A statistical overview of the economic situation in the euro area
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1 A statistical overview of the economic situation in the euro area By Gian Luigi Mazzi Florence, 29 April 2016 EUI-nomics 2016
2 Outline Latest PEEIs figures GDP growth estimates for the first quarter 2016 Euro area institutional forecast Euro area cyclical monitoring Macro-economic imbalances procedure
3 Latest PEEIs figures Introductory remarks PEEIs: a tool for short-term economic monitoring based on official statistics Picture for the euro area still very incomplete for 2016 few monthly data no quarterly data Updated picture for the euro area - combining official statistics and econometric techniques
4 Latest PEEIs figures 2014q3 2014q4 2015q1 2015q2 2015q3 2015q4 GDP % (Q/Q-1) % (Q/Q-4) Employment % (Q/Q-1) % (Q/Q-4) m m m m1 2016m2 2016m3 HICP % (M/M-1) % (M/M-12) PPI % (M/M-1) : % (M/M-12) : Import price % (M/M-1) : % (M/M-12) : IPI % (M/M-1) : % (M/M-12) : Retail trade % (M/M-1) : % (M/M-12) : Unemployment rate % : ESI Index
5 Latest PEEIs figures: some comments Persistent, very low inflation rate with still some negative months Slow but quite regular decrease of the unemployment rate at 10.3% in February Very uncertain path of Industrial Production Index accompanied by a regular but decelerating growth of the Retail trade GDP growth still quite moderate Economic sentiment indicator still above 100% but with a slight deterioration in February and March L1
6 Slide 5 L1 To revise LCales, 25/04/2016
7 GDP growth estimates for the first quarter 2016 estimates for the Euro area GDP growth based on 4 competing models Small-scale factor model with soft data only Small-scale factor model with hard and soft data Bridge model with hard and soft data Indirect estimates based on VECM models for largest individual Euro area economies Comparative analysis with some external leading indicators freely available Euroframe EuroCoin
8 GDP growth estimates for the first quarter 2016 (Euro area) factor model (soft data) factor model (hard and soft data) Bridge model (hard and soft data) 0.45% 0.66% 0.67% Indirect model 0.70% Euroframe 0.33% EuroCoin 0.41%
9 GDP growth estimates for the first quarter 2016 (Member states) Germany 0.73% France 0.54% Italy 0.39% Spain 1.41% Netherlands 0.20% Belgium 0.52%
10 GDP growth estimates for the first quarter 2016: some comments L2 Quite large range of variation among and other estimates for the first quarter 3 out of 4 models are forecasting the GDP growth around 0,7 % in the first quarter model based on soft data only as well as Euroframe and Eurocoin produce much less optimistic forecasts around 0,4% GDP growth estimates for Member states based on VECM models Strong acceleration for Germany and Spain Moderated growth in France and in Italy
11 Slide 9 L2 To revise LCales, 25/04/2016
12 Euro area institutional forecast Main sources L3 European Commission: Winter forecast - February 2016 OECD: interim economic outlook of February 2016 for GDP and the other forecasts are of November ECB: Macroeconomic projections - March 2016 IMF:World economic outlook - April 2016
13 Slide 10 L3 To revise LCales, 25/04/2016
14 Euro area institutional forecast Year DG ECFIN OECD * ECB IMF GDP HICP Unemployment Deficit Current account (%GDP)
15 Euro area institutional forecast: some comments Quite good consensus among institutional forecasts Some differences also due to the different timing of the forecast publication No deflationary risk but persistency of a low inflation Quite relevant difference between the OECD and the other institutions in 2016 Constant increase of GDP growth Progressive reduction of unemployment rate
16 Euro area cyclical monitoring Euro area dating: business, growth, and acceleration cycle non-parametric dating rule Euro area system for turning point detection: three coincident indicators BCCI: Business Cycle Coincident Indicator GCCI: Growth Cycle Coincident Indicator ACCI: Acceleration Cycle Coincident Indicator ACCI: recession probability returned by the Markov switching model fitted to the Economic Sentiment Indicator
17 Euro area cyclical monitoring MS-VAR GCCI and MS-VAR BCCI MSIH(4) VAR(0) model fitted on 4 variables 1) Industrial Production Index (differenced over 6 months) 2) Unemployment Rate (inverted diff. over 1 month) 3) New Passenger Car Registrations (diff. over 3 months) 4) Employment Expectations (diff. over 1 month) Both indicators jointly obtained as a by-product of model parameters estimation: MS-VAR BCCI filtered probabilities of the first regime of the state-variable (regimes of the latent Markov-chain are sorted in ascending order of the state-dependent intercept); MS-VAR GCCI sum of filtered probabilities of the first and second regimes.
18 Euro area cyclical monitoring ACCI Probability of Being in a Deceleration of the Acceleration Cycle Acceleration Cycle Reference Chronology Ending Date of Provisional Chronology 0.5 Threshold Provisional Dating Chronology ACCI
19 Euro area cyclical monitoring MS-VAR BCCI Probability of Being in a Recession of the Classical Business Cycle Business Cycle Reference Chronology Ending Date of Provisional Chronology 0.5 Threshold Provisional Dating Chronology MS-VAR BCCI
20 Probability of Being in a Slowdown of the Growth Cycle Euro area cyclical monitoring MS-VAR GCCI Growth Cycle Reference Chronology Ending Date of Provisional Chronology 0.5 Threshold Provisional Dating Chronology MS-VAR GCCI
21 Economic Coincident Cycle indicator Provisional Dating of the Acceleration Cycle Acceleration ACCI Cycle Peak 2006 Q2 June 2006 Troug h 2009 Q1 Mar Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak 2010 Q2 Oct Q1 Oct Dec Jan Provisional Dating of the Growth Cycle Growth Cycle MS-VAR GCCI 2008 Q1 Dec Q3 Sept Q3 May Q Dec. Apr Provisional dating of the Business Cycle Classical MS-VAR Business Cycle BCCI 2008 Q1 Apr Q2 Sept Q3 July Q1 May
22 Euro area cyclical monitoring Membercountries extension Non-parametric chronologies for BCCI and GCCI in progress for member states Already available for all Euro area countries except Lithuania + UK Coincident turning point indicators for growth cycle and business cycle for member states Based on MS-VAR only Already available for for all Euro area countries except Lithuania + UK
23 Euro area cyclical monitoring Models summary by country Country Model Recessions Slowdowns Variables (differentiation order) IPI UR BUI L IN D CON S RET A Belgium MSI(4)-VAR(0) R1 R1+R France MSIH(4)-VAR(0) R1 R1+R Germany MSIH(4)-VAR(0) R1 R1+R Italy MSIH(5)-VAR(0) R1 R1+R Netherlands MSIH(4)-VAR(0) R1 R1+R Portugal MSI(5)-VAR(0) R1+R2 R1+R2+R Spain MSIH(4)-VAR(0) R1 R1+R
24 Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Germany France Italy Spain the Netherlands Belgium Portugal Austria GC Apr-01 Aug-03 Feb-04 May-05 May-08 Jul-09 Oct-11 Mar-13 BC Nov-02 Apr-03 Nov-08 Jun-09 GC Nov-00 Aug-03 Sep-07 Aug-09 Aug-11 Aug-13 Aug-14 Oct-14 BC Jul-08 May-09 GC Oct-01 Aug-03 Dec-07 Jun-09 Jul-11 May-13 BC Jan-03 May-03 Dec-07 Apr-09 Aug-11 Apr-13 GC Apr-01 Oct-03 Sep-07 Nov-09 Jul-10 Aug-13 BC Feb-08 Nov-09 Jul-11 Apr-13 GC Feb-01 Oct-03 Jun-08 Dec-09 Mar-11 Feb-13 BC Oct-08 Dec-09 Mar-11 Oct-11 GC Aug-00 Aug-03 Feb-05 Sep-05 Sep-07 Sep-09 May-11 Jun-15 BC Oct-01 Dec-01 Sep-08 Apr-09 May-12 Jun-12 GC Jul-98 May-03 Oct-04 Sep-05 Jan-06 Jul-06 Jul-07 May-09 Jul-10 Jul-13 Nov-15 BC Jun-02 May-03 Jul-05 Sep-05 Jun-08 May-09 Oct-10 Mar-12 GC May-01 Aug-03 Oct-07 Sep-09 Oct-11 BC Oct-08 Sep-09 Cyprus GC BC Aug-08 Feb-10 Dec-10 Nov-13 Jul-14 Jan-15 Jan-09 Jun-09 Sep-11 Jun-13
25 Estonia Finland Greece Ireland Latvia Luxemb ourg Malta Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak Trough Peak GC Mar-04 Jan-07 Sep-09 Jun-12 Jun-15 BC Aug-07 Sep-09 GC Sep-00 Jan-04 Jun-08 Feb-10 May-12 Aug-15 BC Jun-08 Feb-10 May-12 Mar-15 GC Sep-05 Dec-07 Jun-14 May-15 BC Dec-08 May-13 GC Sep-00 Nov-03 Jul-05 Mar-10 Oct-10 Nov-12 BC Sep-01 Feb-02 Dec-07 Nov-09 GC Dec-04 Sep-06 Mar-10 Nov-12 BC Jan-08 Nov-09 GC Apr-03 Jan-08 May-09 Jun-11 Mar-13 BC Oct-08 May-09 GC Apr-04 Nov-08 Apr-10 BC Apr-04 Nov-08 Jun-09 GC Jun-05 Jan-08 Aug-09 Sep-11 Dec-13 Slovakia BC Aug-08 Aug-09 GC Slovenia Mar-00 Jun-06 Nov-07 Sep-09 Aug-11 Mar-13 Dec-14 Jul-15 BC Jun-08 Sep-09 Aug-11 Mar-13 UK GC Jun-00 Apr-02 Apr-03 Mar-04 Dec-04 Oct-05 Aug-07 May-09 Nov-11 Apr-13 Mar-15 BC May-08 May-09
26 Euro area cyclical monitoring: some comments Since beginning of 2013, euro area and the majority of member states went out from the recession and slowdown phases In the period , Germany, France and Austria experienced only a slowdown phase of the growth cycle but not a recessionary phase of the business cycle In 2015, Portugal, Greece and UK entered in a slowdown phase of the growth cycle Latvia is persistently in a slowdown phase since 2012 None of the euro area countries + the UK is experiencing a recession
27 Euro area cyclical monitoring: some comments (cont.) With the global financial and economic crisis synchronisation across euro area member countries started to decrease Currently, member countries turning points are neither well synchronised nor well diffused Tricky situation since an optimal currency area requires a high degree of synchronisation across its members
28 MIP Headline Indicators Scoreboard External Imbalances Balance of Payments Current account Net international investment Competitiveness Real effective exchange rate (REER) Share of world exports Nominal unit labour cost Internal Imbalances House price developments Private sector credit flow Private sector debt General government debt Unemployment rate Total financial sector liabilities Labour market Activity rate Long term unemployment Youth unemployment 25
29 Labour market: in 2015 enlarged set of scoreboard indicators Activity rate Long term unemployment Youth unemployment All as three years change in p.p. Aim: capture social consequences of the crisis in the medium and long term Not triggering MIP steps
30 Reading of the MIP scoreboard No single indicator can capture all potential risks: - Analysis in connection with other scoreboard indicators Thenumberofflashesisnotthekeycriteria Thescoreboardshouldbereadalsoovertime The severity of a breach of a threshold can be considered Asetofauxiliaryindicators play an important role 27
31 Reading of the MIP scoreboard (cont.) At least one indicator outside the thresholds for all MSs 8 out of 14 is the maximum number of flashing indicators One not-flashing indicator: private sector credit flow In 2016, the imbalances categories have been streamlined to four: Excessive Imbalances with corrective action plan Excessive Imbalances Imbalances No Imbalances
32 Macro-economic imbalance procedure In-depth reviews (IDRs) 2016 Excessive Imbalances: BG, CY, FR, HR, IT, PT Imbalances : IE, SI, ES, FI, DE, NL, SE No imbalances: AT, BE, EE, HU, RO, UK Surveillance in context of adjustment programme: EL
33 Flashes per indicator (2016 AMR)
34 Conclusions - overview MIP: surveillance mechanism integrated part of the European Semester prevention and correction of macroeconomic imbalances early warning system based on scoreboard of indicators + economic reading AMR starting point of MIP In-Depth Reviews preventive and corrective arm
A statistical overview of the economic situation in the euro area
A statistical overview of the economic situation in the euro area By Gian Luigi Mazzi Florence, 24 April 2015 EUI-nomics 2015 Outline Latest PEEIs figures GDP growth estimates for the first quarter 2015
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