Socio-Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Livelihood analysis of Rural Communities in Kundasang, Sabah
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1 MMJD 1263 Disaster Education & Preparedness for Social Resilience Socio-Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters: A Livelihood analysis of Rural Communities in Kundasang, Sabah Khairul Hisyam Kamarudin, PhD UTM RAZAK SCHOOL of Engineering and Advanced Technology, UTM, Kuala Lumpur 23 May 2017
2 Government preparing a program on natural disaster management
3 INTRODUCTION This paper analyses the socio-economic impacts of natural disasters and multihazards resulted from the Sabah Earthquake (followed by series of aftershocks, landslides and debris flow). The main analysis examines the impacts of natural disasters mainly to the local economy, social activity and physical/environment. Twin landslides in Mesilou, Kundasang, Sabah (Khamarrul 2015)
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6 Landslides at Kinabalu Golf Club, Kundasang, Sabah (Khamarrul 2015)
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8 Community Livelihood Analysis (CLA) CLA is a tool for analysing people s livelihood and the impacts of specific threats on livelihood vulnerability. Household income CLA Lax & Krug (2013); Morse et al. (2009); ENN (2006) Employment structure Socio-economic Goals + stra at micro level Ownership of assets
9 Community Livelihood Analysis (CLA) Another crucial element of CLA is that it involves community participation to identify the economic, social and physical components of their livelihoods that are affected or vulnerable to a specific threat (or in this case, the multi-hazards and the aftermath of natural disasters) (Lax and Krug, 2013; ENN, 2006).
10 Relevant participatory methods for assessments are adopted such as household surveys using specifically-designed questionnaires and unstructured interviews in order to uncover local issues, problems or concerns and their perception and response towards reducing the risk or negative consequences, should multi-hazards and disasters occur in the future. The CLA might not serve as a basis for emergency assessments. However, some information gathered through CLA process could be useful especially to alert the community and local authorities regarding the socio-economic impacts of a disaster on the livelihoods of rural households.
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12 Field visit and observation Stakeholders meeting Household survey FGD Follow-up interview Assessment: Field visit & participatory method
13 RESULTS Information 1 Gender Male Female 2 Ethnicity Dusun Others 3 Religion Islam Christian Animism Num. (n) Total num. (n) % Total (%) Information 4 Marital status Single Married Single mother Single father 5 Origin Born and raised here Moved here from other village/place Num. (n) Total num. (n) % Total (%)
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19 Monthly household income according to village (RM501 RM1000) Before disaster After disaster
20 Monthly household income according to village (RM1001 RM1500) Before disaster After disaster
21 Monthly household income according to village (RM1501-RM2000) Before disaster After disaster
22 Monthly household income according to village (RM2001-RM2500) Before disaster After disaster
23 Knowledge and Preparedness towards Disaster
24 Yes No Experiencing disaster Landslide Mud flood Earthquake Strong wind Experiencing disaster types of disaster
25 Others Due to climate shifting Natural phenomena Human activities (uncontrolled development) Possible factors of disaster
26 Question / statement Min value Note / remarks 1 I may have capability to predict disaster 2.29 Disagree 2 Natural disaster is something that you cannot avoid or prevent 3 My house was built to withstand earthquake (shaking) 4 My bedroom was built to withstand earthquake 5 I have/prepare disaster emergency kit / bag 4.11 Agreed 2.56 Disagree to not sure 2.82 Disagree to not sure 3.26 Not sure
27 Question / statement Min value Note / remarks 6 I knew where to evacuate / safe shelter 3.53 No sure to agree 7 It is important to share experience in facing disaster 8 I believe government will provide sufficient help/facilities for disaster relief 9 I believe government will repair damages in my area after disaster 10 I knew which agencies to be contacted for help/assistance 4.45 Agreed 3.54 Not sure to agree 3.83 Not sure to agree 3.82 Not sure to agree 11 I am aware of the importance of DRR activities 4.02 Agreed
28 Local authority Source of information for disaster (n=93)
29 After disaster During disaster No access Very limited Good access Access to information during and after disaster (n=93)
30 Not thinking about moving out Have thought but can t afford Have thought & wanted to move Perception on the possibilities of moving out or to be resettled elsewhere (n=93)
31 Will involve high cost Have no other option/no land Already used to it/adopted Reasons given by those who do not want to move out (n=34)
32 Yes No Not sure Involvement in decision-making process related to DRR (n=93)
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35 Very effective Effective Not sure Less efficient Not efficient Perception on the role and effectiveness of agencies in disaster response and management (n=93)
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37 SESI 1 Soal-selidik isirumah menilai impak geobencana terhadap kehidupan penduduk kampung, 25/11/2015 Bilangan responden, n=100
38 Conclusion This study revealed an evidence that can be used to support the claim that monthly income of the villages was reduced after the disaster. The most significant evidence is the increase in the percentage of households with a monthly income below RM500 in every village (which means more people have fallen into the poor category) which is then directly related to the decrease in households with a monthly income between RM501 and RM2500. However, this study cannot confirm/conclude whether the poor people (income below RM500/month) in the study area is attributed to the reduced revenue for categories other than under RM500. Thus, regular research should be conducted promptly to describe this relationship in greater depth and find out whether the decline in income was due to a disaster or otherwise
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