Traffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures. Traffic Safety Basic Facts Traffic Safety. Motorways Basic Facts 2016.

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1 Traffic Safety Basic Facts Main Figures Traffic Safety Basic Facts 2015 Traffic Safety Motorways Basic Facts 2016 Motorways

2 General Almost people were killed in road accidents on motorways in the European Union countries between 2005 and This number corresponds to 7% of all road fatalities in those countries. There were road accident fatalities on motorways in 2005, and the number fell by 48% in 2014 (1.865). The total number of road accident fatalities in the European Union countries also fell significantly over the same decade, by 42%. The number of people killed in road accidents on motorways fell by 48% in the decade from 2005 to Although the overall number of road fatalities decreased rather steadily, the trend for motorway fatalities has been more variable. The most significant reduction of the number of fatalities on motorways occurred between Figure 1: Number of fatalities on motorways and all road fatalities, EU, Total road fatalities Fatalities on motorways Table 1 provides an overview of the changes in the number of fatalities on motorways by country

3 The reduction in motorway fatalities between 2005 and 2014 was highest in Spain (66%). Table 1: Number of fatalities on motorways by country, BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK EU Yearly change -2,1% -7,0% -16,9% -7,4% -6,5% -7,3% -10,0% 1,8% -5,7% CH Totals for EU include latest available data (Data for Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta not included in totals) Table 2 shows the percentages of road accident fatalities that occurred on motorways by country between Spain had the highest percentage of fatalities on motorways in 2014 in the EU (17%), followed by Belgium (15%), Slovenia (13%) and the Netherlands (12%). By contrast, the lowest proportion of fatalities occurring on motorways was in Romania (1%) and Poland (2%)

4 Poland and Romania are the countries with the lowest proportion of fatalities occurring on motorways in Table 2: Percentage of fatalities on motorways of all road fatalities by country, BE 15% 15% 14% 15% 16% 13% 14% 12% 13% 15% BG % 4% CZ 3% 3% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4% 4% DK 9% 5% 6% 8% 8% 11% 5% 5% 6% 8% DE 12% 13% 12% 11% 11% 12% 11% 11% 13% 11% EE IE 1% 3% 3% 1% 2% 4% 5% 3% 4% - EL 7% 9% 9% 8% 7% 7% 7% 6% 9% 7% ES 19% 19% 16% 16% 17% 17% 17% 16% 18% 17% FR 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 6% 7% 6% 7% 7% HR % 10% 8% 8% 6% 11% 11% 7% IT 10% 10% 10% 10% 8% 9% 9% 9% 9% 8% CY 15% 12% 15% 10% 10% 15% 10% 6% 5% 7% LV LT LU 9% 14% 24% 17% 75% 91% 12% 21% 13% 9% HU 4% 4% 5% 5% 5% 6% 8% 5% 5% 4% MT NL 11% 11% 12% 12% 13% 12% 8% 12% 12% 12% AT 12% 10% 11% 10% 10% 11% 9% 9% 7% 8% PL 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% PT 8% 9% 13% 11% 11% 12% 9% 8% 7% 8% RO 1% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% SI 8% 13% 13% 6% 18% 14% 14% 15% 13% - SK 3% 2% 3% 2% 2% 4% - - 6% - FI 3% 5% 4% 3% 4% 1% 4% 5% 3% 3% SE 5% 6% 5% 5% 6% 9% 6% 6% 8% 11% UK 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 6% 5% EU 8% 8% 8% 7% 7% 7% 7% 7% 8% 7% CH 6% 8% 12% 8% 10% 7% 7% 19% 9% 5% Figure 2a: Number of fatalities on motorways and percentage of all road fatalities, EU, % 8% 6% % Number of fatalities on motorways Percentage of total road fatalities % 0% Note that in six countries (Germany, Ireland, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia) a significant number of fatalities are recorded in the CARE data as being on non-specified road network type (it is not known whether or not they occurred on a motorway). In Lithuania, there is no distinction of road fatalities by road type

5 Spain had the highest percentage of road accident fatalities on motorways (17%) in Figure 2b: Distribution of fatalities on motorways and on other types of roads by country, 2014 or latest available year 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% ES BE SI NL SE DE LU IT AT EU PT DK HR EL CY FR SK UK HU IE CZ FI PL RO LV MT EE LT Motorway Other types of road Unknown Table 3 shows the rate of fatalities on motorways per million population between 2005 and The 2014 rate was higher in Belgium (9,6) than in the other European countries and hence higher than the average rate (3,7) of the EU countries. The fatality rate on motorways, in the EU, decreased by almost 49% between 2005 and Table 3: Motorway fatality rates per million population by country, BE 15,4 15,6 14,5 13,0 13,9 9,8 10,9 8,2 8,4 9,6 BG ,1 4, CZ 4,4 3,6 4,7 2,9 2,4 2,7 2,0 2,1 2,4 2,4 DK 5,7 2,9 4,4 5,7 4,4 4,9 2,2 1,4 2,1 2,5 DE 8,0 7,8 7,3 6,0 5,8 5,3 5,5 4,8 5,3 4,6 EE IE 0,5 2,6 2,3 0,4 0,9 2,0 2,0 1,1 1,7 - EL 10,1 13,4 12,7 10,8 9,7 7,8 7,3 5,1 7,2 5,1 ES 19,8 17,6 13,8 10,9 10,1 9,0 7,3 6,5 6,3 6,2 FR 5,1 4,7 4,3 3,6 3,5 3,7 4,1 3,4 3,6 3,3 HR ,1 15,5 10,0 7,7 5,4 10,1 9,6 5,4 IT 10,0 10,2 9,0 7,7 5,9 6,4 5,7 5,6 5,4 4,7 CY 20,5 13,4 17,2 10,3 8,8 11,0 8,3 3,5 2,3 3,5 LV LT LU 8,7 12,8 23,1 12,4 72,9 57,8 7,8 13,3 11,2 5,5 HU 4,8 5,5 6,1 5,4 3,8 4,4 4,9 3,1 3,0 2,7 MT NL 5,1 5,1 5,1 5,1 5,0 3,9 2,6 4,1 3,5 3,4 AT 10,9 9,0 8,9 8,5 7,3 7,1 5,5 5,9 3,7 4,2 PL 0,9 1,4 1,4 0,9 1,1 0,7 1,0 1,2 1,1 1,5 PT 9,3 8,0 12,1 9,1 8,4 10,5 7,9 5,5 4,2 4,8 RO 1,7 2,4 1,9 1,0 1,2 0,9 0,8 0,8 1,2 1,1 SI 10,0 16,5 18,4 6,5 14,8 9,3 9,8 9,7 7,8 - SK 3,9 2,8 3,5 2,6 1,7 2, ,5 - FI 1,9 3,2 2,7 1,7 2,3 0,7 2,0 2,4 1,5 1,5 SE 2,7 3,1 2,7 2,0 2,3 2,6 2,1 1,9 2,2 3,2 UK 3,4 3,1 3,0 2,6 2,1 1,9 1,7 1,4 1,6 1,5 EU 7,2 7,0 6,5 5,4 5,0 4,6 4,3 3,9 3,9 3,7 CH 3,4 4,2 6,3 3,6 4,4 3,0 2,8 7,9 2,9 1,5 Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May

6 Figure 3 shows that the fatality rate on motorways in the EU decreased by almost 49% between 2005 and 2014, from 7,2 per million population in 2005 to 3,7 in Figure 3: Motorway fatality rates per million population by country, 2005 and 2014 or latest available year Sweden, Ireland and Poland experienced an increase in the fatality rates on their motorway networks within EU EU BE SI ES LU HR EL PT IT DE AT EU SK CY NL FR SE HU DK CZ IE UK PL FI RO Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT for population data), data available in May 2016 A fairer comparison of the level of safety on motorways involves the fatality rate per thousand kilometres of motorway. Using this exposure measure (motorway network length), Table 4 and Figure 4 show that the motorway fatality rate in Romania decreased by 80% between 2005 and Furthermore, the average rate for EU fell by 44% between 2005 (56,4) and 2014 (31,6)

7 The fatality rate on the motorways in Romania decreased by 80% between 2005 and Table 4: Motorway fatality rates per km of motorways by country, BE 92,2 93,0 86,8 78,8 85,1 60,1 68,1 51,6 53,3 61,3 BG ,9 86, CZ 79,8 58,5 73,1 43,4 34,3 38,1 28,2 29,3 32,2 32,2 DK 30,0 15,5 21,6 27,5 21,2 23,9 10,5 6,7 9,9 11,6 DE 53,5 51,5 47,8 39,1 37,1 33,5 35,3 30,0 33,1 29,0 EE IE 8,1 40,7 37,2 4,7 6,0 10,0 10,0 5,6 8,9 - EL 121,1 160,4 152,8 130,9 65,1 52,5 48,8 34,4 47,6 33,8 ES 74,8 64,3 47,5 36,7 33,2 29,3 23,4 20,7 20,0 19,7 FR 29,9 27,3 24,9 21,1 20,2 20,9 23,5 19,5 20,4 18,9 HR ,2 55,9 34,6 26,5 18,3 34,3 31,7 17,8 IT 88,2 90,0 79,8 68,2 52,5 56,4 50,7 49,1 47,7 42,7 CY 54,3 38,9 50,6 31,1 27,2 35,0 27,2 11,7 7,8 11,7 LV LT LU 27,2 40,8 74,8 40,8 236,8 190,8 26,3 46,1 39,5 19,7 HU 55,9 47,5 57,3 42,4 29,9 29,8 32,3 20,5 19,2 17,3 MT NL 31,9 31,9 32,1 31,5 31,4 24,1 16,2 25,5 22,1 21,4 AT 53,1 44,1 43,6 41,9 36,0 34,3 26,8 29,1 18,0 20,9 PL 59,8 94,4 80,0 45,8 50,6 32,7 34,6 32,2 27,0 37,8 PT 41,9 33,1 48,9 36,5 32,9 40,6 30,7 19,4 14,7 16,7 RO 162,3 219,3 145,9 74,7 77,9 54,2 45,7 30,9 37,3 32,6 SI 35,1 57,0 63,9 18,7 40,2 24,6 26,0 26,0 20,8 20,8 SK 64,0 45,7 52,1 36,5 23,0 33, ,2 - FI 14,4 24,3 20,0 12,2 15,7 5,1 14,1 16,0 9,9 - SE 14,1 16,1 13,8 9,7 11,1 12,5 10,4 8,9 10,2 15,1 UK 56,2 51,5 50,4 43,6 35,9 32,0 28,4 23,7 27,2 25,6 EU 56,4 53,8 48,9 39,7 35,6 32,7 30,0 26,5 26,8 31,6 CH 18,4 22,8 34,0 19,5 24,2 16,4 15,5 44,4 12,7 6,6 Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT, EC, IRF for road length data), data available in May 2016 Figure 4: Motorway fatality rates per km of motorways by country, EU, 2005 and 2014 or latest available year EU 2005 EU 2014 The average fatality rate per thousand kilometres of motorways for EU fell by 44% between 2005 and BE SK IT PL EL RO CZ EU DE UK NL AT SI LU ES FR HR HU PT SE CY DK FI Sources: CARE database (EUROSTAT, EC, IRF for road length data), data available in May 2016 IE Belgium is the country with the highest number of fatalities on motorways per thousand kilometres of motorway network in Conversely, the fatality rate in Ireland in 2014 (8,9) is significantly lower than the average rate for EU countries (31,6)

8 In the following tables and figures, the CARE data for 2014 are analysed in greater detail. It should be noted that the latest available data are used, meaning 2009 data for BG, 2010 data for MT, and 2013 data for IE, SI and SK. The highest percentage of fatalities on motorways in the EU in 2014 occurred in the age group. Age Group Table 5a shows the distribution of fatalities on motorways in 2014 by age group in the EU countries and Switzerland, while Table 5b shows the respective distribution on non-motorway road network. Of the age groups studied, the highest percentage of fatalities on motorways occurred in the age group. Table 5a: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and age group, 2014 or latest available year < >64 Unknown Total BE 8% 19% 38% 19% 13% 3% 108 BG 8% 19% 64% 8% 0% 0% 36 CZ 4% 8% 56% 24% 4% 4% 25 DK 0% 36% 36% 21% 7% 0% 14 DE 3% 13% 51% 21% 12% 0% 375 EE IE 13% 0% 50% 0% 38% 0% 8 EL 4% 13% 54% 21% 9% 0% 56 ES 3% 11% 42% 26% 19% 0% 290 FR 5% 12% 45% 24% 14% 0% 220 HR 4% 9% 48% 26% 13% 0% 23 IT 3% 6% 43% 23% 20% 5% 287 CY 0% 0% 67% 0% 33% 0% 3 LV LT LU 0% 33% 67% 0% 0% 0% 3 HU 7% 0% 70% 19% 4% 0% 27 MT NL 2% 14% 51% 9% 25% 0% 57 AT 8% 19% 36% 28% 8% 0% 36 PL 0% 13% 64% 14% 9% 0% 56 PT 0% 4% 50% 28% 18% 0% 50 RO 14% 5% 43% 29% 10% 0% 21 SI 0% 13% 44% 38% 6% 0% 16 SK 0% 11% 42% 32% 5% 11% 19 FI 0% 25% 63% 13% 0% 0% 8 SE 0% 10% 52% 16% 23% 0% 31 UK 6% 15% 53% 14% 13% 0% 96 EU 4% 11% 47% 22% 15% 1% CH 0% 33% 25% 8% 33% 0%

9 Table 5b shows that in the EU countries, the highest percentage of fatalities on non-motorway roads was also in the age group. It is noted that the over 64 age group is less involved in motorway fatalities (15%) than in non-motorway fatalities (27%). The over 64 age group is less involved in motorway fatalities (15%) than in non-motorway fatalities (27%). Table 5b: Total number and distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and age group, 2014 or latest available year < >64 Unknown Total BE 4% 16% 34% 19% 27% 1% 599 BG 7% 17% 40% 18% 18% 0% 865 CZ 4% 15% 41% 21% 20% 0% 663 DK 5% 10% 33% 17% 34% 0% 168 DE 5% 15% 27% 20% 33% 0% EE IE EL 3% 7% 40% 23% 27% 0% 107 ES 4% 7% 38% 20% 30% 1% FR 7% 18% 37% 16% 23% 0% HR 4% 12% 35% 21% 27% 0% 285 IT 4% 11% 32% 19% 32% 1% CY 5% 29% 33% 10% 24% - 42 LV LT LU 3% 13% 50% 28% 6% 0% 32 HU 3% 10% 35% 26% 26% 0% 599 MT NL 9% 15% 25% 12% 38% 0% 346 AT 5% 13% 30% 23% 28% 0% 394 PL 5% 16% 36% 24% 20% 0% PT 3% 9% 32% 22% 33% 0% 580 RO 7% 10% 34% 26% 23% 0% SI 5% 18% 33% 20% 24% 0% 109 SK 4% 16% 33% 21% 25% 1% 240 FI 10% 14% 33% 18% 25% 0% 221 SE 5% 10% 28% 19% 38% 0% 217 UK 5% 18% 35% 16% 26% 0% EU 5% 14% 34% 20% 27% 0% CH 5% 15% 27% 18% 35% 0%

10 Figure 5a shows the distribution of fatalities on motorways by age group and road user type in the EU in Only a low percentage of fatalities were pedestrians (6% - 16%, depending on age group). The percentage of driver fatalities on motorways is highest for the age group (67%), followed by the age group (61%). The majority of killed aged below 18 years were passengers (94%). Figure 5a: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by age group and road user type, EU, 2014 or latest available year 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% On motorways, the percentage of drivers fatalities is highest for the age group, whereas on the remaining road network it is highest for the age group. 0% < >64 Pedestrian Passenger Driver Figure 5b shows the distribution for non-motorway roads that corresponds to the motorway distribution of Figure 5a. On these roads, the percentage of drivers fatalities is highest in the age group (73%). Young road users (up to 18 years old) were mostly killed as passengers on nonmotorway roads (45%). Figure 5b also shows that on non-motorway roads, 25% of killed people aged below 18 years and 41% of elderly fatalities (more than 64 years old) were pedestrians. Figure 5b: Distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by age group and road user type, EU, 2014 or latest available year 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% < >64 Pedestrian Passenger Driver

11 Map 1: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and age group, 2014 or latest available year

12 Road User Type and Transport Mode Table 6 shows the distribution of fatalities on motorways and nonmotorway road network by road user type in More driver and pedestrian fatalities occurred on non-motorways than on motorways in Proportionately less than twice as many pedestrians are killed on non-motorways as on motorways. Table 6: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways and nonmotorway road network by road user type and country, EU, 2014 or latest available year Motorways Non-motorways Driver Passen Pedest Passen Pedest Total Driver ger rian ger rian Total BE 65% 30% 6% % 10% 17% 599 BG 47% 50% 3% 36 48% 29% 23% 865 CZ 56% 24% 20% 25 66% 15% 19% 663 DK 64% 36% 0% 14 71% 15% 13% 168 DE 66% 26% 8% % 10% 18% EE IE 75% 13% 13% EL 50% 36% 14% 56 67% 21% 12% 107 ES 55% 32% 13% % 15% 21% FR 57% 25% 18% % 15% 15% HR 43% 39% 17% 23 61% 14% 24% 285 IT 61% 32% 7% % 14% 18% CY 67% 0% 33% 3 62% 17% 21% 42 LV % 25% 33% 212 LT LU 33% 33% 33% 3 81% 13% 6% 32 HU 44% 37% 19% 27 58% 17% 25% 599 MT % 31% 15% 13 NL 72% 12% 16% 57 81% 8% 10% 346 AT 56% 33% 11% 36 75% 8% 17% 394 PL 45% 36% 20% 56 50% 17% 33% PT 58% 28% 14% 50 63% 14% 23% 580 RO 33% 29% 38% 21 38% 23% 38% SI 50% 19% 31% 16 73% 13% 14% 109 SK 47% 26% 26% 19 58% 19% 24% 240 FI 63% 13% 25% 8 71% 14% 15% 221 SE 61% 23% 16% 31 65% 14% 21% 217 UK 49% 29% 22% 96 61% 14% 25% EU 58% 29% 13% % 16% 22% CH 75% 8% 17% 12 69% 13% 18% 231 Ireland and the Netherlands had the highest percentages of driver fatalities on motorways (75% and 72% respectively), while Bulgaria had the highest percentage of passenger fatalities on motorways (50%). As far as pedestrian fatalities on non-motorway roads are concerned, the highest percentage of fatalities occurred in Romania (38%), Poland and Latvia (33%)

13 Map 2: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and road user type, 2014 or latest available year

14 58% of fatalities on motorways across the EU countries were car or taxi occupants. About 13% of fatalities on motorways across the EU countries were pedestrians. Table 7 shows the number of fatalities on motorways in 2014 by mode of transport. About 58% of fatalities on motorways across the EU countries were car or taxi occupants and almost 10% of fatalities were users of two-wheelers. Table 7: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and mode of transport, 2014 or latest available year Car/Taxi Lorries Twowheelers Pedestrian Other Total BE 72% 9% 3% 6% 10% 108 BG 94% 3% 0% 3% 0% 36 CZ 48% 4% 0% 20% 28% 25 DK 79% 21% 0% 0% 0% 14 DE 59% 9% 10% 8% 13% 375 EE IE 63% 0% 25% 13% 0% 8 EL 57% 5% 20% 14% 4% 56 ES 52% 11% 17% 13% 7% 290 FR 54% 9% 10% 18% 10% 220 HR 70% 0% 9% 17% 4% 23 IT 59% 10% 8% 7% 16% 287 CY 67% 0% 0% 33% 0% 3 LV LT LU 67% 0% 0% 33% 0% 3 HU 56% 19% 0% 19% 7% 27 MT NL 51% 4% 16% 16% 14% 57 AT 67% 11% 0% 11% 11% 36 PL 55% 0% 9% 20% 16% 56 PT 70% 4% 8% 14% 4% 50 RO 43% 14% 0% 38% 5% 21 SI 25% 19% 6% 31% 19% 16 SK 47% 5% 0% 26% 21% 19 FI 75% 0% 0% 25% 0% 8 SE 58% 3% 13% 16% 10% 31 UK 60% 6% 5% 22% 6% 96 EU 58% 9% 10% 13% 11% CH 58% 8% 8% 17% 8% 12 Figure 6a shows that in 2014, 38% of fatalities on motorways in Romania were pedestrians, the highest percentage among the EU countries. Furthermore, Slovenia (31%), Slovakia (26%) and Finland (25%) had high percentages of pedestrian fatalities on motorways

15 Figure 6a: Distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and mode of transport, 2014 or latest available year Almost two fifths of fatalities on motorways in Romania were pedestrians, the highest percentage in any of the EU countries. SI RO SK CZ NL ES FR PL HU EL SE EU IT DE UK IE AT LU CY HR PT BE FI DK BG 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car/taxi Lorries/Buses Two-wheelers Pedestrian Other/unknown It is worth noticing that in 2014 less than 10% of the fatalities occurring on motorways in the EU countries were users of two wheeled vehicles (motorcycle, moped or pedal cycle users), with Ireland and Greece having the highest percentages (25% and 20% respectively). By comparison, Figure 6b shows that 27% of fatalities on non-motorway roads were users of two wheeled vehicles with the Netherlands having the highest percentage (46%). Figure 6b: Distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and mode of transport, 2014 or latest available year SI RO SK CZ NL ES FR PL HU EL SE EU IT DE UK AT LU CY HR PT BE FI DK BG 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Car/taxi Lorries/Buses Two-wheelers Pedestrian Other/unknown

16 Manoeuvre Type Table 8a shows that the vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with fatalities on motorways in the EU countries is driving straight ahead. About 24% of fatalities were occupants of vehicles, who were driving straight ahead and making no other manoeuvre. However, the corresponding percentage for this manoeuvre on non-motorway network is lower (18%), as shown in Table 8b, maybe due to the large number of not defined manoeuvres. More specifically, in 8 countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Croatia, Italy, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden) almost all manoeuvres on motorways and on non-motorways are not defined. Table 8a: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and manoeuvre type, 2014 or latest available year changing lane over taking stopped/ stopping straight ahead turning u turn other not defined Total The vehicle manoeuvre most frequently associated with fatalities on motorways in the EU countries is driving straight ahead. BE 0% 8% 3% 26% 2% 1% 40% 20% 108 BG 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 36 CZ 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 25 DK 0% 0% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 14 DE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 375 EE IE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 88% 13% 8 EL 11% 2% 0% 30% 0% 0% 27% 30% 56 ES 1% 4% 3% 47% 1% 0% 25% 19% 290 FR 1% 5% 2% 44% 12% 0% 22% 15% 220 HR 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 23 IT 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 287 CY 0% 0% 0% 67% 0% 0% 33% 0% 3 LV LT LU 0% 33% 0% 33% 0% 0% 33% 0% 3 HU 7% 0% 4% 70% 0% 0% 15% 4% 27 MT NL 2% 0% 7% 60% 0% 9% 16% 7% 57 AT 3% 0% 0% 19% 0% 0% 8% 69% 36 PL 0% 5% 0% 0% 0% 0% 88% 7% 56 PT 0% 6% 16% 68% 0% 0% 10% 0% 50 RO 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 38% 62% 21 SI 13% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 38% 50% 16 SK 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 89% 19 FI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 8 SE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 31 UK 5% 2% 13% 54% 0% 0% 16% 9% 96 EU 1% 2% 2% 24% 2% 0% 15% 53% CH 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

17 Table 8b: Total number and distribution of fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and manoeuvre type, 2014 or latest available year changing lane over taking stopped/ stopping straight ahead turning u turn other not defined Total More fatalities are associated with stopping manoeuvres on motorways than on the remaining road network. BE 0% 8% 0% 20% 4% 0% 41% 27% 599 BG 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 865 CZ 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 89% 663 DK 0% 0% 5% 78% 7% 0% 10% 0% 168 DE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% EE IE EL 1% 0% 1% 26% 4% 0% 41% 27% 107 ES 1% 3% 1% 32% 2% 0% 36% 25% FR 1% 4% 1% 47% 23% 0% 16% 8% HR 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 285 IT 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% CY 0% 0% 0% 69% 7% 0% 21% 2% 42 LV 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 212 LT LU 0% 6% 6% 41% 6% 0% 41% 0% 32 HU 2% 2% 0% 62% 7% 0% 25% 1% 599 MT NL 2% 0% 0% 70% 6% 0% 18% 3% 346 AT 1% 5% 0% 16% 4% 0% 5% 70% 394 PL 1% 6% 0% 0% 2% 0% 75% 17% PT 0% 2% 7% 61% 2% 1% 24% 2% 580 RO 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 34% 66% SI 16% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 58% 27% 109 SK 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 18% 83% 240 FI 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 221 SE 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 217 UK 0% 5% 3% 40% 4% 0% 43% 4% EU 1% 2% 1% 18% 5% 0% 24% 49% CH 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%

18 Lighting Conditions Figure 7 shows that, in 2014, 47% of the fatalities on motorways in the EU countries occurred in accidents during daylight or twilight. The respective percentage for the remaining road network in the EU appears to be only slightly higher (54%). Note that the high percentage of fatalities for which the lighting condition is not defined means that the actual percentages are rather higher. Figure 7: Distribution of fatalities on motorways and non-motorway road network by lighting conditions, EU, 2014 or latest available year MOTORWAYS NON-MOTORWAYS Not defined 21% Darkness 32% Not defined 18% Darkness 28% 47% of the fatalities on motorways in the EU countries occurred in accidents in the daylight or twilight. Daylight/ Twillight 47% Daylight/ Twillight 54% Furthermore, 32% of the fatalities on motorways occurred in darkness, whereas on non-motorway network, the respective percentage is lower, almost 28%. The percentage of not defined fatalities by lighting conditions is lower on non-motorway network (18%) than on motorways (21%)

19 Day of the week Table 9 shows that in the EU countries in 2014, there is only a slight difference between the percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on the remaining road network on different days of the week. In the EU there is only a slight difference between the percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on the remaining road network on different days of the week. Table 9: Percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on non-motorway road network by country and day of the week, 2014 or latest available year Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun Total BE 24% 17% 10% 11% 14% 34% 16% 24% BG 4% 4% 1% 6% 2% 7% 4% 4% CZ 8% 2% 5% 3% 3% 5% 1% 8% DK 0% 9% 4% 4% 24% 0% 17% 0% DE 22% 18% 15% 15% 14% 22% 20% 22% EE IE EL 7% 50% 57% 100% 23% 46% 106% 7% ES 20% 21% 16% 19% 22% 24% 22% 20% FR 10% 8% 7% 5% 6% 6% 8% 10% HR 13% 14% 6% 4% 12% 4% 5% 13% IT 9% 9% 9% 12% 12% 8% 7% 9% CY 0% 0% 25% 0% 9% 13% 0% 0% LV LT LU 0% 0% 0% 0% 20% 40% 0% 0% HU 7% 1% 1% 2% 12% 3% 6% 7% MT NL 15% 27% 17% 24% 8% 14% 15% 15% AT 7% 4% 13% 6% 17% 11% 4% 7% PL 2% 2% 2% 5% 1% 3% 1% 2% PT 12% 5% 11% 8% 7% 4% 12% 12% RO 2% 1% 1% 2% 1% 1% 0% 2% SI 11% 7% 8% 20% 11% 18% 29% 11% SK 9% 6% 6% 15% 10% 9% 4% 9% FI 0% 12% 11% 0% 0% 0% 3% 0% SE 6% 10% 19% 17% 13% 19% 14% 6% UK 5% 5% 5% 7% 4% 8% 5% 5% EU 9% 9% 8% 9% 8% 9% 8% 9% CH 0% 13% 10% 12% 0% 3% 0% 0%

20 Seasonality Table 10 shows that in the EU countries, the peak period for fatalities on motorways is July/August (20%). However, the peak periods differ among countries. In the EU, the peak period for fatalities on motorways is July/August (20%). Table 10: Total number and distribution of fatalities on motorways by country and month, 2014 or latest available year Jan/Feb Mar/Apr May/Jun Jul/Aug Sep/Oct Nov/Dec Total BE 18% 19% 20% 18% 14% 11% 108 BG 8% 19% 17% 39% 3% 14% 36 CZ 8% 16% 32% 8% 20% 16% 25 DK 29% 21% 0% 7% 14% 29% 14 DE 10% 16% 19% 22% 19% 14% 375 EE IE 50% 0% 13% 13% 0% 25% 8 EL 16% 20% 14% 14% 25% 11% 56 ES 12% 12% 17% 22% 18% 19% 290 FR 15% 18% 15% 19% 16% 17% 220 HR 26% 13% 0% 39% 9% 13% 23 IT 12% 18% 21% 18% 20% 11% 287 CY 0% 33% 0% 33% 0% 33% 3 LV LT LU 33% 0% 0% 0% 67% 0% 3 HU 11% 15% 11% 30% 7% 26% 27 MT NL 12% 19% 23% 11% 16% 19% 57 AT 25% 11% 8% 25% 22% 8% 36 PL 0% 5% 30% 23% 27% 14% 56 PT 28% 4% 14% 18% 20% 16% 50 RO 10% 10% 19% 29% 5% 29% 21 SI 0% 13% 25% 13% 31% 19% 16 SK 0% 5% 16% 26% 47% 5% 19 FI 38% 0% 13% 38% 0% 13% 8 SE 10% 19% 23% 23% 10% 16% 31 UK 20% 17% 14% 20% 11% 19% 96 EU 13% 15% 18% 20% 18% 15% CH 0% 8% 25% 25% 25% 17% 12 Table 11 shows that in 2014 the highest percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on non-motorways, in EU, was almost 10% and was recorded in January and July, whereas the lowest respective percentage (7%) was recorded in February, November and December. It should be noted that the unknown road network fatalities are not included in the described results

21 The highest percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on non-motorways in the EU countries, in 2014, was 10% (July). Table 11: Percentage of fatalities on motorways per fatalities on nonmotorway road network by country and month, 2014 or latest available year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec BE 27% 20% 23% 15% 27% 14% 18% 26% 8% 23% 16% 6% BG 7% 0% 2% 9% 1% 8% 11% 4% 1% 0% 3% 5% CZ 2% 4% 6% 3% 10% 4% 1% 1% 3% 5% 0% 7% DK 0% 50% 14% 13% 0% 0% 0% 5% 8% 10% 0% 18% DE 19% 9% 20% 17% 20% 17% 19% 24% 20% 18% 11% 18% EE IE EL 10% 9% 11% 12% 8% 4% 3% 7% 9% 13% 0% 9% ES 16% 26% 8% 20% 25% 19% 27% 27% 19% 22% 20% 23% FR 8% 8% 7% 9% 5% 7% 8% 7% 5% 6% 9% 6% HR 31% 15% 12% 0% 0% 0% 10% 22% 4% 3% 8% 5% IT 12% 4% 13% 9% 11% 11% 13% 6% 8% 12% 7% 5% CY 0% 0% 33% 0% 0% 0% 11% 0% 0% 0% 0% 33% LV LT LU 0% - 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 29% 0% 0% HU 5% 2% 6% 2% 6% 2% 10% 7% 3% 2% 6% 5% MT NL 6% 22% 15% 19% 22% 17% 5% 14% 21% 10% 33% 26% AT 20% 9% 5% 6% 5% 2% 10% 17% 9% 21% 8% 4% PL 0% 0% 1% 1% 1% 7% 3% 3% 4% 2% 3% 1% PT 18% 21% 2% 3% 10% 5% 11% 5% 5% 15% 6% 8% RO 1% 1% 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 2% 1% 0% 2% 1% SI 0% 0% 22% 0% 33% 8% 25% 0% 45% 0% 0% 27% SK 0% 0% 3% 0% 0% 21% 11% 7% 26% 20% 5% 0% FI 6% 17% 0% 0% 7% 0% 3% 10% 0% 0% 0% 4% SE 6% 15% 24% 13% 24% 14% 9% 31% 8% 8% 15% 11% UK 12% 4% 5% 7% 3% 6% 7% 5% 3% 4% 4% 6% EU 10% 7% 8% 9% 9% 9% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% CH 0% 0% 0% 4% 0% 15% 9% 5% 19% 0% 5% 8% Although for 2014 the EU average monthly percentage was between 7% and 10%, there were considerably higher percentages in some countries in some months. A very high percentage of motorway fatalities occurred in Denmark in February (50%)

22 Notes 1. Country abbreviations Belgium BE Italy IT Romania RO Bulgaria BG Cyprus CY Slovenia SI Czech Republic CZ Latvia LV Slovakia SK Denmark DK Lithuania LT Finland FI Germany DE Luxembourg LU Sweden SE Estonia EE Hungary HU United Kingdom UK Ireland IE Malta MT Greece EL Netherlands NL Iceland IS Spain ES Austria AT Liechtenstein LI France FR Poland PL Norway NO Croatia HR Portugal PT Switzerland CH 2. Sources: CARE (Community database on road accidents) The full glossary of definitions of variables used in this Report is available at: 3. Data available in May Data refer to 2014 and when not available the latest available data are used (2009 data for BG, 2010 data for MT, and 2013 data for IE, SI and SK). Totals and related average percentages for EU also include latest available data. 5. Data for Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta not included in the totals. 6. At the commenting of the tables and figures, countries with small figures are omitted. 7. This 2016 edition of Traffic Safety Basic Facts updates the previous versions produced within the EU co-funded research projects SafetyNet and DaCoTA. 8. Disclaimer This report has been produced by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), the Austrian Road Safety Board (KFV) and the European Union Road Federation (ERF) under a contract with the European Commission. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, the Partners cannot accept any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another context. Any information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission s behalf may be held responsible for the use that may be made of the information contained therein. 9. Please refer to this Report as follows: European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts on Motorways, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, June

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