Operative flood protection and recent developments in Romania

Transcription

1 MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE FLOOD PROTECTION AND WATER MANAGEMENT RELATED ISSUES IN THE DANUBE REGION TO SHARE EXPERIENCES, BEST PRACTICES AND NEW INITIATIONS Operative flood protection and recent developments in Romania Daniela Radulescu Director N.I. Water Management & Hydrology Marius Matreata Director NCHF - N.I. Water Management & Hydrology Viorel Chendes Director Tech. - N.I. Water Management & Hydrology Sorin Rindasu Director Emergency Situation - N.A. Romanian Water Dan Constantin Emergency Situation Department NA Romanian Water Mosonmagyaróvár

2 CONTENT: 1.Short list of recent extreme flood events in Romania-facts; 2. Actors in flood risk management; 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; -flood hazard &risk evaluation in Ro; -ongoing projects, further needs and follow up 4. Water field needs - Conclusion 5. Relevant statistics & Questions

3 Short list of recent extreme flood events in Romania; facts; Vulnerability degree at the counties level in the period and flooding events 2005,2006,2008, 2010, 2014,2016 TIMIS ARAD BIHOR CARAS -SEVERIN SATU- MARE SALAJ CLUJ HUNEDOARA MEHEDINTI GORJ ALBA DOLJ MARAMURES BISTRITA- NASAUD MURES SIBIU SUCEAVA HARGHITA BRASOV COVASNA NEAMT VALCEA PRAHOVA ARGES DAMBOVITA OLT ILFOV GIURGIU TELEORMAN BOTOSANI BACAU BUZAU IASI BUCHAREST CALARASI VASLUI VRANCEA GALATI IALOMITA BRAILA CONSTANTA TULCEA 7000,0 6000,0 5000,0 4000,0 3000,0 2000,0 1000,0 0,0 5975,2 2128,9 1446,7 1384,5 1251,2 586,0 636,6 578,0 638,5565,9 52,0 37,4 221,8 425,0 292,0235,2 258,9333,2 362,3 369,0 95,8 156,3 136,8 1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 Damag e Strong affected areas in 2005 Strong affected areas in 2006 Strong affected areas in 2008 Strong affected areas in 2010 affected areas in 2014, 2016 Dm Average Damages (Bil. RON) Dtot- Total Damages (Bil. RON) Very high vulnerability High vulnerability Average vulnerability Less vulnerability Climate change effect? Anthropic influence? Damage quantification error? Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Disaster databases are a disaster

4 Facts for Romania : -183 fatalities biggest no. in UE evacuated people third place in UE mil Euro from EU Solidarity Fund four place in UE -Total cost of flood impact 6300 mil. Euro seven place UE -43,900 houses damaged biggest no. in UE Study on Economic and Social Benefits of Environmental Protection and Resource Efficiency Related to the European Semester -DG Environment - February 2014

5 Extrap. Cost of Damage (mil. ) POPULATION GDP/INHAB ( ) GDP/INHAB ( ) Cost/Pop normalised cost 1 GERMANY ,2 413,57 1,01 2 POLAND ,6 629,66 4,63 3 UK ,8 376,35 1,02 4 ITALY ,8 185,38 0,59 5 FRANCE ,7 133,70 0,35 6 CZECH ,6 780,88 2,78 7 ROMANIA ,7 282,22 3,19 8 PORTUGAL ,6 575,15 2,95 9 AUSTRIA ,6 645,87 1,42 10 GREECE ,4 403,70 1,99 11 HUNGARY ,2 272,48 2,02 Romania: Damage cost: 282,2 Euro/Inhab 11 years; 25.6 euro/yrs&inhab (including houses, road, bridges, flood defense infrastructure, etc) Insurance cost for houses: 10euro/yrs rural, 20 euro/yrs urban (?) No. of houses: cca No. of houses insured 2016: cca

6 2. Actors in flood risk management; NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OTHER MINISTERIAL COMMITTEES MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS COUNTY COMMITTEES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS Technical Support Groups for emergency situations management induced by floods, dangerous meteorological situations, accidents at hydraulic structures and accidental pollutions LOCAL COMMITTEES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OPERATIVE CENTRES GENERAL INSPECTORATE FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS National Operation Centre for Emergency Situations OTHER OPERATIVE CENTRES MWF-Operative Centre with permanent activity for emergency situations COUNTY INSPECTORATES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS County Operation Centre for Emergency Situations COUNTY WATER MANAGEMENT UNITS OPERATIVE CENTRES POTENTIAL POLLUTION UNITS WATER USERS OTHER HYDRAULIC WORKS OWNERS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION NATIONAL AGENCIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGIONAL AGENCIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCIES NMA NHI -WM RMC THE ROMANIAN WATERS NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OPERATIVE CENTRE WATER DIRECTORATES BASIN COMMITTEES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS OPERATIVE CENTRES

7 Ministry of Environment and Climate Change NA Romanian Water ANAR MAIN OWNERS OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES FLOOD ACTORS Ministry of Economy Hidroelectrica Ministry of Agriculture NA of Land Reclamation ANIF Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Romsilva -78,905 KM WATERCOURSES -11,135 kilometers irrigation -122 NATURAL LAKES -307 WATER STORAGES WITH 7.2 BIL. CU.M. VOLUME KM DIKES FOR CITIES, VILLAGES, LANDS PROTECTION KM RIVER BANK STABILISATION WORKS KM CANALS -59 PUMPS STATIONS -275 reservoirs with hydropower plant -Pi 6374 MW -irrigation channels 39,738 km - Pipelines buried 3835 km Pumping Stations -Combating soil erosion 57,529 kilometers kilometers dykes on the Danube kilometers dikes in the interior rivers -103 Dams The total area of national forest 6.4 million ha - Public ownership of the state 4.2 million ha (65.6%) Lands covered with forest 6.2 million ha - Public ownership of the state 4.1 million ha (66.1%) County Councils: 41 counties, commune including villages

8 3.FLOODS RISK MANAGEMENT Legal framework and implementation steps Directive 2007/60/EC (Floods Directive) transposed into the national legislation (Water Law 107/1996 with further amendments) National Strategy for Flood Risk Management on medium and long term (G.D. 846/2010) Government Decision 972/2016 for approval of Flood Risk Management Plans 1) Preliminary flood risk assessment ) Flood Hazard and Risk maps ) Flood Risk Management Plan st Meeting of WG Flood March 2017, Bucharest Topics: Climate Change

9 TYPE OF FLOODING CONSIDERED -mainly for fluvial flood -artificial water bearing -important flash flood events 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; Areas with Potential Significant Flood Risk APSFR Needs Associated hazard maps for flash flood is possible? Pluvial flood? Groundwater?

10 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; National Plan for Floods Protection, Prevention and Mitigation Objectives (main results): flood hazard maps, as a component of the flood risk management plans, required in fact, as well, by the Flood Directive. proposal of certain measures / development scenarios (structural and non-structural measures) a)study areas delineation b)lidar scanning and/or FLI-MAP and aero - photogrammetry c)topographical survey d)data processing for DTM e)hydrological analysis; f)hydraulic modeling 1D or 2D g)hazard mapping h)identification of different scenarios of measures to reduce the floods risk i)strategic Environmental Assessment

11 HAZARD 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION SCHEME- QUALITATIVE APROACH HAZARD (10,100,1000 YRS) HAZARD ASSESSMENT INDEX LEVEL OF MAGNITUDE DEPTH H1 LOW <0.5 m H2 MEDIUM m H2 HIGH >1.5m RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITY RISK V1 V2 V3 LOW MEDIUM HIGH H1 LOW R1 R1 R2 H2 MEDIUM R1 R2 R3 H3 HIGH R2 R3 R3

12 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; FLOODS DIRECTIVE 3 rd STAGE OF IMPLEMENTATION FRMP DEVELOPMENT MAIN METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS

13 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; CATALOG OF NATIONAL POTENTIAL MEASURES a very useful instrument in defining the potential measures that can reduce flood risk, mainly due to the wide range of potential measures, from which each R.B.A. have chosen the appropriate type of measure. Prevention (3/23) Protection (11/23) Public awareness of flood risk (2/23) Measures proposed (23 types of measures ) follow the 5 areas of action Restoration/ Reconstructio n (3/23) Preparednes s (4/23) Examples are provided for each type of measure (the list is not exhaustive); Measures are grouped depending on measure applicability level (national, river basin, local); In accordance with EU Guidelines and G.D. Environment and G.D. Regio recommendations, a special attention was given to the nonstructural measures.

14 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; Potential measures for flood risk management at A.P.S.F.R. level - examples - Non-structural measures Structural measures Non-structural measures to reduce the likelihood of floods: - Measures to restore retention areas; - Natural water retention measures by changing or adapting land-use practices in agriculture and forest management Non-structural measures to increase resilience to flooding: - Measures to increase community awareness; - Measures to improve the flood forecast system; - Measures on emergency management - Measures to increase the channel cross-section; - Protective measures along watercourse -Dam safety and rehabilitation -Other retention measures

15 Win Win Measures proposed within the Catalog of national potential measures Field of action Protecti on Measure Category Natural water retention measures - associated to watercourses, wetlands, natural lakes, in accordance with Directive 2000/60 /EC Code Type as E.C. M34 Code Type as RO RO_M 04 Type of measure Measures to restore retention areas (flood plains, wetlands etc.) Code of Measure RO_M04-1 RO_M04-2 Measures (example) Creating new wetlands Floodplain reconnection and restoration RO_M04-3 River re-meandering Level of applicati on A.P.S.F.R. A.P.S.F.R. A.P.S.F.R.

16 Win Win Measures Proposed in THE FRMPs Measure type Measures to restore retention areas (flood plains, wetlands etc.) Measure code RO_M04-1 (Creating new wetlands) RO_M04-2 (Floodplain reconnection and restoration) RO_M04-3 (River re-meandering) Someş -Tisa River Basin Authorities Crişuri Jiu Olt Siret Prut - Bârlad Total

17 Beavers habitat - Conflicts and potential management In Romania it is unknown the exact number of copies, but certainly the largest population is living in the river Olt Superior (Braşov Covasna and Harghita). Increasingly conflicts are often reported because people and beavers use the same territories. Behind dams built by the beavers are flooded farmlands, the reduced unloading capacity of the drainage channels by increasing the levels in streams and blocking evictions felling of trees and crop losses (corn, beet, cereal) in areas bordering water courses (up to 200 m). Recent rehabilitation of Brasov airport was stopped because of potential beavers habitats being affected and also some dike failure occurring on the upper part of Negru river Olt. In this circumstances the need to develop a proactive management of the beaver population arose with the criteria to be as fast as possible.

18 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; Way forward for second cycle of implementation of the FD? Flash Floods are among the world s deadliest natural disasters with more than 5000 lives lost annually and result in significant social, economic and environmental impacts. Accounting for approximately 85% of the flooding cases, flash floods have the highest mortality rate (defined as the number of deads per number of people affected) among different classes of flooding. In the last decades and especially in the last years a general increase of the frequency of extreme flash flood events have been reported, floods that generated significant damages and frequently also loss of lives. In particular in Romania, such extreme events occurred in different regions of the country, most of the time having catastrophic effects. Due to the high frequency of high intensity torrential precipitations events in the last years in many countries, and the perspectives of further increase of the frequency of such extremes events as results of the climate changes, the needs for analysing and simulating the hydrological processes associated with flash floods events remain a major priority for the scientific hydrological community in Romania and arround the World.

19 3. Flood risk and flood risk reduction in climate change context; Multi-risk analysis RORISK Project implemented under National Emergency Situation Inspectorate Task 1 - Analysis of the legal framework, regulatory and institutional framework governing disaster risk management in Romania and in particular the risk assessment to identify gaps and overlaps, and to develop proposals for improvement based. Task 2 - Developing and implementing integration/integrated measures Task 3 - Setting up the database elements for risk and response, WEB-GIS application development and GIS portal; Activity 4 - Description and assessment of risk scenarios representative of each of the following nine risks: floods, droughts, forest fires, earthquakes, mass movements (collapses and landslides), Seveso accident, hazardous transportation accidents, nuclear accidents, epidemics / zoonosis, based on integration methodology

20 Fuzzy model - Values of the maximum runoff coefficient, 1 km grid The identification method of the hazard class for flash floods, at national level for small river basins From the ROFFG System configuration we use the threshold runoff defined for each sub-basin. Threshold Runoff: is defined as the amount of effective rainfall of a given duration falling over a watershed that is just enough to cause bank full condition at the outlet of the draining stream. Threshold runoff values represent a conservative measure of flooding as not generally associated with flood damage. Computation of this parameter was done in a physical manner based on general accepted hydrologic principles: o Channel cross-sectional properties (width and mean depth) estimated from regional relationships, with watershed scale properties (area). o Bankfull flow computed using Manning s steady uniform resistance formula. o Peak of unit hydrograph estimated based on Geomorphologic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph theory (Rodriquez-Iturbe and Valdes, 1979; Rodriquez-Iturbe et al, 1982).

21 Wrong spatial development? Climate change? Lack of resilience? Lack of land reclamation works??

22 Water field needs & Conclusions : - Second cycle of FD CE 60/2007, needs studies for climate change impact evaluation, flash flood, underground and marine flood additional studies; - Climate change impact, increase flash flood, threat : measures for implementation local warning systems, short intervention, evacuation; - Dam/Dike failure scenario in climate change context; dike reinforcement/replacement tacking into account climate change impact over flows; - Assure proper maintenance works, human resources, buffer budget for floods intervention and emergency works; - Improve statistics, geo-database; - Improve monitoring system and flood forecast; - Improve Emergency Inspectorate capacity for intervention; - Reducing timeline between planning and implementation; - Use mass-media for large scale education program; - Improve land-use, better planning for development at local level tacking into account flood hazard; - INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, KNOW HOW TRANSFER, SHARED EXPERIENCES, COMUNICATION!

23 THANK YOU! QUESTIONS?