of labor force OCT. NOV. P MICHIGAN Continued Battle Creek.. Bay City.. Detroit Flint Grand Rapids Jackson Kal amazoo Portage Lansing East Lansing Muskegon Norton Shores Muskegon Heights Saginaw 8 5 * ? *6 8 5 * * ? MINNESOTA Duluth Superior MinneapolisSt. Paul * *077.3 *05 8 *088.0 * * ? MISSISSIPPI... Jackson MISSOURI Kansas City l St. Joseph St. Louis Springfield MONTANA Billings... Great Falls... NEBRASKA Omaha l * *098 A, * * * * , * 4.* 4. NEVADA Las Vegas... Reno NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester Nashua NEW JERSEY Atlantic City Jersey City... Long Branch Asbury Park New BrunswickPerth AmboySayreville Paterson Clifton Passaic Trenton VinelandMillvilleBridgeton NEW MEXICO. Albuquerque * * * * *3 8* * NEW YORK 3 Albany Schenectady Troy Binghamton* Buffalo Elmira NassauSuffolk New York. New York City* Poughkaepsie.. Rochester Syracuse UticaRome NORTH CAROLINA Asheville..., CharlotteGattonia 7* *6 3*58 * c 38 * * *8 3*579 * * * *98 3*65 3* * , * See footnotes at end of table. 53

155 STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA E. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued jnumbers in thousands) Unemployment Percent of labor force NOV. 970 OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P NORTH CAROLINA Continued GreensboroWinstonSalemHigh Point RaleighDurham NORTH DAKOTA FargoMoorehead' , ?,3.* OHIO Akron Canton Cincinnati * Cleveland Columbus Dayton Toledo Youngstown Warren, 5* * * , , ,3 40, 3, 6,,0 4,9 30, , , 4. 5.ft 5.B 6. 7.? 6 OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City Tulsa OREGON EugeneSpringfield Portland' Salem PENNSYLVANIA AllentownBethlehemEaston Altoona Erie Harrisburg.: Johnstown Lancaster Northeast Pennsylvania Philadelphia' Pittsburgh Reading Williamsport York * * ,3 4* * * * , *3 * *30,5 4,6 306 * ,3 30,3 59,6 7,9 7,6 0,5 77,8 86,0 *36,9 *09,3 56, ,7 3,0 0,9 73,0 8, ,4 8, ? ? B 7,6 6.B RHODE ISLAND ProvidenceWarwickPawtucket SOUTH CAROLINA CharlestonNorth Charleston Columbia GreenvilleSpartanburg SOUTH DAKOTA Sioux Falls TENNESSl Chattanootp' Krtoxville Memphis Nashvi!le~Davk**on TEXAS 3 Amarillo Austin BeaumontPort ArthurOrange Corpus Christ!, DallasFort Worth El Paso Galveston Texas City Houston..... Lubbock S8n Antonio Waco Wichita Falls * * * * * * * * ,5 * *49, ,5 45 *38,3 56,8 77,9 63, 39,3 59,8 *07, 9,6,9 388,4 409, 6*7, * * ,8 9.3, 6,4 9,9 3, 8.0, 7,0 53, 5, , ,0 6 3.B 7. 4.? 6 8. See footnotes at end of table. 54

156 E. Labor force and unemployment by State and selected metropolitan areas Continued STATE AND AREA UNEMPLOYMENT DATA (Numbers in thousands) Unemployment Percent of labor force NOV. 976 OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P NOV. OCT. NOV. P UTAH Salt Lake CityOgden '. 554* VERMONT VIRGINIA Lynchburg Newport News Hampton NorfolkVirginia BeachPortsmouth * PetersburgColonial HeightsHopewell Richmond Roanoke, * * * ? WASHINGTON SeattleEverett Spokane Tacoma WEST VIRGINIA Charleston Huntington Ashland ParkersburgMarietta' Wheeling' * * * WISCONSIN AppletonOshkosh Eau Claire Green Bay Kenosha La Crosse Madison Milwaukee Racine * * * WYOMING ? Includes interstate portion of area located in adjacent State. Data are obtained directly from the Current Population Survey. (See"Explanatory Notes" for State and Area Unemployment Data in Employment and Earnings, monthly.) NOTE: Estimates for have been bench marked to Current Population Survey annual averages. Except in the 0 States and areas designated by footnote, estimates for are provisional and will be revised when new benchmark information becomes available. Data refer to place of residence. p= preliminary. N.A.=not available. SOURCE: Current Population Survey and Cooperating State Employment Security Agencies listed on inside back cover. Labor force ami unemployment estimates for counties, cities, and other small areas have been prepared for administration of various Federal economic assistance programs and may be ordered from the National Technical Information Service. When ordering, please specify "CETA Area Employment and Unemployment," "State, County, and Selected City Employment and Unemployment," and "Unemployment Rates for State and Local Governments." A complete set of price schedules and publications is available from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 585 Port Royal Road, Springfield Virginia, 6. 55

157 HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 99 to date [Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Year and month noninstitutional population labor force Number Employed Percent of population Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Number Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force Persons 4 years of age and over ,440 50,080 50,680 5, ,80 49,80 50,40 5,000 5,590 47,630 45,480 4,400 38,940 38,760 0,450 0,340 0,90 0,70 0,090 37,80 35,40 3,0 8,770 8,670,550 4,340 8,00,060, U) 5,490 53,40 53,740 54,30 54,950 5,30 5,870 53,440 54,000 54,60 40,890 4,60 44,40 46,300 44,0 9,900 0, ,80 9,690 30,990 3,50 34,40 36,480 34,530,340 0,60 9,030 7,700 0, ,380 0,50 0, ,600 56,80 57,530 60, ,30 55,640 55,90 56,40 55,540 45,750 47,50 50,350 53,750 54,470 9,60 9,540 9,00 9,50 9,080 36,40 37,980 4,50 44,500 45,390 9,480 8,0 5,560,660, (I)' 44,00 43,990 4,30 39, ,630 05,530 06,50 07,608 66,040 65,300 60,970 6, ,630 53,860 57,50 60,68 53,960 5,80 55,50 57,8 8,950 8,580 8,30 8,56 45,00 44,40 46,930 49, ,040,70,356 38,590 40,30 45,550 45,850 Persons 6 years of age and over ,48 04,57 05,6 06,645 07,7 60,94 6,080 6,903 63,858 65, ,350 60,6 6,86 6,08 6,07 57,038 58,343 57,65 58,98 59,96 7,890 7,69 7,658 7,60 6,76 49,48 50,74 49,993 5,758 53,35,3,76 3,637 3,88,055 4, ,708 4,787 4, ,83 0,60,67,73 3,8 65,730 66,560 66,993 68,07 69, ,38 63,05 63,643 65,03 66,55 60,50 6,79 60,09 6,70 63,799 6,500 6,60 6,05 6,450 6,83 53,749 54,99 53,904 55,7 57,54,883,834 3,53,85, ,093 44,04 44,678 44,660 44, I ,065 6,363 7,88 9,759,343 69,79 70,75 70,9 7,4 73, ,99 67,639 68,369 69,68 70,459 64,07 63,036 64,630 65,778 65,746 5,947 5,586 5,565 5,458 5,00 58,3 57,450 59,065 60,38 60,546,859 4,60 3,740 3,85 4, ,336 46,088 46,960 47,67 48, ,98 5,54 7,4 9,36 3,80 73,44 74,57 75,830 77,78 78, ,64 7,833 73,09 74,455 75,770 66,70 67,76 69,305 7,088 7,895 4,944 4,687 4,53 4,36 3,979 6,759 63,076 64,78 66,76 68,95 3,9 4,070 3,786 3,366,875 49,539 50,583 5,394 5,058 5, ,39 35,56 37,84 40,8 4,596 80,793 8,7 84,40 85,903 86, ,347 78,737 80,734 8,75 84,3 74,37 75,90 77,90 78,67 79,0 3,844 3,87 3,606 3,46 3,387 70,57 7,03 74,96 75,65 75,73,975,87,83 4,088 4,993 5,57 53,9 53,60 54,80 55, * 45,775 48,63 50,87 53,449 56,048 58,559 6,058 63,60 88,99 9,040 93,40 94,793 96,97 99,534 0,537 04, ,54 88,74 9,0 9,63 94,773 97,40 00,40 0,908 8,70 84,409 85,935 84,783 87,485 90,546 94,373 96,945 3,47 3,45 3,49 3,380 3,97 3,44 3,34 3,97 78,30 80,957 8,443 8,403 84,88 87,30 9,03 93,648 4,840 4,304 5,076 7,830 7,88 6,855 6,047 5, ,785 57, 57,587 58,655 59,30 59,05 58,5 58,63 Not available. 3 Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation, see "Historic Comparability" under Household Data section of Explanatory Notes. 56

158 HOUSEHOLD DATA HISTORICAL. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, 6 years and over by sex, 947 to date [Numbers in thousands] Year, month, and sax noninstituttonal population labor force Number Civilian labor force Employed of population Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Number Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force I * * 973 * ,968 5,439 5,9 5,35 5,788 53,48 54,48 54,706 55, 55,547 56,08 56,640 57,3 58,44 58,86 59,66 60,67 6,556 6,473 63,35 64,36 65,345 66,365 67,409 68,5 69,864 7,00 7,53 73,494 74,739 75,98 77,69 78,397 44,58 44,79 45,097 45,446 46,063 46,46 47,3 47,75 47,488 47,94 47,964 48,6 48,405 48,870 49,93 49,395 49,835 50,387 50,946 5,560 5,398 53,030 53,688 54,343 54,797 55,67 56,479 57,349 57,706 58,397 59,467 60,535 6, ,686 43,86 43,498 43,89 43,00 4,869 43,633 43,965 44,475 45,09 45,97 45,5 45,886 46,388 46,653 46,600 47,9 47,679 48,55 48,47 48,987 49,533 50, 5,95 5,0 53,65 54,03 55,86 55,65 56,359 57,449 58,54 59,57 40,995 4,75 40,95 4,578 4,780 4,68 4,430 4,69 4,6 43,379 43,357 4,43 43,466 43,904 43,656 44,77 44,657 45,474 46,340 46,99 47,479 48,4 48,88 48,960 49,45 50,630 5,963 5,58 5,30 5,39 53,86 55,49 56,499 6,643 6,358 6,343 6,00 5,534 5,390 5,53 5,00 5,65 5,040 4,84 4,596 4,53 4,47 4,98 4,069 3,809 3,69 3,547 3,43 3,64 3,57,963,86,790,839,833,900,80,76,639,68,645 34,35 35,367 34,583 35,576 36,46 36,93 37,77 36,48 37,356 38,339 38,53 37,87 38,934 39,43 39,359 40,08 40,849 4,78 4,79 43,675 44,35 44,957 45,855 46,099 46,455 47,79 49,30 49,68 48,49 49,675 5, 5,80 53,854,69,559,57,39,,85,0,344,854,7,84 3,098,40,486,997,43,47,05,94,55,508,49,403,35,776,635,40,668 4,385 3,968 3,588 3,05 3, ,70 6,70 6,85 6,906 6,75 6,83 7,7 7,43 7,634 7,633 8,8 8,54 8,907 9,74 9,633 0,3 0,79,69,57,79,99,35,677 3,066 3,75 4,93 4,54 4,904 5,788 6,34 6,54 6,634 6,93 las 947, I , ,450 53,088 53,689 54,93 54,933 55,575 56,353 56,965 57,60 58,64 58,983 59,73 60,569 6,65 6,57 63,355 64,57 65,668 66,763 67,89 69,003 70,7 7,476 7,774 74,084 75,9 77,4 78,575 79,954 8,309 8,577 83,890 85,3 6,683 7,35 7,806 8,4 9,054 9,34 9,49 9,78 0,584,495,765,49,56 3,7 3,838 4,047 4,736 5,443 6,3 7,333 8,395 9,4 30,55 3,560 3,3 33,30 34,56 35,89 37,087 38,50 40,067 4,00 43, ,664 7,335 7,788 8,389 9,06 9,69 9,38 9,678 0,548,46,73,8,483 3,40 3,806 4,04 4,704 5,4 6,00 7,99 8,360 9,04 30,53 3,50 3,09 33,77 34,50 35,85 36,998 38,44 39,95 4,878 43,39 6,045 6,67 6,73 7,340 8,8 8,568 8,749 8,490 9,55 0,49 0,74 0,63 64,874,090,55 3,05 3,83 4,748 5,976 6,893 7,807 9,084 9,667 9,875 3,07 3,446 33,47 33,553 35,095 36,685 38,88 40,446,48,7,35,59,93,, ,84,44, ,797 5,346 5,409 6,8 6,988 7,458 7, , ,59 9,63 0 3?0 887,87 65,7 3, , 7,47 8,44 9, ,439 3,87 3, ,53 36,080 38, 39, ,065, ,08, ,77 488,598, ,468,397,49,853,7,05,064, ,30 3,67,996, ,767 35,737 35,883 35,88 35,879 36,6 36, , ,8 37, , , ,976 40,94 4, , ,789 4,50 4,887 4,69 See footnote, table. 57

159 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race {Numbers in thousands] labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Sex,age, and race of population Employed of labor force Keeping house Going MALES 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 6,466 8,869 5,309, 60 3, ,57 8,9 5,03,45,886 56,499 7, 08 4,36,76,475 3,08, ,93 3,854 3, 4,00, ,63,976,456,6 846, , to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 54,9 8,983 38,05 8,600 7,80 6,33 5,84 5,06 5, ,558 8,39 37,80 8,36 7,556 6,40 5,97 5,03 5,0 50,403 7, ,93 7,83b 7,97 5,958 5,056 4,90 4,874,56 705, , 8,75, G , , , , to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 7,4 4,404, ,40 4,403,737 6,946 4,85, ,64 953, ,04 638, years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over,98, ,98,4 804,86, ,689,668 5, ,00,45 4,586 White 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 54,63 7,786 4,705,950, ,074 7,88 4,49,93 7,555 50,7 6,46 3,8 66,64,4, ,49 3,0,435, ,877,36C,90,4 674, , to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 48,68 7,795 33,860 4,489 0,345 9, ,843 7,5 33, 05 4,00 0, 8,994 45,68 6,69 3,9 3,497 9,859 8,773, ,066,03, S , , to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,5 4,00,503, ,5 4,009,503,740, 6,348 3,9,437, ,33 88,54 6, ,88 558,60 6,356 Black and other 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 6,85, , , , ,, to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 6,06,88 4,45,9,70, ,76,03 4,075,79,6,057 5, ,794,637,54, , ^ to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over

160 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, age, and race Continued [Numbers in thousands] labor force Civilian labor force Not in labor force Sex, age, and race Percent of population of labor Keeping Going FEMALES 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 4 3,53 7,344 4,504,849, ,39 7,89 4,48,848,633 40,446 6,4 3,748,50,38,945, ,69 5, 7 3,743, 88,555 3,057, ,566,946,475,67 846, , to 64 years 0 to 4 years... 5 to 54 years... 5 to 9 years.. 30 to 34 years.. 35 to 39 years.. 40 to 44 years.. 45 to 49 years.. 50 to 54 years.. 3 7,88 7,00 6,0 6,066 5,4 4,377 3,757 3,450 3, ,765 7,09 6,56 6,034 5,33 4,375 3,755 3,449 3,4 35,590 6,3 58 4,798 5,6 4,839 4, 54 3,599 3,34 3,80,75 67, ,369 3 r44 5,874 3, 57 3, 75,530, 0,66,66,736,07 4,4,797,876,90,94,045,30, S S ,040 33, to 64 years.. 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 4,579,868, ,579,868,7 4,434,775, ,35 3,06 3,335 5,4,6, years and over 65 to 69 years 70 years and over, , , ,580 4,05 8,566 9,665 3,63 6, , ,670 White 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 37,635 6,467 4,00,66, ,58 6,44 3,983,660,33 35,304 5,647 3,48,396,03, ,59 4,08,930,7,09 8,698,08 5 C ,89,339,944, , to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 3,66 6,,48 9,467 6,966 5, ,537 6,067,38 S,436 6,963 5,984 30,899 5,595,339 8,90 6,668 5,76,638 47, ,3,54 3,957 5,555 4,087 4,35 9,83,695,645 5,040 3,78 3, , to 64 years 55 to 59 years to 64 years years and over 4,087,556,53, ,087,556,53,008 3,965,480, ,73,7 3,0,430 4,944,380,564 8, ,040 Black and other 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 5, b , , ,00, , ? 6G to 64 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years to 44 years.. 45 to 54 years 5, ,785,74 i, ,9 96 3,774,73, , ,460,54, , 37 60, ,453 37, S 5S to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over ,

161 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 4. Labor force by sex, age, and race labor force Civilian labor force Sex,age, and race Thousands of persons Participation rates Thousands of persons Participation rates MALES 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 60,535 5,383,08 3, 75 6,466 5,309,60 3, ,54 5,078, 65,8S3 59,5 7 5,03,45, S to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 8,8 37,330 5,900,70 0,6 8,983 38,05 6,40,65 0, ,063 36,39 5,84 0,986 0, 8,39 37,80 5,79,337 0, C to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 7,088 4,390,698,93 7, 4 4,404,737, ,087 4,389,698,93 7,40 4,403,737, C White 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 53,867 4,767,988,779 54,63 4,705,950, ,58 4,55,969,556 53,074 4,49,937, to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 7,668 33,3 4,074 0,033 9,5 7,795 33,860 4,489 0,345 9, ,00 3,454 3,570 9,7S4 9,09 7,5 33,05 4,00 0, 8, C 9 S to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 6,455 3,993,463,75 6,5 4,00,503, ,454 3,99,46,75 6,5 4,009,503, C Black and other 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 6, , , , ' S to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over,4 4,098,86,36, ,88 4,45,9,70, , ,938 #74 *9, ,03 4,075,79,6, C

162 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 4. Labor force by sex, age, and race Continued labor force Civilian labor force Sex, age, and race Thousands of persons Participation rates Thousands of persons Participation rates FEMALES 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 4,00 4,48,866,66 43,53 4,504,849, ,378 4,46,865,597 43,39 4,48,848,633 5C to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 6,96 5,007 0,580 7,64b 6,78 7,00 6,0,08 8,34 6, ,860 4,968 0,546 7,64 6,78 7,09 6,56,67 8,30 6, C to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 4,469,85,643,0 4,579,868,7, ,468,85,643,0 4,579,868,7, White 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 36,98 3,93,684,97 37,635 4,00,66, ,98 3,965,683, 6 37,58 3,983,660, to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 5,958,375 8,93 6,58 5,96 6,,4 8 9,467 6,966 5, ,906,344 8,9C4 6,55 5,95 6,067,38 9,436 6,963 5, C to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,997,58, ,087,556,53, ,997,58, ,087,556,53, Black and other 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 5, , , , to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 967 3,63,649, ,785,74, ,64,64, ,774,73, to 64 years 55 to 59 years.. 60 to 64 years years and over C

163 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 5. Employment status of black workers by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor foroa Stxandagt Unemployed Agriculture Nonagricultural indut of labor force TOTAL 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0, , , , ,596, to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years,699 6,59,935,034,63,353 6,054,6,896, ,38 5,97,57,849, , to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over ,687 Males 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 5, , , , to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 870 3,48 #486, ,63, ,047, to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over years and over. 6 to 9 years. 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 4, , , , to 4 years. 5 to 54 years. 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 89 3, 74, ,89, ,870, S 7 50, to 64 years to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over ,07 NOTE: According to the 970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the 'black and other' population group. 6

164 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 6. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Employment status and race Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Both sexes, 69 years TOTAL noninstitutional population labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 6,058 0, ,40 94,37 3 3,34 9,03 6,047 6.U 58,5 63,60 04, ,908 96,945 3,97 93,648 5,963 58,63 68,693 55, ,464 5 r,36 48,85,5 3,54 69,964 56, ,486 5,64,350 49,93,3 4. 3,80 75,594 37, ,46 35, ,593,36 38,073 76,976 39,06 5C 3 8,90 36, ,07,3 37,849 6,77 S,fi ,540 7,98 3S5 7,566,559 6,907 6,68 9, ,5 7, ,68, ,867 White noninstitutional population labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Percent of labor force Not in labor force 4,89 90, ,456 83,836 3,034 80,80 4,60 5,4 43,60 9, ,60 86,05,999 83,06 4, ,0 60,877 49, ,733 45,977,0 43,857,757,777 6,89 49, ,583 46,854, 44,733,78,984 6^,9 3, ,33 30, ,00,686 33,9 3 67,95 33,634 5C.G 33,545 3, ,33 0,669 33,66 4,83 6, ,490 7, , S43, 78 5,435 4,07 8, ,475 7, ,963,8 5,365 Black and other noninstitutional population labor force Percent of population Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed, Percent oflabor force Not in labor force 9,769,37 6,964 0, ,9,47 7,397 0,359, ,306 0, ,6,386 7,6 7,86 6, ,73 5, , ,765 8,07 6, ,904 5, , ,83 9,365 5,04 5 5, 8 4,63 4 4, , t0 9,680 5,39 5 5,366 4,8 45 4, ,87,588,6 4, ,47,609, 06 4, ,50 63

165 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 7. Employment status of the noninstitutional population 6 years of age by race anjd sex {Numbers in thousands] Employment status White Black and other Both sexes Both Females TOTAL noninstitutiona! population labor force Percent of population, Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking fur fulltime work Looking for parttime work Percent of labqr force Not in labor force 5,84 6,3 6 5,508 3,349 55,84,59, ,97,73 8, ,9 7, ,675, ,854,46 7# ,89 6,4 9 6,49, ,7,303 U, ,7,07 488,584,639, ,050 0,808 7, ,88 6, , ,0 0,495 6, ,44 5, , ,08 3,88,S60 5C,796,77 37,39 5C ,9,95,C , ,089 Major activity: going to school Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work.... Percent of labor force Not in labor force 3,48,807 3, ,94,767,434 97, ,976,66,37 6, ,948 3,086,594, ,699,599,33 95, ,360,487,64 6, , , Major activity: other Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Looking for fulltime work Looking for parttime work.... Percent of labor force Not in labor force,08 0, ,30,538, ,047 6,453 5, , ,6 8 4, , , 69 0,66 9, ,00, ,35 5,689 5, , ,937 4, , ,690,454, C64 35,C

166 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 8. Full and parttime status of the civilian labor force by sex, age, and race [Numbers in thousands] Fulltime labor force Parttime labor force Race, sex, and age Fulltime schedules' Employed Part time for economic reasons Unemployed (looking for fulltime work) Percent of fulltime labor force Employed on voluntary part time' Unemployed (looking for parttime work) Percent of parttime labor force TOTAL Both sexes, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 87,74 0,5 5,59 #35 3,94 8,58 3,87 69,95 57,40,675 79,64 7,776 3, ,96 75,964,393 64,57 53,454,8 3, , ,, ,63 9, ,79,89,60 3, ,67 5,384 4,353,758,595 0,84,98 8, 633 5,97,96 3,843 4,60 3,67,77,395 0, 7,793 8,378 5,586,793, Males, 6 years and over... 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 54,666 5,67,909 5,777 7,477 44,300 36,454 7,846 50,596 4,463, 7 48,469 6,50 4,960 34,59 7,43, , , , ,47, ,83, 548,,70 76, , 4,34, 63,777, ,84 685, C 0 9 Females, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 33,055 4,453,49 30,806 5,80 4,996 0,966 4,030 9,08 3,33,534 7,495 4,883,6 8,95 3,687, ,569 37, , ,74 555,86, ,336,836,3 8, 05,0 6,885 5,90, 695 9,5 9,439,895 7,63 4, 03 6,53 4,90,63C C White Males, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years '.' 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 4 8,770 4,996,580 46,9 6,55 39,638 3,49 7,46 45,57 4,040,S5 43,565 5,80 37,763 30,96 6,80, , , , , ,304,9,9,39 673,79 63, 06 3,884,978,63,5 64,638 58, C Females, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 8,39 3,869,976 6, 63 4,965,99 7,586 3,6 5,037,987,407 3,69 4,84 9,345 6,005 3,340, , , , ,389,555,C07 7,38, 0 6,80 4,797,48 3 8,73,4C,74 6,98,007 5,974 4,546, Black and other Males, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 5, , ,66 3, , , , 97 3, J S Females, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 4, , ,798 3, , , ,67, i* C Employed persons with a job but not at work are distributed proportionately among the full and parttime employed categories. 65

167 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 9. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by family relationship [Numbers in thousands] Civilian labor fora Not in labor force Family relationship Percent of population Employed Unemployed Percent of labor force Keeping Going, 6 years and over 0, ,945 5,963 58,63 3,49 7,79,868 6,57 Husbands With employed wife With unemployed wife With wife not in labor force Wives With employed husband With unemployed husband With husband not in labor force Relatives in husbandwife families 69 years 04 years 5 years and over Women who head families Relatives in femaleheaded families 69 years 04 years 5 years and over Persons not living in families 40,955 0,638,094 7,545 3,65,3 60,89,367,797,99,65,993,68,43,43,5, ,83 0,4 99 7,099,453 0,4 497,84,67 5,85 4,48,48 4,58 3,450,046,035,369 3,958, , , ,337, ,94 4,488 7, ,94 8,639 4,99,58,9 3,44 3,90,3 468,400 9, ,69 5, ,954, , , ,89 3, , , ,85, ,089, , ,66 Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head families. Individuals living alone or with unrelated persons plus a small number of persons in secondary families. 0. Unemployed persons by marital status, sex, agj, and race Marital status, sex, age, and race Thousands of persons Unemploym Thousands of persons Unemployment, 6 years and over 3,05 3,08,996, Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married), 06 95,650, 0 30,65,74 543, 79,4 540,8 6, White, 6 years and over,365,354,55,4 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 935 0, 90 5,9 9 9,6, ,040* Black and other, 6 years and over Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) , 0 to 64 years of age, 7, 56 4.,93,75 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married), , , , White, 0 to 64 years of age,690,673,650,638 Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Black and other, 0 to 64 years of age Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 63 *

168 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANN UAL AVERAGES. Unemployed persons by occupation of last job and sex Occupation Thousands of persons, 6 years and over Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm.. Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Carpenters and other construction craft. All other Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Construction laborers All other Service workers Private household All other Farm workers No previous work experience 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 6,047, , , ,963, , , , Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.. Unemployed persons by industry of last job and sex Unemployment rates Percent distribution Industry Males Female*, 6 years and over Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products, Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical equipment Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Automobiles Other transportation equipment... Instruments and related products Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Rubber and plastics products Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communication and other public utilities. Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Professional services All other service industries Agricultural wage and salary workers All other classes of workers No previous work experience *OQ.O , , S _.~ 6,

169 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, sex, age, and race RflosaWi for im6ivi ploy wont Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Both sexes, 6 to 9 years White Back and other UNEMPLOYMENT LEVEL unemployed, in thousands... Job losers On layoff Othtr job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 6,047,54 698,86 85, ,963, ,70 854, ,5, , ,3, , , , , ,60,97 593, , ,577, ,99 75,34 555, , PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYMENT RATE unemployment rate Job losers rate Job leaver rate Reentrant rate New entrant rate Unemployment rates are calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force. 4. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, duration, sex, and age [Percent distribution] Reason, sex, and age unemployed Duration of unemployment of persons Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks, 6 years and over... 5, Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants, ,70 854, U Males, 0 years and over.., Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants, Females, 0 years and over., Job losers, On layoff Other job losers Job leaver* R69ntrftntf ««* ** New entreats $ 7 9 Both sexes, 6 to 9 years., Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leaven Reentrants New entrants

170 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 5. Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, age, and race Thousands of persons Methods used as a percent of total jobseekcrs Sex, age. and race jobseekers Public Employer directly Average number of, 6 years and over. 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 5,963,58,377, ,05,40,6, S 3.' Males, 6 years and over.. 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3, b 93 67, Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over White, 6 years and over Males Females, ,577,354,4, ,778,866, S Black and other, 6 years and over Males Females, , NOTE: The jobseekers total is less than the total unemployed because persons on layoff or waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are not actually seeking jobs. It should also be noted that the percent using each method will always total more than 00 because many jobseekers use more than one method. Percent not shown where base is less than 35, Unemployed jobseekers by the jobsearch methods used, sex, and reason for unemployment Sex and reason unemployed Thousands of persons jobseekers Public mant agency Private employment agency Methods used as a percent of total jobseekers Employer directly Placed or answered ads Friends or Other Average number of methods used, 6 years and over Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 5,963, , ,05,77 855, Males, 6 years and over Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 3,08, ,44, Females, 6 years and over Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants, ,06 455, , NOTE: See note, table 5. 69

171 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVERAGES 7. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment FulltifM workers Duration of untmployinent Thousands of persons Percent distribution Thousanda of paraons, 6 years and over 6,047 5,963 4,706 4,639 Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 to 0 weeks to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over... 7 to 5 weeks 5 weeks and over,793,875, , ,869,89, , ,996,498,087 4, ,060,5, 409, fi 8 5..C Average (mean) duration, in weeks :.. Median duration, in weeks Unemployed persons by duration, sex, age, race, and marital status Jex. age, race, and marital status Lass than 5 weeks Thousandi of persons 7 weeks Average (mean) duration. in weeks Lass than S weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 5 weeks and ovar as a percent of unemployed in group, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 5,963,59,56,377, ,869, , MBles, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over 3,08, , Females, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 years and over,945, , White, 6 years and over Males Females Black and other, 6 years and over Females 4,577,354 #4, ,63,08, , , 6 0 Males, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) Females, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married),0 30,65,4 540, / , 7O

172 9. Unemployed persons by duration, occupation, and industry of last job HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES Occupation and industry Thousands of parsons 5 to 6 weeks Average duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks Less than 5 weeks as a percent of unemployed in group 5 weeks and over as a percent of unemployed in group OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and managerial Sales workers Clerical workers, S 9, Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers,, , Service workers INDUSTRY Agriculture Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Public administration 4 548, ,3, S 4 4i H C No previous work experience Includes wage and salary workers only. 0. Employed persons by sex and age [In thousands] Age and type of industry All industries 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Nonagricuhural industries 6 to 9 years '..'.. 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Agriculture 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 54 years 5 to 34 years. 35 to 44 years ' to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over ,373 7,98 3,69 4,7 3,498 58,759 4,47 7,938 6,349,7 7,003 4,3,99 9,03 7,586 3,054 4,53 3,08 57,09 3,858 7,437 5,796 0,680 6,70 3,970,566 3, , ,945 7,984 3,7 4,73 3,89 60,7 5,584 8,768 6,369,380 7,060 4,30,969 93,648 7,68 3, 067 4,560 3,493 59,00 4,933 8,6 5,85 0,875 6, 799 4,076,64 3, , ,49 4,79,767,5 7,330 35, 49 4,69 0,678 9, 84 6,89 4,66,66,84 5,80 3,959,596,363 7,07 33,86 4, 48 0,96 9,47 6,447 4,033,44,57, , ,499 4,36,76,475 7,534 35,93 5,33,04 9,775 6,946 4,85,66,86 53,854 3(,94,594,,347 7,,0 34,,609 ' " i,66 0,,635 9,358 6,,54,073,45!,570, , J8,88 3,70,5C, CO 6,66 3,6CS S,843 7( r6c 6,,507 4,,35,,738,,587,,077 38,, 3,,67,,45fi,, 69 6,,GS, 3 9. P 7 0 7,,4 6.,379 4, 34,,677, 556 # C S ,446 3,74 8,50,38 6,358 4,798 0,450 7,,754 6,,594 4,434, r775,,659 hr 08 39,,79 4 3,,687,474,,3 6,,83 4,, ,37 7,,66 6,, , 77, 65 r

173 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and age [In thousands] Occupation Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Males, 69 years Females, 69 years TOTAL 94,373 96,945 5, 5,64 35,80 36,698 4,79 4,36 3,70 3,748 Whitecollar workers 47,05 49,34,98,639,74 4, ,83,930 Professional and technical Health workers Teachers, except college Other professional and technical... 4,45,605,99 8,648 5,050,809 3,8 9, 3 8, ,88 8, ,578 5,988,670,06, 6,45,839,87, Managers and administrators, except farm. Salaried workers Selfemployed workers in retail trade... Selfemployed workers, except retail trade 0, 05 8, ,56 8, ,687 6, ,877 6, ,34, ,5 37, Sales workers.... Retail trade.... Other industries. 5,95 3, 7,779 6,63 3,5, 948 3, #079 3,4,007, 34,54,633 6,338, Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries Other clerical workers 6,904 4,79,75 7,63 4,85,788 3,7 69 3,03 3, ,,75 4,90 7,885,807 4,404 8, , , Blue collar workers.. 3,53 3,066 3,367 3,76 5,33 5,477,398, Craft and kindred workers Carpenters Construction craft, except carpenter ers Mechanics and repairers Metal craft Bluecollar worker supervisors, not elsewhere classified All other,386,53,508 3,335,3,67,404,880,76,639 3,45, 9,739,484,3,66,35 3,4, 45,496,930,595,78,464 3,06,3,550, Operatives, except transport Durable goods manufacturing... Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries 0,875 4, 909 3,479,487 0,909 3,03 3,376,50 5,858 3,03,354,473 5,89 3,057,36,50 4,05,538, ,080,654, Transport equipment operatives Drivers, motor vehicles... All other 3,54 3, , ,096, ,37, Nonfarm laborers.. Construction Manufacturing... Other industries.. Service workers 4, #06,7 8,839 4, ,068 9,834 3, ,68 3,844 3, ,67 3, , ,674, , , ,337 Private household workers Service workers, except private household. Food service workers Protective service workers All other.,6,677 4,83,358 6, 036 Farmworkers j,798 Farmers and farm managers,480 Farm laborers and supervi: Paid workers Unpaid family workers,38,09 99,088,746 4,300,406 6,040,703,446, ,89 753,0,856,00, , ,59,80,934, ,779,70 3, ,87, , T , ,

174 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVERAGES. Employed persons by occupation, sex, and race [Percent distribution] Occupation and race S78 TOTAL, 6 years and over (thousands) Percent 94, ,945 55,49 56,499 38,88 40,446 Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors.. x d) C 9 7.3, 6 years and over (thousands) Percent Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 83, , , ,7 4 33, , Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers S Service workers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors,.3., ,7., C Black and other, 6 years and over (thousands) Percent Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 0, , , ,779 C , , Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Private household workers Other service workers e 3 6 Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors Less than 0.05 percent. 73

175 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANN UAL AVERAGES 3. Employed persons by detailed occupation, sex, and race (Numbers in thousands) Percent of total Percent of total Occupations employed Black Occupations Female Black and other, 6 years and over Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Accountants Architects Computer specialists Computer programmers Computer systems analysts Engineers Aeronautical and astronauticat engineers Civil engineers Electrical and electronic engineers Industrial engineers Mechanical engineers Foresters and conservationists Lawyers and judges Lawyers Librarians, archivists, and curators Librarians Life and physical scientists Biological scientists Chemists Operations and systemsresearchersand analysts.. Personnel and labor relations workers Physicians, dentists and related practitioners Dentists Pharmacists Physicians, medical and osteopathic Nurses, dieticians, and therapists < Registered nurses Therapists Health technologists and technicians Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians Radiologic technologists and technicians, Religious workers Clergy Social scientists, Economists Psychologists, Social and recreation workers Social workers, Recreation workers Teachers, college and university Teachers, except college and university Adult education teachers Elementary school teachers Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers Secondary school teachers Teachers except college and university, n.e.c.. Engineering and science technicians Chemical technicians Drafters Electrical and electronic engineering technicians Surveyors Technicians, except health, engineering and science Airplane pilots Radio operators Vocational and educational counselors Writers, artists, and entertainers, Athletes and kindred workers, Designers, Editors and reporters, Musicians and composers Painters and sculptors, Photographers Public relations specialists and publicity writers. Research workers, not specified Ail other professional and technical workers Managers and administrators, except farm, Bank officials and financial managers Buyers and purchasing agents Buyers, wholesale and retail trade... Credit and collection managers Health administrators 96,945 49,34 5,050, , ,488, ,8 76,374 34,3 0, , , , Whitecollar workers Continued Managers and administrators Continued Inspectors, except construction and public administration. Managers and superintendents, building Office managers, n.e.c Officials and administrators; public administration n.e.c... Officials of lodges, societies, and unions Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers Sales managers and department heads, retail trade Sales managers, except retail trade School administrators, college School administrators, elementary and secondary Ail other managers and administrators Sales workers Advertising agents and sales workers Demonstrators Hucksters and peddlers Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters Newspaper carriers and vendors Real estate agents and brokers Stock and bond sales agents Sales workers and sales clerks, n.e.c Sales representatives, manufacturing industries. Sales representatives, wholesale trade Sales clerks, retail trade Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade Sales workers, services and construction Clerical workers Bank tellers Billing clerks Bookkeepers Cashiers Clerical supervisors, n.e.c Collectors, bill and account Counter clerks, except food Dispatchers and starters, vehicle Enumerators and interviewers Estimators and investigators, n.e.c. Expediters and production controllers File clerks Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators.. Library attendants and assistants Mail carriers, post office Mail handlers, except post office Messengers and office helpers Office machine operators Bookkeeping and billing machine operators Computer and peripheral equipment operators. Key punch operators Payroll and timekeeping clerks Postal clerks Receptionists Secretaries Secretaries, legal Secretaries, medical Secretaries, n.e.c Shipping and receiving clerks Statistical clerks Stenographers Stock clerks and storekeepers Teachers aides, except school monitors Telephone operators Ticket, station, and express agents Typists All other clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers, Carpenters Brickmasons and stonemasons Cement and concrete finshers Electricians Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators. Painters, construction and maintenance ,73 6, , , , ,90, , , ,00,783 3,066,880,

176 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Employed persons by detailed occupation,sex,and race Continued (Numbers in thousands) Percent of total Percent of total Occupstions employed Females Occupations employed and other Bluecollar workers Continued Craft and kindred workers Continued Plumbers and pipefitters Structural metal craft workers Roofers and slaters Bluecollar worker supervisors, n.e.c Machinists and job setters Job and die setters, metal Machinists Metal craft workers, excluding mechanics, machinists, and job setters Millwrights Molders, metal Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths Tool and die makers Mechanics, automobiles Automobile body repairers Automobile mechanics Mechanics, except automobiles Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration mechanics, Aircraft mechanics Data processing machine repairers i srm iftiplcmcnt mgchdnics... Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel Household appliance and accessory installers and mechanics Office machine repairers Radio and television repairers Railroad and car shop mechanics Printing craft workers Compositors and typesetters Printing press operators Bakers Cabinetmakers Carpet installers Crane, derrick, and hoist operators Decorators and window dressers Electric power line and cable installers and repairers... Inspectors, n.e.c Locomotive engineers Stationary engineers Tailors Telephone installers and repairers Telephone line installers and repairers Upholsterers All other craft workers.. Operatives, except transport Assemblers Bottling and canning operatives Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing... Clothing ironers and p:essers Cutting operatives, n.e.c Dressmakers, except factory Drillers, earth Dry wall installers and lathers Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers, metal Garage workers and gas station attendants Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c Meat cutters and butchers, except manufacturing Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing Mine operatives, n.e.c Mixing operatives Packers and wrappers, excluding meat and produce Painters, manufactured articles Photographic process workers Precision machine operatives Drill press operatives Grinding machine operatives Lathe and milling machine operatives Punch and stamping press operatives Sawyers Sewers and stitchers , ,7 9,08, ,909, ,8 5, ,9 7, Bluecollar workers Continued Operatives, except transport Continued Shoemaking machine operatives Furnace tenders and stokers, except metal. Textile operatives Spinners, twisters, and winders Welders and flame cutters Winding operatives, n.e.c All other operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Busdrivers Delivery and route workers Fork lift and tow motor operatives Railroad switch operators Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs Truck drivers All other transport equipment operatives... Nonfarm laborers Animal caretakers Construction laborers including carpenters' helpers Freight and material handlers Garbage collectors Gardeners and grounds keepers, except farm. Timber cutting and logging workers Stockhandlers Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners Warehouse laborers, n.e.c All other nonfarm laborers Service workers Private households Child care workers Cleaners and servants Housekeepers Service workers, except private households Cleaning workers Lodging quarters cleaners Building interior cleaners, n.e.c Janitors and sextons Food service workers Bartenders Waiters' assistants Cooks Dishwashers Food counter and fountain workers Waiters Food service workers, n.e.c Health service workers Dental assistants Health aides, excluding nursing Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants Practical nurses Personal service workers Attendants Barbers Child care workers Hairdressers and cosmetologists Housekeepers, excluding private households. Wai fare service aides Protective service workers ;. Fire fighters Guards Police and detectives Sheriffs and bailiffs Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farmers (owners and tenants) Farm laborers and supervisors Farm laborers, wage workers Farm laborers, unpaid family workers ,86 3, , , ,834, ,746, ,374 4, , ,363 59, ,04 376, , ,703,446,405,57 93C NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of occupations which cannot be more specifically identified. 75

177 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 4. Employed persons by class of worker, age, and sex [In thousands] Nonagricultural industries Agriculture Age and sex Wage and salary workers Private household workers employed Unpaid Wage and salary Unpaid family workers, 6 years and over. 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Males, 6 years and over.. 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 86,540 7,503 3,004 4,499 3,40 3,3 6,556 4,30 9,74 6,099 3,65,076 49,098 3,86,554,307 6,977 3,563 9,509 8,87 5,73 3,590,33,77, , ,53 4,43 3,479 3,05,05, , ,,740,586, ,93 6,656,590 4,066,56 8,764,946,005 7,468 4,704,765,566 4,8 3,54,40,39 6,333,337 7,760 6,688 4,666,94, , ,53,578,484, , ,047,6, , , ,580 3 M , Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over 37,44 3,64,450,9 6, 63 9,759 7,047 5,943 3,99,508, , , ,0,739, ,650 3,5.89,96 5,93 7,47 5,86 4,36,80,780,03 609, Employed persons by industry and occupation [In thousands] Industry Clerical workers Craft, 6 years and ovsr: Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods.. Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households... Other service industries Public administration , ,99,37 3,450 8,688 6,406 9,67 3,775 5,898 5,779 7,433,30 6,3 5, ,376, ,08 0, , , ,987,09,98, , ,5, ,648,55,095,448 3,445 77,673,605 5,054 5,04, ,493 4,344,864,480,376,54 34,0 5,48 6, ,408 5,03 3, , , , ,088, ,5 36 3, ,4 49 6,65,08,703

178 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 6. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by class of worker and sex (In thousands) Industry employed Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers TOTAL Both sexes, 6 years and over: Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade. Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Business repair Personal Entertainment and recreation Professional Medical, except hospital. Hospitals Welfare and religion... Education Other Forestries and fisheries Public administration 865 6,99,37 3,450 8,688 6,406 9,67 3,775 5,898 5,779 7,433,30 6,3 3,63,499,06 8,87 3,047 3,843,536 7,855, , ,8,775 3,7 8,548 6,0 7,646 3,485 4,6 5,3 4,66,40 3,4,896, ,790,684 3,837,504 7,78, , ,6 8, ,385 46,3 59 6, , ,6,64 3,3 8,50 5,90 7, 548 3,48 4,066 5,89 6,049,40 4,809, 65, ,404,,706 9,60,945 37, ,85 7, ,646 60,586 68S Males Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Business repair Personal Entertainment and recreation Professional Medical, except hospital.. Hospitals Welfare and religion Education Other Forestries and fisheries Public administration 764 5,836 5,304 0,080 5,3 4,844 0,63,8 7,80,449 0, ,546, , ,78, , ,7 7 5,07 9,895 5,3 4,59 9,45,573 6,880, 39 9, ,9 39, , ,709, , ,008 3, , , , ,57 4,98 9,80 5, 08 3,949 9,4,57 6,839,063 6, ,93, , , , , S,5S6, S Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities. Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Business repair Personal Entertainment and recreation Professional Medical, except hospital. Hospitals Welfare and religion Education Other Forestries and fisheries Public administration ,834 3,369 3,464,56 9, ,078 3,330 6,73,46 5,586,7, ,336,76, ,7,089 3, ,748 3,33 3,46,58 8, ,8 3,8 5,567,085 4,48 99,6 356,99,80, , , ,604 5, , ,934 35, ,74 3,3 3,40,340 8, ,6 3,7 9,963,065 8, ,0 35 6,473,66,40 456, C ,

179 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 7. Employed persons by industry, occupation, and sex (Percent distribution) employed Whitecollar workers Bluecollar workers Service workers Industry and sex Numbers (in thousands) Percent Professional and technical workers Managers and adminisstrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Craft and kindred workers peratives, except transport ansport luipment iperatives Nonfarm laborers tousehold Other vice workers Farm workers Agriculture Mining, Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration,97 865,99,37,450,688,406,67,775,898,779,433,30,3, Males Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration, ,836,304,080,3,844,63,8,80,449,70 55,546, ,3 3, ,5 9, , Females Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Private households Other service industries Public administration ,834 3,369 3,464,56 9, ,078 3,330 6,73,46 5,586,73, ,

180 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 8. Employed persons by industry, occupation, and race (Percent distribution) employed Whitecollar workers Bluecollar workers Service workers Industry and race Numbers (in thousands) Percent Professional and technical workers Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, Transport except equipment transport operatives Nonfarm laborers Private household workers Other service workers Farm workers WHITE Mining Construction Manufacturing. Durable goods Nondurable goods. Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services, Private households Other service industries.. Public administration..., ,785 9,60,986 7,66 5,590 8,046 3,484 4,56 5,44 3, ,74 4,95 00,0 00,0 00,0 00,0 00,0 3,0 9, ,5 8, 7 7 8, 0,7 9, , 8,0 0, 0 7.3, , 9, ,6 5,7,5 8 36,.3 36.,5 3,5 3, 9..3, BLACK AND OTHER Agriculture. Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate... Services Private households Other service industries Public administration ,535,464,07 85,67 9, , , ,0 00, II 79

181 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 9. Employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, age, and race (Percent distribution) Age, sex, and race Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable Nondurable goods goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade : inance, nsurance, and real estate Service dustries' Public administration TOTAL, 6 years and over (in thousands) Percent 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over , , , , , , , , , Males 6 years and over 6 to 9 years years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years. 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over White Males 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over Black and other Males 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 6 years and over 6 to 9 years 0 years and over. 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years years and over , Excludes private households. 80

182 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 30. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race (Numbers in thousands) Percent of total Percent of total employed Females Black and other employed Females Black and other, 6 years and over Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries Agricultural production Agricultural services, except horticultural Horticultural services Forestry Fisheries Mining Metal mining Coal mining Crude petroleum and natural gas extraction Nonmetallic mining and quarrying, except fuel Construction General building contractors General contractors, except building Special trade contractors Not specified construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products, except furniture Logging Sawmills, planing mills, and mill work Miscellaneous wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Glass and glass products Cement, concrete, gypsum, and plaster products Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral and stone products Primary metal industries, Blast furnaces, steelworks, rolling and finishing mills. Other primary iron and steel industries Primary aluminum industries Other primary nonferrous industries Fabricated metal products Cutlery, hand tools and other hardware Fabricated structural metal products Screw machine products Metal stamping Miscellaneous fabricated metal products. Machinery, except electrical Engines and turbines Farm machinery and equipment Construction and material handling machines Metalworking machinery Office and accounting machines Electronic computing equipment Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies Household appliances Radio, T.V., and communication equipment Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies, n.e.c Transportation equipment Motbr vehicles and motor vehicle equipment Aircraft and parts Ship and boat building and repairing Mobile dwellings and campers Professional and photographic equipment, and watches Scientific and controlling instruments Optical and health services supplies Photographic equipment and supplies Ordnance Miscellaneous manufacturing industries... Nondurable goods industries Food and kindred products Meat products Dairy products, Canning and preserving fruits, vegetables, and seafood Grainmill products Bakery products. Confectionery and related products Beverage industries Miscellaneous food preparation and kindred products 96,945 3,455, ,99,747,088 3,038 46,37 3, , , , ,097, ,59,98, ,688, , Nondurable goods industries Continued Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Knitting mills Yarn, thread, and fabric mills Miscellaneous textile mill products Apparel and other fabricated textile products Apparel and accessories Miscellaneous fabricated textile products Paper and allied products Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills Miscellaneous paper and pulp products Paperboard containers and boxes Printing, publishing, and allied industries Newspaper publishing and printing Printing, publishing, and allied industries, except newspapers Chemicals and allied products Industrial chemicals Plastics, synthetics and resins, except fibers Synthetic fibers Drugs and medicines Soaps and cosmetics Paints, varnishes, and related products Agricultural chemicals Miscellaneous chemicals Petroleum and coal products Petroleum refining Rubber and miscellaneous plastic products Rubber products Miscellaneous plastic products Leather and leather products Footwear, except rubber Leather products, except footwear Transportation, communications, and other public utilities Transportation Railroads and railway express service Street railways and bus lines Taxicab service Trucking service Warehousing and storage Water transportation Air transportation Services incidental to transportation Communications Radio broadcasting and television Telephone (wire and radio) Telegraph and miscellaneous communications services Utilities and sanitary services Electric light and power Electricgas utilities Gas and steam supply systems Water supply Sanitary services Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Motor vehicles and equipment Drugs, chemicals, and allied products Dry goods and apparel Food and related products Farm products raw materials Electrical goods Hardware, plumbing, and heating supplies Machinery equipment and supplies Metals and minerals, n.e.c Petroleum products Scrap and waste materials Alcoholic beverages Paper and its products Lumber and construction materials Wholesalers, n.e.c Retail trade Lumber and building material retailing Hardware and farm equipment stores Department and mail order establishments ,79, ,507 47,035, ,406 3, , ,37 80, 70, ,67 3, , , , , , , , , ,7 6,

183 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 30. Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, and race Continued (Numbers in thousands) Percent of total Industries Percent of total employed Black Females and other Wholesale and retail trade Continued Retail trade Continued Limited price variety stores Vending machine operators Direct selling establishments Miscellaneous general merchandise stores Grocery stores Dairy products stores Retail bakeries Food stores, n.e.c Motor vehicle dealers Tire, battery, and accessory dealers Gasoline service stations Miscellaneous vehicle dealers Apparel and accessory stores, except shoe stores... Shoe stores Furniture and home furnishings stores Household appliances, T.V., and radio stores Eating and drinking places Drug stores Liquor stores Farm and garden supply stores Jewelry stores Fuel and ice dealers Retail florists Miscellaneous retail stores Finance, insurance, and real estate Banking Credit agencies Security, commodity brokerage, and investment companies Insurance Real estate, including real estateinsurancelaw offices. Service industries Business and repair services Advertising Services to dwellings and other buildings Commercial research, development, and testing labs Employment and temporary help agencies Business management and consulting services Computer programming services Detective and protective services Business services, n.e.c , , ,779, ,839,573 7,75 3, Service industries Continued Business and repair services Continued Automobile services, except repair Automobile repair and related services Electrical repair shops Miscellaneous repair services Personal services Private households Hotels and motels Lodging places, except hotels and motels Laundering, cleaning, and other garment services... Beauty shops Barber shops Dressmaking shops Miscellaneous personal services Entertainment and recreation services Theaters and motion pictures Bowling alleys, billiard and pool parlors Miscellaneous entertainment and recreation services Professional and related services Offices of physicians Offices of dentists Hospitals Convalescent institutions Offices of health practitioners, n.e.c Health services, n.e.c Legal services Elementary and secondary schools Colleges and universities Libraries Educational services, n.e.c Museums, art galleries, and zoos Religious organizations Welfare services, Residential welfare facilities Nonprofit membership organizations Engineering and architectural services Accounting, auditing, and bookkeeping services.. Miscellaneous professional and related services... Public administration Postal service '. Federal public administration State public administration Local public administration ,800, , , ,843, ,368, , , , NOTE: N.E.C. is an abbreviation for "not elsewhere classified" and designates broad categories of industries which connnot be more specifically identified. 8

184 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVERAGES 3. Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, pay status, and sex (In Wspt snd sthhry woffctrs Paid absence*? S78, 6 years and over Vacation IHness Bad weather Industrial dispute All other reasons 5,493,94, ,658 3,43, ,338,904, ,54 3,00, ,654, ,77, , * 66, Males, 6 years and over.. Vacation Illness. All other reasons?,99, ,03, ,856, ,907, ,578, , Females, 6 years and over Vacation Illness All other reasons?,50, ,67, ,48, ,607, , , , , Excludes private household. Pay status not available separately for bad weather and industrial dispute; these categories are included in all reasons. Includes bad weather and industrial dispute, not shown separately. 3. Persons at work by type of industry and hours of work Hours of work Thousands of persons Percent distribution All industries Nonagri cultural industries All industries Nonagri. cultural industries Agriculture Agriculture 34 hours 4 hours.. 54 hours 59 hours 3034 hours, 6 years and over 35 hours and over 3539 hours 40 hours 4 hours and over... 4 to 48 hours 49 to 59 hours 60 hours and over Average hours, total at work Average hours, workers on fulltime schedules 9,87, ,056 0,904 7,4 68,369 6,409 37,98 4,76 9,67 8,439 6, ,33, ,846 0,465 7,0 5 66,095 6,74 36,700 3, 9,430 8,004 5, , , , S 8.C 75.C

185 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 33. Persons at work 34 hours by usual status and reason for working less than 35 hours [Numbers in thousands] Nonagricultural industries Reason for working less than 35 hours Usually work full time Usually work part time Usually work full time Usually work part time, 6 years and over # 98 8,83 4,734, 037 7,876 4,6 Economic reasons Slack work Material shortages or repairs to plant and equipment New job started during week Job terminated during week Could find only parttime work 3,478, ,450,49, , ,450 3,8, ,40, , ,40 Other reasons Does not want, or unavailable for, fulltime work. Vacation Illness Bad weather Industrial dispute Legal or religious holiday Full time for this job '. All other reasons 9,440 0,48,06, ,737,445,77 6,755,06, ,737,603,685 0,48 8 6, ,754 0,8,046, ,73, 395,07 6,549,046, ,73,545,05 0,8 65, Average hours: Economic reasons Other reasons, Worked 30 to 34 hours: Economic reasons Other reasons,06 6, ,0 435, , ,S3S 4,6 34. Nonagricultural workers by industry and full or parttime status [Numbers in thousands] Full or parttime si at On part time On riuntaf part time 40 hours 4 to hours hours, workers on fulltime, 6 years and over 88,33 3,8,05 7,647 49,56 9,430 3, Wage and salary workers 8,50,93,006 67,573 47,37 8,856, Construction 4, ,357 3, Manufacturing Durable floods Nondurable goods 0,499,444 8, ,33,97 7,36 3,454 8,30 5,54 3,00,909,,858,76,C Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate 5,75 6,85 5, , ,0,803 4,483 3,47 7,370 3, ,95 48,064, Service industries...., Private households All other industries Public administration,900, 80,70 4, , ,7 55 7, ,78 4,477,580 73,307 3,44,737 3, ,650 8, Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers 6, ,0 87 4,80 54, , Includes mining, not shown separately. 84

186 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVERAGES 35. Persons at work in nonagricultural industries by full or part time status, sex. age, race, and marital status [Numbers in thousands! Sex, ag», race, and marital status On part time for economic reasons On voluntary part time On fulltime schedules 40 hours or less 4 hours or more Average total at work Average hours, workers TOTAL Both sexes, 6 years and over... 6 to years 6to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 88,33,336 7,338,948 4,390 80,795,944 67,85 4 0,703 4,744,404 3, , ,989, ,05 4,5 3,363,078,85 8,84,639 7,04 3,60,44,69 7,647 7, 98 3, ,79 69,87 0,67 58,658 35,887,640, 33 49,56 5,56,639 5,6 46,885 7,744 39,38 3,53 4, ,, ,40,883 9,50,364 6, S Males, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 50,947 6,43 3,803,536,67 47,44 6,99 40,5 4,006 4,779,43, , ,69,940,59 3,0 57,099 63, ,8 4,049, ,55 43,904 5,993 37,9 3,056 4, ,8 78,866, ,096 6,48 3,939,54 3,30 8, ,933, ,43,054 5,370 9,736 5, S Females, 6 years and over 6 to years 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over 37,86 5,904 3,536,4,3 33,65 6,06 7,634 6,697 9, , ,56 365, ,53,7 5,770, ,743,05 5,77 3,67, ,835 3,49,453 47,0 5 5,38 4,636 0,747,833 7,59 387,646,660,4 09,033 0,404 3,8 07 6,599 0,05 6,0 95 5, , , 48,68, C RACE White, 6 years and over Males Females 78,84 45,739 3,444,7, 03,508,9 3,33 7,795 64,353 4,3 3,4 4,794 4,360 8,45,559 6,833 4, Black and other, 6 years and over.. Males Females 9,950 5,08 4, , ,94 4,60 3,694 6,73 0 3,30,56, MARITAL STATUS Males, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 35,0 3,907, ,44 9, ,46 3,565 8,8 9,530,87 6,6 3,896,378, Females, 6 years and over: Married, spouse present Widowed, divorced, or separated Single (never married) 0,586 7,007 9, ,966,00,545 4,79 5,650 6,457,004 4,398 5,46,75,5, 3 3fc

187 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUALAVEAGES 36. Persons at work in nonfarm occupations by full or parttime status and sex (Number in thousands) On fulltime schedules Occupation* group and tax at work On ptfil time for economic On voluntary 40 hours or less 4 to 48 hours 49 hours or more Average hours, total Average hours, workers on fun, 6 years and over Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 88,695 46,479 3,90 0,00 5,850 6,76 3,3 3, ,309 6,408,544 40,49 3,05 73,063 39,003,9 9,4 84 4, 86 3, 49,746 6, 4 8,05 4,56,493,005 9,484 4,68,4,35 556,98 3,833 8,6,646 3,570,37 90S Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 30,3, 30 0,3 3,36 4,397, , ,684,86 9, 6 0,944 3,9 8,099 7,30 6,703,60,47 4,096,80, ,489,46, Service workers Priv8t6 nousoholo workers. *... Other service workers,03,035, , ,83 7, ,04 5, , ,083 76, Malts, 6 years and over 5,35,476 3, ,9 8,034 6,700, Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers,60 8,053 7, 569 3,5 3, , ,548 7,57 7,36,84,86,55 4,53 3, 97,463,06, , ,58,08 3, Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers 4,609,440 6, 68 3,0 3, , , 68 0,75 5,680,8,95 4,440 6,907 3,83,50,0 3,53, ,97, Service workers Private household workers Other service workers 4, , ,43 3,40,335) 7, Females, 6 years and over 37,34,848 8,56 6,93,70,785, Afhitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers 4,39 5,848,44,599 3, ,08,097 45,074,666 8,453 4,600,57,344 0,35 4,857 3,59,363,030 8,94 3, , eo Bluecollar workers Craft, and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers, 5, , , , ,657 44, Service workers Private houtehoid workers Other service wortter* 7,50,00 6, , ,339 3, ,6 3,96 40,

188 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 37. Employment status of 45 yearolds by sex and race [Numbers in thousands] Employment status Black and other Females Civilian noninstitutional population 7,95 4,03 3,89 6,67 3,375 3,4, Civilian labor force Employed Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate,6,37 5, ,48,9 45 # Not in labor force Keeping house Going to school Unable to work All other reasons 6,30 4,977 0,04 3,38 4, ,64 98, ,36 9 4, ,564, ,57 79, , Employed 45 yearolds by sex, class of worker, and occupation Thousands of persons Percent distribution CLASS OF WORKER, Nonagricultural industries Wage and salary workers Private household workers Government workers Other wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Agriculture Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers,0, C OCCUPATION, Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm. Sales workers Clerical workers m Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers b # #. 6 m Service workers Private household workers... Other service workers Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors

189 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 39. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex Reasons for not seeking work Age in years and over TOTAL not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill disabled Keeping house Retired. Other 58,5 53,93 6,43 4,53 9,57 9,366 3,635 58,63 53,38 5,965 4,53 8,994 9,935 3,903 6,907 5,53 4, ,867 5,459 4, ,490 3,69,43 4, ,49 3,583,34 7, ,399 9, ,87 5,044 07,806,043 9, ,68 4,67 06,935 4,75 4,3,83,77 9, ,94. 4,749,96,88 9,78 65 Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Jobmarket factors Personal factors.... Other reasons^ 5,38,374 70, ,63 5,93,47 743, ,33, , , , Males not in labor force 6,634 6,93 3,093 3,4,309,75 3,05 3,53 9,7 9,379 Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill disabled Keeping house.. Retired Other 4,948 3,07, ,47,9 5,48,976, ,479,055,44, ,449, , , ,598 8, ,665 60, ,857, , ,04 6, , Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health disability Think cannot get job... Other reasons ', , Females not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school... Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons 4,887 38,43 3,07,08 9,46,9,74 3, , ,69 38,079,988,078 8,709,456,848 3, , ,84 3,089, ,743 3,008, ,8, , ,44, , ,94 7, , , ,890 6, , , ,598 5,74,049,987, ,95 5,64 4,040,994, Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." NOTE: Detail in tables 39, 40, and 4 may not add to notinlaborforce totals because of differences in weighting patterns used in aggregating these data. 88

190 40. Job desire of persons not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age, race, and sex [In thousands] HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES Age in years Reasons for not seeking work WHITE not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired Other Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons * 5,4 47,085 4,98 3,696 6,88 8,58 3,008 4,037, ,0 46,98 4,79 3,647 6,334 8,983 3,6 4,08, ,088 7,544 4,484,978 96, ,93 7,334 4,33 5,89,059, ,60 7,6 489,764 3,665 96,508, ,97 7,8 44,699 3,88 95,604, ,47,99 9,80,38 8, ,883,48 9,8,7 8, ,04 4,49,95 3,36,506,034 6,65,566, ,393, ,808,679, ,90 34,33,475,66 6,66,893,44, ,59 33,845,398,64 6,0,75,547, BLACK AND OTHER not in labor force Do not want a job now Current activity: Going to school Ill, disabled Keeping house Retired. Other 7,397 6,07,63 835, ,6 6,344,74 884, ,309,679, ,355,709, ,779, , ,845,3 5 47, ,308, ,4, ,430, ,5, ,967 4, , ,00 4, , Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities... Think cannot get job Other reasons l, , Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." 4. Persons not in labor force who desire work but think they cannot get jobs by age, race, sex, and detailed reason [In thousands] Detailed reason for not seeking work and over White Race Black and other TOTAL Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training... Other personal handicap Jobmarket factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available Males Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training... Other personal handicap Jobmarket factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available Females Personal factors: Employers think too young or old Lacks education or training... Other personal handicap Jobmarket factors: Could not find job Thinks no job available

191 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 4. Most recent work experience of persons not in labor force and reason for leaving last job for those who worked during previous months by age, race, and sex [Numbers in thousands] Most recent work experience and reason for leaving job Age in years Black and other, not in labor force Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Left job during previous months Percent distribution by reason School, home responsibilities Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job All other reasons Males, not in labor force Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Left job during previous months Percent distribution by reason School, home responsibilities Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job All other reasons Females, not in labor force Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Left job during previous months Percent distribution by reason School, home responsibilities Ill health, disability Retirement, old age Economic reasons End of seasonal job Slack work End of temporary job All other reasons.. 58,5 9,3 8,538 0,803 9, ,634,04 7,0 3,688 3, ,887 7,9,337 7,5 6, ,63 9,057 9,66 0,349 0, ,93,07 7,63 3,474 3, ,69 6,984,543 6,876 6, ,397 4,60 304,660 4, ,40, , ,995,88 53,7, ,86 4,48 7,595 4, ,399, , ,887,694 37,50, ,399,40,34 5,4 3, ,05,9, ,94,90 0,04 4,95, ,043,7,68 4,99 3, ,53 37, ,890,889 9,958 4,0 3, ,75,490 6,9 3,900, ,7 37 6,03, ,598,453 0,880, ,94,448 7,78 3,763, , ,379, ,95,399,348, * ,4 7,38 5,556 9,59 8, ,04,478 6,309 3,4 3, ,90 5,904 9,47 6,95 5, ,0 7,70 6,03 9,06 8, ,49,459 6,66 3,054 3, ,59 5,7 9,36 6,008 5, ,397,850,98,84, ' 6, ,967,87, ,6,887 3,44,88, , ,00,73, Workseeking intentions of persons not in labor force and work history of those who intend toseek work within next months by age, race, and sex [In thousands] Workseeking intentions and work history 64 Age in years 559 Black and other 97 9 Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next months. Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Worked during previous months Males Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next months.. Never worked Last worked over 5 years ago Last worked to 5 years ago Worked during previous months Females Do not intend to seek work Intend to seek work in the next months. Never worked,, Last worked over 5 years ago, Last worked to 5 years ago Worked during previous months 49,39 9,80,63,55,896 4,599 3,335 3, ,947 35,904 5,98 945,00,384,65 49,50 9,369,569,5,844 4,805 3,604 3, ,03 35,646 6, ,367,78 6,38 5,59, ,0,04, ,485 4,95, ,56 6,064 5,, ,,054, ,543 4,00, ,577 8,87 3,57 965,08,360, ,403, ,05 8,484 3, ,03,465, ,000, ,7 4, , , , , , ,67 7,505,7 945,467 3,9,547, ,647 3,070 4, ,065,75 43,47 7,538,7 903,437 4,08,79, ,739 3,753 4, ,057,34 5,6 l, , ,834, ,778, , ,894,

192 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 44. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands] Employment status Hispanic origin Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries... Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 58,94 00, ,373 3, 34 9,03 6,047 58,5 6,53 0, ,945 3,97 93,648 5,963 58,63 39,580 88, ,836 3,034 80,80 4,60 5,4 4,64 90, ,05,999 83,06 4,577 5,0 6, 640 0, 8, ,680,86 6,430 7,06 0, ,60 4 8,99,69 6,596 7,639 4,80 6 4,366 4, ,838 7,90 5,09 6 4,604 4, ,883 Males, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries.. Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 67,006 53, ,,36 48,85,5 3,54 68,93 54, ,64,350 49,93,3 4. 3,807 59,50 47, ,977,0 43,857,757,777 60,567 48, ,854, 44,733,78,984 6,397 4, , , ,54 6,563 4,98 7 4, , ,580 3,07,639 8,473 67, ,6,753 8,595 70, Females, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 75,489 37, , ,593,36 38,073 76,860 38, , ,07,3 37,949 66,46 3, , ,00,686 33,93 67,06 33, , ,330,669 33,66 8,0 4, , , ,575 8,4 4,56 5 4, , ,68 3,486, ,48 3, ,843 3,64,73 47,576 8, ,883 Both sexes, 69 years Civilian noninstitutional population 6,447 6,379 3,94 3,84,,,046,06 Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate... Not in labor force 9, , ,586,559 6,907 9, , ,68, ,867 8, , ,943,78 5,435 8, , ,963,8 5, , , Data relate to black workers only. According to the 970 Census, they comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group. 3 Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means that they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the 970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white. 9

193 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 45. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age (Numbers in thousands] Employment status Hispanic origin* Mexican origin Puerto Rican origin Cuban origin TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 7,639 4,80 6 4,366 4, ,838 7,90 5,09 6 4,604 4, ,883 4,47,94 6,665 97, ,547 4,7 3,9 66.,864 97, ,60, , Males, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population.... Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 3,07,639 8,473 67, ,6,753 8,595 70, ,90, ,559 48, ,000,76 88.,667 5, ^ Females, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force 3,486, ,48 3, ,843 3,64,73 47,576 8, ,883, , , , Both sexes, 69 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employment Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployment Unemployment rate Not in labor force, , () () 3 Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic origin, not shown separately. Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000. NOTE: See note, table 44. 9

194 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 46. Employed parsons by selected social and economic categories, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] White Black and other Selected categories Hispanic origin' CHARACTERISTICS 6 years and over Males Females 94,373 55,49 38,88 96,945 56,499 40,446 83,836 49,893 33,943 86,05 50,7 35,304 0,537 5,599 4,938 0,90 5,779 5,4 4,366,707,659 4,604,848,757 OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm... Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers.. Craft and kindred workers Operatives except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers... Farm workers 47,05 4,45 0,05 5,95 6,904 3,53,386 0,875 3,54 4,79,839,798 49,34 5,050 0,56 6,63 7,63 3,066,880 0,909 3,6 4,665,834,703 43,388 3,0 9,597 5,65 5,8 7,6,460 9,4 3,04 3,894 0,98,540 45,03 3,74 9,945 5,86 5,683 8,063,858 9,64 3,089 3,85 0,99,460 3,87, ,776 3,90 95, , ,40, ,93 4,003,0, ,535 43, , , , MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Selfemployed workers.. Unpaid family workers Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers.. Government Private industries Private households.. Other industries Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers,49, ,53 5,89 68,966,363 67,603 6,305 47,43, ,540 5,369 7,7,40 69,93 6,65 455,87, ,448,873 6, ,643 5, ,76, ,338,93 63, ,564 6, ,805,45 7, , ,03,437 7, , , , , ,5 60 3, , FULL AND PARTTIME STATUS Fulltime schedules Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons... 77,396 3,48 3,549 79,64 3,478 3,843 68,709,80,35 70,553,865,606 8,687 66!,3 9,07 6,37 3, , See footnote, table 44. Employed persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period are distributed proportionately among the full and parttime employed categories. 03

195 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 47. Employed persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by selected social and economic categories [In thousands] Hispanic origin Mexican origin Puerto Rican origin Cuban origin Selected categories CHARACTERISTICS 6 years and over Females. 4,366,707,659 4,604,848,757,665,70 955,864,84, OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm... Clerical workers... Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers, , , , , , MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers... Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers Nonagriculturel industries: Wage and salary workers Private households Other industries Selfemployed workers Unpaid family workers , , , ,5 60 3, , ,35 380,97 53, , ,64 5, FULL AND PARTTIME STATUS Fulltime schedules Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons 3, , , , IX 4 See footnote. table 45. See footnote, table

196 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANN UAL AVERAGES 48. Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by occupation (Numbers in thousands) Occupation employed Percent of total Hispanic Occupation employed Percent of total, 6 years and over Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Health workers Teachers, except college Other professional and technical 96,945 49,34 5,050,809 3,8 9, Bluecollar workers Continued All other Operatives, except transport Durable goods manufacturing... Nondurable goods manufacturing Other industries,484 0,909 5,03 3,376, Managers and administrators, except farm Salaried workers Selfemployed workers in retail trade Selfemployed workers, except retail trade. Sales workers Retail trade Other industries 0,56 8, ,63 3,5, Transport equipment operatives. Drivers, motor vehicles All other Nonfarm laborers.. Construction... Manufacturing., Other industries. 3,6 3, , ,068,79 8 5, Clerical workers Stenographers, typists, and secretaries Other clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers Carpenters Construction craft, except carpenters Mechanics and repairers Metal craft Bluecollar worker supervisors, not elsewhere classified 7,63 4,85,788 3,066,880,76,639 3,45,9,739 I , Service workers Private household workers Service workers, except private household Food service workers Protective service workers All other Farm workers Farmers and farm managers Farm laborers and supervisors.. Paid workers Unpaid family workers,834,088,746 4,300,406 6,040,703,446, See footnote, table 44. See footnote, table Employed black and Hispanic origin workers by industry (Numbers in thousands) Industry employed Percent of total Hispanic origin 3 Industry employed Percent of total Hispanic origin, 6 years and over Agriculture Mining Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, day, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical equipment Electrical equipment Transportation equipment Automobiles Other transportation equipment... Instruments and related products... Other durable goods industries Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products... Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Rubber and plastics products 96,945 3, ,99,37 3, ,6,495,747,93,98,38, ,688,789 83,79 76,507, Nondurable goods Continued Other nondurable goods industries Transportation and public utilities Railroads and railway express Other transportation Communications and other public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Private household Other service industries Business repair services Personal services Entertainment and recreation services Professional services Medical, except hospital Hospitals Welfare and religion Education Other Forestry and fisheries Public administration 66 6, ,0,699 9,67 3,775 5,898 5,779 7,433,30 6,3 3,63,499,06 8,87 3,047 3,843,536 7,855, , * ,6 4. See footnote, table 44. See footnote, table

197 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 50. Employed persons by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] Sex and age White Hispanic origin, 6 years and over.. 94,373 96,945 83,836 86,05 8,95 9,60 4,366 4,605 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 7,98 3,69 4,7 3,498 7,894 58,759 4,36 7,984 3,7 4,73 3,89 75,070 60,7 4,349 7,3 3,033 4,79,977 64,547 5,774,774 7,95 3,0 4,74,87 66,444 53,468, ,95 7,07 5,870, ,353 7,44 6,054, ,88, ,353,98 37 Males, 6 years and over.. 55,49 56,499 49,893 50,7 4,77 4,836,707,848 6 to 9years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 4,79,767,5 7,330 43,883 35,49 8,734 4,36,76,475 7,534 44,730 35,93 8,807 3,96,637,79 6,560 39,47 3,47 7,945 3,866,64,4 6,69 40,63 3,9 8, ,757 3, ,80 3, ,00, ,0,86 ^ 49 Females, 6 years and over 38,88 40,446 33,943 35,304 4,07 4,34,659,757 6 to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over 3,70,50,00 6,68 9,0 3,609 5,40 3,748,50,38 6,358 30,340 4,798 5,54 3,396,396,000 5,48 5,30 0,30 4,88 3,48,396,03 5,595 6,8,339 4, ,37, ,45, ,87, ,44,0 4 See footnote, table See footnote, table Rates of unemployment by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin Hispanic origin Sex and age, 6 years and over to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over Males, 6 years and over to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 years 55 years and over Females, 6 years and over to 9 years 6 to 7 years 8 to 9 years 0 to 4 years 5 years and over 5 to 54 ye?.rs 55 years and over See footnote, table See footnote. table

198 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 5. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment race, and Hispanic origin [In thousands] Black and other Hispanic origin Weeks of unemployment Duration, 6 years and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over 6,047,973,875, ,963,869,89, ,60,, ,577,63, , , Average (mean) duration, in weeks. Median duration, in weeks Percent distribution unemployed Less than 5 weeks 5 to 4 weeks 5 weeks and over 5 to 6 weeks 7 weeks and over See footnote, table Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment race and Hispanic origin [Numbers in thousands] White Black and other Hispanic origin! Reason for unemployment NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED, 6 years and over, Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 6,047,54 698,87 85, ,963, ,79 854, ,60,97 593,379,938, ,577, ,99 75,34 555, , PERCENT DISTRIBUTION unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers, Reentrants New entrants UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants. 4. See footnote, table

199 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 54. Job desire of black and Hispanic origin workers not in labor force and reasons for not seeking work by age and sex (In thousands) Age in years Sex Reasons for not seeking work and over Males Females BLACK not in labor force... 6,596,06,403,3,88 4,408 5,45,460,99,06,839 3,6 Current activity: Going to school III. disabled Keeping house Retired Other , , , Want a job now.., Reason not looking: III health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons a HISPANIC ORIGIN 3 not in labor force,88 849, ,77 Do not want a job now, , ,9 Current activity: Going to school...' Ill, disabled Retired Other 37 06, , Want a job now Reason not looking: School attendance Ill health, disability Home responsibilities Think cannot get job Other reasons See footnote, table 44. Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home responsibilities." 3 See footnote, table

200 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 55. Employment status of male VietnamEra veterans and nonveterans by age (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor fores Veteran status and age Civilian noninititutional population Unemployed of labor force VETERANS, 0 years and over 0 to 4 years 8, , , , 508 7, , to 39 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 years and over 6,86,357 3,376,9 78 7,7,966 3,60, ,595,33 3,68, ,877,868 3,494, ,38,00 3,67, ,6,760 3,379,47 70 b NONVETERANS. 5 to 39 years 5 to 9 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 3,695 6,096 4,000 3,599 4,578 6,657 4,86 3,735 3,040 5,77 3,8 3,447 3,863 6,305 3,99 3,566,54 5,49 3,688 3,345 3,35 6,07 3,85 3, S Vietnamera veterans are those who served between August 5,964 and May 7,975. Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited, to those 539 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnamera veteran population. 56. Employment status of male VietnamEra veterans and nonveterans 5 to 39 years by age, race, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Employment status Black and other Hltpank origin 3 Black and other Hispanic origin, 5 to 39 years: Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed. Unemployment rate 6,08 5,985 5, ,46 6,09 5, ,863,378 0, ,67,57, ,83,66, ,906,706, , to 9 years Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate,,005,900 05,73,647, ,34 5,08 4,870 5,839 5,58 5, to 34 years Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 3,080,990, ,78 3,9 3, ,447 3,39 3, 97 3,60 3,465 3, , to 3» years Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate, ,406,37, (3) ,09,977, ,3 3,0 3, See footnote, table 56. See footnote, table 44. ' Percent not shown where bate is less than

201 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 57. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolhan areas by sex, age, and race (Numbtrl in thquuodl) Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Employment status Central cities Suburbs Farm Nonfarm Civili<ir noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed.... Unemployment rate Not in labor force 07,39 68, ,59 4, ,653 09,969 7,9 6 67,09 4,63 38,777 45,33 8,08 6 6,09, ,5 46,04 8, ,759, , 6,068 40, ,499,3,437 63,955 4, ,69,0,566 5,550 3,68 9,844,837 9,869 5,563 3,76 9,96,800 9,847 4,87 3,03 6,95 79,795 4,594,96 6,859 68,668 46,73 8, ,89, ,073 46,969 8, ,057,73 8,79 Males, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 45,58 36, ,880,579 8,699 46,304 8,660 37,47 4, ,848 3,658, ,886 4,76 8,963 4, , ,87 6,499,975 8, ,53 7,34,640 8, ,700,848 7, , ,84,990 7, , ,9,80,807 8, ,099,74 8, ,668 5, , ,470 9,89 5, , ,563 Females, 0 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 5,9 5, ,360,537 c n 5,3 5,60 7, ,79,544,67, , ,74 0,999,637, , ,969 8,953 4, , ,33 9,97 5, , ,305 4,69, ,80 699,75 4,50, , ,676, ,84, ,087,05 0, ,97 668,567,30 0, , ,589 Both sexes, 69 years Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force,04 6, ,89, ,63,056 6, ,388,05 4,67 4,397,356 5, ,039 4,43,358 5, ,055 6,67 4, ,48 597,59 6,64 4,08 3,499 58,56 5,433 3,58 58.,69 466,75 5,33 3,073 57, , ,850, ,37 444,036 4,777,750 57, ,06 White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 9,78 59, ,464 3,0 33,6 94,587 6, ,43 3,066 33,097 34,856,73 6 0,49,4 3,4 35,00,8 6,003,5,98 57,96 37, ,973,86 0,09 59,387 39, ,4,85 0,5 46,798 8, ,37,58 7,908 47,07 9,3 6 7,60,5 7,94 4,509,859 6,796 63,650 4,340,79 6,734 57,549 4,89 6,03 6 4,576,455 6,58 4,687 6,3 6 4,868,454 6,365 Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Percent of population Unemployed. Unemployment rate Not in labor force ,609 9,7 6 8,065,08. 5,437 5,383 9, ,606,097 5,680 0,467 6, , ,09 0,84 6, , ,30 4,4,796 67, ,346 4,568 3,8 68.3, ,450 4,75,79 58,47 39,96 4,535,603 57,34 89., ,434,60 59.,36 30,86 4,8,468 57,90 79,83 00

202 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 58. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race (Number in thousands) United States Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Employment status Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Civilian noninstitutional population... Civilian labor force Percent of population... Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate... Not in labor force 8,976 6,85 5 4,873,4 8,69 8,80 6,95 5 4,877,38 8.,606 9,965 84, ,500 4,635 45,83 3,73 86,73 6 8,068 4,645 46,08,55 6, , ,095 0,948 5, , ,984 96,36 6, ,6 3, ,557 99,0 65,9 6 6,745 3,483 33,793 7,8 0,5 57 9, ,596 7,853 0,3 57 f3 9, ,6 33,79, ,84,7,73 33,709, ,33,6,5 White Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force... Percent of population... Employed Unemployed... Unemployment rate... Not in labor force 0,445, , ,75 0,389, , ,694 9,35 76,76 6 7,873 3,888 4,373,4 78, ,06 3,88 4,38 5,795 3,0 5, ,586 5,543 3,076 5, ,466 86,987 56, ,534,84 30,63 89,044 58, ,594,88 30,63 4,650 8, , ,66 4,847 8, , ,8 3,48 0, ,340,066,74 3,8 0,94 6 9,43,06,687 Black and other Civilian noninstitutional population.. Civilian labor force Percent of population... Employed.. Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 8,53 4,59 5 3, ,940 8,4 4, , ,9 0,830 7, , ,458,507 7, , ,700 5,360,850 5, ,50 5,405,887 5,455 43,58 9,49 6,3 68 5, ,97 9,978 6, , ,6 3,7,74 5,58 3,430 3,007,6 5,43 89,394,58, , Unemployment rates for selected labor force groups in poverty and nonpoverty areas by sex, age, and race United States Metropolitan areas Nonmetropolitan areas Sex, age, and race Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Poverty areas Nonpoverty areas Both sexes, 6 years and over... Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over... Both sexes, 69 years White Both sexes, 6 years and over... Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over... Both sexes, 69 years 6, Black and other Both sexes, 6 years and over... Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over... Both sexes, 69 years

203 HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 60 Unemployed persons by family relationship and presence of employed family members (Numbers in thousands) 976 Percent of unemployed: Percent of unemployed: Family relationship With no employed parson in family With at least With at least one person in one employed family employed full person in family time With no employed person in family With at least one employed person in family With at least one person in family employed full time TOTAL Unemployed total 6, , Unemployed in families' Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families 5,99,8,03, ,,3,7, Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed not in families White Unemployed total 4, , Unemployed in families Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families 3, ,003, , , Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed not in families Black 4 Unemployed total., , Unemployed in families Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families, , Women who head families Relatives of female heads Unemployed not in families In primary families only. Includes a small number of single, separated, widowed, or divorced men who head families. 3 Includes unrelated individuals and persons in secondary families. 4 According to the 970 Census, black workers comprised about 89 percent of the "black and other" population group. 0

204 6. Employed persons by family relationship and presence of additional employed family members HOUSEHOLD DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES (Numbers in thousands) Percent of employed: Percent of employed: Family relationship With no other With another employed person in family employed person in family With another person in family employed full time With no other With another employed person in family son in employed per family With another person in family employed full time TOTAL Employed total 94, ,5 5 96, ,5 5 Employed in families Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families 8,307 39,344,598, ,987 39,83,453, Women who head families Relatives of female heads Employed not in families 4,405 3,355 3, ,58 3,450 3, White Employed total.. 83, , Employed in families Husbands Wives.... Relatives in husbandwife families Women who head families.... Relatives of female heads Employed not in families'' 7,50 35,86 9,373,434 3,60,58, ,86 36,7 0,,447 3,374,647, Black 4 Employed total 8, , Employed in families' Husbands Wives Relatives in husbandwife families Women who head families Relatives of female heads Employed not in families 7,464,898,840 93,078 75,46 3 S ,650,93,89 96,3 74, See footnote, table 60. See footnote, table 60. See footnote 3, table 60. See footnote 4, table

205 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry and major manufacturing group [In thousands] Change from Industry P P TOTAL 79,38 8,43 86,446 89,497 4,03 3,05 GOODSPRODUCING 3,35 4,346 5,597 6,579,5 98 MINING CONSTRUCTION... 3,576 3,85 4,7 4, MANUFACTURING. 8,997 9,68 0,476 0, DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries, ,50,06,77, , , 8,58, 7,878.0, , ,,67,39,999, , ,5,77,464., 09,048, NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products" SERVICEPRODUCING. TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE.. WHOLESALE TRADE 7,90, ,38. 67,099, ,030 4,58 7,755 4,546 3,09 8,086, ,3 69, 4, ,077 4,73 8,56 4,708 3,808 8,30, ,33 700, 93., ,849 4,97 9,499 4,957 4,54 8,85, , ,4, ,9$ 5, 54 0, 40 5, 73 4, , Z , &b RETAIL TRADE 4,7 4,467 4,77 4, FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE. 4,55 5,303 6,0 7, SERVICES.. 4,87 5,079 5,476 5, GOVERNMENT.. FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL,733, 38, 77,35,753,73,773, p=preliminary. 04

206 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group [In thousands] Change from Industry P P TOTAL PRATE 5,897 55, 79 58, 09 60,370, 930,6 MINING CONSTRUCTION...,84 3,0 3, 388 3, MANUFACTURING.. 3,638 4, 35 4,74 5, DURABLE GOODS Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products... Machinery except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries 7, , 39.0,339 ~, 59, , , 98,4. 0,3, , ,70. 7,5,3., , ,305. 9,68,378, NONDURABLE GOODS Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products..... Leather and leather products 5,74, , ,88, , ,98, , ,959, , TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES 3,98 4, 008 4, 47 4, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. 5,649 6,36 7,8 7, WHOLESALE TRADE.. RETAIL TRADE 3, 746,904 3,878,438 4,085 3,096 4,50 3, FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE 3,43 3,397 3,596 3, SERVICES.. 3,043 3,683 4,445 5, For coverage of series, see footnote, table B (page 88). p=preliminary. 05

207 ESTABLISHMENT DATA ANNUAL AVERAGES 3. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division and major manufacturing group Average weekly hours \verage hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry P P P TOTAL PRATE $6 $5 $9 $6. 6 $75 $89.00 $00 $9 MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING , Overtime hours 3. DURABLE GOODS Overtime hours Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products... Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing industries , , , 98 6., 8 7, , 3 8., 5 6., 7 5., ' NONDURABLE GOODS Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill Droducts Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products , ' ^ TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES , WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE , s 66 WHOLESALE TRADE RETAIL TRADE ,, Z FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ,, SERVICES , For coverage of series, see footnote, table B (page 88). (^preliminary unweighted averages. 06

208 Explanatory Notes These explanatory notes provide information on the concepts, methodology, and scope of Household Data (A tables), Establishment Data (B, C, and D tables), and State and Area Unemployment Data (E table) published in Employment and Earnings. Introduction The statistics in this periodical are compiled from two major sources: Household interviews, and () reports from employers. Data based on household interviews are obtained from a sample survey of the population 6 years of age and over. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, the employed and the unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, family relationship, marital status, occupation, and industry attachment. The survey also provides data on the characteristics and past work experience of those not in the labor force. The information is collected by trained interviewers from a sample of about 56,000 households, representing 64 areas in,3 counties and independent cities, with coverage in 50 States and the District of Columbia. The data collected are based on the activity or status reported for the calendar week including the th of the month. Data based on establishment records are compiled each month from mail questionnaires by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies. The establishment survey is designed to provide industry information on nonagricultural wage and salary employment, average weekly hours, average hourly and weekly earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation, States, and metropolitan areas. The employment, hours, and earnings series are based on payroll reports from a sample of establishments employing over 30 million nonagricultural wage and salary workers. The data relate to all workers, full or parttime, who received pay during the payroll period which includes the th of the month. Based on a somewhat smaller sample, labor turnover data relate to actions occurring during the entire month. RELATION BETWEEN THE HOUSEHOLD AND ESTABLISHMENT SERIES The household and establishment data supplement one another, each providing significant types of information that the other cannot suitably supply. Population characteristics, for example, are readily obtained only from the household survey whereas detailed industrial classifications can be reliably derived only from establishment reports. Data from these two sources differ from each other because of differences in definition and coverage, sources of information, methods of collection, and estimating procedures. Sampling variability and response errors are additional reasons for discrepancies. The major factors which have a differential effect on levels and trends of the two series are as follows. Employment Coverage. The household survey definition of employment comprises wage and salary workers (including domestics and other private household workers), selfemployed persons, and unpaid workers who worked 5 hours or more during the survey week in familyoperated enterprises. Employment in both agricultural and nonagricultural industries is included. The payroll survey covers only wage and salary employees on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. Multiple jobholding. The household approach provides information on the work status of the population without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed or not in the labor force. Employed "persons holding more than one job are counted only once and are classified according to the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. In the figures based on establishment records, persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls. Unpaid absences from jobs. The household survey includes among the employed all persons who had jobs but were not at work during the survey week that is, were not working but had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement dispute, or because they were taking time off for various other reasons, even if they were not paid by their employers for the time off. In the figures based on payroll reports, persons on leave paid for by the company are included, but not those on leave without pay for the entire payroll period. For a comprehensive discussion of the differences between household and establishment survey employment data, see Gloria P. Green's article "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," Monthly Labor Review, December 969. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Hours of work The household survey measures hours actually worked whereas the payroll survey measures hours paid for by employers. In the household survey data, all persons with a job but not at work are excluded from the hours distributions and the computations of average hours. In the payroll survey, employees on paid vacation, paid holiday, or paid sick leave are included and assigned the number of hours for which they were paid during the reporting period. 07

209 COMPARABILITY OF THE HOUSEHOLD DATA WITH OTHER SERIES Unemployment insurance data. The unemployed total from the household survey includes all persons who did not have a job at all during the survey week and were looking for work or were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, regardless of whether or not they were eligible for unemployment insurance. Figures on unemployment insurance claims, prepared by the Employment and Training Administration of the Department of Labor, exclude persons who have exhausted their benefit rights, new workers who have not earned rights to unemployment insurance, and persons losing jobs not covered by unemployment insurance systems (agriculture, domestic service, selfemployment, unpaid family work, and religious organizations). Beginning in January, coverage was extended to include domestic workers whose employers paid $,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 0 or more workers in 0 weeks or paid a total of $0,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government employees. In addition, the qualifications for drawing unemployment compensation differ from the definition of unemployment used in the household survey. For example, persons with a job but not at work and persons working only a few hours during the week are sometimes eligible for unemployment compensation but are classified as employed rather than unemployed in the household survey. For an examination of the similarities and differences between State insured unemployment and total unemployment, see "Measuring and State Insured Unemployment" by Gloria P. Green in the June 97 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Reprints of this article may be obtained upon request. Agricultural employment estimates of the Department of Agriculture. The principal differences in coverage are the inclusion of persons under 6 in the Statistical Research Service (SRS) series and the. treatment of dual jobholders who are counted more than once if they work on more than one farm during the reporting period. There are also wide differences in sampling techniques and collecting and estimating methods, which cannot be readily measured in terms of impact on differences in level and trend of the two series. COMPARABILITY OF THE PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT DATA WITH OTHER SERIES Statistics on manufactures and business, Bureau of the Census. BLS establishment statistics on employment differ from employment counts derived by the Bureau of the Census from its censuses or annual sample surveys of manufacturing establishments and the censuses of business establishments. The major reasons for some noncomparability are different treatment of business units considered parts of an establishment, such as central administrative offices and auxililiary units, the industrial classification of establishments, and different reporting patterns by multiunit companies. There are also differences in the scope of the industries covered, e.g., the Census of Business excludes professional services, public utilities, and financial establishments, whereas these are included in BLS statistics. County Business Patterns. Data in County Business Patterns (CBP), published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce, differ from BLS establishment statistics in the treatment of central administrative offices and auxiliary units. Differences may also arise because of industrial classification and reporting practices. In addition, CBP excludes interstate railroads and government, and coverage is incomplete for some of the nonprofit activities. Employment covered by State unemployment insurance programs. Most nonagricultural wage and salary workers are covered by the unemployment insurance programs. Beginning in January 97, coverage was expanded to include employees of small firms and selected nonprofit activities who had not been covered previously. However, certain activities, such as interstate railroads, parochial schools, and churches are not covered by unemployment insurance whereas these are included in BLS establishment statistics. Beginning in January, coverage was extended to include domestic workers whose employers paid $,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, agricultural employees whose employers engaged 0 or more workers in 0 weeks or paid a total of $0,000 or more in wages in any calendar quarter, and almost all State and local government employees. Household data (A tables) COLLECTION AND COVERAGE Statistics on the employment status of the population, the personal, occupational, and other characteristics of the employed, the unemployed and persons not in the labor force, and related data are compiled for the BLS by the Bureau of the Census in its Current Population Survey (CPS). A detailed description of this survey appears in Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. This report is available from BLS upon request. These monthly surveys of the population are conducted with a scientifically selected sample designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each member of the household 6 years of age and over. Separate statistics are also collected and published for 4 and 5 year olds. The inquiry relates to activity or status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, which includes the th of the month. This is known as the survey week. Actual field interviewing is conducted in the following week. 08 Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed Forces, and persons under 4 years of age are not covered in the regular monthly enumerations and are excluded from the population and labor force statistics shown in this report. Data on members of the Armed Forces, who are included as part of the categories "total noninstitutional population" and "total labor force," areobtained from the Department of Defense. Each month, 56,000 occupied units are eligible for interview. About,500 of these households are visited but interviews are not obtained because the occupants are not found at home after repeated calls or are unavailable for other reasons. This represents a noninterview rate for the. survey of about 4 percent. In addition to the 56,000 occupied units, there are 9,500 sample units in an average month which are visited but found to be vacant or otherwise not to be enumerated. Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation p!an provides for threefourths of the sample to be common from month to the next and onehalf to be common with the same month a year earlier. Beginning in September 975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000

210 households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50 States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the national 47,000 household sample in January. CONCEPTS Employed persons comprise (a) all those who during the survey week did any work at all as paid employees, in their own business, profession, or farm, or who worked 5 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labormanagement dispute, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by their employers for the time off, and whether or not they were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once. Those who held more than one job are counted in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries, temporarily in the United States, who are not living on the premises of an Embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around the house (such as own home housework, and painting or repairing own home) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and similar organizations. Unemployed persons comprise all persons who did not work during the survey week, who made specific efforts to find a job within the past 4 weeks, and who were available for work during the survey week (except for temporary illness). Also included as unemployed are those who did not work at all, were available for work, and were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off; or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current survey week) during which persons classified as unemployed had been continuously looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks since the termination of their most recent employment. A period of weeks or more during which a person was employed or ceased looking for work is considered to break the continuity of the present period of seeking work. Measurements of mean and median duration are computed from a distribution of single weeks of unemployment. Unemployed persons by reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups. Job losers are persons whose employment ended involuntarily who immediately began looking for work and persons on layoff. () Job leavers are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previously worked at a fulltime job lasting weeks or longer but were out of the labor force prior to beginning to look for work, (4) New entrants are persons who never worked at a fulltime job lasting weeks or longer. Jobseekers are all unemployed persons who made specific efforts to find a job, sometime during the 4week period preceding the survey week. Jobseekers do not include persons unemployed because they (a) were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off or (b) were waiting to report to a new wage or salary job within 30 days. Jobseekers are grouped by the methods used to seek work, including going to public or private employment agency or to an employer directly, seeking assistance from friends or relatives, placing or answering ads, or utilizing some "other" method. Examples of the "other" category include being'on a union or professional register, obtaining assistance from a community organization, or waiting at a designated pickup point. The civilian labor force comprises the total of all civilians classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. The "total labor force" also includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the United States or abroad. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. This measure can also be computed for groups within the labor force classified by sex, age, marital status, race,etc. The jobloser, jobleaver, reentrant, and new entrant rates are each calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force; the sum of the rates for the four groups thus equals the total unemployment rate. Participation rates represent the proportion of the noninstitutional population that is in the labor force. Two types of participation rates are published. The total labor force participation rate, which is the ratio of the total labor force and the total non institutional population; and the civilian labor force participation rate, which is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the civilian noninstitutional population. Participation rates are usually published for sexage groups, often crossclassified by other demographic characteristics such as race and educational attainment. Employmentpopulation ratios represent the proportion of the total noninstitutional population that is employed. This measure can also be computed as a ratio of employment and the civilian noninstitutional population. Not in labor force includes all civilians 6 years and over who are not classified as employed or unemployed. These persons are further classified as "engaged in own home housework," "in school," "unable to work" because of longterm physical or mental illness, and "other." The "other" group includes for the most part retired persons, those reported as too old to work, the voluntarily idle, and seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in an "off" season and who were not reported as unemployed. Persons doing only incidental unpaid family work (less than 5 hours) are also classified as not in the labor force. For persons not in the labor force, data on previous work experience, intentions to seek work again, desire for a job at the time of interview, and reasons for not looking for work are compiled on a quarterly basis. As of January 970, the detailed questions for persons not in the labor force are asked only in those households that are in the fourth and eighth months of the sample, i.e., the "outgoing" groups, those which had been in the sample for 3 previous months and would not be in for. the subsequent month. Between 967 and 969, the detailed notinlabor force questions were asked of persons in the first and fifth months in the sample, i.e., the "incoming" groups. Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed apply to the job held in the survey week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the survey week. The unemployed are classified according to their last fulltime civilian job lasting weeks or more. The occupation and industry groups used in data derived from the CPS household interveiws are defined as in the 970 Census of Population. Information on the detailed categories included in these groups is available upon request. The classofworker breakdown specifies "wage and salary workers," subdivided into private and government workers, "selfemployed workers," and "unpaid family workers." Wage and salary workers receive wages, salary, commission, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Selfemployed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, or trade, or operate a farm. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 5 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by blood or marriage. Hours of work statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the survey week. For example, a person who normally works 40 hours a week but who was off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 3 hours even though he was paid for the holiday. 09

211 For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week. However, all the hours are credited to the major job. The distribution of employment by hours worked relate to persons "at work" during the survey week. At work data differ from data on total employment because the latter include persons in zerohour worked category, "with a job but not at work." Included in this latter group are persons who were on vacation, ill, involved in a labor dispute, or otherwise absent from their jobs for voluntary, noneconomic reasons. Persons who worked 35 hours or more in the survey week are designated as working "full time," persons who worked between and 34 hours are designated as working "part time." Parttime workers are classified by their usual status at their present job (either full time or part time) and by their reason for working part time during the survey week (economic or other reasons). "Economic reasons" include: Slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant or equipment, start or termination of job during the week, and inability to find fulltime work. "Other reasons" include: Labor dispute, bad weather, own illness, vacation, demands of home, housework, school, no desire for fulltime work, and fulltime worker only during peak season. Persons on fulltime schedules include, in addition to those working 35 hours or more, those who worked from 34 hours for noneconomic reasons and usually work full time. Full and parttime labor force. The fulltime labor force consists of persons working on fulltime schedules, persons involuntarily working part time (part time for economic reasons), and unemployed persons seeking fulltime jobs. The parttime labor force consists of persons working part time voluntarily and unemployed persons seeking parttime work. Persons with a job but not at work during the survey week are classified according to whether they usually work full or part time. Labor force time lost is a measure of aggregate hours lost to the economy through unemployment and involuntary parttime employment and is expressed as a percent of potentially available aggregate hours. It is computed by assuming: That unemployed persons looking for fulltime work lost an average of 37 hours, () that those looking for parttime work lost the average number of hours actually worked by voluntary parttime workers during the survey week, and (3) that persons on part time for economic reasons lost the difference between 37 hours and the actual number of hours they worked. Race. White and black and other are terms used to describe the race of workers. The black and other category, which until recently had been identified as "Negro and other races" an"d prior to 969 as "nonwhite," includes all persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process to be other than white. At the time of the 970 Census of Population, 89 percent of the black and other population group were black; the remainder were American Indians, Alaskan Natives, Asian and Pacific Islanders, and all other "nonwhite" groups. The term "black" is used in this volume when the relevant data are provided exclusively for the black population. Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central or South American or other Hispanic origin or descent. According to the 970 Census, approximately 96 percent of their population is white. Major activity: going to school and major activity: other are terms used to describe whether the activity of young persons during the reference week are primarily one of going to school or not. Statistics on major activity are published every month in table A7 for 6 yearolds by employment status, race, and sex, and, if unemployed, whether seeking full or parttime work. Vietnamera veterans are those who served in the Armed Forces of the United States between August 5, 964, and May 7, 975. Tables for veterans in this volume are limited to males in the civilian noninstitutional population; i.e., veterans in institutions and females are excluded. Nonveterans are males who never served in the Armed Forces. Poverty areas classification consists of all Census geographical divisions in which' 0 percent or more of the residents were poor according to the 970 Decennial Census. Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by using income thresholds adopted by a Federal interagency committee in 969. These thresholds vary by family size, composition, and residence (farmnonfarm). While poverty areas have a substantial concentration of lowincome residents, many poor persons live outside these areas and, conversely, the areas include many people who are not poor. The metropolitan areas classification consists of the total of all areas encompassed by Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's). The metropolitan area total is based on the number of SMSA's as defined in the 970 Decennial Census and does not include any subsequent additions or changes. Nonmetropolitan areas refer to the total of all areas outside SMSA's. The nonmetropolitan total is disaggregated into farm and nonfarm components. HISTORIC COMPARABILITY Raised lower age limit Beginning with data for 967, the lower age limit for official statistics on persons in the labor force was raised from 4 to 6 years. At the same time, several definitions were sharpened to clear up ambiguities. The principal definitional changes were: Counting as unemployed only persons who were currently available for work and who had engaged in some specific jobseeking activity within the past 4 weeks, an exception to the latter condition is made for persons waiting to start a new job in 30 days or waiting to be recalled from layoff; in the past, the current availability test was not applied and the time period for jobseeking was ambiguous; () counting as employed persons who were absent from their jobs in the survey week because of strikes, bad weather, etc. and were also looking for other jobs; previously, these persons had been classified as unemployed; (3) sharpening the questions on hours of work, duration of unemployment, and selfemployment in order to increase their reliability. These changes did not affect the unemployment rate by more than onefifth of a percentage point in either direction, although the distribution of unemployment by sex was affected. The number of employed was reduced about million because of the exclusion of 4 and 5yearolds. For persons 6 years and over, the only employment series appreciably affected were those relating to hours of work and class of worker. A detailed discussion of the changes and their effect on the various series is contained in "New Definitions for Employment and Unemployment" by Robert L. Stein in the February 967 issue of Employment and Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force. Reprints may be obtained upon request. Noncomparability of labor force levels Before the changes introduced in 967, the labor force data were not comparable for three earlier periods: Beginning 953, as a result of the introduction of data from the 950 census into the estimation procedure, population levels were raised by about 600,000; labor force, total employment, and agricultural employment by about 350,000, primarily affecting the figures for totals and males; other categories were relatively unaffected; () beginning 960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in an increase of about 500,000 in the population and about 300,000 in the labor force, fourfifths of this in nonagricultural employment; other labor force categories were not appreciably affected; (3) beginning 96, the introduction of figures from the 960 census reduced the population by about 50,000, labor force and employment by about 00,000; unemployment totals were virtually unchanged. 0

212 In addition, beginning 97, information from the 970 census was introduced into the estimation procedures, producing an increase in the civilian noninstitutional population of about 800,000; labor force and employment totals were raised by a little more than 300,000, and unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. A subsequent population adjustment based on the 970 census was introduced in March 973. This adjustment affected the white and black and other groups but had little effect on totals. The adjustment resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the white population and an increase of the same magnitude in the black and other population. Civilian labor force and total employment figures were affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by 50,000, and the black and other labor force rose by about 0,000. Unemployment levels and rates were not significantly affected. Beginning in January 974, the methodology used to prepare independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population was modified to an "inflationdeflation" approach. This change in the derivation of the population estimates had its greatest impact on estimates of 04 yearold males particularly those of the black and other population but had little effect on 6 and over totals. Additional information on the adjustment procedure appears in "CPS Population Controls Derived from InflationDeflation Method of Estimation" in the February 974 issue of Employment and Earnings. Effective July 975, as a result of the immigration of Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total and blackandother independent population controls for persons 6 years and over were adjusted upward by 76,00030,000 males and 46,000 females. The addition of the refugees increased the blackandother population by less than percent in any agesex group, and all of the changes were in the "other" population. Beginning in, the introduction of an expansion of the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures resulted in an increase of roughly a quarter of a million in the overall civilian labor force and employment totals; unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an indication, of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January " in the February issue of Employment and Earnings. Beginning in October, the race of the individual was determined by the household respondent for the incoming rotation group households, rather than determined by the interviewer at before. The purpose of this change is to provide more accurate estimates of characteristics by race. Thus, in October, oneeighth of the sample households has race determined by the household respondent and seveneighths of the sample households has race determined by interviewer observation. The corresponding numbers are /8 and 6/8 in November, 3/8 and 5/8 in December, 4/8 and 4/8 from January through September, 5/8 and 3/8 in October, and so on, until the entire sample has race determined by the household respondent in January 980. Although the impact of this change is presently unknown, it is possible that it will cause a break in the time series given for some racial statistics. Beginning in, the first stage ratio estimation method was changed in the CPS estimation procedure. The new procedure Is described in the Estimating Methods section. The reasoning behind the change and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions i in the Current Population Survey in January " in the February issue of Employment and Earnings. Differences between the old and new procedures exist only for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan estimates, not for the total U.S. Changes in occupational classification system Beginning with 97, the comparability of occupational employment data was affected as a result of changes in census occupational classifications introduced into the Current Population Survey (CPS). These changes stemmed from an exhaustive review of the classification system to be used for the 970 Census of Population. This review, the most comprehensive since the 940 census, was to reduce the size of large groups, to be more specific about general and "not elsewhere classified" groups, and to provide information on emerging significant occupations. Differences in March 970 employment levels tabulated on both the 960 and 970 classification systems ranged from a drop of 650,000 in operatives to an increase of 570,000 in service workers, much.of which resulted from a shift between these two groups; the nonfarm laborers group increased by 40,000, and changes in other groups amounted to 0,000 or less. An additional major group was created by splitting the operatives category into two: operatives, except transport, and transport equipment operatives. Separate data for these two groups first became available in January 97. At the same time, several changes in titles, as well as in order of presentatrbn, were introduced; for example, the title of the managers, officials, and proprietors group was changed to "managers and administrators, except farm," since only proprietors performing managerial duties are included in the category. Apart from the effects of revisions in the occupation classification system beginning in 97, comparability of occupational employment data was further affected in December 97, when a question eliciting information on major activities or duties was added to the monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine more precisely the occupational classification of individuals. This change resulted in several dramatic occupational shifts, particularly from managers and administrators to other groups. Thus, meaningful comparisons of occupational levels cannot always be made for 97 and subsequent years with earlier periods. However, revisions in the occupational classification system as well as in the CPS questionnaire are believed to have had but a negligible impact on unemployment rates. Additional information on changes in the occupational classification system of the CPS appears in "Revisions in Occupational Classifications for 97" and "Revisions in the Current Population Survey" in the February 97 and February 97 issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings. Changes in sample design Since the inception of the survey, there have been various changes in the design of the CPS.sample. Most of these changes were made in order to improve the efficiency of the sample design and/or to increase the reliability of the sample estimates. One major change made after every decennial census is to change the sample design to make use of the recently collected census materials. Also, occasionally the sample is expanded in terms of number of sample areas and number of sample persons. In 953, a rotation plan was introduced in which a sample unit would be interviewed for 4 months, leave the sample for eight months, and then return to the sample for another 4 months. When Alaska and Hawaii achieved statehood, three more sample areas were added to the sample to account for the population in these States. After the 960 census, selection of a major portion of the sample from census address lists was begun, though a portion of the sample is still collected using area sampling. Following the 970 census, the ultimate sampling unit was changed from a noncontiguous cluster of six housing units to a usually contiguous cluster of four housing units. A recent change was introduced in January, when a supplemental sample of housing units, selected in 4 States and the District of Columbia and designed to provide more reliable annual

213 Time period Number of sample areas Households eligible Interviewed Not interviewed Households visited not eligible Aug. 947 to Jan. 954 Feb. 954 to Apr. 956, May 956 to 959 Jan. 960 to Feb. 963 Mar. 963 to 966 Jan. 967 to July 97 Aug. 97 to July 97 Aug. 97 to 977 Jan. to present ,000,000 33,500 33,500 33,500 48,000 45,000 45,000 53, , ,000,500,500,500,000,000,000,500 3,0003,500 3,0003,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 9,500 Beginning in May 956, these areas were chosen to provide coverage in each State and the District of Columbia. These are households which were visited, but were found to be vacant or otherwise not eligible for interview. 3 Three sample areas were added in 960 to represent Alaska and Hawaii after statehood. average estimates for States, was incorporated with the existing design. A coverage improvement sample was included In computing the estimates beginning in October in order to provide coverage of mobile homes and new construction housing units that previously had no chance for selection in the CPS sample. This sample is composed of approximately 450 sample household units which represent 37,000 occupied mobile homes and 600,000 new construction housing units. These new construction units are composed of those units where building permits were issued prior to January 970 and construction was not completed by the time of the 970 Census (i.e., April 970). The extent of other sources of housing undercoverage is unknown but believed to be small. The inclusion of this coverage improvement sample in the CPS does not have a significant effect on the estimates. The following table provides a description of some aspects of the CPS sample design in use during the referenced data collection periods. For a more detailed account of the history of the CPS sample design, see The Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Technical Paper No. 40, or Concepts and Methods used in Labor Force Statistics Derived from the Current Population Survey, BLS Report 463. ESTIMATING METHODS Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire panel of respondents. There are no subsequent adjustments to independent benchmark data on labor force, employment, or unemployment. Therefore, revisions of the historical data are not an inherent feature of this statistical program. The CPS estimation procedure involves weighting the data from each sample person. The basic weight, which is the inverse of the probability of the person being in the sample, is a rough measure of the number of actual persons that the sample person represents. In States supplemented in the expansion, almost all sample persons within the same sample area have the same basic weight, but the weight may differ across sample areas. The basic weight is the same for almost all sample persons in unsupplemented States. The basic weights are then adjusted for noninterview, and the ratio estimation procedure is applied.. Noninterview adjustments The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of the respondent for other reasons. This adjustment is made separately by combinations of sample areas within each State and the District of Columbia, and within these, for six groups two race categories (white, and black and other) within three residence categories. For sample areas which are Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's), these residence categories are the central cities, and the urban and the rural balance of the SMSA's. For other sample areas, the residence categories are urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm. The proportion of sample households not interviewed varies from 3 to 5 percent depending on weather, vacations, etc.. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the population as a whole, in such characteristics as age, race, sex, and residence. Since these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the latter estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio estimates as follows: a. Firststage ratio estimate. In the CPS, a portion of the 64 sample areas are chosen to represent other areas not in the sample; the remainder of the sample areas represent only themselves. The firststage ratio estimation procedure was designed to reduce the portion of the variance resulting from requiring sample areas to represent nonsample areas., Therefore, this procedure is not applied to sample areas which represent only themselves. The procedure is performed at two geographic levels: First, by the four census regions (Northeast, North Central, South and West), and secondly, for each of the 46 States which contains nonsample areas. The procedure corrects for the differences that existed at the time of the 970 census between the distribution by race and residence of the population in the sample areas and the known raceresidence distribution in the portions of the census region or State represented by these areas. The regional adjustment is performed by

214 metropolitannonmetropolitan residence and race,while the State adjustment is done by urbanrural status and race. and components to the nearest thousand. Differences, however, are insignificant. b. Secondstage ratio estimate. In this stage, the sample proportion m the categories described below are adjusted to the distribution of independent.current estimates of the population in the same categories. The secondstage ratio estimate is done in order to increase the reliability of the estimates and is done in three steps. In the first step, the sample estimates are adjusted within each State and the District of Columbia to an independent control for the population 6 years and over for the State. The second step involves "nonwhite" persons only, and is an adjustment to independent estimates of 40agesexrace categories across the whole Nation. (The race categories used are black and other minority.races.) The third adjustment is applied to all sample persons and is a weighting to nationwide independent population estimates within 68 agesexface groups. The entire secondstage ratio estimation procedure is iterated six times, each time beginning at the weights developed the previous time. This iteration ensures that the sample estimates both of State population and of national agesexrace categories, will be virtually equal to the independent population estimates. The independent controls by State for the civilian noninstitutional population 6 years and over are an arithmetic extrapolation of the trend in the growth of this segment of the population from the April,970 census through the latest available July estimate, adjusted as a last step to a current estimate of the U.S. population of this group. State estimates by age for July are published annually in Current Population Reports, Series P5. For a description of the methodology used in developing the State total, see Report 640 of that series. Descriptions of the age estimates methodology are available on request from the Chief of the Population Division, U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C, 033. Prior to January 974, the independent national controls used for the agesexrace groups in both the second and third steps of the secondstage ratio estimation procedure were prepared by carrying forward the most recent census data (970) after taking account of subsequent aging of the population, births, deaths, and migration between the United States and other countries. Beginning in 974, the "inflationdeflation" method of deriving independent population controls was introduced into the CPS estimation procedures. These independent controls are prepared by inflating the most recent census counts to include the estimated net census undercount by age, sex, and race, aging this population forward to each subsequent month and later age by adding births and net migration, and subtracting deaths. These postcensal population estimates are then "deflated" to census level to reflect the pattern of net undercount in the most recent census by age, sex, and race. The actual percent change over time in the population in any age group is preserved. 3. Composite estimate procedure. In deriving statistics for a given month, a composite estimating procedure is used which takes account of net changes from the previous month for continuing parts of the sample (75 percent) as well as the sample results for the current month. Almost all estimates of monthtomonth change are improved by this procedure, and most estimates of levels are also improved, but to a lesser extent. Rounding of estimates The sums of individual items may not always equal the totals shown in the same tables because of independent rounding of totals Reliability of the estimates There are two types of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample survey sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors provided primarily indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration but do not measure any systematic biases in the data. Nonsampling errors. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown, but special studies have been conducted to qualify some sources of nonsampling error in the CPS as discussed below. The effect of nonsampling error should be smailon estimates of relative change, such as monthtomonth change. Estimates of monthly levels would be more severely affected by the nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors in surveys can be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain information about all cases in the sample, definitional difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, inability to recall information, errors made in collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values for missing data, and failure to represent all sample households and all persons within sample households (under cove rage). Nonsampling errors occurring in the* interview phase of the survey have been studied by means of a reinterview program. This program is used to estimate various sources of error as well as to evaluate and control the work of the interviewers. A random sample of each interviewer's work is inspected through reinterview at regular intervals. The results indicate, among other things, that the data published from the CPS are subject to moderate systematic biases. A description of the CPS reinterview program and some of the other results may be found in the Current Population Survey Reeinterview Program, January 96 through December 966, Technical Paper No. 9. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. The effects of some components of nonsampling error in the CPS data can be examined as a result of the rotation plan used for the sample, since the level of the estimates vary by rotation group, A description of these effects appears in the article "The Effects of Rotation Group Bias on Estimates from Panel Surveys," by Barbara A. Bailer, Journal of the American Statistical Association, Volume 70, No. 349, March 975. Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing units and missed persons within sample households. Overall undercoverage, as compared to the level of the decennial census, is about 5 percent. It is known that the CPS undercoverage varies with age, sex, and race. Generally, undercoverage is larger for males than for females and larger for black and other races than for whites. Ratio estimation to independent agesexrace population controls, as described previously, partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage. However, biases exist in the estimates to the extent that missed persons in missed households or missed persons in interviewed households have different characteristics than interviewed persons in the same agesexrace group. Further, the independent population controls used have not been adjusted for undercoverage in the 970 census, which was estimated at percent of the population, with differentials by age, sex, and race similar to those observed in the CPS. 3

215 Additional information on nonsampling error in the CPS appear in An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey, by Camilla Brooks and Barbara Bailar, Statistical Policy Working Paper 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards; in the paper 'The Current Population Survey: An Overview/' by Marvin Thompson and Gary Shapiro, Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Vol., No., April 973; and in The Current Population Survey, Design and Methodology, Technical Paper No. 40, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. This last document includes a comprehensive and uptodate discussion of various sources of errors, and describes attempts to measure them in the CPS. Samp/ing error. The standard error it primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its estimated standard error enables one to construct confidence intervals, ranges that would include the average of all possible samples with a known probability. For example, if all possible samples were selected, each of these surveyed under essentially the same general conditions and using the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated error were calculated from each sample, then:. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from the one standard error or below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the average result of all possible sample.. Approximately 90 percent of the Intervals from standard errors below the estimate to standard errors above the estimate would include the average of all possible samples. error for estimated changes from one month to the next is more closely related to the monthly level for the characteristic^ than to the size of the specific monthtomonth change itself. Thus, in order to use the generalized standard errors for monthtomonth change as given in the tables of standard errors, it Is necessary to obtain the monthly estimate for the characteristic. It should be noted that the tables of standard errors for monthtomonth change apply only to estimates of change between two consecutive months. Estimates of change for nonconsecutive months are subject to higher standard errors. Table I contains factors for use with tables C, E, G and H to compute approximate standard errors, as described below, for levels, labor force participation rates and percentages as pertaining to yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages, and changes in yearly averages. Note, that standard errors for changes in quarterly and yearly estimates apply only to consecutive quarters and years. For years prior to 967, the standard errors must be adjusted due to the differences in the sample size. For years prior to 956, the standard errors should be multiplied by 0 and for the period they should be multiplied by. Table A. Standard errors of major employment status categories (In thousands) Employment status, sex, age, and race Standard error of Monthtomonth change (consecutive months only) 3. Approximately 96 percent of the intervals from standard errors below the estimate to standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. In order to derive standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost, a number of approximations were required. First, the standard errors in this report reflect the sample design and estimation procedure in effect prior to the expansion for annual average State estimates. Thus, these standard errors mav slightly overstate the standard errors applicable to the present design. Secondly, instead of computing an individual standard error for each estimate, generalized sets of standard errors were computed for various types of characteristics. This generalization yields more stable estimates of the standard errors. Consequently, the sets of standard errors provided give an indication of the order of magnitude of the standard error of an estimate rather than the precise standard error. Tables A and B show approximate standard errors for major employment status characteristics for both monthly estimates and for changes for consecutive months. These standard errors are applicable to the level of the estimates in recent months. Tables C through G provide generalized standard errors for monthly level and monthtomonth change for estimated totals, unemployment rates, and percentages. Table H contains factors for use with table G for computing standard errors, as described below, for monthly level and monthtomonth change for percentages. Standard errors for Intermediate values not shown in the tables may be approximated by linear interpolation. The standard, 6 years and over: Civilian labor force.., Employed Unemployed Males, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force, Employed Unemployed Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Both sexes, 69 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Black and other, 6 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Males, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Females, 0 years and over: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Both sexes, 69 years: Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed

216 Standard errors for estimated totals. Tables C and D provide generalized standard errors for monthly totals and for monthtomonth change. The figures given in these tables are to be used for the characteristics as indicated. Illustration. Assume that the tables showed that the number of persons working a specific number of hours was,000,000. an increase of 400,000 over the previous month. Linear interpolation in the second column of table C shows that the standard error on an estimate of,000,000 is about 50,000. The 68 percent confidence interval as shown by these data is from,850,000 to,50,000. Therefore, a conclusion that the average estimate derived from all possible samples lies within a range computed In this way would be correct for roughly 58 percent of all possible samples. Recall that the standard error of a monthtomonth change is primarily dependent on the size of the monthly estimate. Thus, using linear interpolation in column one of table D the standard error on a monthtomonth change of 400,000 when the monthly level is approximately,000,000 is about,000. Standard errors for rates and percentages. The reliability of an estimated unemployment rate or an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for both numerator and denominator, depends on both the size of the rate or percentage and the total upon which the rate or percentage is based. Estimated rates and percentages are relatively more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the numerator of the rates or percentages; this is particularly true for percentages of 50 percent or more. As a general rule, percentages are not published when the monthly base is less than 75,000 or the annual average base is less than 35,000. Tables E and F shows generalized standard errors for monthly level and monthtomonth change for unemployment rates. Generalized standard errors for estimated monthly percentages and estimated monthtomonth change in percentages can be obtained through the use of the standard errors in table G and the factors in table H. First obtain the standard error from table G for the specific percentage and base. The generalized standard error Js then calculated by multiplying the standard error from table G by the appropriate factor from table H. When the numerator and denominator of the percentage are in different categories, use the factor indicated by the numerator of the percentage. Illustration. For example, assume that the tables show that percent of a total of 90,77,000 employed persons are employed in agriculture. First the standard error on an estimate of percent with a base of 90,77,000 is obtained from table G (0.09 percent). The appropriate factor from table H for the numerator of the percentage, agriculture employment, is 6. The generalized standard error on the estimated percent is then approximately 0.09 x 6 = 0. percent. Standard errors for yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages and changes in yearly averages. The approximate standard errors of levels, rates and percentage involving yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, changes in quarterly averages, yearly averages and changes in yearly averages may be obtained by using table in conjunction with the other tables. Standard errors for estimates of change are more closely related to the level of the estimate than to the size of the specific change. Thus to obtain the standard error of an estimate of an average level, rate or percentage, or an estimate of a change in level, rate or percentage it is first necessary to find the appropriate estimate of level. For an estimate of an average level, rate or percentage, find the standard error of this estimate. For an estimate of change in level, rate or percentage, find the standaru error of the average of the two estimates affecting the change. Then, after computing the standard error by treating these estimates as monthly estimates and using the procedures above, multiply this result by a suitable factor from table I to obtain the approximate standard error for the average or change. Illustration. Nor an example, suppose that one is interested in the yeartoyear change of a monthly unemployment rate. Let us assume that the tables show that for a certain month the unemployment rate is 6 percent based on a total of 95,676,000 in the civilian labor force, and that a year prior to this the unemployment rate was 6. percent based on a total of 94,54,000 In the civilian labor force for the month. First, (the standard error on the average of the two estimates, percent with a base of 94,965,000, is obtained from table E (0. percent). The appropriate factor then from table I is 0. The approximate standard error on the change of 0 percent is then given by 0.x0* 0 percent. 5

217 Table B. Standard errors of unemployment rates for major characteristics Selected categories Standard error of Monthly level Consecutive month change Selected categories Standard error of Monthly level Consecutive month change (all civilian workers) Males, 0 years and over Females, 0 years and over Both sexes, 69 years White workers Black (and other) workers Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present... Fulltime workers Parttime workers Unemployed 5 weeks and over... OCCUPATION Whitecollar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Bluecollar workers Craft and kindred workers OCCUPATION Continued Blue collar workers Continued Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives... Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Construction Manufacturing '. Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities.. Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers Table C. Standard errors for estimates of monthly level (In thousands) Characteristics Estimated monthly level Agricultural employment or white Labor force data other than unemployment and agricultural employment data Black and other or white, 69 years Black and other, x 69 years or white males only, or females only Black and other males only, or females only Unemployment or white Black and other ,000,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 0,000 5,000 0,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 00,000 0, When determining the standard error of an estimate for a group which is a subset of the age, sex, race groups listed, use the standard error for the next larger group, e.g., when determining the 6 standard error on the estimated number of employed persons age 0 to 54 years use the column for total employed.

218 Table D. Standard errors for estimates of monthtomonth change (In thousands) Type of characteristic* Labor force data other than unemployment and agriculture employment data Estimated monthly level or white Black and other, or white, 69 years Black and other, 69 years or white Unemployment Both sexes 69 years, or parttime labor force Black and other Black and other, 69 years ,000.., , , , ,000. 5,000. 0, , ,000 50,000 60, ,000 80,000 00,000 0, l See footnote, table C. Parttime labor force for unemployment also includes persons reentering the labor force, persons who left their last job, and persons by duration of unemployment. Table E. Standard errors of unemployment rates Monthly base of unemployment rate (In thousands) Monthly unemployment rate ,000.., , , ,000. 0, , ,

219 Table F. Standard errors of monthtomonth change in unemployment rates Monthly base of unemployment rate (In thousands) Monthly unemployment rate ,000..., , , ,000. 0, , , ,6 Table G. Standard errors of estimated percentages and monthtomonth change in percentages for labor force date Percentage of monthly level Monthly base of percentages (In thousands) or 99 or 96 5 or 95 0 or 90 5 or 85 0 or 80 5 or or or ,000.., , , ,000. 0, , , , ,000 60, NOTE: The standard errors in this table must be multiplied by the factors in table H to obtain the approximate standard error for a specific type of characteristic. Table H. Factors to be used with Table G to compute approximate standard errors for percentages and monthtomonth changes in percentages Factor Factor Type of characteristic Monthly level Monthtomonth change Type of characteristic Monthly level Monthtomonth change Agricultural employment: or fulltime labor force... Parttime labor force Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and unemployment data: Males only Both sexes, 69 years Parttime labor force Unemployment: Parttime labor force, duration of unemployment, left last job, reentering labor force All other unemployment characteristics: or white: Both sexes, 69 years Black and other: Both sexes, 69 years

220 Table I. Factors to be used with Tables C, E r G, H to compute the approximate standard errors of level, rates and percentages for yeartoyear change of monthly estimates, quarterly averages, change in quarterly averages, yearly averages and change in yearly averages Factors Type of characteristic Yeartoyear change of monthly estimate Quarterly averages Change in quarterly averages Yearly averages Change in yearly averages Agricultural employment: or male Female or teenagers (69 Part time Labor force data other than agricultural employment data and unemployment data: or white Black and other or teenagers (69 years) Part time Unemployment: Part time 0 0 6,

221 Establishment data (B, C, and D tables) COLLECTION Payroll reports provide current information on wage and salary employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover in nonagricultural establishments, by industry and geographic location. FederalState cooperation Under cooperative arrangements with State agencies, the respondent fills out a single employment or labor turnover reporting form, which is then used for national, State, and area estimates. This eliminates duplicate reporting on the part of respondents, and together with the use of identical techniques at the national and State levels, insures maximum comparability of estimates. State agencies mail the forms to the establishments and examine the returns for consistency, accuracy, and completeness. The States use the information to prepare State and area series and then send the establishment data to the BLS (Washington Office) for use in preparing the national series. Shuttle schedules Two types of data collection schedules are used: Form BLS 790 Report on Employment, Payroll, and Hours; and Form 9 Monthly Report on Labor Turnover. The collection agency returns the schedule to the respondent each month so that the next month's data can be entered on the space allotted for that month. This "shuttle" procedure assures maximum comparability and accuracy of reporting, since the respondent can see the figures that have been reported for previous months. Form BLS 790 provides for entry of data on the number of fulland parttime workers on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments and, for most industries, payroll and hours of production and related workers or nonsupervisory workers for the pay period which includes the th of the month. Form DL 9 provides for the collection of information on the total number of accessions and separations, by type, during the calendar month. CONCEPTS Industrial classification Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 and Form DL 9 are classified into industries on the basis of their principal product or activity deterrrrined from information on annual sales volume. This information is collected each year on a supplement to the monthly 790 or 9 report. For an establishment making more than one product or engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal product or activity. All data on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover for the Nation and for most States and areas are classified in accordance with the 97 Standard Industrial Classification Manual (SICM), Office of Management and Budget. Industry employment Employment data, except those for the Federal Government, refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the th of the month. For Federal Government establishments, employment figures represent the number of persons who occupied positions on the last day of the calendar month. Intermittent workers are counted if they performed any service during the month. The data exclude proprietors, the selfemployed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers in households. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees, military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence and National Security Agencies are also excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (when pay is received directly from the firm), on paid holiday or paid vacation, or whowork during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike during the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are laid off, on leave without pay, or on strike for the entire period or who are hired but have not been paid during the period. Industry hours and earnings Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and mining, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the remaining private nonagricultural components. For Federal Government, hours and earnings relate to all employees, both supervisory and nonsupervisory. Terms are defined below. When the pay period reported is longer than week, figures are reduced to a weekly basis. Production and related workers include working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspection, receiving, storage, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plants own use (e.g., power plant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers include the following employees in the construction division: Working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, laborers, etc., whether working at the site of construction or in shops or yards, at jobs (such as precutting and preassembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory employees include employees (not above the working supervisory level) such as office and clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll covers the payroll for full and parttime production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period which includes the th of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, e.g., for oldage and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds or union dues; also included is pay for overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period), other pay not earned in the pay period reported (e.g., retroactive pay), tips, and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. "Fringe benefits" (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, etc. paid by the employer) are also excluded. Hours cover the hours paid for, during the pay period which 0

222 includes the th of the month, for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours cover hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straighttime workday or the workweek during the pay period which includes the th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Gross average hourly and weekly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a "gross" basis. They reflect not only changes In basic hourly and incentive wage rates but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and lateshift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively highpaid and lowpaid work and changes in workers' earnings in individual establishments. Averages for groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period of time; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series does not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer since the following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payments of various welfare benefits, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under the production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in gross average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in such factors as proportion of parttime workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate. Longterm trends of gross average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work force. For example, persistent longterm increases in the proportion of parttime workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series. Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, parttime work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Average overtime hours. The overtime hours represent that portion of the gross average weekly hours which exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his holiday pay plus straighttime pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, gross weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from monthtomonth; for example, overtime premiums may be paid for hours in excess of the straighttime workday although less than a full week is worked. Diverse trends at the industrygroup level also may be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry where little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. In addition, such factors as stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on gross hours. Railroads hours and earnings. The figures for class I railroads (excluding switching and terminal companies) are based on monthly data summarized in the M300 report of the Interstate Commerce Commission and relate to all employees except executives, officials, and staff assistants (ICC group I) who received pay during the month. Gross average hourly earnings are computed by dividing total compensation by total hours paid for. Average weekly hours are obtained by dividing the total number of hours paid for, reduced to a weekly basis, by the number of employees, as defined above. Gross average weekly earnings are derived by multiplying average weekly hours by average hourly earnings. Spendable average weekly earnings. Spendable average weekly earnings in current dollars are obtained by deducting estimated Federal social security and income taxes from average weekly earnings. The amount of income tax liability depends on the number of dependents supported by the worker, the worker's marital status, and level of gross income. To reflect these variables, the Bureau calculates two sets of spendable earnings series based on the assumptions that the worker earned the gross average weekly earnings and was taxed at the rates applicable to either a worker with no dependents, or () a married worker with three dependents who files a joint return. The computations are based on gross average weekly earnings for all production or nonsupervisory workers in the industry division excluding other income and income earned by other family members. The series reflects the spendable earnings of only those workers, with no dependents or three dependents, whose gross weekly pay approximates the average earnings indicated for all production and nonsupervisory workers. It does not reflect, for example, the average earnings of all married workers with three dependents; such workers, in fact have higher gross average earnings than workers with no dependents. Since parttime as well as fulltime workers are included, and since the proportion of parttime workers has been rising, the series understates the increase in earnings for fulltime workers. As noted, "fringe benefits" are not included in the earnings. For a more complete discussion of the uses and limitations of these series, see the article by Paul M. Schwab, "Two Measures of Purchasing Power Contrasted," in the Monthly Labor Review for April 97. Reprints of this article are available upon request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. "Real" earnings or earnings in constant dollars, are computed by dividing the earnings averages for the current month by the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPIW), and then multiplying by 00. "Real" earnings for months prior to January are deflated by the unrevised CPIW, whereas those for January forward are deflated by the revised CPIW. This is done for gross average weekly earnings and for spendable average weekly earnings. The level of earnings is thus adjusted for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar since the base period (967). Average hourly earnings excluding overtime. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime premium pay are computed by dividing the total productionworker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total productionworker hours and onehalf of total overtime hours. Prior to January 956, these data were based on the application of adjustment factors to gross average hourly earnings (as described in the Monthly Labor Review, May 950, pp ). Both methods eliminate only the earnings due to overtime paid for

223 at / times the straighttime rates. No adjustment is made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday work, lateshift work, and overtime rates other than time and onehalf. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours. The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls and hours are prepared by dividing the current month's aggregate by the monthly average for the 967 period. The hour aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and productionworker or nonsupervisoryworker employment, and the payroll aggregates are the product of hour aggregates and average hourly earnings. At all higher levels of aggregation, hour and payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. Indexes of diffusion of changes in number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls. These indexes measure the percent of industries which posted increases in employment over the specified time span. The indexes are calculated from 7 unpublished seasonally adjusted employment series (twodigit nonmanufacturing industries and threedigit manufacturing industries) covering all nonagricultural payroll employment in the private sector. A more detailed discussion of these indexes appears in "Introduction of Diffusion Indexes," in the December 974 issue of Employment and Earnings. Labor turnover Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and salary workers into and out of employed status with respect to individual establishments. This movement, which relates to a calendar month, is divided into two broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires) and separations (terminations of employment initiated by either employer or employee). Each type of action is cumulated for a calendar month and expressed as a rate per 00 employees. The date relate to all employees, whether full or parttime, permanent or temporary, including executive, office, sales, other salaried personnel, and production workers. Transfers to another establishment of the company are included, beginning with January 959. Accessions are the total number of permanent and temporary additions to the employment roll, including both new and rehired employees. New hires are temporary or permanent additions to the employment roll of persons who have never before been employed in the establishment (except employees transferring from another establishment of the same company) or of former employees not recalled by the employer. Recalls are permanent or temporary additions to the employment roll of persons specifically Vecalled to a job in the same establishment of the company following a period of layoff lasting more than 7 consecutive days. (The collection of recalls, as a separate item, began January 976.) Other accessions are all additions to the employment roll which are not classified as new hires or recalls. These include transfers from other establishments of the company and former employees returning from military leave or other absences without pay who have been counted as separations. Data on other accessions are not published separately but are included in total accessions. Separations are terminations of employment during the calendar month and are classified according to cause: Quits, layoffs, and other separations are defined as follows: Quits are terminations of employment initiated by employees, failure to report after being hired (if counted as new hires previously), and unauthorized absences, if on the last day of the month the person has been absent more than 7 consecutive calendar days. Layoffs are suspensions without pay lasting or expected to last more than 7 consecutive calendar days, initiated by the employer without prejudice to the worker. Other separations, which are not published separately but are included in total separations, are terminations of employment because of discharge, permanent disability, death, retirement, transfers to another establishment of the company, and entrance into the Armed Forces for a period expected to last more than 30 consecutive calendar days. Relationship of labor turnover to employment series Monthtomonth changes in total employment in manufacturing industries reflected by labor turnover rates are not comparable with the changes shown in the Bureau's employment series for the following reasons: Accessions and separations are computed for the entire calendar month; the employment reports refer to the pay period which includes the th of the month; and () employees on strike are not counted as turnover actions although such employees are excluded from the employment estimates if the work stoppage extends through the report period. ESTIMATING METHODS The principal features of the procedure used to estimate employment for the industry statistics are the use of the "link relative" technique, which is a form of ratio estimation, () periodic adjustment of employment levels to new benchmarks, and (3) the use of size and regional stratification. The "link relative" technique From a sample composed of establishments reporting for both the previous and current months, the ratio of current month employment to that of the previous month is computed. This is called a "link relative." The estimates of employment (all employees, including production and nonproduction workers together) for the current month are obtained by multiplying the estimates for the previous month by these "link relatives." In addition, small bias correction factors are applied to selected employment estimates each month. The size of the bias correction factors is determined from past experience. Other features of the general procedures are described in table J. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover. Size and regional stratification A number of industries are stratified by size of establishment and/or by region, and tha stratified production or nonsupervisory workerdata are used to weight the hours and earnings into broader industry groupings. Accordingly, the basic estimating cell for an employment, hours, or earnings series, as the term is used in the summary of computational methods, may be a whole industry or a size stratum, a region stratum, or a size stratum of a region within an industry. Bench mark adj ust ments Employment estimates are compared periodically with comprehensive counts of employment which 'provide'"benchmarks"

224 Table J. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover Item Basic estimating cell (industry, region, size, or region/size cell) Aggregate industry levels (divisions, groups and, where stratified, individual cells) Monthly data All employees... Allemployees estimate for previous month multiplied by ratio of all employees in current month to all employees in previous month, for sample establishments which reported for both months. Sum of allemployee estimates for component cells. Production or nonsupervisory workers, women employees, Gross average weekly hours Average weekly overtime hours Gross average hourly earnings Gross average weekly earnings Labor turnover rates Allemployee estimate for current month multiplied by ratio of production or nonsupervisory workers to all employees in sample establishments for current month, () estimated ratio of women to all employees. Production or nonsupervisoryworker hours divided by number of production or nonsupervisory workers. 'roductionworker overtime hours divided by number of production workers. production or nonsupervisoryworker payroll divided by total productionor nonsupervisoryworker hours. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. The number of particular actions (e.g., quits) in reporting establishments divided by total employment in those firms. The result is multiplied by 00. Sum of production or nonsupervisoryworker estimates, or estimates of women employees, for component cells. Average, weighted by production or nonsupervisoryworker employment, of the average weekly hours for component cells. Average, weighted by productionworker employment, of the average weekly overtime hours for component cells. Average, weighted by aggregate hours, of the average hourly earnings for component cells. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Average, weighted by employment, of the rates for component cells. Annual average data All employees, women employees, and production or nonsupervisory workers, Gross average weekly hours Average weekly overtime hours... Sum of monthly estimates divided by. Annual total of aggregate hours (production or nonsupervisoryworker employment multiplied by average weekly hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Annual total of aggregate overtime hours (productionworker employment multiplied by average weekly overtime hours) divided by annual sum of employment. Sum of monthly estimates divided by. Annual total of aggregate hours for production or nonsupervisory workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. Annual total of aggregate overtime hours for production workers divided by annual sum of employment for these workers. See footnotes at end of table. 3

225 Table J. Summary of methods for computing industry statistics on employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover Continued Item B iasic<estypr»afjng cell^ndjystijy, region, size, or region/size ceil) Aggregate industry levels (divisions, J >c «rot/pv^hd t /'wvef»str«jfied /9l' 3~ individual cells) Annual average data Continued Gross average hourly earnings Gross average weekly earnings,..*..,. Annual total of aggregate payrolls (product of production or nonsupervisoryworker employment by weekly hours and hourly,fiarr\lngi) divided by annual aggregate,hours. Product of gross average weekly hours and average toourly Earnings. Annual total of aggregate payrolls divided by annual aggregate hours. Product of gross average weekly hours and average hourly earnings. Annual average aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual average employment., Annual average aggregate (of each labor turnover action) divided by annual average employment. The estimates result from multiplying the product shown by business birth adjustment factors to compensate for the under representation of newly formed enterprise* in the sample. The sample productionworker ratio, womenworker ratio, average weekly hours, average overtime hours, and average hourly earnings are modified by a wedging technique designed to'comfor the various nonagricultural industries, and appropriate adjustments are made as indicated. The industry estimates are currently projected from March levels. Normally, benchmark adjustments are made annually. The primary* squrces of (berichmark information are employment data, by industry, compiled quarterly by State agencies from reports of establishments oca/ered under State unemployment insurance laws. These tabulations covet nearly ninetenths of the total nonagricultural employment in the United 6tates. Benchmark data for the residual are obtained frbm the records of the Social Security Administration, the Interstate Commerce Commission, and a number* J of HDther agencies in private industry or government. The estimates, fo{ the fbenchnwk month are compared wi^h new benchmarklevels, industry by industry. If revisions are necessary, the monthly series of estimates between benchmark periods are adjusted at levels between the new benchmark and the preceding one, and the new benchmark for each industry is then carried forward progressively to the current month by use of the sample trends. Thus, under this procedure, the benchmark is used to establish the level of employment; the sample is used to measure the monthtomonth changes in the level. A comparison of the actual amounts of revisions made at the time of the March benchmark adjustment is shown in table K. Data for all months since the last benchmark to which the series has been adjusted are subject to revision. Revised data are published as soon as possible after each benchmark revision. THE SAMPLE Design The sampling plan used in the current employment statistics program is known as "sampling proportionate to average size of establishment." This design is an optimum allocation design among strata since the sampling variance is proportional to the average size of establishments. Under this type of design, large establishments fall into the sample with certainty. The size of the sample for the various industries is determined empirically on the basis of experience and of cost considerations. In a manufacturing industry in pensate f6r changes In the sample arising mainly from the voluntary character of the reporting. The wedging procedure accepts the advantage of continuity from the use of the matched sample, and at the same time, tapers or wedges the estimate toward the level of the latest sample average. Table K. Comparison of nonagricultural employment benchmarks and estimates for March Industry division Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government Benchmark March 84, ,733 0, 4 f 804 8,878 4,63 5,870 5,76 Estimate March 83, ,675 9,995 4,759 8,80 4,577 5,678 5,76 Percent difference 0 0 which a high proportion of total employment is concentrated in relatively few establishments, a large percentage of total employment is included in the sample. Consequently, the sample design for such industries provides for a complete census of the large establishments with only a few chosen from among the smaller establishments or none at all if the concentration of employment is great enough. On the other hand, in an industry in which a large proportion of total employment is in small establishments, the sample design calls for inclusion of all large establishments and also for a substantial number of the small ones. Many industries in the trade and services divisions fall into this category. To keep the sample to a size which can be handled by available resources, it is necessary to design samples for these industries with a smaller proportion of universe employment than is the case for most manufacturing industries. Since individual establishments^ these nonmanufacturing 4

226 divisions generally show less fluctuations from regular cyclical or seasonal patterns than do establishments in manufacturing industries, these smaller samples (in terms of employment) generally produce reliable estimates. In the context of the BLS employment and labor turnover statistics programs, with their emphasis on producing timely data at minimum cost, a sample must be obtained which will provide coverage of a sufficiently large segment of the universe to provide reasonably reliable estimates that can be published promptly and regularly. The present sample meets these specifications for most industries. With its use, the BLS is able to produce preliminary estimates each month for many industries and formany geographic levels within a few weeks after reports are mailed by respondents, and at a somewhat later date, statistics in considerably greater industrial detail. Coverage The BLS sample of establishment employment and payrolls is the largest monthly sampling operation in the field of social statistics. Table L shows the approximate proportion of total employment in each industry division covered by the group of establishments furnishing monthly employment data. The coverage for individual industries within the division may vary from the proportions shown. Table M shows the approximate coverage, in terms of employment, of the labor turnover sample. Reliability of the employment estimates Although the relatively large size of the BLS establishment sample assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures. As discussed under the previous section, a 'Mink relative" technique is used to estimate employment. This requires the use of the previous month's estimate as the base in computing the current month's estimate. Thus, small sampling and response errors may cumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the estimates are usually adjusted annually to new benchmarks. In addition to taking account of sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments (resulting from changes in their product which are not reflected in the levels of estimates until the data are adjusted to new benchmarks). In fact, at the more detailed industry levels, particularly within manufacturing, changes in classification are the major cause of benchmark adjustments. Another cause of differences arises from improvements in the quality of the benchmark data. Table N presents the average percent revisions of the five most recent benchmarks (excluding the March 973 adjustment for rnajor industry divisions. Detailed descriptions of individual benchmark revisions are available from the Bureau upon request. The hours and earnings estimates for cells are not subject to benchmark revisions, although the broader groupings may be affected slightly by changes in employment weights. The hours and earnings estimates, however, are subject to sampling errors which may be expressed as relative errors of the estimates. (A relative error is a standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate.) Relative errors for major industries are presented in table N and for individual industries with the specified number of employees in table O. The chances are about out of 3 that the hours and earnings estimates from the sample would differ by a smaller percentage than the relative error from the averages that would have been obtained from a complete census. One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates for individual industries is the rootmeansquare error (RMSE). The measure is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates V (Standard Deviation) + (Bias) If the bias is small, the chances are about out of 3 that an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the rootmeansquare error. The chances are about 9 out of 0 that^the difference would be less than twice the rootmeansquare error. Approximations of the rootmeansquare errors (based on the most recent benchmark revisions) of differences between final lestimates and benchmarks are presented in table O. For the two most recent months, estimates of employment, hours, and earnings are preliminary and are so footnoted in the tables. These figures are based on less than the total sample and are revised when all the reports in the sample have been re Table L. Approximate size and coverage of BLS employment and payrolls sample, March l Industry division Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities: Railroad transportation (ICC) Other transportation and public utilities.. Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government: Federal (Civil Service Commission) State and local Number of establishments in sample 6,800,00 5,800 45, ,00 39,500 0,600 3,900 4,600,300 Number reported 33,453,000 68, ,000,68,000 Employees 47,000,093,000 3,3,000,70,000 3,04,000,75,000 7,955,000 Percent of total Since a few establishments do not report payroll and hour information, hours and earnings estimates may be based on a slightly smaller sample than employment estimates. National estimates of Federal employment are provided to BLS by the Office of Personnel Management. State and area estimates are based on a sample of 3,700 reports covering about 55 percent of employment in Federal establishment. Table M. Approximate size and coverage of BLS labor turnover sample, March Industry Employees Number reported Percent of total Manufacturing Mining 0,,680 9,345,940 86, Telephone communication.. 698,980 7 June data used due to strike in March. 5

227 ceived. Table P presents rootmeansquare errors of the amounts of revisions that may be expected between the preliminary and final levels of employment and preliminary and final monthtomonth changes. Revisions of preliminary hours and earnings estimates are normally not greater than. of an hour for weekly hours and cent for hourly earnings. Table N. Average benchmark percent revision in employment estimates and relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly earnings by industry division [In percent] Industry division nonagricultural employment private Mining Contract construction... Manufacturing Durable Nondurable goods... Transportation and public utilities Trade Wholesale Retail Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government 3 Average benchmark revision in estimates of employment Relative errors (in percent) Average weekly hours Average hourly earnings The average percent revision in employment for the 9697, 974 and benchmarks. Relative errors relate to March 97 data. Estimates for government are based on a total count for Federal Government and samples for State and local government benchmarked to a quinquennial census of government conducted by the Bureau of the Census. Table O. Rootmeansquare errors of differences between benchmarks and estimates of employment and average relative errors for average weekly hours and average hourly earnings Size of employment estimate 50,000 00,000 00, ,000,000,000,000,000 Rootmeansquare error of employment estimates f 00 4,400 7,00 5,00 7,00 8, Relative errors On percent) Average Average weekly hourly hours earnings. Assuming month intervals between benchmark revisions. Relative errors relate to March 97 data. Table P. Errors of preliminary employment estimates Category INDUSTRY DISION nonagricultural employment Mining Contract construction Manufacturing Durable twodigit industries Nondurable twodigit industries.. Transportation and public utilities... Wholesale and retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate... Services Government DETAILED INDUSTRIES: SIZE OF EMPLOYMENT ESTIMATES 50,000 00,000 00, ,000,000,000,000,000 Root mean square error of Monthly level 83,000 8,000 3,000 3,000 3,700,500 0,000 9,000 8,000 35,000 43, ,00 3,900 3,800 6,000 Monthtomonth change 75,000 5,000 30,000 36,000 3,500,500 5,000 7,000 8,000 35,000 37, ,00 4,00 3,900 6,00 NOTE: Division level data are based on differences from January 97 through June. Detailed industry data are based on differences from August through June. STATISTICS FOR STATES AND AREAS State and area employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover data are collected and prepared by State agencies in cooperation with BLS. The area statistics relate to metropolitan areas. Definitions for all areas are published each year in the issue of Employment and Earnings that contains State and area annual averages (usually the May issue). Changes in definitions are noted as they occur. Additional industry detail may be obtained from the State agencies listed on the inside back cover of each issue. These statistics are based on the same establishment reports used by BLS for preparing national estimates. For employment, the sum ot the State figures may differ slightly from the equivalent official U.S. totals on a national basis, because some States have more recent benchmarks than others and because of the effects of differing industrial and geographic stratification. 6

228 For the States and the areas shown in the B and C sections of this periodical, all the annual average data for the detailed industry statistics currently published by each cooperating State agency are presented (from the earliest date of availability of each series) in a summary volume published annually by the BLS. PRODUCTITY DATA Tables C0, C, and C are compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics from establishment data and from estimates of compensation and Gross National Product supplied by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Federal Reserve Board. Definition Hours of wage and salary workers in nonagricultural establishments refer to hours paid for all employees production workers, nonsupervisory workers, and salaried workers. Output is the constant dollar market value of final goods and services produced in a given period. Indexes of output per hour of labor input, or labor productivity, measure changes in the volume of goods and services produced per unit of labor. Compensation per hour includes wages and salaries of employees plus employers' contributions for social insurance and private benefit plans. The data also include an estimate of wages, salaries, and supplementary payment for the selfemployed, except for nonfinancial corporations, in which there are no selfemployed. Real compensation per hour is compensation per hour adjusted to eliminate the effect of changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPIU). Unit labor costs measure the labor compensation cost required to produce one unit of output and are derived by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Unit nonlabor payments include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes per unit of output. They are computed by subtracting compensation of all persons from the current dollar gross national product and dividing by output, in these tables, unit nonlabor costs contain all the components of unit nonlabor payments except unit profits. Unit profits include corporate profits and inventory valuation adjustments per unit of output. The implicit price deflator is derived by dividing the current dollar estimate of gross product by the constant dollar estimate, making the deflator, in effect, a price index for gross product of the sector reported. Notes on the data For the private business sector and the nonfarm business sector, these indexes relate to the Gross Domestic Product less households and institutions, owneroccupied housing, and statistical discrepancy. For the nonfinancial corporate sector, the indexes refer to the Gross Domestic Product of nonfinancial corporate business. Manufacturing data have been revised to reflect revisions in the Federal Reserve Board Index of Industrial Production. Output data are supplied by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board. Quarterly measures have been adjusted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to annual estimates of output (gross product originating) from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Compensation and hour data are from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. State and area unemployment data (E table) FEDERALSTATE COOPERATE PROGRAM Labor force and unemployment estimates for States, labor market areas (LMA's), and other areas covered under Federal assistance programs are developed by State employment security agencies under a FederalState cooperative program. The local unemployment estimates which are derived from standardized procedures developed by BLS are the basis for determining eligibility of an area for benefits under Federal programs such as the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, the Public Work Employment Act and the Public Works and Economic Development Act. ESTIMATING METHODS Labor force and unemployment in 0 large States: New York, California, Illinois, Ohio, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Texas, Massachusetts, and Florida; and two areas: Los Angeles Long Beach metropolitan area and New York City, are sufficiently reliable to be used directly from the CPS. For a description of the CPS concepts see "Explanatory note A, Household Data," above. Monthly employment and unemployment estimates in the remaining 40 States and 05 labor market areas are prepared in several stages.. Preliminary estimate Employment: The total employment estimate is based primarily on data from the survey of establishments which produces an estimate of payroll employment. This placeofwork estimate must be adjusted to refer to place of residence as used in the CPS. Factors for adjusting from place of work to place of residence have been developed for the major categories of employment by class of worker and industry on the basis of employment relationships which existed at the time of the 970 Decennial Census. These factors are applied to the payroll employment estimates for the current period to obtain adjusted employment estimates. 7

229 . Preliminary estimateunemployment: In the current month, the estimate of unemployment is an aggregate of the estimates for each of. three building block categories: Persons who were previously employed in industries covered by State Ul laws; () those previously employed in industries not covered by these laws; and (3) those who were either entering the labor force of the first time or reentering after a period of separation. This is referred to below, as the Ulbased estimate. An estimate for those previously employed in covered industries is derived from a count of current unemployment insurance claimants, plus estimates of claimants whose benefits have been exhausted, those persons disqualified from receiving benefits for nonmonetary reasons (because they quit, were discharged for cause, etc., but would otherwise have been eligible), and persons who either filed claims late, or not at all. The estimate of those previously employed in industries not covered by Ul is derived by applying to the employment estimate for each noncovered industry or class of worker subgroup in the State, the ratio of covered unemployment to covered employment, weighted by factors reflecting national historical relationships. For the third category, new entrants and reentrants into the labor force, a composite estimate is developed from equations that relate the total entrants into the labor force to the experienced unemployed and the experienced labor force. For each month, the estimate of entrants into the labor force is a function of: (a) the month of the year; (b) the level of the experienced unemployed; (c) the level of the experienced labor force; and (d) proportion of the working age population that is considered "youth." The composite estimate of total entrants is defined as: U=A(X+E) + BX, Where U=total entrant unemployment E=total employment X=total experienced unemployment A,B=synthetic factors incorporating seasonal variation and an assumed relationship between the proportion of youths in the working population and the historical relationship of entrants to the experienced unemployed (B factor) or the experienced labor force (A factor). 3. Correction factors for employment and unemployment are then applied at the State level to the Ulbased estimates obtained above for each of the 40 States and the District of Columbia. These correction factors are based on the ratio of the CPS to the Ulbased estimates for the six month period ending in the current month (e.g. a 6month moving average). 4. Substate adjustment for additivity. Independent estimates of employment and unemployment are prepared both for the State (obtained directly from the CPS in the 0 large States or by the Ulbased method in the remaining States), and labor market areas (LMA's) within the State. The total labor force included in the LMA's exhaust the geographic boundaries of the State. A proportional adjustment is applied to all substate LMA estimates to ensure that the substate estimates of employment and unemployment add to the independent State totals. In California and New York, which also have substate areas taken directly from" the CPS, the additivity adjustment for the remaining areas is applied to the State total minus the direct CPS area. 5. Benchmark correction procedures. Once each year monthly estimates prepared by State employment security agencies using Ulbased estimating procedures are adjusted, or benchmarked, by BLS to the annual average CPS estimates for the 40 States for which monthly CPS estimates are not available. This adjustment is necessary because the Stateprepared estimates are not as reliable as the CPS annual averages due to differences in State Ul laws, the structural limitations of the Ulbased estimating method, and errors in the Ul data. The benchmarked estimates are produced in three stages. First, the monthly Ulbased estimates are adjusted by the ratio of the CPS to the Ulbased annual averages. Second, the difference between the ratio of annual averages for two consecutive years is wedged into the monthly estimates in order to minimize the disturbance to the original series. Finally, the secondstage estimates are forced into agreement with CPS annual averages. In the 0. States which use CPS estimates monthly, no benchmark correction is required, as the average of the monthly State CPS estimates will equal the CPS annual averages. Seasonal adjustment Many economic statistics reflect a regularly recurring seasonal movement which can be estimated on the basis of past experience. By eliminating that part of the change which can be ascribed to usual seasonal variation, it is possible to observe the cyclical and other nonseasonal movements in the series. However, in evaluating deviations from the seasonal pattern that is, changes in a seasonally adjusted series it is important to note that seasonal adjustment is merely an approximation based on past experience. Seasonally adjusted estimates have a broader margin of possible error than the original data on which they are based, since they are subject not only to sampling and other errors, but in addition, are affected by the uncertainties of the seasonal adjustment process itself. Seasonally adjusted series for selected labor force and establishment data are published regularly in Employment and Earnings. 8 The seasonal adjustment programs used for these series are an adaptation of the standard ratiotomoving average method. They provide for "moving" adjustment factors to take account of changing seasonal patterns. A detailed description of the methods is given in the two publications, BLS Seasonal Factor Method (966) and X Variant of the Census Method II Seasonal Adjustment Program, Technical Paper No. 5, Bureau of the Census (967). Data for the household series are seasonally adjusted utilizing the Census Bureau's X Method. Each January, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are revised to take into account data from the previous year. In January 976, in addition to the routine annual revisions, the Bureau introduced a modification in the procedure for seasonally «U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: /4 3

230 adjusting teenage unemployment and those few other unemployment series (e.g., unemployed new entrants) of which teenagers are the exclusive or major part. In January, modifications were introduced in the procedure for seasonally adjusting teenage nonagricultural employment, a number of other teenage employment series, and adult male unemployment. All civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. For example, for each of the three major labor force componentsagricultural employment, nonagricultural employment and unemploymentdata for four sexage groups (males and females under and over 0 years of age) are separately adjusted for seasonal variation and are then added to derive seasonally adjusted total figures. In order to provide seasonally adjusted total employment and civilian labor force estimates, the appropriate series are aggregated. The unemployment rate for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the sum of 4 seasonally adjusted sexage components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of seasonally adjusted sexage components). Revised seasonally adjusted series for major components of the labor force based on data through December, new seasonal factors for the major components of the civilian labor force, and a description of the seasonal adjustment methodology are published in the February Employment and Earnings. Many additional series, which are either components or aggregates of the series presented, are available from the BLS upon request. For establishment data, seasonally adjusted series for all employees, women employees, production workers, hours, and earnings, are computed using the BLS Seasonal Factor Method. Seasonal adjustment factors are directly applied to the component levels. Seasonally adjusted totals for most of these series are then obtained by taking a weighted average of the seasonally adjusted djata for the component series. Seasonally adjusted average weekly earnings are the product of seasonally adjusted average hourly earnings and seasonally adjusted weekly hours. Average weekly earnings in constant dollars, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by dividing average weekly earnings, seasonally adjusted, by the seasonally adjusted revised Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (revised CPIW), and multiplying by 00. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by multiplying average weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, by production or nonsupervisory workers, seasonally adjusted, and dividing by the 967 base. For total private, total goodsproducing, total private serviceproducing, trade, manufacturing, and durable and nondurable goods industries, the indexes of aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, are obtained by summing the aggregate weekly hours, seasonally adjusted, for the appropriate component industries and dividing by the 967 base. The seasonally adjusted establishment data for Federal Government are based on a series which excludes the Christmas temporary help employed by the Postal Service in December. The employment of these workers constitutes the only significant seasonal change in Federal Government employment during the winter months. Furthermore, the volume of such employment may change substantially from year to year because of administrative decisions by the Postal Service. Hence, it was considered desirable to exclude this group from the data upon which the seasonlly adjusted series is based. For labor turnover rates, seasonal adjustment factors are applied directly to the component series. These series are then aggregated to obtain total levels (total accessions and total separations). These factors are derived by the Census X Method using the trading day option. As a result, these series are adjusted for the number of times each day of the week occurs in a given month, as well as for the month of the year. The revised seasonally adjusted series for the establishment data reflect experience through June. Seasonal factors to be used for current adjustment appear in the October issue of Employment and Earnings. Additional information concerning the preparation of the labor force, employment, hours, earnings, and labor turnover series concepts and scope, survey methods, and limitationsis contained in the Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 90. 9

231 U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics REGION I BOSTON John Fitzgerald Kennedy Federal Bldg. Government Center Room 603 A Boston, Mass. 003 REGION II NEW YORK 55 BroadwaySuite 3400 New York, N.Y REGION III PHILADELPHIA 3535 Market Street P.O. Box 3309 (Zip 90) Philadelphia, Pa. REGION ATLANTA 37 Peachtree Street, N.E. Atlanta, Ga REGION V CHICAGO 30 S. Dearborn Street Chicago, III REGION VI DALLAS 555 Griffin Sq., nd Fl. Dallas, Tex. 750 REGIONS VII & VIM KANSAS CITY 9 Walnut Street Kansas City, Mo REGIONS IX & X SAN FRANCISCO 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 3607 San Francisco, Calif. 940 BLS Region COOPERATING STATE AGENCIES State and Local Area Unemployment Statistics Program (LAUS), Current Employment Statistics Program (CES), and Labor Turnover Statistics Program (LTS) ALABAMA X ALASKA IX ARIZONA VI ARKANSAS IX CALIFORNIA VIM COLORADO I III Ilk CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DIST. OF COL. l v FLORIDA GEORGIA IX HAWAII X IDAHO V ILLINOIS V INDIANA VII IOWA VII KANSAS KENTUCKY VI LOUISIANA I MAINE III MARYLAND I MASSACHUSETTS V MICHIGAN V MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI VII MISSOURI VIM MONTANA VII NEBRASKA IX NEVADA I NEW HAMPSHIRE II NEWJERSEY VI NEW MEXICO II NEWYORK NORTH CAROLINA VIII NORTH DAKOTA V OHIO VI OKLAHOMA X OREGON III PENNSYLVANIA I RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA VIM SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE VI TEXAS VIM UTAH I VERMONT III VIRGINIA X WASHINGTON III WEST VIRGINIA V WISCONSIN VIII WYOMING Department of Industrial Relations, Industrial Relations Building, Montgomery 3630 Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box Juneau 9980 Department of Economic Security, P.O. Box 63. Phoenix Employment Security Division, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 98, Little Rock 703 Employment Development Department, P.O. Box 679, Sacramento (LAUS and CES). Management Services, Department of Labor and Employment, 0 Sherman Street, Denver 8003 Employment Security Division, Labor Department, 00 Folly Brook Boulevard, Wethersfield 0609 Department of Labor, University Plaza Office Complex, Bldg. D, Chapman Rd., Route 73, Newark 973 Office of Administration and Management Service, D.C. Department of Manpower, Suite 000, 605 G Street, N. W., Washington 000 Department of Labor and Employment Security, Caldwell Building, Tallahassee 3304 Department of Labor, 54 Washington Street, S.W., Atlanta Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 3680, Honolulu 968 Department of Employment, P.O, Box 35, Boise Bureau of Employment Security, 90 South Michigan Street, Chicago Employment Security Division, 0 North Senate Avenue, Indianapolis 4604 Department of Job Services, 000 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines 5039 Division of Employment, Department of Human Resources. 40 Topeka Avenue, Topeka Department of Human Resources, 75 E. Main Street. nd Floor West, Frankfort 4060 Department of Labor,P.O. Box 44094Capitol Station. Baton Rouge Employment Security Commission, Department of Manpower Affairs, 0 Union Street, Augusta Department of Human Resources, 00 North Eutaw Street, Baltimore 0 Division of Employment Security, Charles F. Hurley Building, Government Center, Boston 04 Employment Security Commission, 730 Woodward Avenue, Detroit 480 Department of Economic Security, 390 North Robert Street, St. Paul 550 Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 699, Jackson 3905 Division of Employment Security, Department of Labor and Industrial Relations, P.O. Box 59, Jefferson City 650 Employment Security Division, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 78, Helena 5960 Division of Employment, Department of Labor, P.O. Box 94600, Lincoln Employment Security Department, P.O. Box 60, Carson City 8973 Department of Employment Security, 3 South Main Street, Concord 0330 Department of Labor and I ndustry, John Fitch Plaza, Room 0, Trenton 0865 Employment Service Division, Department of Human Services, P. O. Box 98, Albuquerque 8703 Division of Research and Statistics, N.Y. State Department of Labor. State CampusBuilding, Albany 0 Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 5903, Raleigh 76 Employment Security Bureau, P.O. Box 537, Bismarck Division of Research and Statistics, Bureau of Employment Services, 45 S. Front St., Columbus 436 Employment Security Commission, 30 Will Rogers Memorial Office Building, Oklahoma City 7305 Employment Division, Department of Human Resources, 875 Union Street, N.E., Salem 973 Department of Labor and Industry, Seventh and Forster Streets, Harrisburg 7 Department of Employment Security, 4 Mason Street, Providence 0903 Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 995, Columbia 90 Department of Labor, P.O. Box 730, Aberdeen 5740 Department of Employment Security, Room 59, Cordell Hull Office Building, Nashville 379 Employment Commission, TEC Building, 5th and Congress Avenue, Austin Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 49, Salt Lake City 8447 Department of Employment Security, P.O. Box 488, Montpelier 0560 Division of Research and Statistics, Department of Labor and Industry, P.O. Box 064. Richmond 34 (CES). Employment Commission, P.O. Box 358, Richmond 3 (LAUS and LTS) Employment Security Department, 007 South Washington Street, Olympia 9850 Department of Employment Security, State Office Building, California Avenue, Charleston 5305 Department of Industry, Labor, and Human Relations, P.O. Box 7944, Madison Employment Security Commission, P.O. Box 760, Casper 860