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1 FINLAND IN FIGURES 2016

2 Contents and Sources Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Sources: Natural Resources Institute Finland (luke.fi), Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira (evira.fi), TNS Gallup Food and Farm Facts Ltd (tns-gallup.fi) Construction Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Culture and the Media Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Ministry of Education and Culture (minedu.fi), The National Library of Finland (nationallibrary.fi), MediaAuditFinland Oy (mediaauditfinland.fi), Finnish Film Foundation (ses.fi) Education Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Elections Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Energy Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Finnish Energy (energia.fi) Enterprises Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Environment and Natural Resources Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), National Land Survey of Finland (maanmittauslaitos.fi), Finnish Environment Institute (ymparisto.fi), Finnish Meteorological Institute (fmi.fi), Ministry of the Environment (ymparisto.fi), Metsähallitus (metsa.fi) Financing and Insurance Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), NASDAQ OMX Helsinki Ltd. (nasdaqomxnordic.com), Bank of Finland (bof.fi) Government Finance Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Ministry of Finance (vm.fi), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (formin.fi) Health Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), The National Institute for Health and Welfare (thl.fi) Housing Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Income and Consumption Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Natural Resources Institute Finland (luke.fi), The National Institute for Health and Welfare (thl.fi) Justice Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Labour Market Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi)

3 Contents and Sources Manufacturing Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) National Accounts Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Population Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), National Land Survey of Finland (maanmittauslaitos.fi), Finnish Immigration Service (migri.fi), Ministry of Employment and the Economy (tem.fi) Prices and Costs Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Science, Technology and Information Society Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Social Protection Sources: The National Institute for Health and Welfare (thl.fi), Finnish Centre for Pensions (etk.fi) Trade Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Finnish Customs (tulli.fi) Transport and Tourism Sources: Statistics Finland (stat.fi), Helsinki Region Transport (hsl.fi), VR Group Ltd (vrgroup.fi), Finnish Transport Agency (liikennevirasto.fi), Finavia Corporation (finavia.fi), Finnish Transport Safety Agency Trafi (trafi.fi) Wages, Salaries and Labour Costs Source: Statistics Finland (stat.fi) Foreign Countries Sources: UN, Demographic Yearbook, Population and Vital Statistics Report (unstats.un.org); UN, The State of World Population (unfpa.org); Eurostat (ec.europa.eu/eurostat); CIA, The World Factbook (cia.gov); World Bank, World Development Indicators (worldbank.org); ILO, ILOSTAT Database (ilo.org/ilostat); OECD, Economic Outlook (oecd.org); IMF, World Economic Outlook (imf.org) Symbols * preliminary data. category not applicable - magnitude nil.. data not available or too uncertain for presentation, or subject to secrecy A horizontal or vertical line drawn across a time series indicates substantial breaks in the homogeneity of a series Finland in Figures as online service: stat.fi/finlandinfigures

4 2 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery Farms Farms Average arable Organic farms Average arable land area land area of an % of organic farm No ha No all farms ha ) ) From 2010, agricultural and horticultural enterprises Production sectors of farms, 2015 Crop production Milk production Other cattle farming Pig and poultry farming Other production Livestock 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Cattle Pigs Poultry 1) Sheep Horses Reindeer ) Egg-laying hens and chickens

5 Self-sufficiency in foodstuffs Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery 3 Production as % of consumption Product group Cereals Dairy products, fluids Dairy products, fats Beef Pork Poultry meat Eggs Sugar Forest statistics Forestry land (incl. protected areas) in totalled 26.2 mil. ha, of which 53% was owned privately, 35% by the state, 7% by companies and 5% by others. The volume of growing stock was mil. m 3, of which 50% was pine, 30% spruce and 20% non-coniferous. Industrial roundwood removals Increment and drain of the growing stock Mil. m3 70 Period Increment Drain 60 Total Mil. m 3 per year Pulpwood Logs * m 3 = cubic metre, solid volume over bark Catches of fish and production of fish farming kg Commercial fishery Recreational fishery ) ) Food fish production 3) Total ) ) ) Ungutted fish

6 4 Construction Construction Unit Completed buildings All buildings mil. m Residential mil. m Commercial and office buildings mil. m Industrial buildings and warehouses mil. m Other mil. m Completed dwellings All dwellings number Detached houses number Attached houses number Blocks of flats number Other than residential buildings number Volume index of newbuilding 2010 = Other than residential buildings All buildings Residential buildings Turnover of construction, year-on-year change 45 % Civil engineering Construction of buildings Construction *

7 Culture and the Media 5 Public libraries 1) Unit Libraries number Collections Loans Borrowers Library visits ) Excl. Åland Books published in Finland Total of books published Books in national languages Non-fiction Fiction Newspapers and periodicals Newspapers Dailies (7 4 times a week) Non-dailies (3 1 times a week) Total Circulation, Periodicals 1) ) Issued at least 4 times a year Largest newspapers Circulation Helsingin Sanomat, Helsinki Ilta-Sanomat, Helsinki Aamulehti, Tampere Turun Sanomat, Turku Iltalehti, Helsinki Kaleva, Oulu Keskisuomalainen, Jyväskylä Savon Sanomat, Kuopio Kauppalehti, Helsinki In Swedish: Hufvudstadsbladet, Helsinki Cinemas Cinema halls Seats, Premieres Visits per inhabitant

8 6 Education Population with educational qualification 1), 2014 Age Total Males Females 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 1) Population by age group with a qualification from upper secondary schools, vocational schools and colleges, polytechnics or universities Students and qualifications attained Students 1) Basic comprehensive school education, compulsory education school Basic education of adults Upper secondary general education Vocational and professional education I Polytechnic education University education Total I Qualifications attained Leaving certificates from comprehensive school compulsory education adult education Upper secondary general school qualifications Vocational and professional qualifications Polytechnic degrees 2) University degrees Total ) Students in education leading to qualifications 2) Incl. second-cycle polytechnic degrees

9 Parliamentary elections 2015 Party Votes % Change from 2011 % points Elections 7 Seats KESK KOK PS SDP Green League LEFT RKP KD Other parties Others Total Females Voting turnout 1) 70.1% (66.9% incl. Finns resident abroad) Explanations: KESK = Centre Party of Finland, KOK = National Coalition Party, PS = The Finns Party, SDP = The Finnish Social Democratic Party, LEFT = The Left Alliance, RKP = Swedish People s Party in Finland, KD = Christian Democrats in Finland 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland Voting turnout 1) in parliamentary elections, % of persons entitled to vote 80 Males Females ) Finnish citizens resident in Finland

10 8 Elections Municipal elections 2012 Party Votes % Party Votes % KOK RKP SDP KD KESK Other parties PS Others Green League Total LEFT Voting turnout 58.3% See page 7 for explanations. Presidential election st round on 22 Jan nd round on 5 Feb Candidate Votes % Candidate Votes % Sauli Niinistö Sauli Niinistö Pekka Haavisto Pekka Haavisto Paavo Väyrynen Total Timo Soini Paavo Lipponen Paavo Arhinmäki Eva Biaudet Sari Essayah Total Voting turnout 1) 72.8%, Voting turnout 1) 68.9%, (69.7% incl. Finns resident abroad) (66.0% incl. Finns resident abroad) Sauli Niinistö was elected President of the Republic in the second round of the elections. 1) Finnish citizens resident in Finland European Parliament elections 2014 Party Votes % Change in votes Number of cast Euro-MPs % points elected KOK KESK PS SDP Green League LEFT RKP KD Others Total Females Voting turnout 41.0% (Finnish citizens resident in Finland) See page 7 for explanations.

11 Total energy consumption Energy 2014 *2015 Annual change, % Petajoule (PJ) % 2014 *2015 Wood fuels Oil Nuclear energy Coal Natural gas Hydro power Net imports of electricity Peat Wind power Other energy sources Total Renewable energy sources 1), % ) Includes, inter alia, wood fuels, hydro and wind power, the biodegradable proportion of recycled fuels Supply and total consumption of electricity 2014 *2015 Annual change, % GWh GWh % 2014 *2015 Hydro power Wind power Nuclear power Conventional condensing power Combined heat and power, industry Combined heat and power, district heat Total production Net imports Total consumption Electricity consumption by sector % 100 Transmission and distribution losses Services and public consumption Households and agriculture 40 Industry and construction *

12 10 Enterprises Enterprises, 2014 Industry (TOL 2008) Enterprises Personnel Turnover % % million % Agriculture, forestry and fishing Manufacturing Construction Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycle Transportation and storage Accommdation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance act Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Human health and social work activities Other industries All industries Size of personnel Enterprise openings and closures, 2014 Industry (TOL 2008) Enterprise openings Enterprise closures % of stock of % of stock of enterprises enterprises Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Professional, scientific and technical activities Construction Manufacturing Real estate activities Transportation and storage Other industries All industries

13 Geographical data Environment and Natural Resources 11 Area, km 2, Highest point, m Area, total Halti Land area Longest river, km Fresh water Kemijoki 500 Sea water Largest lakes, km 2 Boundaries, km Saimaa Sweden 614 Päijänne Norway 736 Inarijärvi Russia Oulujärvi 912 Limit of territorial waters Pielinen 895 Total Largest islands, km 2 Greatest length, km a) Sea Hanko Utsjoki Mainland Åland 689 Greatest width, km Kemiönsaari 545 Närpiö Ilomantsi 542 b) Inland waters Soisalo Lakes with an area of 500 m 2 or more total about , of which around with an area of over one hectare. Islands with an area of 100 m 2 or more total about Protected and wilderness areas on 1 January 2016 Number Area, ha Water, % Protected areas National parks Strict nature reserves Mire reserves Herb-rich forest reserves Old-growth forest reserves Other state-owned protected areas Protected areas on private land Protected areas on Åland Wilderness reserves In addition, the Act on the Protection of Rapids protects a total of 53 individual rapids, river portions or catchment areas against power station construction. Corresponding acts have been passed on the protection of the Ounasjoki and Kyrönjoki rivers.

14 12 Environment and Natural Resources Mean daily temperature (centigrade) Helsinki Sodankylä (Lapland) January February March April May June July August September October November December F = 9/5 C + 32 Air emissions Unit Greenhouse gas emissions, CO 2 eq. mil. tons Carbon dioxide 1) mil. tons Sulphur (as SO 2 ) t Nitrogen oxides t ) Emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and peat Greenhouse gas emissions and removals t CO 2 equivalent Emissions Removals 1) ) LULUCF (land use, land use change and forestry)

15 Financing and Insurance 13 Stock of deposits and loans 1) by monetary financial institutions End of year million Interest rate, % 2014 * *2015 Public s deposits from the euro area Non-financial corporations 2) Households 3) Loans to the public in the euro area Non-financial corporations 2) Households 3) Housing loans Consumer credit and other loans ) Euro-denominated 2) Incl. housing corporations 3) Incl. non-profit institutions serving households Households withdrawals of new housing loans 1) million % 12 New housing loans, Average interest rate, % ) Euro-denominated new loans by monetary financial institutions to households in the euro area Financial assets of households billion 350 Other 300 Unquoted shares and other equity 250 Mutual fund shares Quoted shares Insurance technical reserves Deposits

16 14 Financing and Insurance Market rates of interest, % Euribor rates 1 month months months Yields on government bonds 5 years years Domestic credit institutions profit for the financial year million Other domestic credit institutions Savings banks Co-operative banks Commercial banks OMX share indices ( = 1 000) OMX Helsinki 6 3 OMX Helsinki Cap

17 Central government budget Government Finance 15 Balance Budget 1) Budget Change sheet proposal Revenue million million million million % Taxes and other levies On income and property On turnover Excise duties Other taxes Other levies Miscellaneous revenues Interest income, income from sale of shares and profits entered as income Loans, net Total Expenditure Parliament President of the Republic Prime Minister s Office Ministries: Foreign Affairs Justice Interior Defence Finance Education and Culture Agriculture and Forestry Transport and Communications Employment and the Economy Social Affairs and Health Environment Interest on central government debt Total ) Excl. supplementary budget billion Central government expenditure excl. debt servicing Central government revenue excl. net borrowing

18 16 Government Finance General government deficit and debt % of GDP Debt (EDP) 20 0 Deficit (EDP) * Taxes Taxes, million Tax rate, % of GDP 2013 *2014 * *2014 *2015 All taxes State taxes Income taxes 1) Value added tax Municipal taxes Social security funds European Union ) Incl. duty on interests and church tax of corporations Public development cooperation Net disbursements, million Bilateral Multilateral Total % of GNI cooperation cooperation * *

19 Health 17 Health and medical care Physicians Persons per physician Dentists Nurses Practical nurses for social and health care Head dispensers Pharmacists Causes of death, 2014 Cause of death Deaths total % Males % Females % Diseases of the circulatory system Neoplasms Dementia, Alzheimer s disease Accidents (excl. accidental poisoning by alcohol) Alcohol related diseases and accid. poisoning by alcohol Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of the digestive system Suicides Other causes of death Deaths total Health care expenditure billion (at 2014 prices) *

20 18 Housing Buildings and free-time residences Residential buildings Detached houses Attached houses Blocks of flats Other buildings Free-time residences Saunas 1) ) Only saunas in flats. The total number of saunas was estimated to be over at the end of Household-dwelling units by type and size, ) Size of householddwelling unit All buildings Detached houses Attached houses Blocks of flats Other or unknown 1 person persons persons persons persons persons Total ) A household-dwelling unit consists of all persons occupying the same dwelling on a permanent basis Dwelling units by tenure status of dwelling, % Owner-occupied dwelling Rented dwelling 1) ) 31.0 Right of occupancy dwelling Other form of tenure or unknown ) Includes also official residences and employer-provided dwellings 2) From 2014 onwards also including empty dwellings in buildings inferred as rental buildings Dwelling units Dwelling units, Floor area per dwelling, m Floor area per person, m Persons per room Overcrowding 1), % of dwelling population ) More than one person per room, excl. kitchen

21 Housing 19 Prices of dwellings 1) Old blocks of flats New blocks of flats Helsinki region Rest of Finland Helsinki region Rest of Finland Average unencumbered prices per m 2, ) Data on old dwellings based on the Tax Administration s data, data on new dwellings based on the largest real estate agents and building contractors Dwellings in old blocks of flats: real price indices 1983 = Helsinki region 140 Rest of Finland Prices of real estate Detached houses Plots for detached houses Average price Real price index Average price Real price index /m = 100 /m = Average rents of rented dwellings, /m 2 /month Government-subsidised dwellings Non-subsidised dwellings All rented dwellings

22 20 Income and Consumption Income recipients 1) by income bracket, 2014 Income bracket, Income recipients Income Taxes Taxes Males Females Total as % of % % % income Total The average income in 2014 was per income recipient, for males and for females. 1) Natural persons Income of households and low income earning Disposable cash income Persons Low income (in 2014 money) in low income earners of Mean Median Low income limit households population /household /consumption unit 1) % ) Consumption units were calculated by giving the members of a household the following weights: the first adult 1, other persons aged 14 or over 0.5 and 0 to 13-year-old children 0.3

23 Income and Consumption 21 Household expenditure *2014 % Housing and energy Food and non-alcoholic beverages Transport Recreation and culture Hotels, cafés and restaurants Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Health Clothing and footwear Communications Education Miscellaneous goods and services Total consumption expenditure Consumption of selected commodities per person Unit *2014 Milk products kg Butter kg Margarine kg Vegetable oils kg Cheese kg Eggs kg Wheat kg Rye kg Rice kg Potatoes kg Fresh vegetables kg Fresh fruit kg Meat kg Fish kg Coffee 1) kg Sugar kg Tobacco kg ) 0.6 2) 3) 0.6 Soft drinks and mineral water l Beer l Wine l Alcoholic beverages, 100 % l ) 7.3 1) Sales of roasted coffee 2) Incl. untaxable consumption 3) Final data

24 22 Justice Criminality 1) All offences 2) Manslaughter, murder, killing Attempted manslaughter, murder or killing Assault Sexual exploitation of a child Rape Theft Robbery Damage to property Fraud, embezzlement Drunken driving Offences involving narcotics Alcohol-related offences and infractions Endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction ) Offences recorded by the police, the Finnish Customs and the Finnish Border Guard 2) Excl. endangering of traffic safety, traffic infraction Bankruptcy petitions Personnel Bankruptcies *

25 Population by activity Labour Market persons Mean population Population aged Labour force Employed Unemployed Inactive population Labour force rate, % Unemployment rate, % Employment rate (persons aged 15 64), % Employed Employer Private Local government Central government Unknown Status in employment Self-employed persons and unpaid family workers Employees Industry (TOL 2008) Agriculture, forestry and fishing; mining and quarrying Manufacturing; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning and water supply; sewerage and waste management Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transportation and storage Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial, insurance and real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation; other service activities Industry unknown Hours worked, million hours

26 24 Labour Market Employees by type of employment relationship All employment relationships Employees, total Permanent full-time work Permanent part-time work persons Fixed-term work Unemployment persons Males Females Total Unemployment rate, % Long-term Total Males Females years unemployed 1) of age % of unemployed ) Unemployed continuously for 12 months or longer 24

27 Industrial statistics, 2014 Manufacturing 25 Branch of industry (TOL 2008) Establishmentnel Person- Value added in production million % Total industry Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Food products Beverages Textiles Wearing apparel Leather and related products Wood and of products of wood and cork Paper and paper products Printing and reproduction of recorded media Coke and refined petroleum products Chemicals and chemical products Basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations Rubber and plastic products Other non-metallic mineral products Basic metals Fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment Computer, electronic and optical products Electrical equipment Machinery and equipment n.e.c Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers Other transport equipment Furniture Other manufacturing Repair and installation of machinery and equipment Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activites Volume index of industrial output (2010 = 100) Branch of industry (TOL 2008) *2015 Total industry Forest industry Chemical industry Metal industry Electronics and electrical industry

28 26 National Accounts Gross domestic product at market prices At current prices At 2010 prices Annual change in volume billion /inhabitant billion % * * National balance of supply and demand * 2015* billion % billion % billlion % Supply GDP Imports Total supply Demand Exports Consumption expenditure private government Gross fixed capital formation private government Changes in inventories, acquisition of valuables Total demand Statistical discrepancy Net national income, % *2014 *2015 Wages and salaries 1) Employers social contributions Net property and entrepreneurial income Taxes on production and imports received by general government less subsidies paid by general government Net national income billion ) Including wages and salaries receivable from the rest of the world, net

29 National Accounts Industries value added as a proportion of gross value added, % 27 Industry (TOL 2008) *2014 Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Transportation and storage Accommodation and food service activities Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Professional, scientific and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defence; compulsory social security Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment and recreation Other service activities Gross domestic product at basic prices Primary production Secondary production Services Households indebtedness rate and savings ratio 150 As % of disposable income Households debts 1) Households savings * 1) Incl. households share of the debts of housing companies

30 28 National Accounts Current account 1) billion 14 % Current account, Current account, % of GDP * 1) According to National Accounts Finland s foreign assets and liabilities, billion Stock at year-end *2014 *2015 Assets Finnish direct investments abroad Finnish investments in foreign securities Other investments abroad Financial derivatives Exchange reserves Liabilities Foreign direct investments in Finland Foreign investments in Finnish securities Other investments from abroad Financial derivatives Structural change of the economy % of gross value added Tertiary production Primary production Secondary production *

31 Area, population and GDP by region Population 29 Region Land Population Change, GDP 2) GDP per area, km 2 % million capita 3) ) ) *2013 *2013 Mainland Finland: Uusimaa Varsinais-Suomi Satakunta Kanta-Häme Pirkanmaa Päijät-Häme Kymenlaakso South Karelia Etelä-Savo Pohjois-Savo North Karelia Central Finland South Ostrobothnia Ostrobothnia Central Ostrobothnia North Ostrobothnia Kainuu Lapland Åland Whole country ) According to the regional division of 1 January ) Gross domestic product at market prices. According to the regional division of 1 January ) Whole country = 100 Largest municipalities 1) Population Change, % Population Change, % Helsinki Pori Espoo Joensuu Tampere Lappeenranta Vantaa Hämeenlinna Oulu Vaasa Turku Rovaniemi Jyväskylä Seinäjoki Lahti Mikkeli Kuopio Kotka Kouvola Salo ) According to the regional division of 1 January 2016

32 30 Population Population structure Unit Population 31. Dec. Total Males Females Age 0 14 years % years % years % Language 1) Finnish % Swedish % Lappish % Russian % Other % Marital status Single % Males % Females % Married 2) % Males % Females % Divorced and widowed 2) % Males % Females % Religion Lutheran National Church % 3) Greek Orthodox Church in Finland % 4) Other % Census register or unknown % ) Finnish and Swedish are the official languages 2) In 2015 including registered partnerships 3) Incl. other Lutheran churches 4) Incl. other Orthodox churches Population projection Unit Population years % years % years %

33 Population 31 Age structure of population on 31 December 2015 Total population Age Males Females In 2015 the mean age of males was 40.9 years and that of females 43.6 years. The age of 100 years or more had been reached by 759 persons, 112 of whom were males and 647 females. Vital statistics ) ) ) Live births Deaths Excess of births Immigration * *4.8 Emigration * *2.6 Net immigration * *2.2 Population growth Marriages Registered partnerships Divorces Divorces from registered partnerships ) Per mean population

34 32 Population Life expectancy at birth Years Girls Boys * Families, 2014 All families With children aged 0 17 With children aged 0 6 Persons per family Total of families Change 2013/2014, % Family type Married couple without children Cohabiting couple without children Married couple with children Cohabiting couple with children Mother with children Father with children Registered male couple 1) Registered female couple 1) ) Incl. registered partnerships with children Families and families with children by the number of children, 2014 Number of children under Total Children in families % Families with children %

35 Foreigners in Finland Country of citizenship 2014 % Annual change, % Population % Annual change, % Estonia Russia Sweden China Somalia Thailand Iraq India Turkey Viet Nam United Kingdom Germany Poland Afghanistan Former Serbia and Montenegro Others Total Finnish citizenships granted 1) Country of previous citizenship Russia Somalia Iraq Estonia Turkey Afghanistan Iran, Islamic Republic of Sweden China Myanmar Ukraine Viet Nam Bosnia and Herzegovina Former Sudan Former Serbia and Montenegro Syria Others Total ) Persons permanently resident in Finland

36 34 Population Population by language Finnish Swedish Sami Other languages: Russian Estonian Somali English Arabic Kurdish Chinese Albanian Persian Thai Vietnamese Turkish Spanish German Others Total Asylum-seekers and refugees Asylum-seekers Decisions on asylum 1) Asylum granted Residence permit granted 2) 2) ) ) ) 845 2) 767 No asylum or residence permit granted Family reunification Positive decisions Negative decisions Quota ) Decisions of the Finnish Immigration Service 2) Incl. residence permits granted on the basis of humanitarian and subsidiary protection

37 Consumer price index (2010 = 100) Prices and Costs Total index Food and non-alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages, tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels Furnishings, household equipment and routine maintenance of the house Health Transport Communication Recreation and culture Education Restaurants and hotels Miscellaneous goods and services Inflation Consumer price index: average annual change % Cost-of-living index (1951:10 = 100) Total index

38 36 Prices and Costs Coefficients for monetary value By coefficients it is possible to convert the Finnish markka used in and the euro of the years into 2015 euro Year Coefficient Year Coefficient Year Coefficient 2015 = = = Building cost index Total index = = = Average annual change, % Selected mean prices Unit Low fat milk l Butter 500 g Cheese, Emmenthal kg Eggs kg Potatoes kg Macaroni 400 g Wheat flour 2 kg Wheat bread 500 g Minced beef kg Beef roast kg Chicken breast fillet kg Sausage kg Rainbow trout, whole kg Tuna fish, tinned 150 g Coffee, packaged 500 g Caster sugar kg Tomatoes kg Cucumbers kg Oranges kg Bananas kg Petrol 95 E10 l Cinema ticket ea