MODULE 1 MODULE 1. Risk Management. Session 1: Common Terminology. Session 2: Risk Assessment Process

Transcription

1 Risk Management Session 1: Common Terminology Session 2: Risk Assessment Process

2 Learning Objectives By the end of this module, the participant should be able to: Describe the basic terms and concepts used in risk management Discuss the risk assessment process Do a simple community risk assessment Prepare a map of risk management Training/Learning Activity This module will utilize: lectures small group activities demonstration

3 Key References Australia and New Zealand Risk Standard SESSION I

4 Sustainable Human Development health, education, governance, employment, environment (security) public safety individuals populations vulnerability reduction + risk management hazard prevention and mitigation + emergency preparedness (readiness) + + emergency management emergency response and recovery reconstruction and rehabilitation disaster emergencies non disaster emergencies earthquakes (example) epidemics (example) Questions and Answers ACTIVITY Use the cards provided to answer the 6 questions the facilitator will ask you. Answer individually first, then work as a group to prepare a group answer. Write your group answer on a flip chart.

5 Disaster is: any actual threat to public safety/and or public health where local government services are unable to meet the immediate needs of the community Coping with the Needs Examples of what must be done in an emergency: find and rescue victims evacuate victims to safe place provide first aid and medical transport treat the injured provide emergency shelter, sanitation, food and water provide care for the dead and manage the missing re-establish security re-establish essential services (water, energy, communications) repair essential infrastructure plan for recovery and reconstruction

6 Disasters Date Place Hazard Deaths 1996 Kobe Earthquake 20, Venezuela Flood 30, Colombia Volcano 20,000 Hazard is: any potential threat to public health and safety

7 Hazards There are 4 classes of hazard: 1. Natural hazards 2. Technological hazards 3. Biological hazards 4. Societal hazards Some examples: Earthquakes Floods Volcanoes Civil unrest Sporting events Chemical factories Hazards

8 An Emergency is: any actual threat to public health and safety Some examples: Emergencies My son hasn t come home from school A man is having a heart attack A plane is about to crash Gas is leaking from a factory An earthquake has happened in China

9 Vulnerabilities are: Factors which determine the risks arising from a specific hazard in a specific community (determinants of risk) Vulnerable Groups Those who because of constraints of an economic, social, ethnic, biological, physical or geographical nature, are less able to cope with the impact of hazards than other members of their community or society Vulnerabilities are: Intrinsic - specific to the individual - age, sex, health status, mobility, literacy, habits, behaviour etc Extrinsic - shared by groups within a community - location, environment, poverty, availability of services, culture etc.

10 Risks are: The probability and the consequences of exposure to a hazard Risks = Consequences Some examples: dead and missing injury (mental and physical) disease (mental and physical) secondary hazards (fire, disease etc.) contamination of the environment displacement breakdown in security damage to infrastructure breakdown in essential services loss of property loss of income

11 A Community Consists of 5 Elements: 1. the people 2. their property (infrastructure, possessions and assets; public, private and cultural) 3. their services (government and non-government, commercial and voluntary) 4. their livelihoods (urban and rural, formal and informal) 5. their environment (air, water and soil; urban and rural, built and natural) Seven Fundamental Terms in Risk Management A Logical Framework of Terminology (the relationships between the key words) Hazard Any potential threat to public safety and/or public health Emergency An actual threat to public safety and/or public health Disaster Any actual threat to public safety and/or public health where local government and the emergency services are unable meet the immediate needs of the community Risks Anticipated consequences of a specific hazard interacting with a specific community (at a specific time) Vulnerabilities Factors which increase the risks arising from a specific hazard in a specific community (risk modifiers) Capacities An assessment of ability to manage to an emergency (a risk modifier) total capacity is measured as readiness Community is people, property, services, livelihoods and environment i.e. the elements exposed to hazards

12 Logical Framework of Terminology COMMUNITY RISKS are proportional to VULNERABILITIES HAZARD X READINESS SESSION II

13 Demonstration 1. The facilitator will use a simple demonstration to illustrate the key terms in risk management 2. One of the participants will be asked to repeat the the demonstration and the others should comment on his/her presentation. Anatomy of Risks Management hazard indicators natural hazards biological hazards technological hazards societal hazards 1. probability of occurrence 2. scale: magnitude, intensity 3. area, spread, duration biological hazards: season, infectivity, latency transmission, resistance, etc. earthquakes; floods/storms; famine; diseases of epidemic potential; events/crowds; intoxication; infestations; transport accidents; structural failures; industrial accidents; pollution; refugees; war; terrorism X community = consequences indicators probability of death; injury (mental and physical); disease (mental and physical) loss of lifelines (i.e. shelter, water, food, energy); population displacement;; loss of property; loss of income secondary hazards; breakdown in security; damage to infrastructure; breakdown in services; environmental contamination; etc. Monitor and evaluate by following hazard specific rates and trends: events/year cases and deaths/100,000/year cases and deaths/1000 affected/year cases and deaths/event/year EXCESS injuries, disease, disability

14 community hazard x vulnerability / readiness = Community Risks risk initiator risk modifier risk modifier indicators: indicators: indicators: indicators: natural hazards people: laws, policy, guidelines, procedures probability of: biological hazards: access to health care authority, resources, plans death technological hazards measles vaccination knowledge, skills, attitudes injury (mental and physical) societal hazards under 5 nutrition multisectoral, all hazards disease (mental and physical) 1. probability of occurrence under 5 mortality legislation 2. scale: magnitude, intensity access to clean water national and sectoral policy loss of lifelines ie 3. area, spread, duration access to sanitation administrative procedures (shelter, water, food, energy) biological hazards: adequate housing response and recovery plans population displacements season, infectivity, latency employment/income preparedness plans loss of property transmission, resistance, etc female literacy technical guidelines loss of income earthquakes property: management structure floods/storms health infrastructure institutional arrangements secondary hazards famine vehicles information systems breakdown in security diseases of epidemic potential medical equipment/supplies warning systems damage to infrastructure events/crowds services: human resources breakdown in services intoxification curative care services material resources environmental contamination infestations ambulance services financial resources etc transport accidents public health services simulations and training structural failures health information system education industrial accidents livelihoods: public information pollution formal community participation Monitor and evaluate by following refugees informal research hazard specific rates and trends: war environment: publications events/year terrorism natural/built/urban/rural private sector role cases and deaths/100000/year water/soil/air quality cases and deaths/1000 affected/year vector habitats cases and deaths/event/year Prevention and Mitigation Programme + forestry, agriculture Vulnerability Reduction Programme + Emergency Preparedness Programme = EXCESS injuries; disease; disability Community Risk Management Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Preparedness Second level Mitigation DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE Disaster Impact Third level Fourth level Fifth level Response Relief & Recovery Prevention Development 28

15 Recovery Hazard mitigation and prevention + Emergency management disaster Negative impact Risk Management + Emergency preparedness activities & Readiness Vulnerability reduction + Positive contribution Safer communities & Sustainable development Vulnerabilities are determinants of risk

16 Exercise Develop 3 indicators of vulnerability for people as one element of community. Indicators of Vulnerabilities (for people) Access to health care Measles vaccination coverage rate Under 5 nutrition rate Under 5 mortality rate Access to safe water Access to sanitation Access to adequate housing Access to regular source of income Female literacy rates

17 Exercise Develop 3 indicators of capacity for a community. community hazard x vulnerability / readiness = Community Risks risk initiator risk modifier risk modifier indicators: indicators: indicators: indicators: natural hazards people: laws, policy, guidelines, procedures probability of: biological hazards: access to health care authority, resources, plans death technological hazards measles vaccination knowledge, skills, attitudes injury (mental and physical) societal hazards under 5 nutrition multisectoral, all hazards disease (mental and physical) 1. probability of occurrence under 5 mortality legislation 2. scale: magnitude, intensity access to clean water national and sectoral policy loss of lifelines ie 3. area, spread, duration access to sanitation administrative procedures (shelter, water, food, energy) biological hazards: adequate housing response and recovery plans population displacements season, infectivity, latency employment/income preparedness plans loss of property transmission, resistance, etc female literacy technical guidelines loss of income earthquakes property: management structure floods/storms health infrastructure institutional arrangements secondary hazards famine vehicles information systems breakdown in security diseases of epidemic potential medical equipment/supplies warning systems damage to infrastructure events/crowds services: human resources breakdown in services intoxification curative care services material resources environmental contamination infestations ambulance services financial resources etc transport accidents public health services simulations and training structural failures health information system education industrial accidents livelihoods: public information pollution formal community participation Monitor and evaluate by following refugees informal research hazard specific rates and trends: war environment: publications events/year terrorism natural/built/urban/rural private sector role cases and deaths/100000/year water/soil/air quality cases and deaths/1000 affected/year vector habitats cases and deaths/event/year Prevention and Mitigation Programme + forestry, agriculture Vulnerability Reduction Programme + Emergency Preparedness Programme = EXCESS injuries; disease; disability Community Risk Management

18 Capacities are: determinants of risk Preparedness is: measures to build capacities to respond to, and recover from, emergencies

19 Ten key elements of preparedness Legal Framework Policies Procedures Guidelines Plans Resources Authority Knowledge Skills Awareness National, provincial, local, agency and institutional level Personal and community level Emergency Management To protect public safety and public health, a community and its emergency services need: Capacity to respond Capacity to recover

20 Questions and Answers What is risk management? Risks Management 1. Brings all these concepts and terms together into a common framework and 2. Provides a practical tool to collect evidence to guide policy makers and planners

21 Risks Management Process Risk assessment and analysis Risk communication Risk reduction Risk monitoring Risks Assessment Process 1. Prepares hazard profiles 2. Maps the distribution of those hazards 3. Identifies the elements of the community exposed to those hazards 4. Predicts the consequences of a hazard interacting with that community at a certain time (e.g. in a certain season)

22 Risks Assessment Process 5. Analyses each of the 5 elements of community in terms of that hazard to identify the factors which will lead to each consequence i.e. determines the vulnerabilities of each element 6. Assesses risk reduction capacities within communities The information from a Risk Assessment is used to undertake interventions to reduce risks by reducing exposure to hazards, reducing vulnerabilities and building capacities Risks Analysis COMMUNITY RISKS are proportional to VULNERABILITIES HAZARDS X READINESS

23 Risks Reduction The purpose of a risks analysis is to guide communities in planning for community risks reduction activities (protecting health and safety) by developing and maintaining 3 sets of plans: Hazard Reduction Plans (reduce exposure) Vulnerability Reduction Plans (reduce consequences) Emergency Preparedness Plans (increase capacity for response and recovery) Outcome of a Risks Approach to Planning Risks Interventions Responsible Agencies Resources needed Time needed Indicators Injuries in a volcanic eruption x, h, f A, C 1,2,3 P 5, i, % Burns in factory fires y, a, n B 4,5,6 Q 7, m, * Drowning during floods z, d, e A, B, C, E 7,8,9 R 9,

24 Outcome of a Risks Management Approach Safer and healthier communities Group exercise Prepare a map of risk management. 1. Make a 4 column table linking indicators of hazard, vulnerabilities, capacities and risks 2. In the first column, list the indicators of hazard 3. In columns 2 and 3, list the indicators of community vulnerabilities and capacities 4. In column 4 list the risks that result from exposure to hazards 5. Hazard + Community RISKS

25 Key Learning Points At community level, the Risks Management Framework uses: 4 classes of hazard 5 elements of community 10 components of preparedness to produce: 1 community risks reduction plan with 3 components to protect public health and safety in communities Ten key elements of preparedness Legal Framework Policies Procedures Guidelines Plans Resources Authority Knowledge Skills Awareness National, provincial, local, agency and institutional level Personal and community level

26 Learning Objectives By the end of this module, the participant should be able to: Describe the basic terms and concepts used in risk management Discuss the risk assessment process Do a simple community risk assessment Prepare a map of risk management WE PREVENT DISASTERS IF WE MANAGE EMERGENCIES

27 community hazard x vulnerability / readiness = Community Risks risk initiator risk modifier risk modifier indicators: indicators: indicators: indicators: natural hazards people: laws, policy, guidelines, procedures probability of: biological hazards: access to health care authority, resources, plans death technological hazards measles vaccination knowledge, skills, attitudes injury (mental and physical) societal hazards under 5 nutrition multisectoral, all hazards disease (mental and physical) 1. probability of occurrence under 5 mortality legislation 2. scale: magnitude, intensity access to clean water national and sectoral policy loss of lifelines ie 3. area, spread, duration access to sanitation administrative procedures (shelter, water, food, energy) biological hazards: adequate housing response and recovery plans population displacements season, infectivity, latency employment/income preparedness plans loss of property transmission, resistance, etc female literacy technical guidelines loss of income earthquakes property: management structure floods/storms health infrastructure institutional arrangements secondary hazards famine vehicles information systems breakdown in security diseases of epidemic potential medical equipment/supplies warning systems damage to infrastructure events/crowds services: human resources breakdown in services intoxification curative care services material resources environmental contamination infestations ambulance services financial resources etc transport accidents public health services simulations and training structural failures health information system education industrial accidents livelihoods: public information pollution formal community participation Monitor and evaluate by following refugees informal research hazard specific rates and trends: war environment: publications events/year terrorism natural/built/urban/rural private sector role cases and deaths/100000/year water/soil/air quality cases and deaths/1000 affected/year vector habitats cases and deaths/event/year Prevention and Mitigation Programme + forestry, agriculture Vulnerability Reduction Programme + Emergency Preparedness Programme = EXCESS injuries; disease; disability Community Risk Management RISK MANAGEMENT Thank you