India. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific Item

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1 1 POPULATION a Total population as of 1 October (million) 1,019 1,040 1,056 1,072 1,089 1,106 1,122 1,138 1,154 1,170 1,186 1,220 1,235 1,251 1,267 1,283 1,299 1,316 Population density (persons/km 2 ) Population (% annual change) Urban population (% of total population) LABOR FORCE b fiscal year beginning 1 April (million) Employed Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply; water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities Construction Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles Accommodation and food service activities Transportation and storage Information and communication Financial and insurance activities Real estate activities Other services Unemployed Unemployment rate (%) Labor force (% annual change) Labor force participation rate (%) Male Female NATIONAL ACCOUNTS c fiscal year beginning 1 April (` billion) At Current Prices GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 21, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,731.5 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,947.3 Mining and quarrying , , , , , , , , , , , ,746.9 Manufacturing 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,303.1 Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply , , , , , , , , ,876.9 Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities Construction 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,189.5 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles d 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,097.5 Accommodation and food service activities , , , ,394.1 Transportation and storage 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,790.6 Information and communication e 1, , , , , ,565.2 Financial and insurance activities f 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,645.5 Real estate activities 10, , , , , ,143.9 Professional, scientific, and technical activities Administrative and support service activities

2 2 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Public administration and defense; compulsory social security g 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,017.1 Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment, and recreation Other service activities 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,647.2 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies Taxes less subsidies on production and imports/ product taxes less product subsidies 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,907.7 Gross value added at current factor cost basic prices 20, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,823.7 Net factor income from abroad , , , , , ,858.7 GNI at current market prices 21, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,872.8 Structure of Output (% of GDP at current basic prices) Agriculture Industry Services Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 21, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,731.5 Final consumption expenditure 16, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,228.2 Household final consumption 14, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,144.0 NPISHs final consumption... Government final consumption 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,084.2 Gross capital formation h 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,380.7 Gross fixed capital formation 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,788.9 Public 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Private 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Changes in inventories , , , , , , , , , , , , ,070.3 Acquisitions less disposals of valuables , , , , , , , , ,521.4 Exports of goods and services 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,945.1 Exports of goods , , , , , Exports of services , , , , , Less: Imports of goods and services 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,942.9 Imports of goods , , , , , Imports of services , , , , , Statistical discrepancy , , , , ,120.3 Structure of Demand (% of GDP at current market prices) Household final consumption i Government final consumption Gross capital formation h Changes in inventories Exports of goods and services Imports of goods and services Statistical discrepancy

3 3 At Constant Prices GDP by industrial origin at 2004/ /2012 market prices 25, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,108.4 Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,745.7 Mining and quarrying , , , , , , , , ,819.7 Manufacturing 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,662.7 Electricity, gas, steam, and air-conditioning supply , , , , , , ,625.0 Water supply; sewerage, waste management, and remediation activities Construction 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,284.8 Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles d 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,076.8 Accommodation and food service activities , ,204.1 Transportation and storage 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,549.2 Information and communication e 1, , , , , ,112.7 Financial and insurance activities f 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,999.3 Real estate activities 10, , , , , ,553.0 Professional, scientific, and technical activities Administrative and support service activities Public administration and defense; compulsory social security g 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,547.6 Education Human health and social work activities Arts, entertainment, and recreation Other service activities 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,760.5 Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies Taxes less subsidies on production and imports/ product taxes less product subsidies 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,346.9 Gross value added at 2004/2005 factor cost 2011/2012 basic prices 23, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,761.6 Net factor income from abroad , , , , , ,466.2 GNI at constant market prices 25, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,642.3 Growth of Output j (% annual change) GDP Agriculture Industry Services Expenditure on GDP at 2004/ /2012 market prices 25, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,108.4 Final consumption expenditure 19, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,587.9 Household final consumption 15, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,591.0 NPISHs final consumption Government final consumption 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,997.0 Gross capital formation h 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,355.0 Gross fixed capital formation 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,875.6 Public , , , , , , Private , , , , , , Changes in inventories , , , , , , , , , , Acquisitions less disposals of valuables , , , , , , , ,536.2 Exports of goods and services 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,279.2

4 4 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Exports of goods , , , , , Exports of services , , , , , Less: Imports of goods and services 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,348.8 Imports of goods , , , , , Imports of services , , , , , Statistical discrepancy , , , , , , ,235.0 Growth of Demand (% annual change) Household final consumption i Government final consumption Gross capital formation h Exports of goods and services Imports of goods and services Investment Financing at Current Prices Gross capital formation h 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,380.7 Gross national saving k 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Gross domestic saving Net factor income from abroad , , , , , ,858.7 Net current transfers , , , , , , , , , , , , Savings and Investment (% of GDP at current market prices) Gross domestic saving Gross national saving k Gross capital formation h At Current Market Prices (`) Per capita GDP l 21,368 22,652 24,018 26,507 29,772 33,394 38,277 43,823 48,787 55,366 65,633 71,607 80,518 89,796 98, , , ,456 Per capita GNI l 21,145 22,459 23,860 26,313 29,567 33,158 37,981 43,643 48,502 55,041 64,944 70,977 79,573 88,678 97, , , ,043 PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages Agriculture; = Mining m ; 1993/ / /2012 = Manufacturing m ; 1993/ / /2012 = ENERGY annual values Crude petroleum (t 000) Production 32,123 31,972 32,894 33,015 33,981 32,190 34,000 34,100 33,508 33,690 37,684 38,090 37,862 37,788 37, Exports Imports 70,024 77,554 81,907 87,027 95,310 96, , , , , , , , , , Consumption 101, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Coal (t 000) Production 311, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Exports 1,511 1,619 3,058 1,617 1,320 1,618 1,550 1,630 1,660 2,450 1,875 2,015 2,443 2,153 1, Imports 21,083 20,448 21,261 23,800 22,918 34,865 43,080 49,790 59,000 73,260 68, , , , , Consumption n 333, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

5 5 Natural gas (m 3 million) Production 29,300 29,629 30,742 32,206 31,763 32,202 31,750 32,420 32,850 47,496 52,219 47,559 40,679 35,407 33, Exports Imports Consumption o 27,670 28,018 29,177 31,091 30,775 31,025 31,370 31,480 31,746 46,521 51,248 46,482 39,777 34, Electricity p (kwh million) Production 501, , , , , , , , , , , , ,811 1,022,614 1,116, Exports Imports 1,497 1,518 1,520 1,748 1,735 1,763 2,957 5, ,610 5,610 5,152 5,609 4, Consumption 502, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Retail prices q (`/L) Gasoline, premium Diesel PRICE INDEXES fiscal year beginning 1 April Consumer (national) r = Food and nonalcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics s Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels Furnishings, household equipment, and routine household maintenance Health Transport Communication Recreation and culture Education Restaurants and hotels Miscellaneous goods and services Food t Nonfood Consumer (Delhi) u = Food and nonalcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages, tobacco, and narcotics s Clothing and footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels Furnishings, household equipment, and routine household maintenance Health Transport Communication Recreation and culture Education Restaurants and hotels Miscellaneous goods and services Food Nonfood

6 6 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Wholesale; 1993/ / /2012 = Implicit GDP deflator; 2004/ /2012 = Price Indexes (% annual change) Consumer price index (national) Food price index (national) Nonfood price index Wholesale price index Implicit GDP deflator MONEY AND BANKING fiscal year beginning 1 April (` billion) Money supply (M1) 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,750.4 Currency in circulation v 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,592.4 Demand deposits w 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,158.0 Quasi-money x 9, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,360.2 Money supply y (M3) 13, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,110.6 Foreign assets (net) 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,884.1 Domestic credit 11, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,551.6 Claims on government sector 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,162.3 Claims on state and local governments Claims on public nonfinancial corporations Claims on private sector 6, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,389.3 Claims on other financial institutions Other items z -1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,325.1 Money Supply (M3) y (% annual change) M3 (% of GDP at current market prices) Deposit Money Banks aa Demand deposits 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,784.6 Savings deposits 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Time deposits 8, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,965.3 Domestic credits outstanding ab 8, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,507.1 Interest Rates period averages (% per annum) On deposits Savings Time: 6 months months On loans and discounts Commercial bills Export credit ac Other commercial bills ad

7 7 GOVERNMENT FINANCE fiscal year beginning 1 April (` billion) Central Government Total revenue and grants 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,002.0* Total revenue 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,002.0* Current revenue 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,157.7* Taxes 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,270.1* Nontaxes ae , , , , , , , , , ,887.6* Capital receipts af * Grants Total expenditure and net lending 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,467.4* Total expenditure 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,467.4* Current expenditure ag 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,369.3* Capital expenditure ah , , , , , , , , , , , ,098.0* Net lending Current surplus/deficit , , , , , , , , , , , ,211.6* Capital account surplus/deficit , , , , , , , ,253.7* Overall budgetary surplus/deficit ai -1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,465.3* Financing Domestic borrowing 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,179.0* Foreign borrowing * Use of cash balances * Government Finance (% of GDP at current market prices) Total revenue * Taxes * Total expenditure * Overall budgetary surplus/deficit * Expenditure by Function, Central Government aj Total 4, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , General public services ak , , , , , , , , , , , , Defense , , , , , , , , , , , Education , , , , , , , , , , , Health , , , , , Social security and welfare , , , , , Housing and community amenities , , , , , Economic services 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , Others ai Expenditure by Function (% of GDP at current market prices) Education Health Social security and welfare EXTERNAL TRADE fiscal year beginning 1 April (` billion) Exports, fob 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,521.7 Imports, cif 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,629.0 Trade balance , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,107.3

8 8 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 External Trade (% annual change) Exports Imports Direction of Trade calendar year ($ million) Exports, total 42, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , United States 9, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , United Arab Emirates 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Hong Kong, China 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , China, People s Republic of , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Singapore , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , United Kingdom 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Saudi Arabia , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Germany 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Viet Nam , , , , , , , , , , , Bangladesh , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,239.4 Imports, total 50, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , China, People s Republic of 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Saudi Arabia 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , United Arab Emirates 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , United States 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Switzerland 3, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Indonesia , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Iraq , , , , , , , , , , , , Korea, Republic of , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Germany 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Qatar , , , , , , , , , , , ,119.2 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS am fiscal year beginning 1 April ($ million) Current account balance -2,666 3,400 6,345 14,083-2,470-9,902-9,565-15,737-27,915-38,181-47,909-78,179-87,843-32,257-26,789-22,088-14,350-48,661 Balance on goods -12,460-11,574-10,690-13,718-33,702-51,904-61,782-91, , , , , , , , , , ,036 Exports 45,452 44,703 53,774 66,285 85, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,970 Imports -57,912-56,277-64,464-80, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,006 Balance on services 1,692 3,324 3,643 10,144 15,426 23,170 29,469 38,853 53,916 36,016 44,080 64,029 64,915 73,066 76,529 69,676 68,345 77,562 Credit 16,268 17,140 20,763 26,868 43,249 57,659 73,780 90, ,963 96, , , , , , , , ,089 Debit -14,576-13,816-17,120-16,724-27,823-34,489-44,311-51,490-52,047-60,029 80,555 76,906 80,763 78,747 81,578 84,635 95, ,527 Balance on primary income -5,004-4,206-3,446-4,505-4,979-5,855-7,331-5,068-7,110-8,038-17,951-15,987-21,455-23,028-24,140-24,375-26,302-28,681 Credit 2,682 3,379 3,522 3,904 4,593 6,408 9,308 14,272 14,309 13,022 9,587 10,144 10,276 11,352 13,397 14,703 16,291 18,862 Debit -7,686-7,585-6,968-8,409-9,572-12,263-16,639-19,339-21,418-21,061 27,537 26,130 31,731 34,380 37,537 39,078 42,593 47,542 Balance on secondary income 13,106 15,856 16,838 22,162 20,785 24,687 30,079 41,945 44,798 52,045 53,125 63,469 64,353 65,315 65,762 62,690 56,050 62,494 Credit 13,317 16,218 17,640 22,736 21,691 25,620 31,470 44,261 47,547 54,363 55,618 66,129 67,696 69,948 70,123 66,002 61,550 69,433 Debit ,391-2,316-2,749-2,318 2,494 2,660 3,343 4,633 4,362 3,312 5,500 6,940 Capital account 8,840 8,551 10,840 16,736 28,022 25,470 45, ,585 6,768 51, Credit ,561 1, Debit ,855 1, Financial account an ,556 67,842 85,449 32,581 27,725 23,120 14,680 47,788

9 9 Direct investment 3,272 4,734 3,217 2,388 3,713 3,034 7,693 15,893 19,816 17,966 11,834 22,061 19,819 21,564 31,251 36,021 35,612 30,286 Portfolio investment 2,590 1, ,356 9,287 12,494 7,060 27,433-14,031 32,396 28,243 16,573 26,704 4,802 40,934-4,503 7,612 22,115 Financial derivatives ,315 2,006-1, ,822-2,870 Other investment 2,978 1,865 6,679 2,992 15,022 9,942 30,450 63, ,272 23,478 29,208 45,066 19,717 18,509 8,876-16,815 41,832 Net errors and omissions ,316 1, ,636-2,432 2, ,021-1, Overall balance 5,868 11,757 16,985 31,421 26,159 15,052 36,606 92,164-20,080 13,441 13,050-12,831 3,826 15,508 61,406 17,905 21,550 43,574 Reserves and related items -5,868-11,757-16,985-31,421-26,159-15,052-36,606-92,164 20,080-13,441-13,050 12,831-3,826-15,508-61,406-17,905-21,550-43,574 International investment position , , , , , ,339 Balance of Payments (% of GDP at current market prices) Exports Imports Balance on goods Current account balance Overall balance INTERNATIONAL RESERVES calendar year ($ million) Total 40,155 48,200 70, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,772 Gold, national valuation 2,252 2,329 2,712 3,323 3,808 4,102 5,367 6,871 6,605 9,486 22,470 26,620 27,220 19,725 19,378 17,240 18,584 20,422 Foreign exchange 37,264 45,251 66,994 97, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,104 Reserve position in the IMF ,318 1, ,430 1,368 3,923 4,494 4,344 3,323 2,468 3,130 2,735 SDRs ,169 5,078 4,429 4,436 4,447 4,185 4,003 1,432 1,512 EXCHANGE RATES (` $) End of period Average of period EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS as of end of year ($ million) Total debt outstanding and disbursed 101,131 99, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Long-term debt 96,782 95, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Public and publicly guaranteed 81,196 78,978 82,052 63,673 64,879 54,726 60,043 69,908 76,316 85, , , , , , , , Private nonguaranteed 15,586 16,924 18,670 47,873 50,843 56,680 73,361 96, , , , , , , , , , Short-term debt 3,462 2,742 4,093 6,327 6,864 8,816 25,097 36,093 43,821 46,603 56,448 78,052 93,349 92,706 85,574 81,563 83, Use of IMF credit ,012 1, ,025 1,076 1,049 6,237 6,127 6,108 6,114 6,127 5,764 5,513 5, External debt (% of GNI) Total long-term debt (% of total debt) Short-term debt (% of total debt) Debt service (% of exports of goods and services) Debt service transactions during the fiscal year ($ million) Principal repayments on long-term debt 6,425 7,334 11,206 20,210 13,062 19,384 12,412 32,097 23,685 10,990 19,018 22,227 21,202 28,931 80,774 38,773 65,972 31,104* Interest on long-term debt 3,993 4,305 4,075 5,473 4,226 4,196 4,524 5,488 5,718 4,942 4,675 6,206 7,774 8,629 10,970 9,815 9,541 11,662* Interest on short-term debt ,782 1, ,435 1, ,155 1,628...

10 10 Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2018 Average terms of new commitments Interest (% per annum) Maturity (years) Grace period (years) Grant element (%) = data not available; I = marks break in series; -0.0 or 0.0 = magnitude is less than half of unit employed; * = provisional, preliminary, estimate, budget figure; $ = United States dollars; ` = n rupees; cif = cost, insurance, and freight; fob = free on board; GDP = gross domestic product; GNI = gross national income; IMF = International Monetary Fund; km 2 = square kilometer; kwh = kilowatt-hour; L = liter; m 3 = cubic meters; NPISHs = nonprofit institutions serving households; SDRs = special drawing rights; t = metric ton. Note: A base year represented as, e.g., 2014/2015, corresponds to the fiscal year (e.g., beginning 1 April 2014 and ending 31 March 2015) and related data is presented in the column for the single year during which most of the fiscal year occurred (e.g., 2014). a For , data were estimated based on GDP per capita figures from the Government of s Central Statistics Office. For 2011 onward, data are from Central Statistics Office national accounts press notes. b For 2000, 2005, 2009, and 2011, data on labor force are estimates from the National Sample Survey, and are based on total population. c For 2011 onward, there are changes in basic concepts in line with the changing of the base year to 2011/12 and the adoption of the System of National Accounts d For , refers to trade, repair services, hotels, and restaurants. For 2017, refers to trade, repair services, hotels, and restaurants; transportation and storage; and information and communication. e For , refers to communication and services related to broadcasting. f For and 2017, data include real estate, ownership of dwelling, and professional services. g For 2017, data include public administration and defense; compulsory social security; education; health and social work; arts, entertainment, and recreation activities; and other service activities. h Refers to gross capital formation, which refers to the sum of gross fixed capital formation, valuables, increases in stocks, and errors and omission. i Includes NPISHs. j Annual growth of GDP refers to market prices, and growth per sector at basic prices. k Refers to gross savings. l Midyear population estimates per fiscal year (i.e., 1 October) were used for deriving per capita figures. m For the fiscal year beginning 1 April. n Data refer to availability for consumption (as included earlier). o Data refer to availability for consumption excluding imported liquefied natural gas. p For , data include electricity consumed in auxiliary stations and losses in transmission and distribution system; for , data include thermal, hydropower, and nuclear energy. q Gasoline premium refers to motor spirit; diesel refers to high-speed diesel oil. r Prior to 2011, data refer to the consumer price index (CPI) for industrial workers. For 2011 onward, data refer to the new CPI series (national combining rural and urban). s Refers to pan, tobacco, and intoxicants. t For 2000 and 2012, food CPI refers to food, beverages, and tobacco. u For , data refer to calendar year averages. Prior to 2011, data refer to CPI for industrial workers. v Refers to currency with the public defined as currency in circulation less cash in hand with banks. w Refers to deposit money of the public defined as deposit money with banks and other deposits with the Reserve Bank of (RBI); excludes government deposits. x Quasi-money refers to broad money (M3) less narrow money (M1), which is equal to time deposits. y Data for 2004 are adjusted based on the mergers and conversion in the banking system. Data for 2005 are not comparable with those of the other years because 2005 data include 27 fortnights, versus the usual 26 fortnights. z Residual item; defined as government s currency liabilities to the public less banking sector s net nonmonetary liabilities other than time deposits. aa Data refer to bank credits of commercial banks. ab Prior to 2002, data refer to commercial and state cooperative banks. For 2002 onward, data refer to total bank credit of commercial banks. ac Refers to preshipment export credit up to 180 days. ad Refers to ceiling rates on general credit prescribed by the RBI. Data for 2000 onward, refer to postshipment export credit of usance bills up to 90 days. ae Includes grants. af Disinvestment receipts and total capital receipts of include an amount of ` billion under miscellaneous capital receipts, which represents the RBI s surplus transferred to the central government on account of the transfer of its stake in the State Bank of to the central government. Further, data exclude borrowings and other liabilities. ag Represents revenue expenditure. ah Relates to fiscal deficit. ai Data refers to financing gross fiscal deficit market and other borrowings. aj Data for central government relate to administrative departments (current and capital expenditure), excluding the local bodies. ak Includes public order and safety.

11 11 al Includes environmental protection, recreation, culture, and religion. am For , follows the IMF s Balance of Payments Manual (fifth edition); for , follow s the IMF s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (sixth edition). an Total may not add up due to other components not included in the data presentation, i.e., external assistance, commercial borrowings, short terms credit, and debt service. Sources: Population Population density Urban population Labor Force National Accounts For : Asian Development Bank estimates. For : Government of, Central Statistics Office (CSO). Official communication, 9 July 2018; past communication. CSO. Official communication, 9 July 2018; past communication. For : CSO. Official communication, 26 May 2017; past communication. For : United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects (accessed 21 May 2018). CSO. Official communication, 9 July 2018; past communication. National Sample Survey Reports. New Delhi. CSO. Official communication, 9 July 2018; past communication. Production Indexes Agriculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. FAOSTAT. (accessed 1 June 2018). Mining For : Reserve Bank of (RBI) Handbook of Statistics on the n Economy 2002/03. Mumbai. Manufacturing For : CSO. Official website; other publications; (accessed 4 July 2018). Energy Price Indexes Money and Banking Government Finance Expenditure by Function External Trade CSO. Official communication, 9 July 2018; past communication. CSO. Official communication, 9 July 2018; past communication. RBI. Official communication, 2 May 2018; past communication. Government of, Ministry of Finance. Official website. (accessed 4 July 2018); past communication. CSO. Official communication, 9 July 2018; past communication. RBI. Official communication, 2 May 2018; past communication; other publications. Direction of Trade International Monetary Fund (IMF). Direction of Trade Statistics. (accessed 21 May 2018). Balance of Payments RBI. Official communication, 12 July 2018; past communication; other publications. International Reserves IMF. International Financial Statistics, (accessed 16 May 2018). Exchange Rates IMF. International Financial Statistics, (accessed 11 April 2018). External Indebtedness World Bank. World Development Indicators. (accessed 18 April 2018).