Objective Urban Audit indicators and citizens' subjective perceptions: Match or clash?

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1 Objective Urban Audit indicators and citizens' subjective perceptions: Match or clash? Stefanie Neurauter, City of Wiesbaden Amt für Strategische Steuerung, Stadtforschung und Statistik SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 1

2 Urban Audit: Assessing Quality of Life in European Cities Objective of Urban Audit: to gather comparable indicators and provide a reliabel statistical data basis to asses different living conditions and quality of life in european cities European Quality of Life Perception Survey adding citizens subjective assessments to objective statistical data every 3 years 75 European cities 7 German cities in the sample 213 SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 2

3 Urban Audit Perception Survey / Coordinated Survey in German Cities In parallel to the EU-Survey 2 German cities conducted the Coordinated Survey by own funding The methodological approach and questionaire was adopted from the European Urban Audit Perception survey Additional survey modules were agreed upon to gather comparable data on further issues of interest to cities Data collection 26, 29, 212 Data exchange with EU for additional analysis SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 3

4 Urban Audit Coordinated Survey in 2 German Cities Sample Design - Minimum sample size per city: n= 5 Total sample size n= respondents Nr. city Sample size 1 Augsburg 81 2 Braunschweig 8 3 Bremen 5 4 Darmstadt 52 5 Dresden 5 6 Düsseldorf 8 7 Frankfurt a. M. 5 8 Freiburg 82 9 Fürth 5 1 Heilbronn Kassel (neu) Koblenz 8 13 Konstanz Mannheim Nürnberg 8 16 Oberhausen 8 17 Saarbrücken 8 18 Stuttgart Wiesbaden Zwickau 51 Total Interviews SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 4

5 Urban Audit Perception Survey - Survey Program - Satisfaction with public infrastructure and services (11) Perception of aspects as labor market, housing, poverty, integration of foreigner, environmental quality, safety and trust (14) Satisfaction with personal situation: personal job situation, financial situation, living area, personal life (4) Most important issues for the city (3 out of 1) Socio-demographic background variables (number of items in 212) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 5

6 Capturing Quality of Life in European Cities Quality of Life Environmental aspects Economic aspects Social aspects Cultural aspects Public infrastructure Subjective indicators e.g. perception of environmental quality job opportunities poverty integration of foreigners housing market Satisfaction with public infrastructure Future expectations Objective indicators e.g. life expectancy /mortality income level / distribution welfare rates supply with public services rental prices noise level SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 6

7 Assessing Quality of Life in Cities Subjective and Objective indicators Subjective indicators??? Objective indicators How do they match? Why or why not? What do we learn from matching/ confronting? SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 7

8 Matching survey indicators to Urban Audit data collection (1) satisfaction with state / beauty of houses and streets in your neighbourhood public spaces (markets, squares, pedestrian areas) green spaces (parks, gardens) schools - - cultural facilities (concert halls, theaters, museums, libraries) sports facilities (sports fields, indoor sport halls) public transport in the city? UA 'objective' indicator EN512V green space, EN51V green space to which the public has access (ha) CR13V-CR113V numbers and visitors/users of cinema, theaters, museums, public libraries? CR115V number of public swimming pools health care services by doctors and hospitals availability of retail shops? - air quality noise level TT11V- TT18V lenght of public transport network, number of public transport access points/stops, costs of city tickets SA222V, SA227V, SA228V beds in hospitals, doctors, dentists EN22V-EN227V number of days exceeding critical concentration of ozone O3, NO2, PM1, annual values EN229V-EN233V Number of residents exposed to critical limit of road traffic/ rail traffic / air traffic noise (daytime, nightime) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 8

9 Matching survey indicators to Urban Audit data collection (2) agreement to statements in this city it is easy to find a (good) job foreigners are well integrated? easy to find housing at reasonable price administrative services help efficiently - - this city is a clean city - - this city spends its resources in a? responsible way* - poverty is a problem in this city* most people in the city can be trusted - - you are satisfied to live in this city - - UA 'objective' indicator employment rate high/low percentage of migrants may give an idea of different level of challenges rental prices, prices for buying houses income (average, median, poverty risk, dependence on welfare) in the next five years, it will be more pleasant to live in this city - - you feel safe in this city? SA37V (not included anymore) you feel safe in your neighbourhood? you feel safe in this city during daytime*? you feel safe in this city during nighttime*? * Items in German Coordinated Survey differing from UA 212 Perception Survey SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 9

10 Objective and Subjective Indicators - Public Green Space - Subjective indicator Satisfaction with green spaces such as parks and gardens (212, 29, 26) -> indicator percentage satisfied/dissatisfied Objective indicator: EN512V Green space (m2 per capita; 29;) EN51V Public accessible green space (m2 per capita, percentage of total city space; 29) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 1

11 Subjective Indicator - Satisfaction with Green Spaces Question 1: Generally speaking, please tell me if you are very satisfied, rather satisfied, rather unsatisfied or not at all satisfied with each of the following issues in [CITY NAME]:. Green spaces such as parks and gardens not at all satisfied rather unsatisfied rather satisfied very satisfied 2 cities More than 45. inhabitants 15. to 45. inhabitants Less than 15. inhabitants in %; missing to 1 % = don know / no answer" SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

12 Objective Indicator - Green Space in the city - 2 cities Koblenz Saarbrücken Darmstadt Heilbronn Wiesbaden Freiburg Braunschweig Dresden Augsburg Kassel Bremen Mannheim Stuttgart Frankfurt a.m. Nürnberg Düsseldorf Fürth Zwickau Konstanz Oberhausen greenspace 1m2/capita (29/211) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

13 Objective and Subjective Indicator - Green Space in the city - Question 1: Generally speaking, please tell me if you are very satisfied, rather satisfied, rather unsatisfied or not at all satisfied with each of the following issues in [CITY NAME]:. Green spaces such as parks and gardens 2 cities 82 Kassel Dresden Düsseldorf Bremen Darmstadt Braunschwe Frankfurt Mannheim Freiburg Wiesbaden Stuttgart Augsburg Heilbronn Nürnberg Koblenz Saarbrücken (very) satisfied 212 greenspace 1m2/capita (29/211) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

14 Objective Indicators - Green Spaces - Green space in the city Public accessible green space 2 cities Koblenz Saarbrücken Darmstadt Heilbronn Wiesbaden Freiburg Braunschweig Dresden Augsburg Kassel Bremen Mannheim Stuttgart Frankfurt a.m. Nürnberg Düsseldorf Fürth Zwickau Konstanz Oberhausen public m2/capita (29/211) greenspace 1m2/capita (29/211) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

15 Objective and subjective Indicator - Public Green Spaces - Question 1: Generally speaking, please tell me if you are very satisfied, rather satisfied, rather unsatisfied or not at all satisfied with each of the following issues in [CITY NAME]:. Green spaces such as parks and gardens 2 cities 82 Kassel Braunschweig Bremen Wiesbaden Mannheim Stuttgart Freiburg Darmstadt Düsseldorf Frankfurt a.m. Saarbrücken Augsburg Nürnberg Fürth Zwickau Heilbronn Konstanz Oberhausen Koblenz Dresden (very) satisfied 212 public green space m2/capita SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

16 Objective and subjective Indicator - Public Green Spaces - Question 1: Generally speaking, please tell me if you are very satisfied, rather satisfied, rather unsatisfied or not at all satisfied with each of the following issues in [CITY NAME]:. Green spaces such as parks and gardens 2 cities Saarbrücken Nürnberg Augsburg Stuttgart Wiesbaden Freiburg Mannheim Frankfurt a.m. Darmstadt Braunschweig Bremen Düsseldorf Kassel (very) dissatisfied 212 public green m2/capita (29) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

17 Economic Situation / Labor Market Opportunities Subjective indicators It is easy to find a (good) job (26, 29, 212) satisfaction with personal job situation (212 new) three most important issues in the city job creation / reduce unemployment ; employment status of respondent (no exact coverage!) Objective data / indicators: Unemployement rates, changes over time SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

18 Labor Market - Subjective Indicator Question 2: In *city*, it is easy to find a (good) job; percentage 1+2 strongly+ somewhat agree (212) 2 cities Frankfurt a.m. Stuttgart Düsseldorf Bremen Dresden Nürnberg Mannheim Wiesbaden Augsburg Braunschweig Freiburg Oberhausen Kassel Saarbrücken Darmstadt Heilbronn Fürth Koblenz Zwickau Konstanz more than 45. inhabitants to 45. inhabitants less than 15. inhabitants SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

19 Question 2: In *city*, it is easy to find a (good) job Labor Market - Subjective + Objective Indicator Unemployment rate (Dec 212, BA) 16, 12, OBH 8, 4, S FFM DA WI Konstanz, R² =, percentage strongly/somewhat disagree 212 SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

20 Labor Market - Subjective + Objective Indicator Question 2: In *city*, it is easy to find a (good) job; percentage 1+2 strongly+ somewhat disagree (212) Oberhausen Bremen Kassel Saarbrücken Dresden Düsseldorf Zwickau Nürnberg Wiesbaden Frankfurt a.m. Braunschweig Fürth Heilbronn Koblenz Freiburg Augsburg Mannheim Darmstadt Stuttgart Konstanz 11,8 1,2 9,9 9, 8,8 8,4 8,3 7,6 7,2 7,2 7,1 6,5 6,3 6,2 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 5,9 4, disagree 212 unemployment rate 212 (Dec, BA) 65 SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 2

21 Labor Market - Subjective Indicator 212, 29 Question 2: In *city*, it is easy to find a (good) job; percentage 1+2 strongly+ somewhat agree 2 cities 45 more than 45. inhabitants Frankfurt a.m. Stuttgart Düsseldorf Bremen Dresden Nürnberg Mannheim Wiesbaden Augsburg Braunschweig Freiburg Oberhausen Kassel Saarbrücken Darmstadt Heilbronn Fürth Koblenz Zwickau Konstanz agree 212 agree to 45. inhabitants less than 15. inhabitants SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

22 Labor Market - Objective and Subjective Indicator Question 2: In *city*, it is easy to find a (good) job; difference in percentage points Fürth + 3, + 2, + 1, unemployment rate, difference in percentage points 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, R² =,23 FFM WI DA 1, 2, Zwickau 3, 4, disagree , difference in percentage points SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

23 Question 2: In *city*, it is easy to find a (good) job Labor Market - Subjective + Objective Indicator - Changes , 3, 2, 1, + 1, + 2, + 3, 35, 3, 25, 2, 15, 1, 5, Zwickau Mannheim Braunschweig Augsburg Heilbronn Koblenz Konstanz Wiesbaden Saarbrücken Nürnberg Düsseldorf Stuttgart Frankfurt am Main Darmstadt Freiburg im Breisgau Oberhausen Fürth 3,2 2,1 1,8 1,8 1,6 1,2 1,2 1,,8,8,8,6,5,5,2 + 2,4 25,6 23,6 19,4 21,8 11, 11,1 1,5 8,8 18,4 24,7 1,3 19,3 1,7 6,4 2,5 9,9 29,1 Zwickau Mannheim Braunschweig Augsburg Heilbronn Koblenz Konstanz Wiesbaden Saarbrücken Nürnberg Düsseldorf Stuttgart Frankfurt am Main Darmstadt Freiburg im Breisgau Oberhausen Fürth Employment rate disagree SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

24 Satisfaction with personal job situation - little variation between German cities- Question 3: On the whole, are you very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with your personal job situation? not at all satisfied not very satisfied fairly satisfied very satisfied More than 45. inhabitants 15. to 45. Less than 15. SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

25 Economic Situation / Poverty Subjective Indicators Poverty is a problem in this city Problems to pay bills Satisfaction with financial situation (household) (new 212) Objective Indicators: Poverty (risk, rates) Dependency on welfare / bekämpfte Armut Income: Average annual household income(ec34v 29); Median annual household income SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

26 Perception of Poverty - Big Variations between German cities - Question 2: Poverty is a problem in [CITY NAME] strongly disagree somewhat disagree somewhat agree strongly agree 5 More than 45.inhabitants 15. to Less than 15. SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

27 Financial situation in privat households - Little Variance accross German cities - Question D5: During the last twelve months, would you say you had difficulties to pay your bills at the end of the month? most of the time from time to time almost never never More than 45. inhabitants 15. to 45. Less than 15. SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

28 Objective and subjective indicator - Perception of Poverty / income - Question 2: Poverty is a problem in [CITY NAME] cities 53 Bremen Oberhausen Saarbrücken Kassel Mannheim Frankfurt a.m. Nürnberg Augsburg Fürth Zwickau Koblenz Wiesbaden Düsseldorf Stuttgart Heilbronn Dresden Freiburg Darmstadt Braunschweig Konstanz agree mean income SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

29 Objectiv and subjective indicator - Perception of Poverty / income - Question 2: Poverty is a problem in [CITY NAME] Mean income DA S WI DÜ FFM 275 HB FÜ AUG MA 25 FREIB N BRAU OBH BREMEN KOBLENZ 225 ZWICKAU KASSEL 2 DD SB R² =, percentage strongly/somewhat agree 212 SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

30 Question 2: Poverty is a problem in [CITY NAME] Objectiv and subjective indicator - Perception of Poverty / households depending on welfare - 2 cities 53 Konstanz Saarbrücken Oberhausen Kassel Zwickau Dresden Bremen Braunschweig Frankfurt a.m. Wiesbaden Augsburg Nürnberg Mannheim Düsseldorf Darmstadt Stuttgart Koblenz Freiburg Heilbronn Fürth 36 23,1 2,8 2,1 19,4 18,8 18,7 16,5 15,4 15,4 15,4 15,3 15,2 13,9 13,1 12,3 11,7 11,3 11,1 1, agree 212 dependent households 29 SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June 213 3

31 Matching objective to subjective indicators: Preliminary conclusion (1) Urban monitoring needs to supplement objective statistical data with subjective evaluations to get a more complete picture Vice versa: to look at subjective evaluations isolated from objective conditions / parameters may be misleading It seems promising to include more cities and more time sets to the analysis For cities, the Urban Audit Data Collection and Perception Survey has become a rare and valuable source for combining and comparing objective and subjective indicator sets over time However, so far, analysis is very much lead by what is there (data that is available and seemingly plausible) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

32 Matching objective to subjective indicators: Preliminary conclusion (2) Challenges Many aspects of quality are difficult to match with objective indicator e.g. perception of cultural attractiveness, schooling / educational system, esthetic quality of public spaces Matching different time sets, variing sources, variing data quality and documentation Matching different levels of analysis: factors on the level of individuals (e.g. individual experiencing unemployment or poverty) and on aggregate level (local job opportunities, welfare rates) Complexity of analysis, drawing conclusions and communicating results SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

33 Linking objective to subjective indicators: Preliminary conclusion (3) Desirable for the future More systematic concept of Quality of Living fitting for Urban development / local decision makers (components, how are certain aspects linked to each other) What do we need/want to focus on? What do we need to measure it? How are subjective evaluations linked to structural aspects? How do they change over time? How do we analyse the results most efficiently? Monitoring demands continuous measuring over time / reliable as data source for city comparisons More possibilities to differentiate / weight according to importance / relevance of different aspects to subgroups of the population (e.g. schools, sports facilities) SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June

34 Thank you for listening! For further information: URBAN AUDIT Database at EUROSTAT _data_collections Urbanaudit.de / German Database for the Urban Audit Collection Perception survey / Coordinated survey of German cities SCORUS Conference in Brussels 4 5 June