CONTENTS. I) IMPROVEMENTS ON THE BASIC INDICATORS OF THE YEARS 2002 & Text II) THE RESULTS OF THE YEAR Text

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1 CONTENTS I) IMPROVEMENTS ON THE BASIC INDICATORS OF THE YEARS 2002 & Text II) THE RESULTS OF THE YEAR Text Graphics : Sheet Name Graphic 1. The labour force participation, employment and unemployment rate by, geographical regions, Graphic 1 Graphic 2. The employment rate by geographical regions and branch of economic activity, Graphic 2 Graphic 3. The unemployment rate by geographical regions and educational status, Graphic 3 Basic Indicators of Household Labour Force Survey, Bas.Ind General Explanation on Household Labour Force Survey... Explanation Concepts and Definitions...Definitions Tables : Table 1. Non-Institutional Civilian Population by Labour Force Status and Geographical Regions, (Turkey)... Table 1 Table 2. Non-Institutional Civilian Population by Labour Force Status and Geographical Regions, (Urban)... Table 2 Table 3. Non-Institutional Civilian Population by Labour Force Status and Geographical Regions, (Rural)...Table 3 Table 4. Employment Status and Branch of Economic Activity by Geographical Regions, (Turkey)... Table 4 Table 5. Employment Status and Branch of Economic Activity by Geographical Regions, (Urban)... Table 5 Table 6. Employment Status and Branch of Economic Activity by Geographical Regions,

2 (Rural)...Table 6 Table 7. Non-Institutional Civilian Population by Labour Force Status and Selected Province Centers, Table 7 Table 8. Employment Status and Branch of Economic Activity by Selected Province Centers, Table 8

3 THE PRESIDENCY OF STATE INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS ANNOUNCED THE ANNUAL PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF 2003 HOUSEHOLD LABOUR FORCE SURVEY D The total employment was 21 million 147 thousand persons and the total unemployment was 2 million 493 thousand persons according to the annual preliminary results of the 2003 Household Labour Force Survey, which was adapted by International Labour Organization s (ILO) definitions (1). In the year 2003, the unemployment rate was estimated to be 10.5% and the highest unemployment rate was in Southeast Anatolia Region with 21.6% according to the annual preliminary results of the 2003 Household Labour Force Survey. The annual results of 2003 Household Labour Force Survey which is the basic indicator for analyzing the labour market, are examined according to the basic indicators, the following results emerged in labour market. I) IMPROVEMENTS ON THE BASIC INDICATORS OF THE YEARS 2002 & 2003 Non -institutional Civilian PopulationKurumsal Olmayan Sivi According to the results of 2003 Household Labour Force Survey (HLFS), non-institutional civilian population in Turkey reached to 69 million 479 thousand persons with an increase of 1 million 86 thousand persons compared to the results of the previous year. When this number was examined by urban and rural areas, an increase of 1 million 82 thousand persons in urban areas (42 million 135 thousand persons) and an increase of 4 thousand persons in rural areas (27 million 344 thousand persons) were emerged. According to the results of 2002 Household Labour Force Survey, 60% of the non-institutional civilian population was residing in urban areas. In the year 2003, this rate increased to 60.6% (Tables 1, 2, 3). Labour Force Participation Rate

4 In the year 2002, the labour force participation rate (LFPR) was estimated to be 49.6 % for Turkey. This rate decreased to 48.3% in When the LFPR was examined by sex, it decreased from 71.6% to 70.4% for male, and decreased from 27.9% to 26.6% for female. When 2003 labour force participation rate was compared with previous year, it decreased from 44.4% to 43.8% for urban areas, decreased from 57.6% to 55.5% for rural areas. In the year 2003, the annual labour force participation rate was estimated to be 48.3% for Turkey Employment In year 2003, total employment decreased 207 thousand persons for Turkey, and 383 thousand persons for rural areas and it increased 176 thousand persons for urban areas according to the results of the previous year. The number of employed persons decreased 293 thousand persons in agriculture sector and decreased 108 thousand persons in manufacturing sector for Turkey. Manufacturing sector employment increased for urban areas, while it was decreasing in rural areas. In other words, agricultural employment narrowed by 3.9% and manufacturing sector employment narrowed by 2.7%. However total employment in construction sector increased by 0.7% and by 2.4% in services sector. When this value was compared with the results of 2002, the employment rate decreased from 44.4% to 43.2% for Turkey, from 63.9% to 62.9% for male, from 25.3% to 23.9% for female. In the year 2003, the annual employment rate was estimated to be 43.2 % for Turkey. Unemployment In 2003, the number of unemployed persons was estimated to be 2 million 493 thousand persons with an increase of 29 thousand persons (1.2%) when compared to the results of the previous year. When the number of unemployed persons decreased in urban areas, it increased in rural. This number decreased by 2.2% for urban areas and it increased by 11.1% for rural areas.

5 In the year 2003, the unemployment rate increased from 10.3% to 10.5% for Turkey, from 9.4% to 10.1% for female and this rate was 10.7% for male without any changes, when compared with the results of the previous year. In the year 2003, the total unemployment rate was 15% for non-agricultural sector without any changes, when compared to the results of the previous year. In year 2003, the unemployment rate was estimated to be 15% in non-agricultural sector. In the year 2003, 17.2% of total unemployed persons (429 thousand persons) comprised from persons loosed their job and 19.3% of those (480 thousand persons) were the first time job seekers. This figures was 20.2% (498 thousand persons) and 20.8%(513 thousand persons) respectively in the previous year. When the number of unemployed persons loosed their job and the first time job seekers decreased in 2003, the share of them in total unemployment also decreased. In year 2002, the unemployment rate of educated young people was 29.1%. This rate decreased 27.8% in year When the unemployed persons was examined by educational status, the share of persons less than high school graduates and un-educated people in unemployed persons increased from 62.6% to 65%, the share of persons completed high school in unemployed persons decreased from 26.5% to 23.3%. The share of persons upper than high school graduates in unemployed persons increased from 10.8% to 11.6%. Underemployment Rate In the year 2003, the underemployment rate within the labour force decreased from 5.4% to 4.8% according to the previous year. The underemployment rate decreased from 5.8% to 5.2% in urban areas and from 5% to 4.4% in rural areas. While the ratio of underemployment among the educated young people was examined, it was observed that this rate decreased for male and increased for female in urban areas. This rate increased both for male and female in rural areas. Persons Not in Labour Force

6 In the year 2003, the rate of persons not in labour force within the non-institutional civilian working age population increased from 50.4% to 51.7% according to the results of 2002 HLFS. In year 2003, 49.8% of the persons not in labour force were housewives in Turkey. When the distribution of persons not in labour force was examined in certain main groups, in year 2003, the share of housewives decreased from 50.4% to 49.8%, the share of disabled people decreased from 10.1% to 9.8% and the share of students increased from 13.2% to 13.7%, the share of retired persons increased from 11.2% to 11.8% according to the previous year results. When 52.5% of persons not in labour force were housewives in urban areas in 2002, this rate decreased to 52.1% in II) THE RESULTS OF THE YEAR 2003 When the annual preliminary results of 2003 Household Labour Force Survey are examined on the basis of geographic regions and selected province centers, the following results were emerged in labour market. POPULATION AGED 15 YEARS AND OVER Turkey In year 2003, non-institutional working age population (15 years and over) was estimated to be 48 million 912 thousand persons for Turkey. The ratio of non-institutional working age population within the non-institutional civilian population was estimated to be 70.4% for Turkey, 71% for urban areas and 69.5% for rural areas.. Geographical Regions When the ratio of non-institutional working age population in regions within the non-institutional working age population of Turkey was examined; the highest rate was emerged in Marmara Region with 27.6% and the lowest rate was emerged in East Anatolia Region with 7.9%.

7 When 80.5% of non-institutional working age population in Marmara Region were residing in urban areas, 38.1% of those in Black Sea Region were residing in urban areas( Tables 1,2,3). Selected Nine Province Centers When the non-institutional working age population was examined by selected nine province centers; 74.9% of noninstitutional civilian population in Istanbul, 76.5% of those in Ankara and 77.5% of those in İzmir comprise the noninstitutional working age population (Table 7). LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE Turkey According to the results of 2003 HLFS, the labour force participation rate was estimated to be 48.3% for Turkey, 70.4% for male and 26.6% for female. This rate in urban areas; was 43.8% for total, 68.9% for male and 18.5% for female. In rural areas; it was 55.5% for total, 72.9% for male and 39% for female. Geographical Regions When the labour force participation rate was examined by regions, the highest rate was estimated to be 61.8% in Black Sea Region and the lowest rate was estimated to be 42% in Central Anatolia Region. While the highest LFPR for male was estimated to be 75.1% in Southeast Anatolia Region, the lowest rate was estimated to be 66.6% in Aegean Region. The highest rate for female was 50.2% in Black Sea Region and the lowest rate was 17.9% in Central Anatolia Region. In the year 2003, the highest labour force participation rate was in Black Sea Region with 61.8%. While the highest LFPR for male in urban areas was emerged in Southeast Anatolia with 74.5%, the lowest LFPR was emerged in Aegean Region with 64.5%. In urban areas the highest LFPR for female was emerged in Black Sea Region with 23.7% and the lowest LFPR was emerged in Southeast Anatolia Region with 7.5%. While the highest LFPR for male in rural areas was emerged in Black Sea Region with 77.7%, the lowest LFPR was emerged in Central Anatolia Region and East Anatolia Region with 68.1%. In rural areas the highest LFPR for female was emerged in Black Sea Region with 66 2% and the lowest LFPR was emerged in Central Anatolia Region with 21 3%

8 Black Sea Region with 66.2% and the lowest LFPR was emerged in Central Anatolia Region with 21.3%. Selected Nine Province Centers Among the selected nine province centers, Bursa had the highest LFPR with 48.9% and Erzurum had the lowest LFPR with 32.9%. Gaziantep had the highest LFPR with 74.2% for male. Bursa had the highest LFPR with 27.9% for female. The lowest LFPR for male were emerged in İzmir with 58.5% and was 6.7% for female in Gaziantep. Among the selected nine province centers, the highest labour force participation rate was in Bursa with 48.9%. EMPLOYMENT Turkey Total employment was estimated to be 21 million 147 thousand persons according to the results of 2003 HLFS. While 15 million 256 thousand persons of them was male, 5 million 891 thousand persons was female. The employment rate was 43.2% for whole Turkey, 37.7% for urban areas and 51.9% for rural areas. In the year 2003, when the distribution of employment was examined in four main sectors; agriculture, industry, construction and services, the share of these sectors in total employment was 33.9%, 18.2%, 4.6% and 43.4% respectively. In Turkey, 7 million 165 thousand persons were employed in agriculture sector. 50.9% of them (3 million 646 thousand persons) were unpaid family workers. 75.3% of the unpaid family workers in agricultural sector (2 million 747 thousand persons) were female (Tables 4, 5, 6). Geographical Regions 27.6% of the employed persons were residing in Marmara region in Turkey. When the distribution of employment was examined by sex, 28.8% of employed male was in Marmara Region and 25.7% of employed women was in Black Sea Region.

9 In the year 2003, the highest employment rate was in Black Sea with 58.9%. The highest employment rate was emerged in Black Sea Region with 58.9%. This was followed by Marmara Region with 43.2%, East Anatolia Region with 43%, Mediterranean Region with 42.1%, Aegean Region with 40.4% respectively. When the distribution of employment by region was examined in four main sectors; agriculture, industry, construction and services, the regions having the highest employed person in agriculture were Black Sea Region with 61% and East Anatolia Region with 53.2%. The regions having the highest employed persons in industry were Marmara Regions with 31.5% and Aegean Region with 19%. The regions having the highest employed persons in construction were Central Anatolia Region with 7% and Marmara Region with 4.9%. The regions having the highest employed persons in services were Central Anatolia Region with 55.2% and Marmara with 49.4%. Selected Nine Province Centers When the employed persons were examined by selected province centers; the highest employment was 2 million 544 thousand persons in Istanbul, the lowest employment was 69 thousand persons in Erzurum. The province center having the highest employment rate was Antalya with 43.1%, and the province center having the lowest employment rate was Adana with 28.6%. When the share of employed persons in agriculture, industry, construction and services sectors to total employment was examined, the highest employment was in services sector except for Bursa and the lowest employment was in agriculture sector among all selected province centers except for Antalya and Bursa. The province center had the highest employment in industry sector was Bursa with 45.4%. This was followed by Gaziantep with 41.9% and İstanbul with 33.1% respectively (Table 8). UNEMPLOYMENT Turkey The number of unemployed persons was estimated to be 2 million 493 thousand persons, and the unemployment rate was estimated to be 10.5% for Turkey as a whole.

10 When the unemployment rate was examined by sex it was 10.7% for male and 10.1% for female. The unemployment rate for urban areas was estimated to be 13.8% for total, 12.6% for male and 18.3% for female. In rural areas, this rate was estimated to be 6.5% for total, 7.9% for male and 4.2% for female. In the year 2003, the annual unemployment rate of educated young people was estimated to be 27.8% for Turkey. In the year 2003, the unemployment rate of educated young people was estimated to be 27.8% for Turkey. The unemployment rate of the educated young people in urban areas was 29.7% and 22.9% in rural areas. Geographical Regions In the year 2003, the region having the highest unemployment rate was Southeast Anatolia with 21.6% and the region having the lowest unemployment rate was Black Sea with 4.8%. When the unemployment rate in regions was examined by sex, although the unemployment rate was higher for female in Marmara, Central Anatolia and Southeast Anatolia Regions according to male, this rate was higher for male in Aegean, Mediterranean, Black Sea and East Anatolia Regions to female. The highest unemployment rate was in Southeast Anatolia region with 23% within urban areas and with 20.1% within rural areas. In the year 2003, the region, which had the highest unemployment rate of educated young people, was Southeast Anatolia with 45.2%. The region, which had the highest unemployment rate of educated young people, was Southeast Anatolia with 45.2% for total, with 39.9% for urban areas and with 63.1% for rural areas. The regions having the lowest unemployment rate of educated young people were Marmara and East Anatolia with 25.4% for total, Marmara with 26.3% for urban areas, and East Anatolia with 17% for rural areas. Selected Nine Province Centers The province centers having the highest unemployment rate among selected nine province centers was Gaziantep

11 with 20.3%, and the province has the lowest unemployment rate was Antalya with 10%. Among the selected nine province centers, the province having the highest unemployment rate of educated young people was İzmir with 36.9 %. When the unemployment rate of province centers was examined by sex, Gaziantep had the highest unemployment rate for male with %19.9 and for female with 25.2%.

12 %70 %60 %50 %40 %30 %20 %10 %0 Graphic 1. The labour force participation, employment, unemployment rate by geographical regions, 2003 Turkey Marmara Aegean Mediterranean Central Anatolia Black Sea East Anatolia Southeast Anatolia Labour force participation rate Employment rate Unemployment rate

13 %70 %60 %50 %40 Graphic 2.The employment rate by geographical regions and branch of economic activity, 2003 %30 %20 %10 %0 Marmara Aegean Mediterranean Central Anatolia Black Sea East Anatolia Southeast Anatolia A griculture Industry Construction Services

14 %30 Graphic 3. The unemployment rate by geographical regions and educational status, 2003 %20 %10 %0 Turkey Marmara Aegean Mediteranean Central Anatolia Black Sea East Anatolia Southeast Anatolia Lower high school High school Upper high school

15 Mediter- Central East Southeast TURKEY Marmara Aegean ranean Anatolia Black Sea Anatolia Anatolia 15 YEARS OLD AND OVER POPULATION (In Thousant) LABOUR FORCE (In Thousant) EMPLOYMENT PERSON (In thousand) UNEMPLOYMENT PERSON (In Thousand) BASIC INDICATORS OF HOUSEHOLD LABOUR FORCE SURVEY, LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) EMPLOYMEN RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated Youth (1) UNDEREMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated Youth (1) (1) High school or more educated people within age group. GEOGRAPHICAL REGION

16 GENERAL EXPLANATION ON HOUSEHOLD LABOUR FORCE SURVEY History Since the first five-year development plan, information on the economically active population and its components, although on a limited basis, had been periodically collected in Turkey through population census, which were conducted every five years. Since 1966, additional data had been obtained on the basis of labour force survey between the census years. However, data gathered with the labour force survey, remained fragmentary and could not be easily compared across time because of differences in questionnaire, geographical coverage, definitions and concepts until the end of year In 1988, the survey was re-designed to measure labour force improvement through time and to supply international comparability of data, using the latest international standards (ILO, Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians, 1982) concerning statistics on the economically active population, employment, unemployment and underemployment. The aims of Household Labour Force Surveys are preparing the questionnaire and the tabulation plan to view labour market in different aspects, ending the concepts chaos in labour market and constructing the definitions to collect figures, which are internationally comparable. For this reason the basic concepts and definitions accepted in the Thirteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians have been used in the Household Labour Force Surveys which had been conducted since October In this series, the last week of April and October starting with Monday and ending with Sunday was taken as the reference week and survey was applied in the fifteen days following the reference week. The results of the surveys have been published by Turkey, urban and rural areas. While the total of 11,160 sample households were interviewed with the method of substitution in each application of HLFS from October 1988 to April 1994, the sample design was changed in the October 1994 HLFS application. Beginning with this application, substitution method was given up and the number of sample household was increased to about

17 In 1999, the survey was evaluated and re-designed in the meeting with the participation of national and international experts. In this direction, in the year 2000, application frequency, sample size, estimation dimension, questionnaire and some other aspects of HLFS were changed. These changes were made taking into account the need of making comparisons with the existent series. It is aimed to increase the sensibility of estimations of the survey with the new design. The sampling size was increased to household and was used firstly in October 1999 HLFS application. Since the year 2000, the sampling size has been about household in period. Selected households are visited four times within the sixteen months with the new sampling design. Consequently, it would be possible to observe activities of household members in time and to measure effects of economic developments on household members. For this aim, some questions were added to the HLFS questionnaire. Another change in the questionnaire was about informal sector employment. The share of employed persons in informal sector to total employment is increasing in Turkey. Questions about domestic workers, legal status of workplace, and type of taxation were added to the HLFS questionnaire in order to determine regular information on informal sector. In addition, a question about time for seeking job by using any active method which is one of the unemployment criteria was added to the questionnaire in order to calculate the number of alternative unemployed. Since the year 2000, the fixed reference period was given up and the seven days preceding the application day of the HLFS have been used as the reference period. In the new series, the field application of the survey is initiated on the 8th day of each month. Another change in the new series was about the age criterion used in the survey results. From the beginning of the year 2000, the results of the survey have been given for the population 15 years old and over instead of 12 years old and over. In addition, since 2000, the economic activities of employed persons and persons who had worked before, have been classified according to the International Standard Industry Classification 1990, Rev.3 and since 2001 the occupations of them have been classified according to the International Standard Classification of Occupation 1988 (For more information see 2001 Household Labour Force Survey Concepts and Methods, SIS ).

18 Weighting Up to 1990, General Population Census results, for 1991 and after 1990 General Population Census and 1997 Population Count results, were used for weighting of HLFS results. The necessity of the revision of HLFS results according to the population projection has been inevitable because of the detailed results of 2000 General Population Census have been available and also there are important differences between the results of 2000 General Population Census and 1997 Population Count by the detail of age and rural-urban distribution. Another reason of differences in total population is being used the different hypothesis in population projections. The most important difference emerged in the rural population when used projections based on 2000 General Population Census results. In this press release, revised results are given. It has been considered that the revised results of HLFS should be used after now on. Because 1997 Population Count was not a census and just applied for the purpose of election, it has some disadvantages. Moreover 2000 General Population Census gives the most current results and reflects the demographic structure of Turkey in a better way. The revised results of HLFS belong to period will not be published, but it would be possible to reach these results through Household Labour Force Database existing in the SIS web site. The new sample design of HLFS has been designed to give estimations on the level of Turkey, urban, rural, seven geographic regions, (total, urban, rural) and selected nine province centers (Adana, Ankara, Antalya, Bursa, Erzurum, Gaziantep, İstanbul, İzmir, Samsun). According to this design, the annual data set was consisted by combining the data set of four rounds. The yearly estimation results of HLFS were re-weighted by using mid-year population Projections. Sample size and non-response rate According to the press release of 2002 HLFS, the estimation results were given for Turkey, urban, rural seven geographic regions and selected nine province center because of the sufficient sample size. A total of sample households, of which from about 163 urban areas and of which from about 289 rural areas were used in the data set of households were interviewed and for households non response forms were filled in due to the reasons like rejection, not being at home, lack of communication etc.

19 In the year 2003, the annual non-response rate was 7.2% in rural areas, 12.4% in urban areas, and 11.2% for whole Turkey.

20 CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS In a defined time period (reference period) population above the certain age are composed of three basic groups in terms of labour force; employed, unemployed and not in labour force. Labour force is made up of employed and unemployed persons. These are summarised as follows; WORKING AGE POPULATION = LABOUR FORCE + NOT IN LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE = EMPLOYED + UNEMPLOYED HOUSEHOLD: One person or group of persons with or without a family relationship who live in the same house or in the same part of the house, who share their meals, earnings and expenditures and who take part in the management of the household and who render services to the household. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION: Comprises all the population excluding aliens, the residents of schools, dormitories, kindergartens, rest homes for elderly persons, special hospitals, military barracks and recreation quarters for officers. NON-INSTITUTIONAL WORKING AGE POPULATION: Indicates the population 15 years of age and over within the non-institutional civilian population. CIVILIAN LABOUR FORCE: Comprises all employed persons and all unemployed persons defined in below. LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE: Indicates the ratio of the labour force to the population 15 years of age and over. EMPLOYED: Comprises all the persons 15 years of age and over and included in the Persons at work and not at work described below. Persons at work: Persons economically active during the reference period for at least one hour as a regular employee, casual employee, employer, self employed or unpaid

21 Persons not at work: Persons with a job who did not work during the reference period for various reasons but have a job attachment. The members of producer cooperatives and unpaid apprentices in training are considered to be employed. EMPLOYMENT RATE: Is the ratio of employed persons to the population 15 years of age INFORMAL SECTOR: Informal sector is defined as all non-agricultural economic units which are unincorporated (establishments whose legal position is individual ownership or simple partnership), paying lump sum tax, or no tax at all and working with 1-9 engaged persons. UNEMPLOYED: The unemployed comprises all persons 15 years of age and over who were not employed (neither worked for profit, payment in kind or family gain at any job even for one hour, who have no job attachment) during the reference period and have used at least one channels for seeking a job during the last three months and were available to start work within 15 days. Persons who have already found a job or established his/her own job but were waiting to complete necessary documents to start work and who were available to start work within 15 days were also considered to be unemployed. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE: Is the ratio of unemployed persons to the labour force. UNDEREMPLOYMENT: Underemployment is measured in two distinct groups in the survey: a) Visible Underemployment: Persons who work less than 40 hours because of economic reasons during the reference period and are able to work more at their present job or are capable of doing a further job. Economic reasons: i) Slack work for technical or economic reasons, ii) There was no work, iii) Could not find full-time job,

22 iv) The job has just started or has come to an end during the last week. b) Other: Persons who are not in the above group and want to change his/her present job or are seeking a further job because of an insufficient income or because of not working in his/her usual occupation. PERSONS NOT IN LABOUR FORCE: Includes persons who are neither unemployed nor employed and 15 years of age and over. The persons not in labour force consist of the following sub-groups; 1) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months: These are the persons sought a job and available to start working within the fifteen days but who did not use any channel for seeking a job within the last three months. 2) Available to start a job but not actively seeking: Discouraged workers: These are the persons who are available to start a job but are not seeking a job because of not knowing where to search, or who believe no job is available for him/her in the region. Other: These are the persons who are not seeking a job for reasons such as being seasonal workers, housewives, students, property income earners, retired, or disabled. 3) Seasonal workers: Persons not seeking a job or who are not available for work because of being seasonal workers. 4) Housewives: Persons not seeking a job or who are not available for work because of household duties. 5) Student: Persons not seeking a job or who are not available for work because of attending school or engagement in studies. 6) Retired persons: Persons not seeking a job or who are not available for work because of being retired. 7) Having property income: Persons not seeking a job or who are not available for work because of

23 having property income. 8) Disabled, old or ill: Persons not seeking a job or who are not available for work because of being disabled ill or elderly. 9) Other: Persons not seeking a job or who are not available for work because of family or personal reasons or other reasons. URBAN AREAS: Settlements with a population of and over are defined as urban. RURAL AREAS: Settlements with a population of or less are defined as rural. REFERENCE PERIOD: The seven days preceding the application day of the survey was used as the reference period.

24 TABLE 1- NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION BY LABOUR FORCE STATUS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS, ( URBAN+RURAL ) POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE STATUS ANNUAL Marmara Aegean Mediterranean TOTAL 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) MALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%)

25 6. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) FEMALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) EDUCATED YOUTH POPULATION: High school or more educational people within age group. NOTE: 1) Total numbers can not be correct due to rounding of the numbers. 2) Sample size is too small for reliable stimates for figures less than two thousand persons in each cell. 3) (-) Denotes magnitude nil 4) (0) Observation value is less than 500 persons. TABLE 1- NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION BY LABOUR FORCE STATUS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS, (CONTINUED) (URBAN+RURAL) POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE STATUS Central Anatolia Black Sea East Anatolia Southeast Anatolia TOTAL

26 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) MALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers

27 5. LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) FEMALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) EDUCATED YOUTH POPULATION: High school or more educational people within age group. NOTE: 1) Total numbers can not be correct due to rounding of the numbers. 2) Sample size is too small for reliable stimates for figures less than two thousand persons in each cell. 3) (-) Denotes magnitude nil 4) (0) Observation value is less than 500 persons.

28 TABLE 2- NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION BY LABOUR FORCE STATUS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS, ( URBAN) POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE STATUS ANNUAL Marmara Aegean Mediterranean TOTAL 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) MALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged

29 Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) FEMALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) EDUCATED YOUTH POPULATION: High school or more educational people within age group. NOTE: 1) Total numbers can not be correct due to rounding of the numbers. 2) Sample size is too small for reliable stimates for figures less than two thousand persons in each cell. 3) (-) Denotes magnitude nil 4) (0) Observation value is less than 500 persons. TABLE 2- NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION BY LABOUR FORCE STATUS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS, (CONTINUED) (URBAN) POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE STATUS Central Anatolia Black Sea East Anatolia Southeast Anatolia

30 TOTAL 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) MALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in

31 the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) FEMALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%)

32 EDUCATED YOUTH POPULATION: High school or more educational people within age group. NOTE: 1) Total numbers can not be correct due to rounding of the numbers. 2) Sample size is too small for reliable stimates for figures less than two thousand persons in each cell. 3) (-) Denotes magnitude nil 4) (0) Observation value is less than 500 persons.

33 TABLE 3- NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION BY LABOUR FORCE STATUS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS, ( RURAL ) POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE STATUS ANNUAL Marmara Aegean Mediterranean TOTAL 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) MALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged

34 Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) FEMALE 1. NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION ('000) POPULATION 15 YEARS AND OVER ('000) LABOUR FORCE ('000) Employed Underemployed Unemployed NOT IN LABOUR FORCE ('000) Sought a job, but not using the channel in the last three months Available for work but not seeking a job Discouraged Other Seasonal workers LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (%) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) Educated youth rate (%) THE RATIO OF UNDEREMPLOYED PERSONS TO LABOUR FORCE (%) Educated youth rate (%) EDUCATED YOUTH POPULATION: High school or more educational people within age group. NOTE: 1) Total numbers can not be correct due to rounding of the numbers. 2) Sample size is too small for reliable stimates for figures less than two thousand persons in each cell. 3) (-) Denotes magnitude nil 4) (0) Observation value is less than 500 persons. TABLE 3- NON-INSTITUTIONAL CIVILIAN POPULATION BY LABOUR FORCE STATUS AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS, (CONTINUED) (RURAL) POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE STATUS Central Anatolia Black Sea East Anatolia Southeast Anatolia