TD Economics. The Weekly Bottom Line. Highlights of the Week. May 4, United States. Canada.

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1 TD Economics The Weekly Bottom Line May 4, 2018 Highlights of the Week United States Investors were kept busy this week with plenty of top-tier data, both internationally and domestically, alongside a Fed meeting mid-week. International PMIs suggested some slowing in global economies, largely related to trade tensions. U.S. PMIs also pulled-back, but other data was far more constructive. Consumer spending accelerated to 0.4% in March, setting the second quarter on a solid growth path, which should come in near 3%. Firming inflation was the main story this week, with the PCE deflator (and core measure) accelerating to % and 1.9%, respectively. The Fed has taken notice of this, indicating in the statement a more confident view of the inflation outlook. This should enable the Fed to raise rates at least twice more this year, with three hikes likely during Canada Economic data released this week was a mixed bag. On the plus side, GDP growth topped expectations in February. However, merchandise trade data for March confirmed that net trade is likely to be a drag on Q1 growth. Home sales in April dropped in Toronto, while bouncing higher in Vancouver, though quality adjusted prices declined in both markets. Looking ahead, it will likely be some time before a sustained improvement emerges in either market. In a mid-week speech, Governor Poloz continued to flag elevated debt as a key risk to growth, though remained optimistic on the broader economic outlook. With growth advancing largely as expected, we continue to believe the next rate hike will come in July. THIS WEEK IN THE MARKETS Current* Week Ago Stock Market Indexes 52-Week High 52-Week Low S&P S&P/TSX Comp DAX FTSE Nikkei Fixed Income Yields U.S. 10-yr Treasury Canada 10-yr Bond Germany 10-yr Bund UK 10-yr Gilt Japan 10-yr Bond Foreign Exchange Cross Rates C$ (USD per CAD) Euro (USD per EUR) Pound (USD per GBP) Yen (JPY per USD) Commodity Spot Prices** Crude Oil ($US/bbl) Natural Gas ($US/MMBtu) Copper ($US/met. tonne) Gold ($US/troy oz.) *as of 10:08 am on Friday. **Oil-WTI, Cushing, Nat. Gas-Henry Hub, LA (Thursday close price), Copper-LME Grade A, Gold-London Gold Bullion; Source: Bloomberg. S&P/TSX S&P 500 DAX USD:EUR USD:JPY USD:CAD DXY WTI GLOBAL OFFICIAL POLICY RATE TARGETS Federal Reserve (Fed Funds Rate) Bank of Canada (Overnight Rate) European Central Bank (Refi Rate) Bank of England (Repo Rate) Bank of Japan (Overnight Rate) Source: Central Banks Note: Data as of May 4,11:30 AM ET. Sources: Bloomberg, TD Economics U.S. DOLLAR STRENGTH WEIGHS ON DOMESTIC EQUITIES Weekly % Change Current Target % 1.25% 0% 0.50% -0.10%

2 2 U.S. - Fed Increasingly Confident On Inflation Outlook The start of May has been busy for investors with a midweek Fed rate decision and plenty of economic data to sift through. Domestic data generally outperformed, sending the U.S. dollar and rates higher, but yields pulled back a touch towards Friday. Higher dollar and rates weighed on U.S. equities, while international stocks saw some upward movement on lower yields and exchange rates related to somewhat weaker data. Year/Year % Change CHART 2: INFLATION HAS FIRMED International data this week revealed that economic momentum continued to slow in April. The most recent international PMIs softened somewhat, however much of the softness can likely be attributed to heightened trade uncertainty. Protectionist themes and tariffs have been making headlines on a regular basis, denting business confidence and stifling expansion plans. For instance, this week the Trump administration doubled down on demands for China to reduce its trade surplus with the U.S. by $200 billion. Most critically, domestic businesses appear unable to escape the rising tide of trade protectionism. Both the manufacturing and non-manufacturing ISM indices pulled back 2 points apiece in April. However, they remain near cycle highs, and are indicative of ongoing healthy pace of growth. Other domestic data confirms that growth remains solid despite the downside risks. Personal income rose by a healthy 0.3% in March, while consumer spending rose 0.4%, consistent with the narrative of tax cuts and rising jobs and wages motivating Americans to shop. A rebound CHART 1: AFTER A TWO MONTH HIBERNATION, THE CONSUMER IS BACK Month/Month % Change (Annualized) PCE (Real) -4.0 Jan-17 Apr-17 Jul-17 Oct-17 Jan-18 Source: BEA, TD Economics PCE (Nominal) PCE deflator Core PCE Deflator Avg. Hrly. Wages Source: BEA, BLS, TD Economics in spending in the second quarter supports an outlook that sees economic activity expanding around 3%, a trend that we anticipate to hold through the end of the year. The persistence of strong, above-trend growth is driving price pressures higher. Inflation strengthened in March, reaching 2% according to the PCE deflator (the Fed s preferred measure). The core PCE deflator (which strips out the most volatile components) also strengthened to 1.9%, just a hair below the FOMC target of 2%. The Fed took notice of this data during their meeting this week. Although it kept rates on hold, some notable changes to the wording were made. All told, the Fed s confidence regarding inflation and its outlook should provide it with the conviction to keep moving rates higher, assuming wage and prices rise as expected. This morning s payroll report for April was consistent with this view despite the headline miss. Although wage growth slowed a touch, the drop in the unemployment rate to a 17-year low of 3.9% suggests that wage and price pressures should continue to gradually build. Ultimately, inflation holding near target is consistent with our call for two more rate hikes from the Fed this year, with the next hike likely coming in June. That said, it s not outof-the question that the Committee raises rates by another 75 basis points this year. This gradual pace of tightening should help minimize the risk of slowing activity too quickly and resulting in a recession, something the FOMC officials are keenly trying to avoid. Michael Dolega, Senior Economist

3 3 Canada Economic Data A Mixed Bag For Growth It was an eventful week on the Canadian economic calendar, with several key data releases and a speech by Governor Poloz leaving markets with plenty to ponder. The Canadian dollar trended sideways during the week despite the competing forces of a solid GDP report, comments concerning household debt by the Bank of Canada Governor and a widening trade deficit. Both the TSX and bond yields were broadly unchanged, with the latter holding near multi-year highs. Economic data released this week was somewhat of a mixed bag. On the positive side, GDP growth topped expectations in February, rising 0.4% in the month. Goods sector output advanced at a solid rate, though part of the story was normalizing oil production after one-off disruptions at some facilities in January. Still, the broad-based gain in goods-producing industries was encouraging. Output increased at a much slower rate on the services side, as a large decline in the real estate sector partially offset growth in other services industries. All told, the majority of industries recorded higher output in the month, suggesting healthy underlying momentum (Chart 1). Though GDP growth rebounded strongly in February, other more forward-looking indicators sent mixed signals. For starters, April home sales dropped in Toronto while bouncing higher in Vancouver. Declining activity in Toronto is somewhat disappointing, as signs of stabilization had emerged recently. In contrast, the increase in activity in Vancouver is encouraging, though given the array of actions taken by the B.C. government to cool activity earlier in the year some additional downside to sales could Mining/Oil etc. CHART 1: OUTPUT INCREASED ACROSS MOST INDUSTRIES IN FEBRUARY Month/Month Change, % Arts/Enter/Rec Manuf Const Prof/Sci/Tech Transp/Ware Ag Finance Info/Culture Health Public Admin Educ Manage/Admin Accom / Food Trade Real Estate Other Services Utilities CHART 2: MOMENTUM SUPPORTIVE OF 18Q2 REBOUND IN EXPORTS Month/Month % Change, Chained $2007 Imports Exports Oct-17 Nov-17 Dec-17 Jan-18 Feb-18 Mar-18 Source: Statistics Canada, TD Economics manifest in coming months. Looking ahead, it will likely be some time before a sustained improvement in activity emerges in either market. Merchandise trade data pointed to net trade being a drag on growth both in March and the first quarter overall. However, details of the report were more encouraging. Although the notable increase in exports was offset by a surge in imports, the latter likely reflects healthy domestic demand (Chart 2). As such, some of the gain in imports should show up in support of domestic demand for the first quarter, offsetting the drag from trade. All told, the data suggests that the Canadian economy continues to hum along as expected, with growth expected to pick up in the second quarter after two consecutive quarters of near-trend performance. As such, we believe that the Bank of Canada will move rates higher in July, which affords policymakers sufficient time to monitor wage and inflation dynamics and gauge the sensitivity of the economy to rising borrowing costs. On that note, Governor Poloz delivered a speech this week focused on the threat that elevated debt levels poses to the economy. The Governor noted that debt remains at a record high relative to income, and that pockets of even greater vulnerability exist beneath the aggregate statistics. Despite the notable downside risk this poses to the economic outlook, he ended his speech by confidently reiterating that the economic outlook is quite good and that policymakers can manage these risks successfully. Source: Statistics Canada, TD Economics Rishi Sondhi, Economist

4 4 U.S.: Upcoming Key Economic Releases U.S. Consumer Price Index - April* Release Date: May 10, 2018 Previous Result: -0.1% m/m, core 0.2% m/m TD Forecast: 0.3% m/m, core 0.2% m/m Consensus: 0.3% m/m, core 0.2% m/m We expect headline CPI inflation to accelerate further to 2.5% y/y in April, with prices up 0.3% m/m on a seasonally adjusted basis. Gasoline prices will lend a strong boost while we expect food prices to pick up after a relatively weak showing in the prior two months. Outside of food and energy, we look for a solid 0.2% m/m print, driving core inflation higher to 2.2%. This assumes some recovery in core goods prices which fell on balance in March and continued strength in services, underpinned by shelter and medical care services Year/Year % Change. U.S. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) CPI Core CPI -0.5 Mar-17 May-17 Jul-17 Sep-17 Nov-17 Jan-18 Mar-18 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Haver Analytics, TD Economics. *Forecast by Rates and FX Strategy Group. For further information, contact TDRates&FXCommoditiesResearch@tdsecurities.com

5 5 Canada: Upcoming Key Economic Releases Canadian Employment - April* CANADIAN LABOUR MARKET* Release Date: May 11, Thousands of Jobs % 8.0 Previous Result: 32k, unemployment rate: 5.8% TD Forecast: TD Forecast: 25k, unemployment rate: 5.8% Consensus: 19k, unemployment rate: 5.8% Net Job Change (lhs) TD looks for the economy to add 25k jobs in April with job growth tilted towards full-time workers. While fulltime employment has seen significant gains over the last year, its share of total employment remains below precrisis levels and has room to rise. April is also one of the strongest months for full-time job growth, outperforming part-time by nearly 30k on average since the crisis. Meanwhile, wages should see an uptick to 3.3% y/y on positive base-effects, matching the seven-year high and in line with the latest SEPH data. We also expect the unemployment rate to hold at the cycle low of 5.8%, with risks tilted towards an improvement to 5.7% Aug-16 Dec-16 Apr-17 Aug-17 Dec-17 *Seasonally Adjusted Source: Statistics Canada, Haver Analytics, TD Economics. Unemployment Rate (rhs) *Forecast by Rates and FX Strategy Group. For further information, contact TDRates&FXCommoditiesResearch@tdsecurities.com

6 6 Release Data for Economic Indicator/Event Date Period Units Current Prior United States Apr 30 Personal Consumption Expenditure Core Mar Y/Y % Chg Apr 30 Personal Consumption Expenditure Deflator Mar Y/Y % Chg. 1.7 Apr 30 Real Personal Spending Mar M/M % Chg Apr 30 Personal Income Mar M/M % Chg Apr 30 Pending Home Sales Mar M/M % Chg May 01 Markit US Manufacturing PMI Apr Index May 01 ISM Manufacturing Apr Index May 01 ISM Employment Apr Index May 01 Wards Total Vehicle Sales Apr Mlns May 02 ADP Employment Change Apr Thsd May 02 FOMC Rate Decision (Upper Bound) May 02 % May 03 Initial Jobless Claims Apr 28 Thsd May 03 Unit Labor Costs 1Q Q/Q % Chg May 03 Trade Balance Mar Blns May 03 Markit US Services PMI Apr Index May 03 ISM Non-Manf. Composite Apr Index May 03 Durable Goods Orders Mar M/M % Chg May 03 Factory Orders Mar M/M % Chg May 03 Durables Ex Transportation Mar M/M % Chg. 0.1 May 03 Factory Orders Ex Trans Mar M/M % Chg May 03 Cap Goods Orders Nondef Ex Air Mar M/M % Chg May 04 Change in Nonfarm Payrolls Apr Thsd May 04 Unemployment Rate Apr % May 04 Average Hourly Earnings Apr M/M % Chg Canada Apr 30 Industrial Product Price Mar M/M % Chg May 01 MLI Leading Indicator Mar M/M % Chg May 01 Gross Domestic Product Feb M/M % Chg May 01 Markit Canada Manufacturing PMI Apr Index May 03 Int'l Merchandise Trade Mar Blns International Apr 30 JN Nikkei Japan PMI Mfg Apr Index May 02 EZ Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI Apr Index May 02 EZ Unemployment Rate Mar % May 02 EZ Gross Domestic Product SA 1Q Y/Y % Chg May 03 EZ Consumer Price Index Core Apr Y/Y % Chg May 04 EZ Retail Sales Mar Y/Y % Chg Source: Bloomberg, TD Economics. RECENT KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS: APRIL 30 - MAY 4, 2018

7 7 Release Data for Consensus Time* Economic Indicator/Event Units Date Period Forecast Last Period United States May 07 Mortgage Delinquencies 1Q Q/Q % Chg May 07 14:00 Fed's Tom Barkin Speaks at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia May 07 15:30 Fed's Robert Kaplan Speaks at the Annual Financial Markets Conference in Amelia Island, Florida May 07 15:30 Fed's Charles Evans Speaks at the Atlanta Fed's Conference in Amelia Island, Florida May 08 6:00 NFIB Small Business Optimism Apr Index May 09 8:30 Producer Price Index Final Demand Apr M/M % Chg May 09 8:30 Producer Price Index Ex Food and Energy Apr M/M % Chg May 09 10:00 Wholesale Trade Sales Mar M/M % Chg May 09 13:15 Fed's Raphael Bostic Speaks at the World Affairs Council in Jacksonville, Florida May 10 8:30 Consumer Price Index Apr M/M % Chg May 10 8:30 Consumer Price Index Ex Food and Energy Apr M/M % Chg May 10 8:30 Consumer Price Index Apr Y/Y % Chg May 10 8:30 Initial Jobless Claims May 05 Thsd - May 10 8:30 Consumer Price Index Ex Food and Energy Apr Y/Y % Chg May 10 8:30 Real Avg Hourly Earning Apr Y/Y % Chg May 11 8:30 Import Price Index ex Petroleum Apr M/M % Chg May 11 8:30 Export Price Index Apr M/M % Chg May 11 8:30 Export Price Index Apr Y/Y % Chg May 11 8:30 Fed's James Bullard Speaks about U.S. Economy & Monetary Policy in Spring Field, Missouri Canada May 07 15:00 BoC's Tim Lane Speaks on a Panel in Horasis, Portugal May 08 8:15 Housing Starts Apr Thsd May 11 8:30 Net Change in Employment Apr Thsd May 11 8:30 Unemployment Rate Apr % May 11 8:30 Hourly Earnings Permanent Employees Apr Y/Y % Chg May 11 9:00 BoC's Carolyn Wilkins Speaks at Women's Forum Canada in Toronto, ON International May 07 4:10 EZ Markit Eurozone Retail PMI Apr Index May 09 21:30 CH Consumer Price Index Apr Y/Y % Chg May 10 4:30 UK Manufacturing Production Mar Y/Y % Chg May 10 7:00 UK Bank of England Bank Rate May 10 % * Eastern Standard Time. Source: Bloomberg, TD Economics. UPCOMING ECONOMIC RELEASES AND EVENTS: MAY 7-11, 2018

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