Doing more with less Bogdan ATANASIU, Paolo BERTOLDI EC Joint Research Centre IE - Institute for Energy

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1 Petten, 26 Nov Doing more with less Bogdan ATANASIU, Paolo BERTOLDI EC Joint Research Centre IE - Institute for Energy Ispra, Italy

2 Why energy efficiency? Petten, 26 Nov % of man-made CO2 emissions are due to energy use; There is no interest to consume energy, there is a demand for energy services: clean shirts, warm and bright rooms, cold beer, hot coffee We consume too much energy with too less technical efficiency! End-use equipment and buildings are not the most efficient or the one what minimise total life cycle cost. Many individual choices determine energy demand. Most of these choices are not the rational one, but depend on culture, available financing, knowledge, etc. In fact there are several well studied barriers Policies tend to eliminate or reduce these barriers

3 EU-27 energy chart 2/3 waste!! Petten, 26 Nov /3 use

4 Investments in energy efficiency pay off Petten, 26 Nov End-use efficiency is recognised as the fastest and cheapest way to reduce CO2 emissions by Global GHG abatement cost curve beyond business-as-usual (McKinsey & Co.)

5 Sectoral economic potential for global mitigation 2030 Petten, 26 Nov IPCC AR4 WGIII Figure SPM.6.

6 EU primary energy consumption by 2020 Petten, 26 Nov Achieving the 20% saving objective 2005: 1705 Mtoe - 13 % - 20% Source: European Commission Projections PRIMES 2007 GIC-NEU (Mtoe) Statistical data ESTAT GIC-NEU (Mtoe) 20% primary energy saving objective compared to PRIMES 2007 BAU projections for linear reduction (base year 2005) Expected primary energy savings from energy efficiency policies adopted by the EU before the Nov 08 EE package Objective in 2020: 1420 Mtoe

7 Action Plan for Energy Efficiency Petten, 26 Nov Important energy saving potentials to be realised by 2020 through energy efficiency measures Mtoe Households (residential) and commercial buildings (tertiary) Transport Industry % share, in % 31% 28% Estimated energy saving potential by % 26% 25%

8 Energy efficiency activities at REU Petten, 26 Nov re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/energyefficiency/ 3. EC voluntary programmes 1. Electricity end-use efficiency in buildings in MS and Candidate Countries MotorChallenge GreenBuilding GreenLight 2. Policy Analysis - Energy Service Companies - Financing - background support for EU energy efficiency policy (white certificates) 4. Codes of Conduct&Energy Star EU actions to improve energy efficiency on electrical equipment while either off and stand-by

9 Policy Analysis (1) Petten, 26 Nov Support to the Energy Service Directive (2006/32/EC) Assessment of the NEEAPs Tradable certificates for energy savings (white certificates) Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) across the European Union and beyond Financing Energy Efficiency Projects

10 Policy Analysis (2) Petten, 26 Nov Support for the Covenant of Mayors More than 700 cities (from London and Paris to small villages) have committed to reduce CO2 emission by more than 20% JRC developing methodologies and guidelines for Sustainable Energy Plans, supply assistance to cities to develop SEAP, and finally will assess all SEAPs

11 Codes of Conducts Petten, 26 Nov Flexible mechanism to initiate and develop policy Led by European Commission Joint Research Centre Forum for industry, experts and Member States Open and continuous dialogue on market and product performance Identify and focus on key issues and agree solutions Set ambitious voluntary standards and commitments Since 2002 Codes of Conduct on: 1. External Power Supply Units 2. Digital TV Services 3. Broadband 4. Uninterruptible Power Supplies 5. Data Centres

12 Code of Conducts - Aims Petten, 26 Nov To raise awareness among managers, owners, investors, with targeted information and material on the opportunity to improve efficiency. To provide an open process and forum for discussion representing European stakeholder requirements. To create and provide an enabling tool for industry to implement costeffective energy saving opportunities To develop a set of easily understood metrics to measure the current efficiencies and improvement. To produce a common set of principles in harmonisation with other international initiatives. To support procurement, by providing criteria for equipment (based on the Energy Star Programme specifications, when available, and other Codes of Conducts), and best practice recommendation for complex systems. Set efficiency targets, for public and corporate data centre owners and operators (targets could be differentiated according to the status of existing data centres, the geographical location, the return on investments, etc).

13 EC voluntary programmes Petten, 26 Nov GreenLight EC Voluntary initiative to reduce lighting energy use in the commercial sector and street lighting today: 512 partners, 206 endorsers MotorChallenge EC voluntary programme through which companies commit to energy efficiency measures in Motor Driven Systems (pumps, compressor, motors, fans) today: 79 partners, 69 endorsers GreenBuilding EC voluntary programme through which companies commit to energy efficiency measures in non-residential buildings today: 75 partners, 32 endorsers

14 Electricity end-use consumption and energy savings in European Union Petten, 26 Nov Available at:

15 Final Energy consumption EU-27 (2007) Petten, 26 Nov Final energy consumption in 2007 (EU-27) Transport 32,06% Agriculture 2,02% Residential 28,6% Industry 19,35% Electricity 21,12% Services 26,66% Industry 40,44% Services 5,6% Residential 18,63% Agriculture 1,8% Transport 2,52% 1157,654 Mtoe 244,47 Mtoe

16 Final Electricity consumption EU-27 (2007) Petten, 26 Nov : 2140,7 TWh 583,4 433,1 32,8% 2007: 2843,24 TWh 800,7 760,4 978,5 1149, agriculture transport industry tertiary residential

17 Residential consumption in EU-27 (2007) Petten, 26 Nov : 263,42 Mtoe 8% 2007: 284,55 Mtoe ,83 46,53 [Mtoe] ,60 238, Final energy consumption EU15 NMS : 78,27 Mtoe 44,6% 2007: 113,18 Mtoe 11,98 [Mtoe] ,84 68,43 101, Gas consumption EU15 NMS12

18 Residential: Final electricity consumption in EU-27 (2007) Petten, 26 Nov : 583,4 TWh 37,2% 2007: 800,7 TWh 87, ,46 [TWh] ,96 712, EU-15 NMS-12

19 Cold appliances - EU-27 Petten, 26 Nov ,1 0,0 [%] 9,1 18,5 12,4 23,6 39,1 38,1 60,7 60,4 38,6 67,1 41,9 64,5 14,6 24,6 10,0 24,4 6,6 3,8 1,7 11,2 10,4 2,4 10,0 1,0 1,8 1, MS of EU-15 8 Central European countries Others C B A +A ++A

20 EEI for cold appliances sales Petten, 26 Nov % ,1 93,9 91,8 88, ,3 79,3 72, ,6 64,75 65,6 63,68 60,9 57,95 54,76 60,137 56,679 56, EEI EU-15 EEI NMS-12

21 EEI for washing machines sales Petten, 26 Nov [k W h / k g ] 0,3 0,2 0,249 0,242 0,234 0,228 0,219 0,213 0,211 0,205 0,214 0,200 0,191 0,175 0,174 0, EU-15 NMS&CC

22 Petten, 26 Nov

23 Lighting EU-27, 2007 Petten, 26 Nov Lighting: 10% of the final electricity consumption in EU-27: Residential: 84TWh/yr in 2007 Tertiary - offices: 164,5 TWh/yr in 2007 Street lighting: 36 TWh/yr in 2007

24 JRC lighting survey 2006 (1) Petten, 26 Nov Households with CFLs [%] ES LV EE LT BG EI RO FIN GR UK MT PL SK FR PT SE IT NL HU DK AT DE LU CZ SI BE CY CFLs per households 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 3,0 2,0 1,0 0,0 6,5 4, ,3 2,9 2,5 2,26 2, ,5 1,7 0,42 0,5 0, ,25 0,2 2,5 4,9 RO EE LT LV BG PL IT FIN GR HU MT SK EI PT CY ES LU SI UK FR BE CZ SE AT NL DK DE (source JRC)

25 JRC lighting survey 2006 (2) Petten, 26 Nov scenario 1 scenario 2 no. of additional CFL's [milions] savings [TWh] no. of additional CFL's [milions] savings [TWh] EU ,85 9, ,30 NMS , ,35 EU ,85 12, ,85 (source JRC) From our study, in the residential sector a total replacement of incandescent lamps with CFLs can save in whole EU-27 some 44TWh!

26 Lighting EU-27, 2007 Petten, 26 Nov In March 2009 the European Commission adopted an eco-design regulation to improve the energy efficiency of household lamps, which envisages the progressive phase-out of incandescent bulbs starting in 2009 and finishing at the end of 2012.

27 Residential electricity consumption Petten, 26 Nov : 800,72 TWh/yr EU-27 residential electricity consumption [TWh] [%] 5,3% 5,4% 1,9% 2,7% 15,2% 6,4% 2,7% 7,5% Residential electricity consumption Heating systems/electric boilers Cold appliances Lighting Water heaters 800, , ,73 15,24 10,49 8,59 1,2% Electric ovens & hobs 60 7,49 6,7% 4,4% Television 54 6,74 2,7% Washing machines 51 6,37 10,5% 8,6% Home appliances stand-by Air-conditioning (cooling & heating) ,37 4,37 18,7% cold appliances washing machines dishwashers electric ovens&hobs air-conditioning (cooling&heating) ventilation water heaters heating systems/electric boilers lighting television set top boxes computers external power supplies home appliances stand-by others Computers Ventilation Dishwashers External power supplies Set-top boxes ,5 15,5 9,3 3,25 2,75 2,69 1,94 1,16 Others 42,6 5,32

28 Tertiary electricity consumption Petten, 26 Nov ,9% 2007: 760,43 TWh/yr 3,4% 0,9% 1,2% 4,1% 21,6% EU-27 tertiary electricity in 2007 Total final consumption Office lighting Space and water heating [TWh] 760, [%] ,57 19,73 Ventilation 96 12,62 6,8% 4,7% Commercial refrigeration Circulators 65, ,657 6,838 5,0% Pumps 45 5,918 12,6% Cooking appliances 40 5,26 Air-conditioning (cooling & heating) 38 4,997 5,3% 8,7% Office appliances stand-by Imaging equipments Street lighting Space and water heating Cooking appliances Circulators Miscellaneous 19,7% Computers Office lighting Air-conditioning (cooling & heating) Commercial refrigeration Ventilation Pumps Street lighting Computers Office appliances stand-by Imaging equipments Miscellaneous , ,17 4,734 3,419 1,24 0,921 4,099

29 Eco-design & Labelling : estimated savings by 2020 Petten, 26 Nov Measure Domestic lighting (ecodesign) Street & office lighting (ecodesign) Freezers & refrigerators (ecodesign & labelling) Washing machines (ecodesign & labelling) Dishwashers (ecodesign & labelling) Televisions (ecodesign & labelling) Stand-by (ecodesign) Simple set-top boxes (ecodesign) External power supplies (ecodesign) Electric motors (ecodesign) Circulators (ecodesign) Total savings (annual by 2020) Estimated savings (annual by 2020) [TWh] Estimated savings CO 2 equiv. (annual by 2020)* [Mt] 8,8-34,6 10,2-17, , ,6-13,2 143,2-229,2 Measure adoption March-09 Feb-09 Jul Jul-09 Dec-08 Jan-09 Mar-09 Jul-09 Jul-09 12% of final electricity consumption (2007) 2,6-4% of Kyoto EU-27 (5564Mt CO 2 e)

30 Conclusions Petten, 26 Nov There is a large potential to further improve energy efficiency in buildings (about 25%) in Europe and elsewhere. It requires efficient solutions and new technologies both for the buildings shell and for the equipment, including renewable energy sources. Attention must be paid to existing buildings, and incentives and solutions for the building refurbishment needs to be introduced. Policies and programmes are needed: information (labelling and smart metering), minimum efficiency standards, and incentives. It is required a change in behaviour and life style (smaller homes, less equipment, less cooling, walking, etc.).

31 Petten, 26 Nov THANK YOU!