Measuring competitiveness with the Urban Audit data. Teodora Brandmuller EUROSTAT

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1 Measuring competitiveness with the Urban Audit data Teodora Brandmuller EUROSTAT SCORUS Conference

2 Outline of my talk 1. Urban Audit State of the art 2. Building the Index of Competitiveness 3. Comparing cities 4. Relationship between indicators 5. Limitations and conclusions SCORUS Conference

3 Dimensions of the Urban Audit dataset 333 variables collected More than 260 indicators (derived series) calculated Reference years: 1991, 1996 and 2001 Four spatial units: core city, larger urban zone, kernel, sub-city information SCORUS Conference

4 Average response rates by theme 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Demography Social aspects Economic asp. Civic involvem. Training,educ. Environment Travel,transp. Information soc. Culture, recreat. SCORUS Conference

5 Geographical coverage of Urban Audit 189 EU15 69 EU12 26 Turkey Geographical coverage of the analysis 137 cities over SCORUS Conference

6 Building the Index of Competitiveness Competitiveness Index Labour force Gross domestic product Unemployment Business Environment Accessibility Human Capital SCORUS Conference

7 CI LF GDP UN BE AC Labour Force indicators Total annual population change over 5 years Activity rate Activity rate - male Activity rate - female Activity rate Activity rate HC SCORUS Conference

8 CI LF GDP Gross Domestic Product GDP per head GDP per employed person UN BE AC HC SCORUS Conference

9 CI LF GDP UN BE AC HC Unemployment Unemployment rate Unemployment rate - male Unemployment rate - female Proportion of unemployed Proportion of unemployed Proportion of long term unemployed (>6 months) Proportion of long term unemployed (>1 year) aged Proportion of unemployed who are under 25 SCORUS Conference

10 CI LF GDP UN BE Business Environment Companies with HQs in city quoted on stock market Proportion of companies gone bankrupt New businesses registered as a proportion of existing companies AC HC SCORUS Conference

11 Accessibility CI LF GDP UN BE AC Prop. of those employed in the city who are in-commuters Average time of journey to work Length of public transport network per 1000 pop Accessibility by air (EU27=100) Accessibility by rail (EU27=100) Accessibility by road (EU27=100) Multimodal accessibility (EU27=100) HC SCORUS Conference

12 CI LF GDP UN BE AC HC Human Capital Number of students in universities and further education establishments per 1000 resident population Proportion of resident population qualified at level 1 ISCED Proportion of the resident population qualified at levels 5-6 ISCED SCORUS Conference

13 Technical note The "Dashboard" is a free, non-commercial software which allows to present complex relationships between economic, social and environmental issues in a highly communicative format aimed at decision-makers and citizens. It is also particularly recommended to students, university lecturers, researchers and indicator experts. Source: SCORUS Conference

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35 Limitations The indicator selection is arbitrary Weighting - equal weight to each indicator is in obvious contrast to reality Missing data Valuation point values are linearly interpolated between the worst ant the best. In some cases it leads to uneven distribution SCORUS Conference

36 Conclusions The Dashboard is a very useful tool - to create and test composite indexes - to show heterogeneous indicators in a common format - to compare cities along multiple criteria Relationship between accessibility, labour force and GDP is apparent in UA cities The Indicators selected to characterize business environment proved to be inadequate If the number of indicators is three or less the results are highly distorted by missing data (example: Human capital) SCORUS Conference