4.7% 5,994,700 99,110

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1 PA MONTHLY WORKSTATS LABOR FORCE JOBS UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION PA Monthly WorkStats presents the most up-to-date labor market highlights and happenings in the commonwealth. Information herein is produced and published monthly and includes data on the labor force, jobs, and unemployment compensation for both the state and select substate areas as well as relevant media reports. Additional details and historical information are available on our website: workstats.dli.pa.gov JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL OCT AUG NOV SEP DEC December 2017 Big Numbers 4.7% Unemployment Rate 5,994,700 Statewide Job Count 99,110 Initial Claims PA ended 2017 with a record number of jobs. Which industries contributed? Page 2 To read about the labor force participation rate please see Page 4 What are exhaustions? Page 6 Read snapshots from recent articles related to labor market data from across the state and from various industries Page 7 What is a discouraged worker? Back Page For additional information and resources, please contact: Center for Workforce Information & Analysis (CWIA) workforceinfo@pa.gov workstats.dli.pa.gov

2 CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS JOBS BY SUPERSECTOR JANUARY 2018 EDITION DECEMBER 2017 DATA (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) Change from December 2016 Industry Jobs Volume Percent Trend Total Nonfarm Jobs 5,994,700 62, % Goods-Producing Industries 830,500 9, % Mining & Logging 23, % Construction 254,000 11, % Manufacturing 553,000 (1,800) -0.3% Service-Providing Industries 5,164,200 53, % Trade, Transportation, & Utilities 1,127,600 2, % Information 83,000 (3,700) -4.3% Financial Activities 319,400 2, % Professional & Business Services 820,500 22, % Education & Health Services 1,268,100 20, % Leisure & Hospitality 588,100 14, % Other Services 260,000 (1,600) -0.6% Government 697,500 (3,400) -0.5% * Italics signifies the greatest over-the-year movement ** Highlighting signifies an all-time high Total nonfarm jobs were up 14,600 in December to a record high of 5,994,700. This was the second record high in a row due to an upward revision in November. Overall in 2017, jobs rose in seven of the 12 months. Five of these seven gains added more than 12,000 jobs and six of the increases set new record high levels. The largest monthly gain in December was an increase of 7,300 in leisure & hospitality. Leisure & hospitality and education & health services both set a record high level for the fourth time within the past five months. Within education & health services, both component sectors educational services and health care & social assistance were at record high levels in December. Leisure & hospitality s two component sectors arts, entertainment & recreation and accommodations & food services - were both at record levels in 2017, but only accommodations & food services set a new high in December. The largest decline in December was trade, transportation & utilities, which was down 4,300 due to declines in all three component sectors although the majority of the decline was due to retail trade. It has been 10 full years since the beginning of the recession in December 2007, and in that time Pennsylvania has added 183,200 jobs. The vast majority of gains were in the same three supersectors that were showing strong growth from December 2016 to December 2017 (education & health services +189,200, professional & business services +108,600, and leisure & hospitality +84,800). How Have Jobs Changed Over THE Long TERM? Percent of Total Nonfarm Jobs CHANGE IN SUPERSECTOR VOLUME 5-Year Growth 5-Year Decline Current 14% 22% 65% 12% 14% 74% Mining & Logging Construction Manufacturing Trade, Transportation, & Utilities Information Financial Activities Dec Dec Government Goods Producers Private Service Providers Education & health services led private service-providing growth over the past 25 years. Today, goods producers make up a smaller portion of total nonfarm jobs due to large declines in manufacturing. Professional & Business Services Education & Health Services Leisure & Hospitality Other Services Government Employment (in tens of thousands) Total nonfarm jobs in Pennsylvania expanded 4.7% (+266,600) from December 2012 through December Seven of the 11 supersectors added jobs. The largest volume change was in education & health services, which added 108,500 jobs in the past five years, while the largest percentage movement was a decline of 33.8% (-12,000) in mining & logging. 2

3 CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS JOBS BY METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA (MSA) JANUARY 2018 EDITION DECEMBER 2017 DATA MSA OVER-THE-YEAR JOB CHANGE (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) Change from December 2016 MSA Jobs Volume Percent Trend Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 363, % Altoona 60,400 (300) (0.5%) Erie 129,200 1, % Harrisburg-Carlisle 346,200 6, % Johnstown 56, % Lancaster 255,400 4, % Lebanon 51, % Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington 2,932,700 24, % Pittsburgh 1,186,100 20, % Reading 179,900 2, % Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton 264,100 3, % State College 77,400 (500) (0.6%) Williamsport 52,800 (500) (0.9%) York-Hanover 184,800 1, % Please note the four newly defined MSAs are not shown as they do not yet have seasonally adjusted data. * Italics signifies the greatest over-the-year movement ** Highlighting signifies an all-time high (MSA industry data are not seasonally adjusted) Eleven of the 14 MSAs had positive over-the-year job growth, while three had over-the-year losses. Both the Lancaster and Pittsburgh MSAs reached alltime highs for the number of jobs. Over the past year, the growth in the Lancaster MSA was driven primarily by increases in trade, transportation, & utilities, professional & business services, and mining, logging, & construction. Over the past year, the growth in the Pittsburgh MSA was primarily attributable to increases in construction, professional & business services, and leisure & hospitality. The largest volume increase in jobs over the past year occurred in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington MSA. Jobs increased in both goods-producing and serviceproviding industries, with the bulk of the gains occurring in the latter. Gains were spread across several serviceproviding industries, with the largest being in professional & business services. Despite the strong performance among service-providing industries, relatively large losses were reported in both retail trade and federal government jobs. The largest percentage increase in jobs over the past year occurred in the Harrisburg-Carlisle MSA. Jobs increased in both goods-producing and service-providing industries, with the larger percentage increase occurring among goods-producing industries. All reported goodsproducing sectors and subsectors added jobs over this period. Service-providing industries also performed well, with the exception of notable losses in state government. (based on non-seasonally adjusted MSA industry data) Thirteen of the 18 MSAs had more private sector jobs than they did 10 years ago, while only five had fewer. Thirteen of the 18 MSAs had fewer government jobs than they did 10 years ago, four had more, while there was no change in the number of government jobs in the Erie MSA. The Lancaster MSA added the largest percentage of private sector jobs over the past 10 years. Service-providing industries added more than 20,000 jobs over this period, while goods-producing industries saw total jobs decrease by more than 5,000. The largest percentage increases among service-providing sectors and subsectors occurred in state government, other services, and transportation, warehousing & utilities. The Johnstown MSA lost the largest percentage of private sector jobs over the past 10 years. There were fewer jobs in every service-providing sector for which data are reported than there were 10 years ago, with the lone exception of education & health services, which was up more than eight percent. The largest percentage increase in government jobs over the past 10 years occurred in the Bloomsburg-Berwick MSA. Total government jobs were up over this period, but the increase appears to be entirely driven by an increase of nearly 30 percent in state government jobs. MSA 10-YEAR JOB CHANGE (not seasonally adjusted) public versus private INDUSTRIES York-Hanover Public (positive) Public (negative) Private (positive) * Data are not seasonally adjusted, scale indicates percentage Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Bloomsburg-Berwick Chambersburg-Waynesboro East Stroudsburg Erie Gettysburg Harrisburg-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington Pittsburgh Reading Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton State College Williamsport Private (negative) 3

4 LOCAL AREA UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS LABOR FORCE FOR PENNSYLVANIA AND THE UNITED STATES JANUARY 2018 EDITION DECEMBER 2017 DATA (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) 4.7% PA December 2017 Employment 6,093,000 Unemployment 299, % 4.1% PA November 2017 U.S. December 2017 Employment 6,101,000 Unemployment 296,000 Employment 154,021,000 Unemployment 6,576,000 Pennsylvania s unemployment rate rose to 4.7 percent this month, up one-tenth of a percentage point. It was the first increase after four consecutive decreases and was the sixth month without an increase. Labor force was down 5,000 in December, the seventh consecutive decrease, which brought it to its lowest level since April Employment declined by 8,000 from last month, it was the lowest level since it was tied in August 2016 and was 60,000 below the record high set in May. December was the seventh consecutive month without an employment increase and was the third largest decline during that stretch. Unemployment increased 3,000 in December to its highest level in three months. This was the first increase after five consecutive decreases. (in thousands) 6,500 6,475 6,450 6,425 6,400 6,375 Current Population Survey (CPS) DATA Unemployment Rate: 12-Month Moving Average (by Percent) Dec Nov Dec Total Gender Race Age Education Labor Force November Female Male Black White Less than HS HS Diploma AD / Some College BD or Higher People with Disabilities (in thousands) 6,200 6,125 6,050 5,975 5,900 Employment November State Name and National Rank Among All States (in thousands) Unemployment November SELECT STATES UNEMPLOYMENT RATES (RANK) PA (42) WI (8) VA (20) MD (24) NY (37) DE (37) MI (42) OH (42) IL (45) NJ WV (46) (48) Over-the-month Increase Over-the-month Decline Current Rate 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% Since 2005, only five months have had a lower labor force participation rate (LFPR) than December, in each of those months the rate was only one-tenth lower. During this period only five other months equaled December. All the rates that were equal or below the current rate have occurred since Percent Unemployment Rate November Veterans Participation Rate 62.4% 62.3% 63.3% Employment/Population Ratio 59.4% 59.3% 59.8% Underemployment Rate (U-6) 9.4% 9.3% 10.6% Discouraged Workers 22,300 22,500 21,800 Part-Time for Economic Reasons 217, , ,700 Avg. Duration of Unemployment (weeks) Long-term Unemployed (>26 weeks) 74,700 74,500 78,100 During the past three months the U-6 rate has been 9.3 or 9.4 percent; prior to October, the rate had not been as low since December Between January 2005 (the start of the series) and December 2008, the U-6 was never as high as the December 2017 level. December s count of discouraged workers was at its lowest level of the past six months, but was higher than any of the 12 months prior to that span. The current month s count of discouraged workers was less than half that of the peak (45,800) set in February Between the series start (January 2005) and July 2009, the count was never above this month s level. 4

5 LOCAL AREA UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS LABOR FORCE FOR SELECT LOCAL AREAS JANUARY 2018 EDITION DECEMBER 2017 DATA (SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) In December, the unemployment rate and volume of unemployment over the year fell in all 67 counties. The unemployment rate decreases over the year ranged from -0.1 percentage points in Cumberland, Dauphin, Lebanon, Lehigh, Mifflin, Montgomery, Montour, Perry, and Pike counties to -1.8 percentage points in Potter County. The rate decreased by -0.7 percentage points (the statewide decrease) in three counties. County Unemployment Rates Employment over the year increased in 21 counties and decreased in 46. The largest volume increase was in Lancaster County (+1,300), while the largest volume decrease was in Philadelphia County (-5,600). The largest percentage increase was in Sullivan County (+2.7 percent), while the largest percentage decrease was in Venango County (-2.2 percent). Of the 67 counties, only six had over-the-year increases in labor force in December. The increases were small in absolute terms, with the largest volume increase being in Adams County (+600), while Sullivan County (+1.4 percent) experienced the largest percentage increase. The largest over-the-year percentage decrease in labor force was in Venango County (-3.9 percent), while the largest volume decrease in labor force was in Philadelphia County (-7,300). < 4.2% 4.2% - 5.1% 5.2% - 6.1% > 6.1% Unemployment Rate by MSA Over-the-month direction of change and 10-year maximum and minimum range Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton Altoona Bloomsburg-Berwick Chambersburg-Waynesboro East Stroudsburg Erie Gettysburg Harrisburg-Carlisle Johnstown Lancaster Lebanon Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington Pittsburgh Reading Scranton--Wilkes-Barre--Hazleton State College Williamsport York-Hanover Unemployment Rate (percent) In December, all 18 MSAs experienced overthe-year decreases in unemployment rates and volumes. The Johnstown MSA had the largest rate decrease (-1.1 percentage points), while the smallest rate decrease (-0.1 percentage points) was in the Lebanon MSA. Over the year, the volume of employment increased in five MSAs and decreased in the remaining 13. Over that period, of those five MSAs, the labor force increased in only the Gettysburg and the Lancaster MSAs, where their increases in the volume of employment was greater than their decreases in the volume of unemployment. The over-the-year percentage changes in labor force and employment were relatively muted among the 18 MSAs. The Gettysburg MSA experienced the largest over-the-year percentage increases in both employment (+1.5 percent) and in labor force (+1.1 percent). The Williamsport MSA had the largest over-the-year percentage decrease in employment (-2.0 percent) and the largest over-the-year percentage decrease labor force (-2.9 percent). The over-the-year percentage decreases in the volume of the unemployed were larger in magnitude and more varied. The two largest over-the-year declines in labor force were in the Philadelphia-Camden- Wilmington (-15,500) and Pittsburgh (-9,200) MSAs. This was primarily because they also experienced the largest over-the-year decreases in their unemployment volume. Unemployment fell by 8,700 in the Pittsburgh MSA and by 6,800 in the Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington MSA. The Chambersburg-Waynesboro and Johnstown MSAs had the largest over-the-year percentage decreases in unemployment (-19.8 percent and percent respectively). 5

6 UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION CLAIMS AND BENEFITS AT A GLANCE JANUARY 2018 EDITION DECEMBER 2017 DATA (NOT SEASONALLY ADJUSTED) Duration of Claims and EXHAUSTION R ate Did You Know? Exhaustion Rate (percent) Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q Average Duration (in weeks) What are exhaustions? Number of claimants drawing the final payments of their original entitlements for a given program. What are weeks paid/weeks compensated? The number of weeks claimed for which UI benefits are paid. Weeks compensated for partial unemployment are included. Interstate claims are counted in the paying state. Number of Individuals Who Received UC Benefits (Regular UC Only) For the week ending December 30, 2017: 127,475 For the week ending November 25, 2017: 97,256 For the week ending December 31, 2016: 140,027 Initial and Continued Claims Over The Past 26 Months Initial Claims (in thousands) Continued Claims (in thousands) 10 N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D 90 6

7 PENNSYLVANIA EMPLOYER ACTIVITY PRESS UPDATE JANUARY 2018 EDITION PA Monthly WorkStats Press Update The update below presents blurbs from recent articles related to labor market data from across the state and from various industries. Please note that while these updates may cover reporters (or other) attempts to explain labor market data, CWIA and L&I serve to report these numbers and do not endorse any explanations that may or may not be included below. Americaclosed.com January 29, 2018 Scranton School District Layoffs: Board Cuts 51 Teacher Jobs Due to $40 million Budget Deficit The Scranton School District job cuts follow a number other cuts that the board has put into motion, all in an effort to cut its sizable deficit. Aside from teachers, the Scranton School District layoffs affect 40 maintenance employees. Of the 51 teaching positions being shed, 28 are tenured. All district librarians are set to be laid off. Some subjects will face severe cuts, including physical education, art, music, and language. The plan comes into effect on August teachers-jobs-due-40-million-budget-deficit/ cpbj.com Jan. 3, 2018 Global company expanding York County facilities, adding 300-plus jobs Supporting the growth of its mobile-phone repair business, Fortune 500 company Assurant is expanding its two facilities in Manchester Township, York County. The $4 million expansion was announced today by Gov. Tom Wolf s office. The move is expected to create 307 jobs for the public company locally, the Governor s Office noted. triblive.com Dec. 31, 2017 Southwestern Pa. lost thousands of manufacturing jobs in 2017 Aquion Energy, which made saltwater battery systems to store energy, shut down production in East Huntingdon in October and cut 70 jobs in favor of moving to a lower-cost facility in China. In northern Westmoreland County, Akers National Roll/Union Electric Steel in Avonmore temporarily idled its plant in April, cutting about 157 jobs. The losses at Aquion Energy, Akers National Roll and DME were among the 3,576 manufacturing jobs lost in the seven-county Pittsburgh region through layoffs and plant closings from January through October 2017, the latest month for which data is available, according to the state Center for Workforce Information & Analysis

8 BEHIND THE DATA DEFINITIONS SOURCES WEB RESOURCES LOCAL AREA UNEMPLOYMENT STATISTICS (LAUS) This program measures employment and unemployment by place of residence. The LAUS program does not produce estimates for any demographic groups. Employment: All persons who (a) did any work as paid employees, self-employed, agricultural workers, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid family workers, or (b) were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent. Each employed person is counted only once, even if the person holds more than one job. Unemployment: All persons aged 16 years and older who had no employment, were available for work, and had made specific efforts to find employment. Includes persons who were waiting to be recalled to jobs from which they had been laid off. Labor Force: All persons classified as employed or unemployed. Unemployment Rate: The number of unemployed divided by the labor force. LAUS data is produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY (CPS) Discouraged Workers: Persons not in the labor force who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months, but who are not currently looking because they believe there are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. Discouraged workers are not included in the unemployment count. Duration of Unemployment: The length of time in weeks that an unemployed person has been looking for work. Labor Force Participation Rate: The labor force divided by the civilian non-institutional population. Employment to Population Ratio: The proportion of the civilian non-institutional population aged 16 years and over that is employed. Part Time for Economic Reasons: Persons who would like to work full time but were working part time because of an economic reason such as decreased working hours or they were unable to find full-time jobs. Long-term Unemployed: Persons who have been unemployed for greater than 26 weeks. Underemployment Rate (U-6): The number of unemployed plus those people working part time who would like full-time jobs plus those who have dropped out of the labor market entirely and still want a job divided by the labor force plus those who have dropped out of the labor market entirely and still want a job. CURRENT EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS (CES) This collaborative effort between the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics and the states produces a count of jobs, not of people. Nonfarm Jobs: The total number of persons on establishment payrolls employed full or part time. Persons on the payroll of more than one establishment are counted in each establishment. Data exclude proprietors, self-employed, unpaid family or volunteer workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Persons on layoff, strike, or leave without pay for the entire period, or who have not yet reported for work are not counted as employed. Government employment covers only civilian employees. Seasonal Adjustment: Removes the change in employment that is due to normal seasonal hiring or layoffs (holidays, weather, etc.) thus leaving an over-the-month change that reflects only employment changes due to trend and irregular movements. Note - Agricultural employment is excluded due to the relative difficulty of gathering timely employment information in the rural farming sector. Many agricultural workers are exempt from unemployment insurance and many are self-employed. As such, there is not a good source of data to verify the accuracy and reliability of the sample-based survey data. CES data is produced by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Labor & Industry UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION (UC) The Federal-State Unemployment Compensation (UC) Program provides unemployment benefits to eligible workers who are unemployed through no fault of their own and meet other eligibility requirements of State law. Regular UC: Provides up to 26 weeks of benefits. Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC): A temporary, federally-funded extension of unemployment benefits for those who have exhausted their Regular UC benefits. Extended Benefits (EB): A temporary extension of unemployment benefits available to individuals who have exhausted their Regular UC benefits and any temporary EUC. Initial Claims: The count of notices of unemployment requesting a determination of eligibility and entitlement for UC benefits. A person can file multiple claims. Continued Claims: The number of weeks that claimants are requesting payment of unemployment benefits. These claims include waiting weeks which do not receive payment and claims that are subsequently denied benefits. Individual Payments: The distinct count of individuals who received unemployment compensation benefits. Exhaustees: The count of individuals who have drawn the maximum entitled amount of benefits. CWIA-19 REV Auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities. Equal Opportunity Employer/Program