ADOPT A FLOWERBED IN MILAN

Transcription

1 ADOPT A FLOWERBED IN MILAN payment for ecosystem services through civic engagement Edoardo Croci Benedetta Lucchitta NBS2017 Nature based solutions, from innovation to common use Tallinn, 26 th October 2017

2 2 NBSs Nature Based Solutions (NBSs) are actions to protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems, that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing human well-being and biodiversity benefits (IUNC, 2016). NBSs range in scale, from individual street trees, green roofs and private gardens through to parks, rivers and woodlands, transport corridors, verges and, at the larger scale, wetlands, forests and agricultural land. Source: Eggemont et al., 2015

3 3 Share of green spaces in Europe Source: EEA, 2014

4 4 Green areas in Milan Green spaces: Green areas: m2 Trees: Recreational areas: 906 Green spaces per inhabitant: 17,86 m2

5 5 Milan initiative: Adopt a flowerbed Milan Municipality in 2005 launched the adopt a flowerbed initiative. This initiative foresees the engagement of various stakeholders in the management of urban green areas. The initiative was born through the proposal of a local NGO Verde in Comune. Citizens, NGOs, private companies, universities can, directly or indirectly, provide for the maintenance of green areas within the city through standardised voluntary agreements designed by the Municipality. A special municipal office was established to promote, manage and monitor the initiative. The duration of the contracts vary from 3 to 5 years based on the agreement typology. The areas under the initiative are: flowerbeds, urban parks and gardens, recreational areas, roundabouts, tree lines and trees.

6 6 Procedure for the agreement Application by proposers Submission and approval of the project Signature of the agreement Project implementation within 60 days Monitoring

7 Localisation of adopted areas 7

8 Flowerbeds Potentially adoptable areas Urban parks and gardens Recreational areas 8 Roundabouts Tree lines Trees

9 9 Benefits These areas generate several ecosystem services: Aesthetic improvement Recreational activities Social interaction Road safety Water filtration Temperature regulation Pollution removal Biodiversity enhancement Source: The Nature Conservancy, 2014

10 Green area design 10 Key characteristics of business models Green area management Municipality Private partner Municipality Financial sponsorship - Private partner Technical sponsorship Technical collaboration

11 11 1 Technical collaboration Project for the green area elaborated by the private partner. Direct management of the area by the private partner who directly takes care of maintenance costs. Duration: 5 years In order to apply for the collaboration a project proposal and a technical relation are mandatory. The agreement signed by the Municipality of Milan and the other private partner defines the modalities for: 1. Typology of interventions 2. Standards for the green areas maintenance 3. Environmental requirements (waste management) 4. Agreement validity 5. Penalties 6. Costs (including VAT) 7. Monitoring

12 12 2 Technical sponsorship Project for the green area elaborated by the private partner. The private partner provides an economic contribution to the municipality which takes care of the implementation of the project and of the maintenance costs through a common tender for all municipal green areas. Duration: 3 years In order to apply for a technical sponsorship it is necessary to present: 1. a detailed project proposal for the area 2. a technical relation including the characteristics of the plants and their maintenance 3. a financial plan for managing the green area during the whole contract duration

13 13 3 Financial sponsorship Project for the green area elaborated by the Municipality. The private partner provides an economic contribution to the municipality which takes care of maintenance costs through a common tender for all municipal green areas. Duration: 3 years The agreement signed by the Municipality and the private partner defines: 1. Responsibilities 2. Duration of the contract 3. Obligations of the sponsor 4. Obligations of the Municipality 5. Penalties 6. Costs (including VAT)

14 14 Public recognition The Municipality gives public recognition through a plate.

15 15 Adopt a flowerbed as a payment for ecosystem services Adopt a flowerbed can be analysed as a payment for ecosystem services (PES) scheme. In fact PESs are defined as: A voluntary transaction where a well-defined environmental service, or a land-use likely to secure that service, is being bought by a (minimum one) buyer from a (minimum one) provider» Wunder (2002). Milan Municipality is the owner of the natural resource providing ecosystem services. Citizens and other stakeholders are the benefiters of the ecosystem services. Through the agreement, they engage in maintaining the natural resource and the ecosystem services provided by it. A key aspect is the standardisation of the agreements by the Municipality in order to facilitate the engagement of different categories of stakeholders.

16 16 Number of agreements trend

17 17 Numbers of agreements 432 agreements were signed by private and public stakeholders for a total of m2 of green areas. The commitments of on-going agreements equals to ,78. Contracts per typology 47% 33% 432 technical collab. technical sponsor. 20% financial sponsor.

18 18 Green areas per range of surface The graph above represents the distribution of the green areas between 6 ranges of dimension (m2) /50 51/ / / / /32488

19 19 Geographical distribution of agreements 8 17% 9 5% 5% 2 The map represents the distribution of the agreements in the 9 administrative districts of Milan. 7 28% 26% 1 21% 6% 9% 3 6 5% 4 5

20 Number of contracts 20 Stakeholders engagement condominium companies citizens NGOs universities/schools 37 4

21 Agreements selected by stakeholders 21

22 22 Stakeholders engaged per district Condominium Companies Citizens NGOs Universities

23 23 Geographical distribution of investments 8 14% 9 4% 12% 2 7 7% 1 39% 2% 9% 3 6% 6 7% 4 5

24 Investments per district and per typology of agreement (per year) 24 District Technical collaboration Financial sponsorship Technical sponsorship Total investment per year Area m2 Average investment per m2 per year , , , , ,1 6,95 /m ,75 193, , , ,1 1,27 /m ,51 881, , , ,76 5,73 /m , , , , ,88 2,38 /m , , , , ,2 1,59 /m , , , , ,3 1,32 /m , , , , ,01 1,98 /m , , , , ,84 0,98 /m ,93 976, , , ,84 9,01 /m2 TOTAL , , , , ,03 2,29 /m2

25 25 Share of investments per stakeholder 1% 3% 5% 7% Condominium Companies Citizens NGOs Universities/ schools 84%

26 26 Annual investments per stakeholder Condominium Companies Citizens NGOs Universities/ schools Average annual cost per m2 1,01 /m2 2,33 /m2 1,01 /m2 1,01 /m2 1,8 /m2

27 27 Investments per district and per stakeholder $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ - $ Universities - $ $ - $ $ 505 $ $ - $ 236 $ $ NGOs $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 68 $ Citizens $ 61 $ 43 $ 462 $ $ 288 $ $ 429 $ 45 $ Companies $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Condominium $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 530 $

28 THANKS. Edoardo Croci Benedetta Lucchitta