How To Score, Rank & Prioritize. Improving Regional Water Quality Utah Cultural Celebration Center November 21, 2014

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1 How To Score, Rank & Prioritize Improving Regional Water Quality Utah Cultural Celebration Center November 21, 2014

2 Why score & prioritize? You can t implement ALL your ideas! (at least not all at once) Separate the wheat from the chaff Avoid picking projects just based on personal preferences (or good politics)

3 Lots of Stuff You Can Do To Restore A Watershed

4 Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted. -Albert Einstein

5 Important Things to Count 1. Pollutant Reductions For Various Practices 2. Planning-Level Costs

6 Pollutant Reductions

7 Nitrogen Reduction Practices (Iowa) Nitrogen Management Land Use Edge-of-Field Practice % Nitrate-N Reduction [Average (Std. Dev.)] Timing (Fall to spring) 6 (25) Source (Liquid swine compared to commercial) Nitrogen Application Rate 4 (11) Depends on starting point Nitrification Inhibitor 9 (19) Cover Crops (Rye) 31 (29) Perennial Land retirement 85 (9) Living Mulches 41 (16) Extended Rotations 42 (12) Drainage Water Mgmt. 33 (32)* Shallow Drainage 32 (15)* Wetlands 52 Bioreactors 43 (21) Buffers 91 (20)**

8 Phosphorus Management Phosphorus Reduction Practices (Iowa) Practice Producer does not apply phosphorus until STP drops to optimal level Source (Liquid swine compared to commercial) % Phosphorus-P Reduction [Average (Std. Dev.)] 17 (40) 46 (45) Incorporation 36 (27) No-till (70% residue) vs. conventional tillage (30% residue) 90 (17) Cover Crops (Rye) 29 (37) Perennial Land retirement 75 (-) Land Use Pasture 59 (42) Edge-of-Field Buffers 58 (32)

9 Source: EPA Region 1, Charles River TMDL

10 Source: EPA Region 1, Charles River TMDL

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12 Costs

13 Components of Cost Design & Engineering Land Construction Overhead (admin, PM, insurance, taxes, etc.) Long-term O&M

14 Construction Costs (2011 $)

15 20-Year Life-Cycle Costs (average annual)

16 UNH Stormwater Center Study: ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering, July Annualized Maintenance Costs Vegetated Swale: $2,280/ha of IC treated/year Wet Pond: $7,830/ha of IC treated/year

17 r.php

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19 Curbed Bioretention M User entered 'MEDIUM' maintenance level in Sheet 1. Site Name: Site Location: Date: Whole Life Costs Year Discount Factor Capital & Assoc. Costs Regular Maint. Costs Corrective Maint. Total Costs Present Value of Costs Cash Cumulative Costs Present Value Discounted Cost per Year Cash Sum ($) $ 114,904 $ 67, $ 42,375 $ 42,375 $ 42,375 $ 42,375 $ 42,375 $ 67, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 297 $ 42,688 $ 42,672 $ 24, $ - $ 313 $ 2,159 $ 2,472 $ 2,221 $ 45,160 $ 44,893 $ 24, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 267 $ 45,473 $ 45,159 $ 22, $ - $ 313 $ 2,607 $ 2,920 $ 2,357 $ 48,393 $ 47,516 $ 21, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 239 $ 48,706 $ 47,756 $ 19, $ - $ 313 $ 2,159 $ 2,472 $ 1,793 $ 51,178 $ 49,549 $ 19, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 215 $ 51,491 $ 49,764 $ 17, $ - $ 313 $ 2,607 $ 2,920 $ 1,903 $ 54,411 $ 51,666 $ 17, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 193 $ 54,724 $ 51,860 $ 15, $ - $ 313 $ 2,159 $ 2,472 $ 1,447 $ 57,196 $ 53,307 $ 15, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 174 $ 57,509 $ 53,481 $ 13, $ - $ 313 $ 2,607 $ 2,920 $ 1,536 $ 60,429 $ 55,016 $ 13, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 156 $ 60,742 $ 55,173 $ 12, $ - $ 313 $ 2,159 $ 2,472 $ 1,168 $ 63,214 $ 56,341 $ 11, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 140 $ 63,527 $ 56,481 $ 10, $ - $ 313 $ 2,607 $ 2,920 $ 1,240 $ 66,447 $ 57,721 $ 10, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 126 $ 66,760 $ 57,847 $ 9, $ - $ 313 $ 2,159 $ 2,472 $ 943 $ 69,232 $ 58,790 $ 9, $ - $ 313 $ - $ 313 $ 113 $ 69,545 $ 58,903 $ 8,236

20 Cost-effectiveness Study In-depth investigation of costs Review all urban practices Costs & Pollutant Removal 20-Year Life Cycle Costs TMDL Context

21 Most Cost-Effective Practices: Nitrogen Pet waste programs: IDDE /sewer repair: IDDE /cross connections: Forest buffers: $ 1.36/lb $ 8.73/lb $ 13.51/lb $100.31/lb Urban stream restoration: $226.67/lb

22 Most Cost-Effective Practices: Phosphorus Pet waste programs: IDDE /sewer repair: IDDE/cross connections: Urban stream restoration: Forest buffers: $10.43 /lb $34.94 /lb $54.05 /lb $666.69/lb $1,230.76/lb

23 Most Cost-Effective Practices: Total Suspended Solids Urban stream restoration: IDDE /sewer repair: Urban growth reduction: Retrofit of existing dry pond: Vegetated open channels $0.83/lb $0.87/lb $2.64/lb $3.89/lb $4.50/lb

24 Economic Benefits? Estimated Impacts Per $100 Million Invested in Stormwater BMP Construction Jurisdiction Economic Jobs Fiscal Impacts Impact Supported Federal State and Local Anne $220.2 million 776 $8.9 million $4.6 million Arundel County Baltimore City $145.0 million 344 $5.0 million $3.9 million Estimated Impacts Per $10 Million Invested in Stormwater O&M Jurisdiction Anne Arundel County Baltimore City Annual Economic Impact Jobs Supported Fiscal Impacts Federal State and Local $33.6 million 118 $1.6 million $0.8 million $22.9 million 75 $0.9 million $0.6 million Source: UMD EFC (2012)

25 Societal benefits Benefits of Green Infrastructure Benefit Practice Green Roof Tree Planting Bioretention/ Infiltration Permeable Water Pavement Harvesting Reduces water treatment needs Improves water quality Reduces grey infrastructure needs Reduces flooding Increases available water supply Increases groundwater recharge Reduces salt use Reduces energy use Improves air quality Reduces atmospheric CO 2 Reduces urban heat island Improves aesthetics Increases recreational opportunity Reduces noise pollution Improves community cohesion Urban agriculture Improves habitat

26 Added value of BMPs

27 Scoring & Prioritizing for Multiple Benefits 1. Screening Factors 2. Score Projects 3. Rank & Refine 4. Check Local Codes

28 Step 1: Choose screening factors Compare projects on common basis Select mix of objective & subjective factors Pick 3 8 categories Should relate back to your original goals

29 Example: Fluvanna Co. Retrofits Objective: 1. Total Phosphorus (TP) Removed 2. Cost per Pound of TP Removed Subjective: 3. Visibility & Outreach 4. Opportunity & Interest

30 Potential Screening Factors Pollutant Removal Cost Total Per Treated Acre Per Pollutant Removed Maintenance Landowner Issues Permitting Coordination With Other Efforts Neighborhood

31 Potential Screening Factors (cont d) Access Innovative Practices Partnership Opportunities Public Visibility Habitat Creation Community Benefits

32 Step 2: Score the projects Set your scale (100 points, for example) Set max score for each screening factor Put more weight on more important factors Define your score ranges Based on statistics OR Sliding scale based on certain characteristics [Document your reasoning!] Assign scores: Involve several team members

33 Example: Fluvanna Co. Retrofits Max Total Score = 100 points Factor Phosphorus Removed per yr Cost per lb of TP removed Visibility & Outreach Opportunity & Interest Max Score Definition of Range 30 Divide range of TP values into quartiles. Score = 0, 10, 20, or Divide range of Cost values into quartiles. Score = 30, 20, 10, 0 20 High = 20; Medium = 10; Low = 0 20 High = 20; Medium = 10; Low = 0

34 Step 3: Ranking & refining Examine top tier of projects Look for project killers such as: Unwilling landowner Way too expensive No real environmental benefit Toss those out (or set aside)

35 Step 4: Check Local Codes Curb & gutter, asphalt Road design Parking lots: size, surfacing Weed ordinance Etc.

36 Open Space/Common Areas Add stormwater treatment as compatible with other purposes to the purposes of Open Space ( B.2).

37 Subdivision Street standards Remove curb & gutter requirement for subdivision streets if another system preferable for stormwater can be verified to be adequate.

38 Parking requirements Reduce parking space minimums for commercial and office uses to 4 per 1,000 sf. Currently county code requires 5 parking spaces per 1,000 sf ( C).

39 Parking requirements Encourage or require the use of alternative pervious surfaces for required parking/overflow parking.

40 Summary Why Score & Prioritize Putting Practices on same scale Pollutant removal & cost (construction) Steps to score & prioritize on 100-point scale