ITEM 11b PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON CULTURE

Transcription

1 EUROPEAN COMMISSION EUROSTAT Directorate F: Social statistics Unit F-1: Social indicators - methodology and development; relations with users Doc. CS/2016/November/11b ITEM 11b PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON CULTURE MEETING OF THE WORKING GROUP ON CULTURE STATISTICS LUXEMBOURG, NOVEMBER 2016 BECH BUILDING - ROOM QUETELET

2 Contents Purpose of the document Data on public expenditure on culture at Eurostat Coverage of the cultural domain by COFOG Available data... 3 Conclusions... 4 Annex: Detailed description of COFOG division 08 - " culture and religion"... 5 Public expenditure on culture (CS/2016/November/11a) 1

3 Purpose of the document In an attempt to enlarge the areas covered by cultural statistics, Eurostat analysed available data regarding public (government) expenditure. This paper reports the results of that investigation. The Working Group participants are asked to: take note of the available data at Eurostat (and their limitations); exchange national experiences with statistics on public expenditure on culture. 1. Data on public expenditure on culture at Eurostat Harmonised data on government expenditure are managed at Eurostat by the Unit D4. Government expenditure is classified by function (COFOG UN Classification of Functions of Government, last version issued in 1999) and broken down by type of expenditure on the basis of ESA 2010 transactions (e.g. compensation of employees, subsidies, intermediate consumption, etc.). The general government sector comprises four sub-sectors: central government, state government, local government and social security funds. Figures are provided in million euros and national currency, euro per inhabitant, percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) and percentage of total expenditure. In terms of geographical coverage, Eurostat data are available for the EU Member States, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. Data are available from 2004 onwards. In March 2016, our colleagues from the unit D4 have published an article type "Statistics explained" on "Government expenditure on recreation, religion" 2. Coverage of the cultural domain by COFOG The extent to which the cultural field can be accurately captured by public expenditure statistics primarily depends on the granularity of the COFOG classification. This classification is hierarchically organised by divisions (2 digits) and sub-divisions called groups (3 digits), themselves divided further into classes (4 digits). One division of COFOG is devoted to culture, but not exclusively to culture: 08 religion. This division is made up of six groups, of which two are purely related to culture: Recreational and sporting Cultural Broadcasting and publishing Religious and other community Public expenditure on culture (CS/2016/November/11a) 2

4 R&D religion religion n.e.c. A detailed description of this division and groups is provided in the annex, based on the explanatory notes provided by the UN. Groups 08.2 and 08.3 may be considered as "fully cultural" while 08.5 and 08.6 are partly cultural, encompassing also recreational and religious components. It should be noted that cultural (08.2) do not include national, regional or local celebrations intended chiefly to attract tourists, even though publicly subsidised. 3. Available data Tables 1 below shows that detailed data for COFOG groups are available for most countries. At EU level, 2.1% of total public expenditure is devoted to recreation, religion, of which the biggest part (nearly half) goes to cultural, and one third to recreational and sporting. Table 1: Government expenditure on recreation, religion, as a percentage of total government expenditure, 2014 GF 08: religion GF 08.1: Recreational and sporting GF 08.2: Cultural GF 08.3: Broadcasting and publishing GF 08.4: Religious and other community GF 08.5: R&D religion GF 08.6: religion n.e.c. EU p 0.7 p 1.0 p 0.2 p 0.1 p : : BE BG : z : CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES 2.6 p 0.8 p 1 p 0.5 p 0.2 p 0 p 0 p FR HR IT CY LV LT p 1.7 p 0.2 p 0.1 p : z 0.1 p LU p 1.2 p 0.3 p 0.3 p 0 p 0 p HU MT NL 3.2 p 1.1 p 1 p 0.3 p 0.2 p 0.1 p 0.5 p AT PL Public expenditure on culture (CS/2016/November/11a) 3

5 GF 08: religion GF 08.1: Recreational and sporting GF 08.2: Cultural GF 08.3: Broadcasting and publishing GF 08.4: Religious and other community GF 08.5: R&D religion GF 08.6: religion n.e.c. PT RO SI SK p 1.2 p 0.4 p 0.2 p 0 p 0 p FI SE UK : IS NO CH 2.4 p : : : : : : p: provisional data ; z: not applicable Conclusions The COFOG classification allows for reporting figures specifically related to culture such as cultural (08.2 code) which include: provision of cultural ; administration of cultural affairs; supervision, regulation, operation and support of cultural facilities (libraries, museums, art galleries, theatres, exhibition halls, monuments, historic houses and sites, zoological and botanical gardens, aquaria, arboreta, etc.), as well as production, operation or support of cultural events (concerts, stage and film productions, art shows, etc.) and grants, loans or subsidies to support individual artists. Combined with the code 08.3 (broadcasting and publishing ), both groups encompass a large part of culture-related government expenditure. However, some specific facets such as research and experimental development related to "not elsewhere classified" (e.g. administration, operation or support of activities such as formulation, administration, coordination and monitoring of overall policies, plans, programmes and budgets for the promotion of culture, production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on culture) are not distinguishable from recreational and religious components. More analysis should be done to assess the comparability of data on public expenditure on culture between countries, especially in different COFOG groups. Another issue concerns the possible "disaggregation" of these data to distinguish public expenditure on specific purposes, e.g. preservation of the cultural heritage as required for the SDG indicator 'Total expenditure (public and private) per capita dedicated to the preservation, protection and conservation of all cultural and/or natural heritage' (this topic will be treated in item 6 of the WG agenda). Public expenditure on culture (CS/2016/November/11a) 4

6 Annex: Detailed description of COFOG division 08 - " religion" Government outlays on recreation, religion include expenditures on provided to individual persons and households and expenditures on provided on a collective basis. Individual expenditures are allocated to groups (08.1) and (08.2); expenditures on collective are assigned to groups (08.3) to (08.6). Collective are provided to the community as a whole. They include activities such as formulation and administration of government policy; formulation and enforcement of legislation and standards for providing recreational and cultural ; and applied research and experimental development into recreational, cultural and religious affairs and. Class: Recreational and sporting (IS) - Provision of sporting and recreational ; administration of sporting and recreational affairs; supervision and regulation of sporting facilities; - operation or support of facilities for active sporting pursuits or events (playing fields, tennis courts, squash courts, running tracks, golf courses, boxing rings, skating rinks, gymnasia, etc.); operation or support of facilities for passive sporting pursuits or events (chiefly specially equipped venues for playing cards, board games, etc.); operation or support of facilities for recreational pursuits (parks, beaches, camping grounds and associated lodging places furnished on a non-commercial basis, swimming pools, public baths for washing, etc.); - grants, loans or subsidies to support teams or individual competitors or players. Includes: facilities for spectator accommodation; national, regional or local team representation in sporting events. Excludes: zoological or botanical gardens, aquaria, arboreta and similar institutions (08.2.0); sporting and recreational facilities associated with educational institutions (classified to the appropriate class of Division 09). Class: Cultural (IS) - Provision of cultural ; administration of cultural affairs; supervision and regulation of cultural facilities; - operation or support of facilities for cultural pursuits (libraries, museums, art galleries, theatres, exhibition halls, monuments, historic houses and sites, zoological and botanical gardens, aquaria, arboreta, etc.); production, operation or support of cultural events (concerts, stage and film productions, art shows, etc.); - grants, loans or subsidies to support individual artists, writers, designers, composers and others working in the arts or to organizations engaged in promoting cultural activities. Public expenditure on culture (CS/2016/November/11a) 5

7 Includes: national, regional or local celebrations provided they are not intended chiefly to attract tourists. Excludes: cultural events intended for presentation beyond national boundaries (01.1.3); national, regional or local celebrations intended chiefly to attract tourists (04.7.3); production of cultural material intended for distribution by broadcasting (08.3.0). Class: Broadcasting and publishing (CS) - Administration of broadcasting and publishing affairs; supervision and regulation of broadcasting and publishing ; - operation or support of broadcasting and publishing ; - grants, loans or subsidies to support: the construction or acquisition of facilities for television or radio broadcasting; the construction or acquisition of plant, equipment or materials for newspaper, magazine or book publishing; the production of material for, and its presentation by, broadcasting; the gathering of news or other information; the distribution of published works. Excludes: government printing offices and plants (01.3.3); provision of education by radio or television broadcasting (09). Class: Religious and other community (CS) - Administration of religious and other community affairs; - provision of facilities for religious and other community, including support for their operation, maintenance and repair; - payment of clergy or other officers of religious institutions; support for the holding of religious ; grants, loans or subsidies to support fraternal, civic, youth and social organizations or labour unions and political parties. Class: R&D religion (CS) - Administration and operation of government agencies engaged in applied research and experimental development related to recreation, religion; - grants, loans and subsidies to support applied research and experimental development related to recreation, religion undertaken by non-government bodies such as research institutes and universities. Excludes: basic research (01.4.0). Class: religion n.e.c. (CS) - Administration, operation or support of activities such as formulation, administration, coordination and monitoring of overall policies, plans, programmes and budgets for the promotion of sport, recreation, religion; preparation and enforcement of legislation and standards for the provision of recreational and cultural ; Public expenditure on culture (CS/2016/November/11a) 6

8 production and dissemination of general information, technical documentation and statistics on recreation, cultural and religion. Includes: affairs and relating to recreation, religion that cannot be assigned to (08.1), (08.2), (08.3), (08.4) or (08.5). Public expenditure on culture (CS/2016/November/11a) 7