MALAYSIA KELUARAN DALAM NEGERI KASAR TAHUNAN ANNUAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. Mei. May. Dikeluarkan pada: Released on:

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2 MALAYSIA KELUARAN DALAM NEGERI KASAR TAHUNAN ANNUAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Dikeluarkan pada: Released on: Mei 16 May 2014 Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Department of Statistics, Malaysia

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4 KATA PENGANTAR Penerbitan ini membentangkan anggaran Akaun Pengeluaran dan Perbelanjaan Malaysia bagi tahun 2005 hingga tahun Laporan ini mengandungi data statistik anggaran tahunan bagi aktiviti ekonomi dan jenis perbelanjaan mengikut harga semasa dan harga malar berasaskan tahun Anggaran penyusunan ini telah mengguna pakai saranan daripada Sistem Akaun Negara 1993 dan 2008, Pertubuhan Bangsa-bangsa Bersatu. Statistik bagi 2011 telah dimuktamadkan berdasarkan data terkini dari penyiasatan tahunan dan sumber-sumber lain. Semakan telah dilakukan bagi tahun 2012 sementara bagi tahun 2013 adalah data awalan. Metodologi, konsep, takrifan, sumber data dan penunjuk ekonomi makro terpilih turut dibekalkan dalam penerbitan ini untuk memudahkan pemahaman terhadap anggaran akaun negara. Jabatan merakamkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada semua pihak yang telah membekalkan data yang diperlukan. Sebarang cadangan dan pandangan ke arah memperbaiki penerbitan ini pada masa hadapan amatlah dihargai. Datuk Dr. Hj. Abdul Rahman Hasan Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia Mei 2014 i

5 PREFACE This publication presents the estimates of National Production and Expenditure Accounts for the year 2005 to The report contains statistical data of annual estimates for economic activity and type of expenditure in both current and constant prices at base year The compilation of these estimates is based on the concepts of System of National Accounts 1993 and 2008, United Nations. Statistics for 2011 was finalised based on recent data from annual surveys and other sources. Revision has been made for the year 2012 while for year 2013 are preliminary data. Methodology, concepts, definitions, sources of data and selected macroeconnomics indicators are also available in this publication to facilitate greater understanding of national accounts estimates. The Department gratefully acknowledges the co-operation of all parties concerned in providing the required data. All comments and suggestions towards improving future publications are greatly appreciated. Datuk Dr. Hj. Abdul Rahman Hasan Chief Statistician Malaysia May 2014 ii

6 MALAYSIA: DATA PENTING EKONOMI MAKRO MALAYSIA: MACRO ECONOMIC KEY DATA PNK pada harga semasa (RM bilion) GNI at current prices (RM billion) PNK pada harga semasa (Perubahan %) GNI at current prices (% change) PNK pada harga malar tahun 2005 (RM bilion) GNI at constant 2005 prices (RM billion) PNK pada harga malar tahun 2005 (Perubahan %) GNI at constant 2005 prices (% change) Tabungan negara kasar (RM bilion) Gross national savings (RM billion) Tabungan negara kasar (% kepada PNK) Gross national savings (% of GNI) KDNK pada harga malar tahun 2005 (RM bilion) GDP at constant 2005 prices (RM billion) Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Manufacturing Pembinaan Construction Perkhidmatan (termasuk Perkhidmatan kerajaan) Services (include Government services) KDNK pada harga malar tahun 2005 (Perubahan %) Pertanian Agriculture GDP at constant 2005 prices (% change) Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Manufacturing Pembinaan Construction Perkhidmatan (termasuk Perkhidmatan kerajaan) Services (include Government services) Permintaan domestik pada harga malar tahun 2005 (RM billion) Domestic demand at constant 2005 prices (RM billion) Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Permintaan domestik pada harga malar tahun 2005 (Perubahan %) Domestic demand at constant 2005 prices (% change) Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Indeks harga pengguna (Perubahan %) Consumer price index (% change) Semua bahagian 2005= All divisions 2005=100 Semua bahagian 2010= All divisions 2010=100 Indeks harga pengeluar (2005=100) (Perubahan %) Producer price index (2005=100) (% change) Ekonomi domestik Domestic economy Pengeluaran tempatan Local production Import Imports Indeks pengeluaran perindustrian (2010=100) 1 (Perubahan %) Semua bahagian All divisions Perlombongan Mining Pembuatan Manufacturing Elektrik Electricity Industrial production index (2010=100) 1 (% change) Eksport, import dan imbangan barangan (RM billion) Eksport (f.o.b.) Exports (f.o.b.) Import (c.i.f.) Imports (c.i.f.) Imbangan perdagangan Balance of trade Exports, imports and balance of merchandise (RM billion) Imbangan pembayaran (RM bilion) Balance of payments (RM billion) Imbangan barangan Balance on merchandise Imbangan tidak ketara Balance on invisibles Imbangan akaun semasa Balance on current account Tenaga buruh (Juta orang) Labour force (Million persons) Kadar pengangguran (%) Unemployment rate (%) Nota: Perubahan % adalah tahun ke tahun Note: % change is year on year 1 Mulai Januari 2014, Indeks Pengeluaran Perindustrian telah diasaskan semula kepada 2010=100 1 Starting January 2014, the Industrial Production Index has been rebased to 2010=100 Sumber: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia iii

7 KADAR PERTUMBUHAN KDNK BAGI NEGARA TERPILIH PADA HARGA MALAR GDP GROWTH FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES AT CONSTANT PRICES Negara/ Country KDNK GDP South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Pertanian Agriculture South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore (include quarrying) n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying South Korea Hong Kong n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Pembuatan Manufacturing South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Pembinaan Construction South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Perkhidmatan** Services ** South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a *Pada tahun asas terkini negara/ As at country's latest base year **Termasuk Utiliti dan Perkhidmatan Kerajaan/ Include Utilities and Government Services Sumber: Laman sesawang Pejabat Statistik Negara (NSO) terpilih Source: Selected National Statistics Office (NSO) website KAEDAH PENGELUARAN* PRODUCTION APPROACH* iv

8 PEMBAHAGIAN PERATUSAN KDNK BAGI NEGARA TERPILIH PERCENTAGE SHARE OF GDP FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES KAEDAH PENGELUARAN PRODUCTION APPROACH Negara/ Country Pertanian Agriculture South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore (include quarrying) n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Pembuatan Manufacturing South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Pembinaan Construction South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Perkhidmatan** Services ** South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia **Termasuk Utiliti dan Perkhidmatan Kerajaan/ Include Utilities and Government Services Sumber: Laman sesawang Pejabat Statistik Negara (NSO) terpilih Source: Selected National Statistics Office (NSO) website v

9 KADAR PERTUMBUHAN KDNK BAGI NEGARA TERPILIH PADA HARGA MALAR GDP GROWTH FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES AT CONSTANT PRICES Negara/ Country KDNK GDP United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Eksport Exports United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a Import Imports United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia n.a *Pada tahun asas terkini negara/ As at country's latest base year Sumber: Laman sesawang Pejabat Statistik Negara (NSO) terpilih Source: Selected National Statistics Office (NSO) website KAEDAH PERBELANJAAN* EXPENDITURE APPROACH* vi

10 PEMBAHAGIAN PERATUSAN KDNK BAGI NEGARA TERPILIH PERCENTAGE SHARE OF GDP FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES KAEDAH PERBELANJAAN EXPENDITURE APPROACH Negara/ Country Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Eksport Exports United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Import Imports United States Japan United Kingdom South Korea Hong Kong Taiwan Singapore n.a n.a Thailand Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Sumber: Laman sesawang Pejabat Statistik Negara (NSO) terpilih Source: Selected National Statistics Office (NSO) website vii

11 SINGKATAN ABBREVIATIONS c.i.f : Cost, insurance and freight COFC : Consumption of Fixed Capital COFOG : Classification of the Functions of Government COICOP : Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose CPI : Consumer Price Index DOSM : Department of Statistics, Malaysia etc. : Others f.o.b : Free on board FISIM : Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured GDP : Gross Domestic Product GNI : Gross National Income IHP : Indeks Harga Pengguna IHPR : Indeks Harga Pengeluar KDNK : Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar MSIC : Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification n.a : Not available NPIs : Non-Profit Institutions NPISHs : Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households PNK : Pendapatan Negara Kasar PNP : Private Non-Profit PPI : Producer Price Index RM : Ringgit Malaysia SUT 2005 : Supply and Use Tables 2005 UNSO : United Nations Statistical Office 1993 SNA : System of National Accounts SNA : System of National Accounts 2008 SIMBOL/ SYMBOLS.. : tidak berkenaan/ not applicable e : anggaran/ estimate p : permulaan/ preliminary NOTA/ NOTE Jumlah angka-angka komponen mungkin tidak bersamaan dengan angka jumlah kecil atau jumlah besar disebabkan pembulatan. The sum of the component figures may not tally with the sub-total or total figures due to rounding. viii

12 Muka surat Pages KANDUNGAN CONTENTS I iii iv viii Kata Pengantar Preface Malaysia : Data Penting Ekonomi Makro Malaysia : Macro Economic Key Data Kadar Pertumbuhan Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar (KDNK) Bagi Negara Terpilih Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth For Selected Countries Singkatan / Simbol Abbreviations / Symbols 1 Ringkasan Penemuan Summary Findings 9 SEKSYEN 1 Jadual Ringkasan SECTION 1 Summary Tables 10 1A KDNK Mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi Pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta GDP By Kind Of Economic Activity at Current Prices - RM Million 10 1B KDNK Mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi Pada Harga Semasa : Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP By Kind Of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change 10 1C KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP 11 1D KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar RM Juta GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million 11 1E KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change 11 1F KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP 12 2A KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - RM Million 12 2B KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change 12 2C KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP 13 2D KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar RM Juta GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million ix

13 Muka surat Pages KANDUNGAN CONTENTS 13 2E KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change 13 2F KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP 14 3 Data Penting Ekonomi Makro pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta. Macro Economic Key Data at Current Prices - RM Million 15 SEKSYEN 2 - Jadual Pengeluaran SECTION 2 - Production Tables 16 4 KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - RM Million 19 5 KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar RM Juta GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million 22 6 KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change 25 7 KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change 28 8 KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to Sector 31 9 KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to Sector KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Pendeflasi Harga Tersirat atas KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi - Tahun Asas 2005 = 100 Implicit Price Deflators on GDP by Kind of Economic Activity - Base Year 2005 = SEKSYEN 3 - Jadual Perbelanjaan SECTION 3 - Expenditure Tables KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - RM Million KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar RM Juta GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million x

14 Muka surat Pages KANDUNGAN CONTENTS KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan. GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to Sector KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to Sector KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Pendeflasi Harga Tersirat atas KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan - Tahun Asas 2005 = 100 Implicit Price Deflators on GDP by Type of Expenditure - Base Year 2005 = SEKSYEN 4 - Nota Teknikal SECTION 4 - Technical Notes 85 SEKSYEN 5 - Glosari SECTION 5 - Glossary xi

15 Muka surat ini sengaja dibiarkan kosong. This page is deliberately left blank. xii

16 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS

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18 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI Ekonomi Malaysia tumbuh pada 4.7 peratus (Carta 1) dengan semua sektor mencatatkan pertumbuhan positif. Sektor Perkhidmatan dan Pembuatan kekal sebagai penggerak utama dari segi penawaran. Penggunaan Akhir Swasta dengan sumbangan sebanyak 52.0 peratus kekal sebagai pemangkin utama dari segi permintaan. Sementara itu, sumbangan Pembentukan Modal Tetap Kasar (PMTK) berkembang kepada 27.7 peratus (Sumbangan 2012: 26.7 peratus) seperti yang digambarkan dalam Carta 2. Perincian bagi penawaran dan permintaan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1. Pada tahun 2013, KDNK pada harga semasa berjumlah RM986.7 bilion dan PNK per kapita meningkat kepada RM31,809 (2012: RM30,690). ECONOMIC GROWTH Malaysia s economy grew at 4.7 per cent (Chart 1) with all sectors registered a positive growth. The Services and Manufacturing sectors remained as the key engine in supply side. Private Final Consumption with a share of 52.0 per cent remained as the main catalyst in demand side. Meanwhile, the contribution of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) expanded to 27.7 per cent (Share 2012: 26.7 per cent) as depicted in Chart 2. The details on supply and demand are shown in Table 1. In 2013, the GDP in current terms amounted to RM986.7 billion and the GNI per capita rose to RM31,809 (2012: RM30,690). Carta 1/ Chart 1: KDNK dan Peratus Perubahan Tahunan GDP and Annual Percentage Change RM Bilion Billion 1, % Tahun Year Harga Semasa/ Current Prices Harga Malar/ Constant Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Semasa/ Annual Percentage Change at Current Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Malar/ Annual Percentage Change at Constant Prices 0-10 Carta 2/ Chart 2: Pembahagian Peratus pada Harga Malar 2005 Percentage Share at Constant 2005 Prices Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM787.6 bilion/ billion Kaedah Pengeluaran/ Production Approach Kaedah Perbelanjaan/ Expenditure Approach Pertanian/ Agriculture 7.1% Perlombongan & Pengkuarian/ Mining & Quarrying 8.1% Pembentukan Modal Tetap Kasar/ Gross Fixed Capital Formation 27.7% Eksport Bersih/ Net Exports 7.1% Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan/ Government Final Consumption 13.4% Pembuatan/ Manufacturing 24.5% Perkhidmatan/ Services 55.2% Nota: Tidak termasuk Duti Import Note: Excludes Import Duties Pembinaan/ Construction 3.8% Penggunaan Akhir Swasta/ Private Final Consumption 52.0% Nota: Tidak termasuk Perubahan Inventori, Barangan Berharga & Perbezaan Statistik Note: Exclude Changes in Inventories, Valuables & Statistical Discrepancy 1

19 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 Jadual 1/ Table 1: Peratus Perubahan Tahunan/ Annual Percentage Change KDNK Harga Malar/ GDP at Constant Prices KDNK Harga Malar/ GDP at Constant Prices Pengeluaran/ Production Perbelanjaan/ Expenditure Pertanian/ Agriculture Penggunaan Akhir Swasta/ Private Final Consumption Perlombongan & Pengkuarian/ Mining & Quarrying Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan/ Government Final Consumption Pembuatan/ Manufacturing Pembentukan Modal Tetap Kasar/ Pembinaan/ Construction Gross Fixed Capital Formation Perkhidmatan/ Services Eksport/ Exports Campur Duti Import/ Plus Import Duties Import/ Imports PERKHIDMATAN Sektor Perkhidmatan mencatatkan pertumbuhan 5.9 peratus pada tahun Pertumbuhan didorong oleh perkembangan kukuh 10.0 peratus dalam Komunikasi disokong oleh segmen komunikasi data. Perdagangan Borong & Runcit juga merangsang sektor Perkhidmatan dengan mencatatkan 6.4 peratus. Peningkatan dua digit 10.6 peratus dalam Perkhidmatan Profesional telah mempengaruhi Perkhidmatan Perniagaan untuk meningkat kepada 8.5 peratus. Walau bagaimanapun, Kewangan & Insurans dengan sumbangan 16.6 peratus kepada sektor Perkhidmatan tumbuh perlahan kepada 1.8 peratus seperti yang digambarkan dalam Carta 3. SERVICES Services sector registered a growth of 5.9 per cent in The growth was propelled by the vigorous expansion of 10.0 per cent in Communication buoyed by data communication. Wholesale & Retail Trade also spurred the Services sector by registering 6.4 per cent. The double-digit increase of 10.6 per cent in Professional Services has influenced Business Services to improve at 8.5 per cent. Nonetheless, Finance & Insurance with a share of 16.6 per cent to the Services sector eased to 1.8 per cent as depicted in Chart 3. Carta 3/ Chart 3: Perkhidmatan - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus pada Harga Malar 2005 Services - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share at Constant 2005 Prices % Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM434.5 bilion/ billion Perkhidmatan Kerajaan/ Government Services 15.0% Perdagangan Borong & Runcit/ Wholesale & Retail Trade 26.1% Kewangan & Insurans/ Finance & Insurance 16.6% Perkhidmatan/ Services Perdagangan Borong & Runcit/ Wholesale & Retail Trade Kewangan & Insurans/ Finance & Insurance Komunikasi/ Communication Perkhidmatan Perniagaan/ Business Services Tahun Year Utiliti & Perkhidmatanperkhidmatan Lain/ Utilities & Other Services 13.6% Hartanah & Perkhidmatan Perniagaan/ Real Estate & Business Services 10.3% Penginapan & Restoran/ Accommodation & Restaurants 4.5% Komunikasi, Pengangkutan & Penyimpanan/ Communication, Transport & Storage 14.0% 2

20 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 PEMBUATAN Sektor Pembuatan tumbuh pada 3.5 peratus, kadar yang lebih sederhana berbanding 4.8 peratus pada tahun 2012 (Carta 4). Walau bagaimanapun, tumpuan sektor ini pada tahun 2013 adalah pertumbuhan memberangsangkan 11.7 peratus (2012: 7.8 peratus) dalam produk Peralatan Pengangkutan & Pembuatan lain khususnya pembinaan kapal dan kenderaan bermotor. Berikutan pemulihan dalam permintaan luaran, produk Elektrik & Elektronik meningkat kepada 3.5 peratus (2012: 2.2 peratus). Prestasi perlahan dalam Produk Petroleum, Kimia, Getah & Plastik (2.0 peratus) dan Produk Mineral Bukan Logam, Logam Asas & produk Logam yang Direka (3.0 peratus) telah menjejaskan keseluruhan sektor Pembuatan. MANUFACTURING Manufacturing sector grew at 3.5 per cent, a more moderate rate than 4.8 per cent in 2012 (Chart 4). Nevertheless, the highlights for this sector in 2013 were the robust growth of 11.7 per cent (2012: 7.8 per cent) in Transport Equipment & Other Manufactures products precisely on shipbuilding and motor vehicles. Following the turnaround in external demand, the Electrical & Electronic products augmented to 3.5 per cent (2012: 2.2 per cent). The lacklustre performance in Petroleum, Chemical, Rubber & Plastic products (2.0 per cent) and Non-metallic Mineral Products, Basic Metal & Fabricated Metal products (3.0 per cent) has weighed down the overall Manufacturing sector. Carta 4/ Chart 4: Pembuatan - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus pada Harga Malar 2005 Manufacturing - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share at Constant 2005 Prices % 20 Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM193.2 bilion/ billion Tahun Year Produk Petroleum, Kimia, Getah & Plastik/ Petroleum, Chemical, Rubber & Plastic Products 29.4% Produk Mineral Bukan Logam, Logam Asas & Produk Logam Yang Direka/ Non-Metallic Mineral Products, Basic Metal & Fabricated Metal Products 13.3% Produk Elektrik & Elektronik/ Electrical & Electronic Products 24.5% Pembuatan/ Manufacturing Peralatan Pengangkutan dan Pembuatan Lain/ Transport Equipment and Other Manufactures Produk Elektrik dan Elektronik/ Electrical and Electronic Products Produk Petroleum, Kimia, Getah dan Plastik/ Petroleum, Chemical, Rubber and Plastic Products Produk Kayu, Perabot, Keluaran Kertas, Percetakan & Penerbitan/ Wood Products, Furniture, Paper Products, Printing & Publishing 5.9% Produk Tekstil, Pakaian & Kulit/ Textiles, Wearing Apparel & Leather Products 1.7% Makanan, Minuman & Tembakau/ Food, Beverages & Tobacco 10.6% Peralatan Pengangkutan & Pembuatan Lain/ Transport Equipment & Other Manufactures 14.5% PEMBINAAN Bagi dua tahun berturut-turut, sektor Pembinaan terus mencatatkan pertumbuhan dua digit 10.9 peratus pada tahun 2013 seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Carta 5. Momentum kukuh disokong oleh prestasi yang lebih baik bagi Kediaman (17.1 peratus) didorong oleh perkembangan pesat projek pembangunan kediaman. Pada masa yang sama, projek infrastruktur serta aktiviti minyak dan gas yang kukuh telah meningkatkan Kejuruteraan Awam (11.4 peratus). CONSTRUCTION For two consecutive years, the Construction sector continued a double-digit growth by registering 10.9 per cent in 2013 as presented in Chart 5. The strong momentum was bolstered by the impressive performance of Residential (17.1 per cent) induced by the booming of housing development projects. Similarly, the underlying strength in the infrastructure projects alongside with the oil and gas activities have fuelled the Civil Engineering (11.4 per cent). 3

21 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 Carta 5/ Chart 5: Pembinaan - Nilai Ditambah, Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus Construction - Value Added, Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share RM Bilion % Billion Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM29.6 bilion/ billion Bukan Kediaman/ Non- Residential 24.0% Pertukangan Khas/ Special Trade 17.4% Kejuruteraan Awam/ Civil Engineering 32.0% Harga Semasa/ Current Prices Harga Malar/ Constant Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Semasa/ Annual Percentage Change at Current Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Malar/ Annual Percentage Change at Constant Prices Kediaman/ Residential 26.6% PERTANIAN Sektor Pertanian meningkat kepada 2.1 peratus berbanding 1.3 peratus pada tahun 2012 (Carta 6). Pertumbuhan ini didorong oleh Pertanian Lain (8.2 peratus) terutamanya dalam sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan. Pertumbuhan kukuh bagi ayam & itik (10.3 peratus) dan lembu & kerbau (9.6 peratus) telah mendorong Ternakan untuk merekodkan pertumbuhan signifikan 9.4 peratus (2012: 8.1 peratus). Sementara itu, pemulihan Kelapa Sawit kepada 2.6 peratus (2012: -0.3 peratus) juga telah meningkatkan pertumbuhan sektor ini. Walau bagaimanapun, penyusutan pertumbuhan Perhutanan & Pembalakan (-7.8 peratus) dan Getah (-10.1 peratus) telah menyebabkan kemerosotan pertumbuhan sektor Pertanian pada tahun AGRICULTURE The Agriculture sector picked-up to 2.1 per cent against 1.3 per cent in 2012 (Chart 6). The growth was impelled by Other Agriculture (8.2 per cent) particularly in vegetables and fruits. Strong growth in poultry (10.3 per cent) and cattle (9.6 per cent) has boosted the Livestock to record a significant growth of 9.4 per cent (2012: 8.1 per cent). Meanwhile, the rebound of Oil Palm to 2.6 per cent (2012: -0.3 per cent) has also uplifted the growth in this sector. Nevertheless, the anaemic growth in Forestry & Logging (-7.8 per cent) and Rubber (-10.1 per cent) has dragged down the growth of Agriculture sector in Carta 6/ Chart 6: Pertanian - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus pada Harga Malar 2005 Agriculture - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share at Constant 2005 Prices % 12 Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM56.1 bilion/ billion Perhutanan & Pembalakan/ Forestry & Logging 10.1% Perikanan/ Fishing 14.7% Getah/ Rubber 7.0% Kelapa Sawit/ Oil Palm 36.6% Pertanian Lain/ Other Agriculture 19.2% Ternakan/ Livestock 12.4% Pertanian/ Agriculture Pertanian Lain/ Other Agriculture Ternakan/ Livestock Kelapa Sawit/ Oil Palm 4

22 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 PERLOMBONGAN DAN PENGKUARIAN MINING AND QUARRYING Sektor Perlombongan dan Pengkuarian mencatatkan pertumbuhan perlahan 0.7 peratus pada tahun 2013 seperti yang digambarkan dalam Carta 7. Pertumbuhan positif adalah disebabkan oleh pemulihan dalam Gas Asli (4.4 peratus). Walau bagaimanapun, Minyak Mentah dan Kondensat kekal rendah dengan mencatatkan pertumbuhan negatif 2.8 peratus. Mining and Quarrying sector posted a milder growth of 0.7 per cent for year 2013 as illustrated in Chart 7. The positive growth was reflected by a turnaround in Natural Gas (4.4 per cent). Nevertheless, Crude Oil and Condensate remain subdued by registering a negative growth of 2.8 per cent. Carta 7/ Chart 7: Perlombongan dan Pengkuarian - Nilai Ditambah dan Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Mining and Quarrying - Value Added and Annual Percentage Change RM Bilion Billion 125 % Tahun Year Harga Semasa/ Current Prices Harga Malar/ Constant Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Semasa/ Annual Percentage Change at Current Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Malar/ Annual Percentage Change at Constant Prices PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR SWASTA Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Swasta meningkat kepada 7.2 peratus pada tahun 2013 (2012: 8.2 peratus) seperti digambarkan dalam Carta 8. Sumbangan bagi perbelanjaan ke atas barangan dalam Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Swasta berkembang kepada 50.4 peratus (Sumbangan 2012: 50.1 peratus) dipacu oleh barangan tidak tahan lama (7.3 peratus) dan barangan tahan lama (8.4 peratus). Pada tahun 2013, sebahagian besar perbelanjaan pengguna ke atas perkhidmatan adalah komunikasi, restoran & hotel dan perumahan & utiliti. PRIVATE FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE Private Final Consumption Expenditure rose to 7.2 per cent in 2013 (2012: 8.2 per cent) as depicted in Chart 8. The share of expenditure on goods in Private Final Consumption Expenditure expanded to 50.4 per cent (Share 2012: 50.1 per cent) was driven by non-durable (7.3 per cent) and durable goods (8.4 per cent). In 2013, the consumer spending on services was largely in communication, restaurants & hotels and housing & utilities. 5

23 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 Carta 8/ Chart 8: Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Swasta - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus Private Final Consumption Expenditure - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM409.8 bilion/ billion % Restoran dan Hotel/ Restaurants and Hotels 9.3% Lain-lain/ Others 17.7% Pengangkutan & Komunikasi/ Transport & Communication 22.3% Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Semasa/ Annual Percentage Change at Current Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Malar/ Annual Percentage Change at Constant Prices Tahun Year Pelbagai Barangan & Perkhidmatan/ Miscellaneous Goods & Services 14.7% Perumahan, Air, Elektrik, Gas & Bahan Api Lain/ Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels 16.4% Makanan & Minuman Bukan Alkohol/ Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages 19.6% PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR KERAJAAN Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan meningkat kepada 6.3 peratus berbanding 5.0 peratus pada tahun 2012 (Carta 9). Pertumbuhan diterajui oleh perbelanjaan ke atas perkhidmatan awam am dan perkhidmatan ekonomi. GOVERNMENT FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE Government Final Consumption Expenditure augmented to 6.3 per cent as compared to 5.0 per cent in 2012 (Chart 9). The growth was spearheaded by expenditure on general public services and economic affairs. Carta 9/ Chart 9: Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus Government Final Consumption Expenditure - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM105.5 bilion/ billion % Perkhidmatan Ekonomi/ Economic Affairs 9.2% Pertahanan/ Defence 13.7% Ketenteraman & Keselamatan Awam/ Public Order & Safety 8.8% Lain-lain/ Others 4.6% Pendidikan/ Education 31.3% Tahun Year Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Semasa/ Annual Percentage Change at Current Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Malar/ Annual Percentage Change at Constant Prices Kesihatan/ Health 15.4% Perkhidmatan Awam Am/ General Public Services 16.9% 6

24 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 PEMBENTUKAN MODAL TETAP KASAR Pembentukan Modal Tetap Kasar (PMTK) telah mencapai nilai RM265.0 bilion pada harga semasa dan dipacu oleh sektor Swasta berjumlah RM160.5 bilion. Seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Carta 10, pertumbuhan 8.5 peratus dalam PMTK dirangsang oleh perbelanjaan ke atas Struktur dan Jentera & Peralatan. Bagi tahun 2013, sumbangan sektor Swasta berkembang kepada 60.4 peratus (Sumbangan 2012: 58.0 peratus) dengan pertumbuhan 13.1 peratus. Sementara itu, sektor Awam tumbuh sederhana kepada 2.2 peratus berbanding GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) has reached a value of RM265.0 billion in current terms and steered by Private sector amounted to RM160.5 billion. As shown in Chart 10, the growth of 8.5 per cent in GFCF was stimulated by the expenditure on Structure and Machinery & Equipment. For year 2013, the share of Private sector expanded to 60.4 per cent (Share 2012: 58.0 per cent) with a growth of 13.1 per cent. Meanwhile, the Public sector moderated to 2.2 per cent as compared to 14.6 per cent in peratus pada tahun Carta 10/ Chart 10: PMTK - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus pada Harga Malar 2005 GFCF - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share at Constant 2005 Prices % 30 Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM217.9 bilion/ billion % 80% 58.0% 60.4% % PMTK/ GFCF Awam/ Public Swasta/ Private % 20% Tahun Year 0% 42.0% 39.6% Awam/ Public Swasta/ Private EKSPORT DAN IMPORT EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Peningkatan dalam eksport Barangan dan Perkhidmatan telah menyumbang kepada pertumbuhan positif 0.6 peratus dalam Eksport. Eksport Perkhidmatan meningkat kepada 7.7 peratus (2012: 4.9 peratus) manakala Barangan merekodkan penguncupan sederhana 0.6 peratus (Sumbangan 2013: 84.3 peratus) seperti ditunjukkan dalam Carta 11. Sementara itu, Import mencatatkan pertumbuhan 2.0 peratus (Carta 12) dengan pengembangan dalam The improvement in exports of Merchandise and Services has attributed to the positive growth of 0.6 per cent in Exports. The exports of Services stepped up to 7.7 per cent (2012: 4.9 per cent) while the Merchandise recorded a milder contraction of 0.6 per cent (Share 2013: 84.3 per cent) as shown in Chart 11. Meanwhile, Imports posted a growth of 2.0 per cent (Chart 12) with an expansion in imports of Merchandise from 0.7 per cent to 1.2 per cent in import Barangan daripada 0.7 peratus kepada 1.2 peratus pada tahun

25 RINGKASAN PENEMUAN 2013 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 2013 RM Bilion Billion 1, Carta 11/ Chart 11: Eksport - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus Exports - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share % Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM705.3bilion/ billion Barangan/ Merchandise 84.3% Tahun Harga Semasa/ Current Prices Year Harga Malar/ Constant Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Semasa/ Annual Percentage Change at Current Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Malar/ Annual Percentage Change at Constant Prices Perkhidmatan/ Services 15.7% Carta 12/ Chart 12: Import - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan dan Pembahagian Peratus Imports - Annual Percentage Change and Percentage Share RM Bilion Billion % Nilai Malar/ Constant Value: RM649.4 bilion/ billion Barangan/ Merchandise 81.4% Tahun Year Harga Semasa/ Current Prices Harga Malar/ Constant Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Semasa/ Annual Percentage Change at Current Prices Peratus Perubahan Tahunan pada Harga Malar/ Annual Percentage Change at Constant Prices Perkhidmatan/ Services 18.6% SEMAKAN KDNK tahunan bagi tahun 2011 telah disemak semula termasuk data daripada penyiasatan tahun 2012 (tahun rujukan 2011) dan laporan tahunan; Penyiasatan Antara Banci Perdagangan Edaran dan Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Maklumat dan Komunikasi. Bagi tahun 2012, data daripada Banci Petroleum dan Gas Asli; akaun tahunan bagi subsektor Utiliti dan Kewangan & Insurans; statistik tahunan bagi penternakan, perikanan, perhutanan, pertanian lain; Penyiasatan Industri Pembinaan; dan statistik Imbangan Pembayaran juga telah dimasukkan. Anggaran tahunan bagi tahun 2013 kekal sebagai jumlah empat suku tahunan kecuali perkhidmatan/ penggunaan kerajaan. Semua anggaran KDNK suku tahunan telah diselaraskan kepada angka tahunan yang telah disemak semula. REVISIONS The annual GDP for year 2011 has been revised to include data from the surveys of 2012 (reference year 2011) and annual reports; Intercensal Survey of Distributive Trade and Survey of Information and Communication Services. For 2012, data from the Census of Petroleum and Natural Gas; annual accounts for Utilities and Finance & Insurance sub-sectors; annual statistics on livestock, fisheries, forestry, other agriculture; Survey of Construction Industries; and Balance of Payments statistics have also been incorporated. The annual estimates for year 2013 remained as the sum of four quarters with the exception of government services/ consumption. All quarterly GDP estimates have been realigned to the revised annual figures. 8

26 SEKSYEN 1: JADUAL RINGKASAN SECTION 1: SUMMARY TABLES

27

28 Jadual Ringkasan Summary Tables

29 Jadual 1A: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 1A: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - RM Million Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Pembinaan Perkhidmatan campur Duti import Manufacturing Construction Services plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices ,912 72, ,754 16, ,322 6, , ,383 81, ,510 16, ,022 5, , ,446 88, ,804 18, ,050 5, , , , ,105 21, ,233 7, , ,719 81, ,661 23, ,984 6, , ,614 86, ,533 27, ,768 7, , ,302 92, ,125 29, ,148 8, , e 94,589 97, ,221 36, ,950 10, , p 91,819 99, ,988 41, ,875 10, ,733 Jadual 1B: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 1B: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Pembinaan Perkhidmatan campur Duti import Manufacturing Construction Services plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices e p Jadual 1C: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 1C: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Pembinaan Perkhidmatan campur Duti import Manufacturing Construction Services plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices e p

30 Jadual 1D: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar RM Juta Table 1D: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Pembinaan Perkhidmatan campur Duti import Manufacturing Construction Services plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices ,912 72, ,754 16, ,322 6, , ,533 71, ,880 16, ,555 5, , ,188 72, ,879 17, ,933 5, , ,036 70, ,148 18, ,712 7, , ,063 66, ,150 19, ,027 6, , ,263 66, ,261 21, ,829 7, , ,250 62, ,237 22, ,550 8, , e 54,963 63, ,748 26, ,339 10, , p 56,095 63, ,237 29, ,460 10, ,611 Jadual 1E: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 1E: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Pembinaan Perkhidmatan campur Duti import Manufacturing Construction Services plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices e p Jadual 1F: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 1F: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Pembuatan Pembinaan Perkhidmatan campur Duti import Manufacturing Construction Services plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices e p

31 Jadual 2A: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 2A: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - RM Million Jenis perbelanjaan Type of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Imbangan barangan dan perkhidmatan Balance of goods and services Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices ,188 62, , , , ,584 66, ,024 4, , , ,418 76, ,064 6, , , ,215 88, ,381 6, , , ,168 93, ,660-29, , , ,791 97, ,793 5, , , , , ,415 8, , , e 461, , ,562 2, , , p 504, , ,013-7,566 91, ,733 Jadual 2B: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 2B: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis perbelanjaan Type of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Imbangan barangan dan perkhidmatan Balance of goods and services Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices e p Jadual 2C: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 2C: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis perbelanjaan Type of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Imbangan barangan dan perkhidmatan Balance of goods and services Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices e p * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 12

32 Jadual 2D: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar RM Juta Table 2D: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million Jenis perbelanjaan Type of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Imbangan barangan dan perkhidmatan Balance of goods and services Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices ,188 62, , , , ,065 65, ,832 3, , , ,807 70, ,178 1, , , ,467 74, ,525 1, , , ,169 78, ,584-8, , , ,385 81, ,397 8,129 98, , ,293 94, ,393 3,172 92, , e 382,384 99, ,773 5,629 63, , p 409, , ,879-1,452 55, ,611 Jadual 2E: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 2E: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis perbelanjaan Type of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Imbangan barangan dan perkhidmatan Balance of goods and services Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices e p Jadual 2F: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 2F: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis perbelanjaan Type of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Imbangan barangan dan perkhidmatan Balance of goods and services Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices e p * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 13

33 Jadual 3: Data Penting Ekonomi Makro pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 3: Macro Economic Key Data at Current Prices - RM Million Jenis perbelanjaan Type of expenditure e 2013 p a. Nilai (RM Juta) a. Value (RM Million) 1. Pendapatan primer bersih dari luar negeri Net primary income from abroad -23,943-17,294-13,985-23,033-14,214-26,333-21,806-36,050-34, Pendapatan negara kasar (PNK) Gross national income (GNI) 519, , , , , , , , , Penduduk ('000) Population ('000) 26,046 26,550 27,058 27,568 28,082 28,589 29,062 29,518 29, Pendapatan negara kasar (PNK) per kapita (RM) Gross national income (GNI) per capita (RM) 19,951 21,826 24,072 27,094 24,879 26,969 29,713 30,690 31, Pendapatan sekunder bersih dari luar negeri Net secondary income from abroad -16,971-16,739-16,035-17,490-19,587-21,790-21,061-18,469-17, Pendapatan boleh guna negara kasar (PBNK) Gross national disposable income (GNDI) 502, , , , , , , , , Tabungan dalam negeri kasar Gross domestic savings 241, , , , , , , , , Tabungan negara kasar Gross national savings 200, , , , , , , , , Jurang tabungan-pelaburan Savings-investment gap 78,366 96, , , ,727 87, ,426 54,460 39,907 b. Peratus perubahan tahunan b. Annual percentage change 1. Pendapatan negara kasar (PNK) Gross national income (GNI) Penduduk ('000) Population ('000) Pendapatan negara kasar (PNK) per kapita (RM) Gross national income (GNI) per capita (RM) Pendapatan boleh guna negara kasar (PBNK) Gross national disposable income (GNDI) Tabungan dalam negeri kasar Gross domestic savings Tabungan negara kasar Gross national savings c. Pembahagian peratus kepada KDNK c. Percentage share to GDP 1. Pendapatan negara kasar (PNK) Gross national income (GNI) Pendapatan boleh guna negara kasar (PBNK) Gross national disposable income (GNDI) Tabungan dalam negeri kasar Gross domestic savings Tabungan negara kasar Gross national savings Tabungan negara kasar (% dari PNK) Gross national savings (% of GNI )

34 SEKSYEN 2: JADUAL PENGELUARAN KDNK MENGIKUT JENIS AKTIVITI EKONOMI PADA HARGA SEMASA KDNK MENGIKUT JENIS AKTIVITI EKONOMI PADA HARGA MALAR 2005 SECTION 2: PRODUCTION TABLES GDP BY KIND OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CURRENT PRICES GDP BY KIND OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CONSTANT 2005 PRICES

35

36 Jadual Pengeluaran Production Tables

37 Jadual 4: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 4: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - RM Million Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock 44,912 51,383 66,446 76,753 65,719 82, ,302 94,589 91,819 5,445 8,701 8,653 9,109 4,923 9,741 12,779 8,506 6,048 15,836 17,643 30,193 36,963 28,658 37,365 50,624 42,700 38,490 3,679 3,580 3,987 5,339 5,884 6,810 9,002 9,205 10, Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry 2,131 1,976 2,145 3,026 3,352 4,015 5,665 5,842 6, Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle , , Ternakan lain Other livestocks 1,127 1,143 1,334 1,644 1,738 1,913 2,305 2,426 3,004 Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy 6,534 6,854 8,150 8,934 9,691 11,307 13,051 13,800 16,565 1,043 1,049 1,180 1,290 1,442 1,528 1,524 1,451 1, Sayur-sayuran Vegetables 2,179 2,539 2,988 3,474 3,568 4,197 4,945 5,515 7, Buah-buahan Fruits 1,372 1,309 1,671 1,893 2,012 2,444 2,595 2,630 2, Tanaman makanan Food crops 1,504 1,607 1,901 1,825 2,055 2,557 3,304 3,631 3, Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing 7,947 8,466 9,049 9,029 8,742 8,521 9,335 9,675 8,568 5,472 6,139 6,414 7,379 7,821 8,871 9,510 10,704 11, Perikanan laut Marine fisheries 4,079 4,522 4,549 4,836 5,009 5,730 6,155 6,674 7, Akuakultur Aquaculture 1,392 1,617 1,865 2,543 2,812 3,141 3,355 4,030 4,241 Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p 72,111 81,759 88, ,170 81,342 86,628 92,406 97,431 99,007 43,204 48,842 52,828 67,814 41,497 45,099 50,175 51,533 50,294 28,326 32,318 34,847 51,654 39,090 40,614 41,202 44,677 47, ,029 1,221 1,378 16,107 16,451 18,739 21,156 23,187 27,112 29,648 36,571 41,280 4,308 3,988 4,542 5,077 5,415 5,712 6,839 8,719 10,401 3,218 3,320 3,927 4,813 5,333 7,449 7,955 9,209 9,894 5,711 6,343 6,735 7,441 7,932 8,998 9,577 12,702 14,434 2,869 2,800 3,535 3,825 4,508 4,953 5,276 5,942 6, , , , , , , , , ,988 4,794 5,161 7,202 9,124 8,045 9,156 11,906 10,626 10,732 4,629 5,110 5,894 7,172 7,636 8,215 9,214 10,435 10,891 2,627 2,497 2,586 2,567 2,957 3,816 4,236 4,104 4,053 2,090 2,374 2,558 2,884 3,323 3,389 3,630 3,946 3,730 3,288 3,328 3,151 3,141 2,834 2,984 3,340 3,018 3, ,344 5,017 4,973 4,328 4,059 4,696 4,935 5,235 5,272 1,703 1,821 2,296 2,409 2,590 2,947 3,177 3,338 3,258 2,336 2,752 3,119 3,306 2,174 2,243 2,411 2,451 2,501 16

38 Jadual 4: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 4: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - RM Million 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p 16,391 18,310 20,688 28,561 23,946 27,939 33,861 37,313 36,577 15,148 17,594 18,325 20,014 17,756 21,177 25,224 27,244 27,568 3,971 4,244 4,027 4,247 4,206 5,734 6,940 7,021 7,130 4,609 5,070 5,063 5,624 5,535 5,720 7,070 7,966 9,285 4,016 4,313 4,784 5,759 6,045 7,135 8,715 9,203 8,617 4,142 4,748 6,078 7,235 5,618 6,918 7,233 6,714 6,952 5,330 6,342 8,056 9,301 8,519 9,499 12,054 13,900 15,354 4,016 4,480 4,663 4,865 4,638 5,386 5,973 6,346 6,455 10,691 12,095 12,035 10,321 7,330 5,863 4,081 3,887 3,930 3,392 3,807 4,780 3,868 2,999 3,880 4,379 4,658 4,660 29,959 32,858 31,736 30,149 26,327 32,195 30,679 32,281 34,310 2,704 2,922 2,997 3,047 3,865 3,720 3,431 3,501 3,846 16,060 15,798 14,649 16,760 15,227 18,655 18,094 20,147 22,869 2,318 2,476 2,709 2,729 2,389 2,515 2,594 2,891 2, ,115 1,229 1,419 1,378 1,489 1,637 1,667 1, , , , , , , , , ,875 14,076 14,878 15,840 16,855 17,852 19,115 20,383 22,040 23, Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas 11,677 12,372 13,139 13,941 14,769 15,809 16,815 18,294 19, Air Water 2,399 2,506 2,701 2,914 3,083 3,306 3,567 3,746 3,929 Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade 62,905 68,387 80,017 96,550 96, , , , , Borong Wholesale 28,886 32,471 37,114 44,240 42,360 47,163 55,787 58,977 62, Runcit Retail 21,843 25,944 32,481 39,497 41,014 45,706 50,377 54,284 60, Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles 12,177 9,973 10,421 12,813 12,659 13,765 14,187 15,087 15,687 Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation 11,737 13,141 15,336 17,647 19,231 21,438 23,493 25,435 27, Restoran Restaurants 7,811 8,842 10,568 12,525 14,071 16,051 17,841 19,511 21, Penginapan Accommodation 3,926 4,299 4,768 5,122 5,159 5,387 5,653 5,924 6,232 Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage 19,435 20,901 23,402 25,474 24,569 26,537 28,343 30,160 31, Pengangkutan darat Land transport 4,106 4,558 5,006 5,533 5,289 5,849 6,222 6,611 7, Pengangkutan air Water transport 4,321 4,274 4,690 5,136 4,716 4,860 5,151 5,324 5, Pengangkutan udara Air transport 3,406 3,512 3,789 3,965 3,870 4,016 4,171 4,327 4, Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation 2,336 2,639 3,013 3,200 3,058 3,424 3,749 4,115 4, Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation 2,209 2,409 2,650 2,858 3,043 3,317 3,628 3,953 4, Lain-lain Others 3,057 3,509 4,253 4,781 4,593 5,072 5,422 5,829 6,279 17

39 Jadual 4: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 4: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - RM Million Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p 16,999 18,389 19,607 21,008 22,332 24,820 27,158 29,790 32, Pos dan kurier Post and courier ,090 1,212 1,229 1, Telekomunikasi Telecommunication 16,022 17,449 18,626 20,087 21,372 23,730 25,946 28,560 31,417 Kewangan Finance 30,141 34,012 38,624 42,565 44,533 47,973 49,314 52,619 54, Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation 27,842 31,559 35,874 39,741 41,545 44,908 45,939 48,783 50, Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance 2,299 2,453 2,750 2,825 2,988 3,065 3,375 3,837 4,035 10,590 10,979 11,134 12,710 12,928 13,751 15,133 17,784 18, Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding 10,334 10,690 10,808 12,391 12,579 13,372 14,721 17,349 17, Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services 8,071 8,684 9,619 10,398 10,710 11,465 12,030 12,768 13,568 17,214 18,846 21,449 24,292 26,087 28,713 31,072 34,168 37, Profesional Professional 5,096 5,423 6,163 6,897 7,332 8,188 8,886 10,057 11, Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services 3,316 4,139 5,260 6,413 7,691 8,563 9,209 9,795 10, Lain-lain Others 8,802 9,285 10,025 10,983 11,063 11,962 12,978 14,316 15,836 Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services 13,828 14,229 14,673 15,245 15,792 16,340 17,119 17,628 18,500 12,641 13,460 15,007 16,626 18,086 19,580 21,219 22,756 24, Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services 3,587 3,858 4,431 4,920 5,416 5,918 6,409 6,958 7, Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services 2,925 3,262 3,881 4,597 5,183 5,687 6,211 6,764 7, Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services 6,130 6,339 6,694 7,109 7,487 7,976 8,599 9,034 9,681 Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services 35,656 40,045 46,210 54,675 56,588 60,119 68,192 80,038 84, Perkhidmatan awam am General public services 4,360 4,759 5,312 6,441 6,575 7,234 8,052 8,926 11, Pertahanan Defence 3,241 3,688 4,395 5,459 5,600 5,732 6,552 7,685 8, Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety 3,568 3,932 4,753 5,793 5,942 6,603 7,764 9,238 9, Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 3,518 3,654 3,752 4,167 4,298 4,830 5,307 5,782 6, Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities ,017 1, Kesihatan Health 4,230 4,623 5,750 6,836 7,165 8,020 8,751 10,964 11, Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion ,224 1, Pendidikan Education 15,183 17,644 20,292 23,669 24,613 25,140 29,024 34,217 34, Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties ,046 1,095 1,152 1,188 1,238 1,311 1,381 6,372 5,659 5,969 7,531 6,964 7,672 8,711 10,186 10,763 KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices 543, , , , , , , , ,733 18

40 Jadual 5: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar RM Juta Table 5: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock 44,912 47,533 48,188 50,036 50,063 51,263 54,250 54,963 56,095 5,445 6,089 5,792 5,179 4,150 4,496 4,765 4,391 3,947 15,836 16,736 16,920 18,737 18,692 18,111 20,069 20,014 20,535 3,679 3,890 4,214 4,513 4,839 5,333 5,876 6,350 6, Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry 2,131 2,249 2,455 2,622 2,849 3,211 3,571 3,959 4, Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks 1,127 1,186 1,258 1,304 1,348 1,426 1,537 1,640 1,755 Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy 6,534 6,698 6,995 7,369 8,072 8,736 9,312 9,938 10,751 1, ,073 1,069 1,117 1,119 1,201 1,220 1, Sayur-sayuran Vegetables 2,179 2,278 2,507 2,770 3,034 3,583 3,927 4,303 4, Buah-buahan Fruits 1,372 1,425 1,483 1,635 1,805 1,928 2,065 2,198 2, Tanaman makanan Food crops 1,504 1,643 1,548 1,485 1,624 1,644 1,669 1,798 1, Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing 7,947 7,898 7,926 7,526 7,140 6,923 6,452 6,158 5,681 5,472 6,222 6,341 6,712 7,169 7,664 7,776 8,111 8, Perikanan laut Marine fisheries 4,079 4,647 4,729 4,510 4,652 4,885 5,006 5,163 5, Akuakultur Aquaculture 1,392 1,575 1,612 2,202 2,517 2,779 2,770 2,948 2,957 Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p 72,111 71,276 72,758 70,996 66,386 66,182 62,607 63,243 63,680 43,204 42,741 43,767 41,916 38,699 36,695 32,795 33,539 32,615 28,326 27,947 28,349 28,428 26,995 28,696 28,951 28,707 29, ,106 16,107 16,022 17,391 18,151 19,270 21,459 22,464 26,640 29,554 4,308 4,269 4,559 4,715 4,866 4,951 5,540 6,719 7,867 3,218 3,236 3,593 4,046 4,368 5,875 6,028 6,728 7,100 5,711 5,686 5,871 5,942 6,171 6,562 6,617 8,480 9,450 2,869 2,830 3,368 3,449 3,864 4,070 4,278 4,713 5, , , , , , , , , ,237 4,794 4,969 4,824 5,371 5,439 5,296 5,890 5,724 6,033 4,629 4,989 5,405 5,872 6,262 6,492 6,824 7,625 7,837 2,627 2,477 2,482 2,417 2,763 3,647 3,958 3,856 3,816 2,090 2,331 2,438 2,645 2,858 2,835 3,020 3,234 2,835 3,288 3,313 3,058 3,050 2,762 2,868 3,170 2,898 2, ,344 4,527 4,582 4,029 3,775 4,230 4,021 4,070 4,166 1,703 1,806 2,127 2,052 2,291 2,390 2,506 2,648 2,629 2,336 2,713 3,076 3,170 2,009 2,041 2,189 2,230 2,272 19

41 Jadual 5: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar RM Juta Table 5: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p 16,391 17,771 20,054 20,242 19,470 20,379 21,697 22,505 21,738 15,148 17,137 17,391 17,404 16,681 19,051 20,024 21,322 21,521 3,971 3,889 3,667 3,692 3,633 4,120 4,559 4,670 5,110 4,609 4,823 4,690 5,147 5,117 5,361 6,534 7,303 8,522 4,016 4,275 4,669 5,287 5,282 6,374 7,845 8,217 7,534 4,142 4,587 5,525 5,955 4,729 5,534 5,614 5,329 5,545 5,330 6,298 7,425 7,343 7,088 7,720 9,723 11,430 12,650 4,016 4,404 4,538 4,629 4,419 5,119 5,680 5,841 5,820 10,691 12,035 12,023 10,659 7,518 6,084 4,445 4,138 4,127 3,392 3,717 4,664 3,756 2,894 3,840 4,170 4,313 4,299 29,959 32,455 31,307 29,958 24,762 30,930 30,489 31,490 33,151 2,704 2,885 2,925 3,052 3,621 3,578 3,649 3,625 3,978 16,060 15,807 15,150 17,472 15,288 18,711 18,423 20,287 22,758 2,318 2,306 2,505 2,437 2,051 2,202 2,256 2,448 2, ,089 1,149 1,244 1,188 1,207 1,244 1,223 1, , , , , , , , , ,460 14,076 14,728 15,415 15,930 16,246 17,496 18,133 18,918 19, Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas 11,677 12,263 12,825 13,140 13,324 14,370 14,872 15,523 16, Air Water 2,399 2,465 2,590 2,790 2,921 3,126 3,262 3,395 3,517 Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade 62,905 67,184 77,651 86,573 88,012 95, , , , Borong Wholesale 28,886 31,222 35,262 38,168 37,931 40,529 44,139 45,586 48, Runcit Retail 21,843 25,669 31,739 35,706 37,827 41,451 44,234 46,866 50, Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles 12,177 10,292 10,650 12,699 12,254 13,301 13,582 14,193 14,594 Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation 11,737 12,424 13,754 14,771 15,432 16,515 17,510 18,462 19, Restoran Restaurants 7,811 8,278 9,308 10,225 10,933 11,907 12,732 13,545 14, Penginapan Accommodation 3,926 4,145 4,447 4,546 4,499 4,609 4,778 4,917 5,061 Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage 19,435 20,465 22,460 23,805 23,094 24,736 26,069 27,355 28, Pengangkutan darat Land transport 4,106 4,472 4,744 5,081 4,803 5,201 5,469 5,771 6, Pengangkutan air Water transport 4,321 4,246 4,718 5,008 4,716 4,869 5,121 5,252 5, Pengangkutan udara Air transport 3,406 3,347 3,600 3,694 3,687 3,837 3,885 3,918 4, Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation 2,336 2,628 2,891 3,037 2,920 3,236 3,483 3,768 3, Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation 2,209 2,358 2,572 2,774 2,946 3,206 3,497 3,770 4, Lain-lain Others 3,057 3,414 3,935 4,211 4,022 4,387 4,614 4,874 5,146 20

42 Jadual 5: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar RM Juta Table 5: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p 16,999 18,325 19,527 21,080 22,389 24,550 26,582 29,097 32, Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication 16,022 17,387 18,539 20,154 21,440 23,659 25,800 28,313 31,198 Kewangan Finance 30,141 33,383 38,556 41,967 44,286 48,269 51,298 54,149 55, Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation 27,842 30,976 35,873 39,244 41,310 45,228 47,959 50,369 51, Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance 2,299 2,407 2,683 2,724 2,976 3,041 3,339 3,780 3,891 10,590 10,878 10,969 12,353 12,441 13,099 14,259 16,579 16, Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding 10,334 10,589 10,641 12,028 12,097 12,729 13,854 16,155 16, Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services 8,071 8,676 9,431 10,044 10,154 10,707 11,101 11,606 12,152 17,214 18,408 20,717 22,793 23,862 25,895 27,553 29,841 32, Profesional Professional 5,096 5,373 6,029 6,684 6,966 7,665 8,223 9,179 10, Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services 3,316 3,914 4,847 5,587 6,584 7,296 7,761 8,148 8, Lain-lain Others 8,802 9,121 9,841 10,522 10,312 10,934 11,570 12,514 13,635 Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services 13,828 13,983 14,268 14,730 15,100 15,487 15,990 16,300 17,019 12,641 13,242 14,620 15,929 16,748 17,791 19,038 20,128 21, Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services 3,587 3,718 4,190 4,489 4,721 4,977 5,227 5,519 5, Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services 2,925 3,220 3,784 4,476 4,864 5,200 5,591 6,021 6, Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services 6,130 6,304 6,647 6,963 7,162 7,614 8,220 8,588 9,083 Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services 35,656 39,806 41,494 44,633 46,145 48,868 54,912 60,100 65, Perkhidmatan awam am General public services 4,360 4,724 4,769 5,246 5,350 5,880 6,468 6,680 8, Pertahanan Defence 3,241 3,716 4,000 4,543 4,656 4,660 5,348 5,879 6, Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety 3,568 3,903 4,256 4,719 4,835 5,367 6,236 6,914 7, Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 3,518 3,627 3,383 3,394 3,498 3,926 4,299 4,364 4, Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health 4,230 4,589 5,166 5,569 5,830 6,519 7,043 8,266 8, Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion , Pendidikan Education 15,183 17,514 18,167 19,279 20,028 20,435 23,312 25,581 26, Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties ,018 1,030 1,045 1,056 1,066 1,076 6,372 5,671 5,937 7,523 6,989 7,660 8,653 10,001 10,586 KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices 543, , , , , , , , ,611 21

43 Jadual 6: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 6: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy Sayur-sayuran Vegetables Buah-buahan Fruits Tanaman makanan Food crops Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing Perikanan laut Marine fisheries Akuakultur Aquaculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p

44 Jadual 6: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 6: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas Air Water Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade Borong Wholesale Runcit Retail Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation Restoran Restaurants Penginapan Accommodation Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage Pengangkutan darat Land transport Pengangkutan air Water transport Pengangkutan udara Air transport Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation Lain-lain Others

45 Jadual 6: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 6: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication Kewangan Finance Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services Profesional Professional Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services Lain-lain Others Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices

46 Jadual 7: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 7: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy Sayur-sayuran Vegetables Buah-buahan Fruits Tanaman makanan Food crops Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing Perikanan laut Marine fisheries Akuakultur Aquaculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p

47 Jadual 7: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 7: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas Air Water Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade Borong Wholesale Runcit Retail Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation Restoran Restaurants Penginapan Accommodation Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage Pengangkutan darat Land transport Pengangkutan air Water transport Pengangkutan udara Air transport Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation Lain-lain Others

48 Jadual 7: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 7: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication Kewangan Finance Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services Profesional Professional Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services Lain-lain Others Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices

49 Jadual 8: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 8: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy Sayur-sayuran Vegetables Buah-buahan Fruits Tanaman makanan Food crops Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing Perikanan laut Marine fisheries Akuakultur Aquaculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p

50 Jadual 8: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 8: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to Sector 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas Air Water Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade Borong Wholesale Runcit Retail Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation Restoran Restaurants Penginapan Accommodation Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage Pengangkutan darat Land transport Pengangkutan air Water transport Pengangkutan udara Air transport Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation Lain-lain Others

51 Jadual 8: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 8: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication Kewangan Finance Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services Profesional Professional Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services Lain-lain Others Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties

52 Jadual 9: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 9: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy Sayur-sayuran Vegetables Buah-buahan Fruits Tanaman makanan Food crops Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing Perikanan laut Marine fisheries Akuakultur Aquaculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p

53 Jadual 9: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 9: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to Sector 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas Air Water Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade Borong Wholesale Runcit Retail Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation Restoran Restaurants Penginapan Accommodation Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage Pengangkutan darat Land transport Pengangkutan air Water transport Pengangkutan udara Air transport Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation Lain-lain Others

54 Jadual 9: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 9: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication Kewangan Finance Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services Profesional Professional Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services Lain-lain Others Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties

55 Jadual 10: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 10: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy Sayur-sayuran Vegetables Buah-buahan Fruits Tanaman makanan Food crops Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing Perikanan laut Marine fisheries Akuakultur Aquaculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p

56 Jadual 10: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 10: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas Air Water Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade Borong Wholesale Runcit Retail Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation Restoran Restaurants Penginapan Accommodation Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage Pengangkutan darat Land transport Pengangkutan air Water transport Pengangkutan udara Air transport Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation Lain-lain Others

57 Jadual 10: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 10: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication Kewangan Finance Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services Profesional Professional Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services Lain-lain Others Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices

58 Jadual 11: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 11: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy Sayur-sayuran Vegetables Buah-buahan Fruits Tanaman makanan Food crops Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing Perikanan laut Marine fisheries Akuakultur Aquaculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p

59 Jadual 11: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 11: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP 5. Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas Air Water Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade Borong Wholesale Runcit Retail Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation Restoran Restaurants Penginapan Accommodation Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage Pengangkutan darat Land transport Pengangkutan air Water transport Pengangkutan udara Air transport Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation Lain-lain Others

60 Jadual 11: KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 11: GDP by Kind of Economic Activity at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication Kewangan Finance Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services Profesional Professional Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services Lain-lain Others Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices

61 Jadual 12: Pendeflasi Harga Tersirat atas KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi - Tahun Asas 2005=100 Table 12: Implicit Price Deflators on GDP by Kind of Economic Activity - Base Year 2005= Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Pertanian Agriculture Getah Rubber Kelapa sawit Oil palm Ternakan Livestock Ternakan ayam dan itik Poultry Lembu/ Kerbau Cattle Ternakan lain Other livestocks Pertanian lain Other agriculture Padi Paddy Sayur-sayuran Vegetables Buah-buahan Fruits Tanaman makanan Food crops Lain-lain Others Perhutanan dan pembalakan Forestry and logging Perikanan Fishing Perikanan laut Marine fisheries Akuakultur Aquaculture Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying Minyak mentah dan kondensat Crude oil and condensate Gas asli Natural gas Perlombongan lain dan pengkuarian Other mining and quarrying Pembinaan Construction Bangunan kediaman Residential buildings Bangunan bukan kediaman Non-residential buildings Kejuruteraan awam Civil engineering Pertukangan khas Special trade Pembuatan Manufacturing Minyak dan lemak daripada sayuran dan haiwan Vegetable and animal oils and fats Prosesan makanan Food processing Minuman Beverages Produk tembakau Tobacco products Tekstil dan pakaian Textiles and wearing apparel Kulit dan kasut Leather and footwear Keluaran kayu Wood products Kertas dan produk kertas Paper and paper products Penerbitan, percetakan dan pengeluaran semula media rakaman Publishing, printing and reproduction of recorded media e 2013 p

62 Jadual 12: Pendeflasi Harga Tersirat atas KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi - Tahun Asas 2005=100 Table 12: Implicit Price Deflators on GDP by Kind of Economic Activity - Base Year 2005= Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Produk petroleum bertapis Refined petroleum products Bahan kimia dan produk kimia Chemicals and chemical products Produk getah Rubber products Produk plastik Plastics products Produk mineral bukan logam Non-metallic mineral products Logam asas Basic metals Produk logam yang direka Fabricated metal products Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Pembuatan mesin pejabat, perakaunan dan pengkomputeran Manufacture of office, accounting and computing machinery Jentera elektrik dan perkakasan Electrical machinery and apparatus Pembuatan radio, televisyen dan peralatan komunikasi dan perkakasan Manufacture of radio, television and communication equipment and apparatus Pembuatan peralatan perubatan, ketepatan dan optik, jam tangan dan jam Manufacture of medical, precision and optical instruments, watches and clocks Kenderaan bermotor dan peralatan pengangkutan Motor vehicles and transport equipment Perabot Furniture Pembuatan lain Other manufactures Perkhidmatan Services Utiliti Utilities e 2013 p Elektrik dan gas Electricity and gas Air Water Perdagangan borong dan runcit Wholesale and retail trade Borong Wholesale Runcit Retail Kenderaan bermotor Motor vehicles Restoran dan penginapan Restaurants and accommodation Restoran Restaurants Penginapan Accommodation Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transport and storage Pengangkutan darat Land transport Pengangkutan air Water transport Pengangkutan udara Air transport Pelabuhan dan operasi lapangan terbang Port and airport operation Operasi lebuhraya Highway operation Lain-lain Others

63 Jadual 12: Pendeflasi Harga Tersirat atas KDNK mengikut Jenis Aktiviti Ekonomi - Tahun Asas 2005=100 Table 12: Implicit Price Deflators on GDP by Kind of Economic Activity - Base Year 2005=100 Jenis aktiviti ekonomi Kind of economic activity Komunikasi Communication e 2013 p Pos dan kurier Post and courier Telekomunikasi Telecommunication Kewangan Finance Pengantara kewangan Financial intermediation Lain-lain pengantara kewangan dan aktiviti sokongan kewangan Other financial intermediation and activities auxiliary to finance Insurans Insurance Insurans dan tabung pencen Insurance and pension funding Aktiviti sokongan insurans Activities auxiliary to insurance Hartanah Real estate Perkhidmatan perniagaan Business services Profesional Professional Perkhidmatan komputer Computer services Lain-lain Others Kediaman yang didiami oleh pemilik Owner occupied dwellings Perkhidmatan kemasyarakatan, sosial dan persendirian Community, social and personal services Perkhidmatan kesihatan swasta Private health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan swasta Private education services Perkhidmatan swasta lain Other private services Perkhidmatan kerajaan Government services Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Non-profit institution serving households Perkhidmatan domestik bagi isi rumah Domestic services of households campur Duti import plus Import duties KDNK pada harga pembeli GDP at purchasers' prices

64 SEKSYEN 3: JADUAL PERBELANJAAN KDNK MENGIKUT JENIS PERBELANJAAN PADA HARGA SEMASA KDNK MENGIKUT JENIS PERBELANJAAN PADA HARGA MALAR 2005 SECTION 3: EXPENDITURE TABLES GDP BY TYPE OF EXPENDITURE AT CURRENT PRICES GDP BY TYPE OF EXPENDITURE AT CONSTANT 2005 PRICES

65

66 Jadual Perbelanjaan Expenditure Tables

67 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Jadual 13: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 13: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - RM Million 240, , , , , , , , ,045 55,682 60,479 67,464 75,323 79,353 84,573 92,599 99, ,200 4,842 5,280 5,943 6,757 7,132 7,837 8,151 8,762 9,516 7,084 8,328 10,005 10,791 10,267 11,367 12,707 13,905 15,302 44,257 47,596 52,110 57,973 60,260 63,754 68,529 73,431 79,747 13,099 15,699 19,208 21,801 21,037 23,063 24,999 27,660 30,321 5,832 6,629 7,917 8,879 9,771 10,500 11,448 12,545 14,030 36,032 39,116 45,940 55,034 50,439 54,293 59,597 64,053 69,972 17,077 18,810 20,334 22,092 23,405 25,946 28,788 32,156 35,736 13,275 15,936 18,732 21,513 21,738 23,561 26,131 28,352 31,658 4,621 5,075 5,935 7,003 7,993 8,880 9,694 10,569 11,434 21,075 23,550 28,247 32,242 34,976 39,372 43,387 47,321 52,278 36,158 40,911 47,803 53,322 53,908 57,420 61,935 67,540 72,363 14,513 15,265 18,906 22,286 22,720 26,410 30,783 37,406 38,042 33,503 38,239 48,278 50,960 54,995 58,350 60,146 62,548 67, ,722 24,758 29,389 34,702 36,200 37,392 44,113 51,133 52,830 5,055 6,048 7,141 8,370 8,866 9,596 11,552 13,517 14,177 16,092 18,088 21,545 25,545 26,448 26,831 31,575 36,635 37, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods 85,973 96, , , , , , , , Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods 10,857 12,233 14,416 17,239 17,064 18,498 21,191 22,803 25, Barangan tahan lama Durable goods 21,959 22,612 26,738 32,503 30,407 32,978 37,345 41,345 45,045 Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs e 2013 p 121, , , , , , , , ,570 62,368 66,647 76,959 88,581 93,017 97, , , ,704 9,931 10,384 10,969 13,436 14,849 16,256 20,780 20,458 22,523 10,791 10,944 12,239 13,804 13,887 14,122 17,076 18,111 18,581 5,214 5,487 6,921 7,943 8,367 8,983 10,071 11,610 11,651 7,195 7,318 8,463 8,682 8,831 9,488 10,197 11,248 12,472 44

68 Jadual 13: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - RM Juta Table 13: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - RM Million Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p ,066 1,171 1,341 1,437 1,499 1,508 1,503 1,752 1,743 7,691 8,503 10,062 11,670 12,642 13,699 16,860 19,580 20,536 1,272 1,496 1,754 1,950 2,002 1,990 2,218 2,464 2,799 18,233 20,248 23,995 28,331 29,460 29,888 35,067 40,538 41, , , , , , , , , ,013 52,255 57,126 67,062 75,380 79,300 89,056 98, , ,293 57,162 61,593 67,740 68,184 63,751 75,707 79,670 92,809 98,379 11,821 12,305 14,263 14,818 13,610 15,029 19,400 21,711 23,341 55,008 60,105 65,727 72,268 75,633 81,238 85, , ,552 66,229 70,918 83,337 86,114 81,028 98, , , , ,467 6,689 6,837-29,517 5,955 8,350 2,639-7, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,123 73,014 77,291 99, ,641 98, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,892 83,887 86,718 98, ,084 94, , , , ,532 Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices 543, , , , , , , , ,733 * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 45

69 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Jadual 14: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar RM Juta Table 14: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e 240, , , , , , , , ,817 55,682 58,660 63,502 64,660 65,784 68,239 71,188 74,915 80,440 4,842 4,951 5,162 5,462 5,439 5,745 5,693 6,083 6,214 7,084 8,412 10,214 11,038 10,593 11,846 13,259 14,579 16,110 44,257 46,320 49,406 53,496 54,977 57,223 60,032 63,112 67,216 13,099 15,567 18,774 20,658 19,383 21,079 22,347 24,195 26,100 5,832 6,495 7,610 8,323 8,940 9,432 9,989 10,731 11,776 36,032 35,382 39,765 43,484 44,037 46,542 48,818 51,983 55,595 17,077 18,566 20,272 22,174 23,474 25,960 28,716 32,276 35,672 13,275 15,833 18,309 20,585 20,502 21,838 23,674 25,384 28,234 4,621 4,997 5,733 6,609 7,370 8,056 8,592 9,149 9,654 21,075 22,700 26,270 27,933 29,012 31,940 33,568 35,385 38,051 36,158 40,129 46,130 49,692 48,469 50,148 52,801 56,478 60,193 14,513 14,628 16,669 18,381 18,703 21,852 24,197 28,542 28,092 33,503 36,725 45,159 45,184 47,671 49,674 49,740 50,589 53, ,722 24,411 26,762 29,211 30,506 31,305 36,377 39,924 41,877 5,055 6,001 6,548 7,031 7,579 8,046 9,576 10,630 11,252 16,092 17,795 19,574 21,514 22,178 22,454 25,995 28,530 29, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods 85,973 90,318 99, , , , , , , Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods 10,857 12,344 14,431 17,019 16,962 18,566 20,967 22,576 24, Barangan tahan lama Durable goods 21,959 22,956 27,037 32,132 29,818 32,130 35,671 39,076 42,340 Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p 121, , , , , , , , ,030 62,368 65,792 70,149 74,970 78,675 81,383 94,563 99, ,510 9,931 10,201 10,098 11,272 12,540 13,662 17,117 15,983 17,847 10,791 10,864 11,256 11,783 11,746 11,620 13,727 13,932 14,404 5,214 5,416 6,228 6,723 7,077 7,519 8,296 9,070 9,299 7,195 7,224 7,614 7,348 7,569 7,921 8,197 8,760 9,744 46

70 Jadual 14: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar RM Juta Table 14: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - RM Million Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p ,066 1,156 1,222 1,216 1,288 1,229 1,228 1,334 1,362 7,691 8,434 9,222 9,977 10,793 11,487 13,878 15,398 16,298 1,272 1,477 1,599 1,651 1,694 1,651 1,812 1,881 2,184 18,233 19,938 21,801 23,877 24,718 25,012 28,896 31,570 33, , , , , , , , , ,879 52,255 55,519 61,717 65,055 67,010 71,842 75,697 94, ,059 57,162 61,220 67,147 67,155 62,541 74,044 77,062 89,174 94,355 11,821 12,093 13,315 13,315 12,033 12,510 15,633 16,991 18,465 55,008 59,204 63,108 66,414 68,353 71,697 73,584 84,305 86,176 66,229 69,628 79,070 79,111 73,231 86,699 94, , , ,358 1,906 1,199-8,682 8,129 3,172 5,629-1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,604 73,014 75,626 94,666 94,524 89,991 92,226 97, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,481 83,887 85,280 94,865 95,882 89,063 94, , , ,923 Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices 543, , , , , , , , ,611 * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 47

71 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Jadual 15: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 15: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods Barangan tahan lama Durable goods Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p

72 Jadual 15: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 15: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 49

73 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Jadual 16: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 16: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods Barangan tahan lama Durable goods Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p

74 Jadual 16: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Peratus Perubahan Tahunan Table 16: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Annual Percentage Change Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 51

75 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Jadual 17: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 17: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods Barangan tahan lama Durable goods Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p

76 Jadual 17: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 17: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 53

77 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Jadual 18: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 18: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods Barangan tahan lama Durable goods Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p

78 Jadual 18: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada Sektor Table 18: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to Sector Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 55

79 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Jadual 19: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 19: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods Barangan tahan lama Durable goods Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p

80 Jadual 19: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Semasa - Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 19: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Current Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 57

81 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Jadual 20: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 20: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods Barangan tahan lama Durable goods Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p

82 Jadual 20: KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan pada Harga Malar Pembahagian Peratus kepada KDNK Table 20: GDP by Type of Expenditure at Constant 2005 Prices - Percentage Share to GDP Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 59

83 1. 2. Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta Private final consumption expenditure Jadual 21: Pendeflasi Harga Tersirat atas KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan - Tahun Asas 2005=100 Table 21: Implicit Price Deflators on GDP by Type of Expenditure - Base Year 2005=100 Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir swasta mengikut tujuan Private final consumption expenditure by purpose Makanan dan minuman bukan alkohol Food and non-alcoholic beverages Minuman alkohol dan tembakau Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Pakaian dan kasut Clothing and footwear Perumahan, air, elektrik, gas dan bahan api lain Housing, water, electricity, gas dan other fuels Hiasan, perkakasan dan penyelenggaraan isi rumah Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance Kesihatan Health Pengangkutan Transport Komunikasi Communication Perkhidmatan rekreasi dan kebudayaan Recreation services and culture Pendidikan Education Restoran dan hotel Restaurants and hotels Pelbagai barangan dan perkhidmatan Miscellaneous goods and services Pembelian oleh residen di luar negeri Resident household purchase abroad tolak Pembelian oleh isi rumah bukan residen dalam pasaran domestik less Non-resident household purchase in domestic market Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir institusi bukan keuntungan yang berkhidmat kepada isi rumah Final consumption expenditure of NPIs serving households Penggunaan perseorangan kerajaan am Individual consumption of general government e Barangan tidak tahan lama Non-durable goods Barangan separa tahan lama Semi-durable goods Barangan tahan lama Durable goods Perkhidmatan awam am General public services Pertahanan Defence Perkhidmatan kesihatan Health services Perkhidmatan pendidikan Education services Perkhidmatan sosial Social services Penggunaan akhir sebenar isi rumah Actual final consumption of household Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah mengikut kategori penggunaan Household final consumption expenditure by consumption category Barangan Goods Perkhidmatan Services Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir kerajaan Government final consumption expenditure Ketenteraman dan keselamatan awam Public order and safety Perkhidmatan ekonomi Economic affairs 2013 p

84 Jadual 21: Pendeflasi Harga Tersirat atas KDNK mengikut Jenis Perbelanjaan - Tahun Asas 2005=100 Table 21: Implicit Price Deflators on GDP by Type of Expenditure - Base Year 2005= Jenis perbelanjaan Kind of expenditure Perlindungan alam sekitar Environmental protection Kemudahan perumahan dan kemasyarakatan Housing and community amenities Kesihatan Health Rekreasi, kebudayaan dan keagamaan Recreation, culture and religion Pendidikan Education Perlindungan sosial Social protection Pembentukan modal tetap kasar Gross fixed capital formation Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut jenis aset Gross fixed capital formation by type of assets Struktur Structure Jentera dan peralatan Machinery and equipment Aset lain Other asset Pembentukan modal tetap kasar mengikut sektor Gross fixed capital formation by sectors Awam Public Swasta Private Perubahan inventori dan barangan berharga* Changes in inventories and valuables* Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan Exports of goods and services Eksport barangan Exports of goods Eksport perkhidmatan Exports of services tolak Import barangan dan perkhidmatan less Imports of goods and services Import barangan Imports of goods Import perkhidmatan Imports of services e 2013 p Perbelanjaan atas KDNK pada harga pembeli Expenditure on GDP at purchasers' prices * Termasuk perbezaan statistik/ Inclusive statistical discrepancy 61

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86 SEKSYEN 4: NOTA TEKNIKAL SECTION 4: TECHNICAL NOTES

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88 NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES PENGENALAN Penyusunan data akaun negara yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual penerbitan ini adalah item terpilih daripada keseluruhan sistem perakaunan negara yang merekodkan semua aktiviti ekonomi. Sistem perakaunan negara meliputi pengeluaran, perbelanjaan, penjanaan dan pengagihan pendapatan, pembiayaan, tabungan dan pelaburan bagi keseluruhan ekonomi. INTRODUCTION The national accounts data presented in the tables are selected items from a full national accounting system, which records all economic activities. The national accounting system covers production, expenditure, income generation and distribution, financing, savings and investment of the whole economy. Sistem perakaunan ini ditakrifkan oleh Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu dan transaksi yang diberikan adalah mengikut panduan Sistem Akaun Negara 1993 (1993 SNA). Di samping itu, beberapa saranan 2008 SNA telah diguna pakai iaitu penyusunan Perkhidmatan Perantaraan Kewangan yang Diukur Secara Tidak Langsung (FISIM), perluasan konsep pembentukan modal tetap kasar merangkumi sistem persenjataan dan penyelidikan & pembangunan (R&D). This accounting system is defined by the United Nations and the transactions which are presented follow the recommendations of the Systems of National Accounts 1993 (1993 SNA). In addition, selected recommendations from 2008 SNA were adopted namely Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured (FISIM), enhancement in the concepts of gross fixed capital formation inclusive of weapons system and research & development (R&D). KELUARAN DALAM NEGERI KASAR (KDNK) KDNK adalah jumlah nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan yang dikeluarkan dalam tempoh tertentu selepas ditolak kos barang dan perkhidmatan yang digunakan dalam proses pengeluaran. Nilai ini merupakan nilai sebelum ditolak nilai peruntukan bagi modal tetap; iaitu jumlah nilai ditambah pada harga pengeluar bagi pengeluar residen ditambah dengan duti import. KDNK ini juga bersamaan dengan perbelanjaan ke atas KDNK (pada harga pembeli) iaitu jumlah bagi semua komponen perbelanjaan akhir ke atas barangan dan perkhidmatan tolak dengan import barangan dan perkhidmatan. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a certain period after deducting the cost of goods and services used up in the process of production. This value is before deducting allowances for consumption of fixed capital i.e. the sum of value added of resident producer in producers price plus import duties. GDP is equivalent to expenditure on the GDP (in purchasers price) i.e. the sum of all components of final expenditure on goods and services less imports of goods and services. KDNK boleh diukur dengan menggunakan tiga kaedah iaitu Kaedah Pengeluaran, Perbelanjaan dan Pendapatan. Namun begitu, penerbitan ini hanya menggunakan Kaedah Pengeluaran dan Perbelanjaan sahaja. GDP can be measured by using three approaches namely Production, Expenditure and Income Approach. However, this publication only presents Production and Expenditure Approach. KAEDAH PENGELUARAN KDNK berasaskan Kaedah Pengeluaran boleh didefinisikan sebagai jumlah nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan yang dikeluarkan di Malaysia setelah ditolak dengan nilai penggunaan perantaraan. Kaedah ini turut dikenali sebagai kaedah nilai ditambah yang mana ia menunjukkan sumbangan setiap aktiviti ekonomi terhadap keseluruhan KDNK. PRODUCTION APPROACH GDP based on Production Approach is defined as value of total production of goods and services produced in Malaysia after deducting value of intermediate consumption. This approach is also known as value added approach which will be able to show the contribution of each economic activity on overall GDP. 63

89 NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES KDNK merupakan sistem perakaunan catatan bergu dan dalam penerbitan ini, ianya ditunjukkan seperti berikut: a) Jumlah nilai ditambah kasar bagi semua pengeluar yang terlibat dalam ekonomi; atau KDNK/ GDP GDP is an item in a double entry accounting system and in this publication, it is presented in the following ways: a) The sum of the gross value added of all producers engaged in production in the economy; or Nilai Ditambah Kasar/ Gross Value Added b) Perbezaan antara output kasar bagi semua pengeluar tolak penggunaan perantaraan. b) The difference between gross output of all producers less the intermediate consumption. Nilai Ditambah/ Value Added Output Input KAEDAH PERBELANJAAN EXPENDITURE APPROACH KDNK berasaskan Kaedah Perbelanjaan ialah penjumlahan Penggunaan Akhir Swasta, Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan, Pembentukan Modal Tetap Kasar, Perubahan Inventori dan Barangan Berharga, Eksport barangan dan perkhidmatan dan ditolak dengan Import barangan dan perkhidmatan. Semua komponen ini dikategorikan sebagai permintaan akhir atau perbelanjaan akhir. Kaedah ini mengira nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan yang digunakan oleh pengguna akhir terhadap barangan dan perkhidmatan yang dikeluarkan oleh residen. GDP based on Expenditure Approach is the summation of Private Final Consumption, Government Final Consumption, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Changes in Inventories and Valuables, Exports of goods and services minus Imports of goods and services. All these components are categorised as final demand or final expenditure. This approach measures value of goods and services used by final users on goods and services produced by resident. KDNK/ GDP C G I X M C - Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Swasta (Isi rumah dan Institusi Bukan Keuntungan yang Berkhidmat kepada Isi rumah)/ Private Final Consumption Expenditure (Households and Non-profit Institution Serving Households) G - Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan/ Government Final Consumption Expenditure I - Pembentukan Modal Tetap Kasar + Perubahan Inventori dan Barangan Berharga/ Gross Fixed Capital Formation + Changes in Inventories and Valuables X - Eksport Barangan dan Perkhidmatan/ Exports of Goods and Services M - Import Barangan dan Perkhidmatan/ Imports of Goods and Services 64

90 NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICALS NOTES PENGIMBANGAN ANTARA ANGGARAN PENGELUARAN DAN PERBELANJAAN Secara teorinya, anggaran KDNK bagi kedua-dua kaedah harus menghasilkan nilai yang sama. Walau bagaimanapun, secara praktikal, anggaran nilai bagi kedua-dua kaedah ini tidak akan sama kerana penggunaan sumber data yang berlainan. Perbezaan ini dikenali sebagai Perbezaan Statistik dalam Sistem Akaun Negara. BALANCING BETWEEN THE PRODUCTION AND EXPENDITURE ESTIMATES Theoretically, the estimated GDP for both approaches should arrive at the same value. However, in practice, the estimated value by both approaches will not be equal due to the usage of different data sources. These differences are known as Statistical Discrepancy in National Accounts System. KDNK Kaedah Perbelanjaan / GDP Expenditure Approach Perbezaan Statistik/ Statistical Discrepancy KDNK Kaedah Pengeluaran / GDP Production Approach PENILAIAN TRANSAKSI Anggaran dinyatakan dalam dua jenis harga iaitu harga semasa dan harga malar (tahun asas 2005). Pelbagai teknik digunakan dalam membuat nilai anggaran pada harga semasa dan malar. VALUATION OF TRANSACTIONS Estimation is expressed in two types of prices namely current prices and constant prices (base year 2005). Various techniques have been used to estimate value at current and constant prices. KDNK PADA HARGA MALAR KDNK pada harga malar ialah nilai KDNK tanpa kesan harga. KDNK pada harga malar ini penting bagi membolehkan perbandingan sebenar perubahan tingkat pengeluaran/ kuantiti barangan dan perkhidmatan yang berlaku dalam aktiviti ekonomi. GDP AT CONSTANT PRICES GDP at constant prices is the value of GDP without price effect. GDP at constant prices enables actual comparison to be made for changes in level of production/ volume of goods and services occurred in economic activity. PENDEFLASI HARGA TERSIRAT Bagi mendapatkan siri harga malar, kaedah deflasi langsung yang terdiri daripada deflasi tunggal dan deflasi berganda digunakan. Kaedah deflasi tunggal menghapuskan pengaruh harga daripada output atau input yang telah dianggarkan manakala kaedah deflasi berganda pula menghapuskan pengaruh harga daripada output dan input. Oleh itu, nilai ditambah diperoleh sebagai perbezaan hasil tolak input daripada output. Indeks harga utama yang digunakan secara meluas ialah Indeks Harga Pengeluar dan Indeks Harga Pengguna. Sementara itu, bagi barangan dan perkhidmatan yang tidak terdapat dalam kedua-dua indeks ini, maklumat harga diperoleh daripada pertubuhan yang terlibat. Maklumat ini kemudiannya dijadikan indeks harga terbitan khusus bagi barangan dan perkhidmatan tersebut. IMPLICIT PRICE DEFLATOR In deriving the constant prices series, direct deflation method which consists of single deflation and double deflation is used. The single deflation method removes the price effect from the estimated output or input, while double deflation method eliminates the price effect from both the output and input. Hence, value added is obtained as residual by subtracting input from output. Main price indices that are being used widely are Producer Price Index and Consumer Price Index. Meanwhile, for goods and services which are not in both indices, information on prices are obtained from establishments involved. The information is then transformed into derived price indices specially for those goods and services. 65

91 NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES HUBUNGAN ANTARA ANGGARAN KDNK DAN IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN Siri akaun negara yang dikeluarkan dalam penerbitan ini adalah konsisten dengan anggaran tahunan imbangan pembayaran yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Kedua-dua anggaran ini menunjukkan penyata yang lengkap mengenai transaksi antara Malaysia dengan negara-negara lain pada harga semasa. KLASIFIKASI Penyusunan KDNK selaras dengan klasifikasi seperti berikut; Piawaian Klasifikasi Industri Malaysia (MSIC 2000); Malaysia Classification of Product by Activity (MCPA 2005); Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG); Classification of Individual Consumption by Purposes (COICOP); dan Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). RELATION BETWEEN GDP ESTIMATES AND BALANCE OF PAYMENTS The national accounts series published in this publication is consistent with the annual estimates of balance of payments published by DOSM. These two estimates show a complete statement of Malaysia transaction with other countries at current prices. CLASSIFICATION GDP compilation corresponds with the following classifications; Malaysia Standard Industrial Classification (MSIC 2000); Malaysia Classification of Product by Activity (MCPA 2005); Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG); Classification of Individual Consumption by Purposes (COICOP); and Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). OUTPUT Output ialah nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan yang dikeluarkan. Ini termasuk pengeluaran untuk pasaran, pengeluaran untuk kegunaan sendiri dan pengeluaran bukan pasaran (perkhidmatan kerajaan dan NPISHs). Pengeluaran barangan dan perkhidmatan tidak semestinya untuk dijual atau perolehan oleh pertubuhan. OUTPUT Output is the value of goods and services produced. This includes market production, production for own final use, and non-market production (government services and NPISHs). Production of goods and services is not necessarily for sale or turnover of establishment. PENGGUNAAN PERANTARAAN Penggunaan perantaraan ialah nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan yang digunakan (sebagai input) dalam proses pengeluaran barangan dan perkhidmatan tidak termasuk gaji dan upah, susut nilai daripada modal dan faedah bersih yang dibayar. NILAI DITAMBAH Nilai ditambah ialah perbezaan di antara output dan penggunaan perantaraan. Ia merupakan nilai ditambah barangan dan perkhidmatan dalam aktiviti ekonomi. Oleh itu, ia hampir menyamai dengan keuntungan perniagaan, gaji dan upah, susut nilai dan cukai tidak langsung; campur faedah yang dibayar dan tolak faedah yang diterima. INTERMEDIATE CONSUMPTION Intermediate consumption is the value of goods and services consumed (as input) in the production process of goods and services excluded salaries and wages, depreciation of capital and net interest paid. VALUE ADDED Value added is the difference between output and intermediate consumption. It represents the added value of goods and services by economic activity. Hence, it is approximately equivalent to commercial profit, salaries and wages, depreciation and indirect taxes; plus interest paid less interest received. 66

92 NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES CUKAI Di dalam perakaunan negara, cukai dinyatakan dalam dua bentuk iaitu: a) CUKAI TIDAK LANGSUNG Cukai tidak langsung dianggap sebagai kos pengeluaran, di mana ia adalah sebahagian daripada komponen nilai ditambah. Oleh itu, cukai tidak langsung perlu ditambah pada nilai barangan dan perkhidmatan. Cukai tidak langsung termasuk cukai jualan, cukai nilai ditambah, duti eksais, cukai pintu dan lain-lain. b) CUKAI LANGSUNG Cukai langsung ialah cukai ke atas keuntungan atau pendapatan, di mana ia m erupak a n p e n gagihan s em ula pendapatan dari sektor swasta kepada sektor kerajaan dan bukan dalam bentuk kos pengeluaran. Dalam konteks Malaysia, cukai pendapatan merupakan cukai langsung yang paling utama. TAXES In national accounts, taxes are expressed in two forms: a) INDIRECT TAXES Indirect taxes are regarded as a cost of production, which are part of value added component. Hence, indirect taxes must be added to the value of goods and services. Indirect taxes include sales tax, value added taxes, excise duties, quit rent and etc. b) DIRECT TAXES Direct taxes are taxes on profits or incomes, which constitute of a redistribution of income from the private sector to the government and it is not in the form of production cost. In Malaysia s context, income tax is the most significant direct tax. PENERBITAN DAN SEMAKAN DATA Penerbitan ini memberikan anggaran KDNK tahunan bagi tahun 2005 hingga 2013 di mana data bagi tahun 2011 hingga 2013 telah disemak. Semakan adalah berdasarkan data terkini banci/ penyiasatan tahunan/ dwi-tahunan dan akaun syarikat/ perusahaan individu bagi tahun 2011 hingga Bagi tahun terkini (2013), anggaran adalah berdasarkan kepada sumber data suku tahunan. Siri tahunan ini akan dikemaskini setiap tahun. PUBLICATION AND DATA REVISION This publication presents annual GDP estimates for the years 2005 to 2013 whereby data for 2011 until 2013 have been revised. The revisions were based on the latest data of census/ annual surveys/ biennial and accounts of company/ individual enterprise for year 2011 until For the latest year (2013), estimation was based on the quarterly data sources. The annual series will be updated every year. 67

93 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY ANGGARAN PENGELUARAN/ ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTION SEKTOR PERTANIAN AGRICULTURE SECTOR Data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan sehingga tahun 2010 telah digunakan dalam anggaran output pada harga semasa. Untuk tahun berikutnya sehingga 2013, data kuantiti pengeluaran dan maklumat harga berkaitan telah digunakan. Output juga termasuk anggaran pembentukan modal tetap daripada: tanaman baru yang belum mengeluarkan hasil (bagi Getah, Kelapa Sawit dan Pertanian Lain); baka ternakan (bagi Ternakan); dan balak yang ditanam tetapi belum mencapai tempoh matang untuk ditebang (bagi Perhutanan dan Pembalakan). Anggaran penggunaan perantaraan pada harga malar menggunakan nisbah input-output bagi tahun 2005 sebagai struktur kos. Nisbah ini dikemaskini berdasarkan data terkini. FISIM turut diambil kira sebagai penggunaan perantaraan. Census/ annual surveys data up to year 2010 is incorporated in the estimation of output at the current prices. For subsequent years up to 2013 quantity of production and relevant prices information have been used. Output also includes estimation of fixed capital formation arising from: new plantings (for Rubber, Oil Palm and Other Agriculture); breeds (for Livestock); and planted logs but has not attained the maturity to be cut (for Forestry and Logging). Estimation for intermediate consumption at constant prices uses the input-output ratio of 2005 as a cost structure. This ratio is updated based on the latest data obtained. FISIM is treated as intermediate consumption. Nilai ditambah pada harga semasa diperoleh dengan menaikkan kedua-dua output dan penggunaan perantaraan. Bagi tahun-tahun di mana tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan, anggaran pengeluaran adalah berdasarkan perangkaan pengeluaran bulanan. Current prices value added is obtained by inflating both output and intermediate consumption. For the years where census/ annual surveys data is unavailable, estimates of production are based on the monthly production statistics. SEKTOR PERLOMBONGAN DAN PENGKUARIAN MINING AND QUARRYING SECTOR Anggaran output pada harga semasa adalah berdasarkan data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan sehingga tahun Bagi tahun 2013, kuantiti pengeluaran dan maklumat harga bagi minyak mentah, kondensat, gas asli dan perlombongan lain telah digunakan. Output estimation at current prices is based on census/ annual surveys data up to year For year 2013, the quantity of production and prices information of crude petroleum, condensate, natural gas and other mining have been used. Anggaran penggunaan perantaraan pada harga malar menggunakan nisbah input-output daripada Perangkaan Petroleum dan Gas Asli 2013 (tahun rujukan 2012). Sementara itu, perlombongan lain menggunakan nisbah input-output 2005 sebagai struktur kos. FISIM turut diambil kira sebagai penggunaan perantaraan. Estimation for intermediate consumption at constant prices uses the input-output ratio of Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics 2013 (reference year 2012). Meanwhile, other mining uses the input-output ratio of 2005 as a cost structure. FISIM is treated as intermediate consumption. 68

94 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY Nilai ditambah pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi kedua-dua output dan penggunaan perantaraan. Bagi tahun-tahun di mana tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan, anggaran bagi perlombongan lain adalah berdasarkan perangkaan pengeluaran daripada Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains. SEKTOR PEMBUATAN Constant prices value added is obtained by deflating both output and intermediate consumption. For the years where census/ annual surveys data is unavailable, estimates of other mining production are based on the production statistics from Minerals and Geoscience Department. MANUFACTURING SECTOR Nilai output diselaraskan semula dengan Supply and Use Tables bagi tahun Data tahunan penyiasatan/ banci sehingga tahun 2010 telah digunakan dalam anggaran. Bagi tahun berikutnya sehingga 2013, data Penyiasatan Pembuatan Bulanan (MMS) yang berkadaran dengan keseluruhan industri digunakan dalam membuat anggaran output pada harga semasa. Data akaun kerajaan memberikan maklumat cukai yang dikenakan ke atas komoditi industri Pembuatan. Ini membolehkan output dinilai pada harga pengeluar. Bagi aktiviti pemasangan kenderaan bermotor, elektronik, logam yang direka dan pemprosesan minyak sawit, pelarasan kepada output dibuat bagi pemasangan/ pemprosesan yang dibuat secara kontrak/ bayaran oleh pihak lain. Anggaran penggunaan perantaraan pada harga malar menggunakan nisbah input-output daripada banci/ penyiasatan tahunan. FISIM turut diambil kira sebagai penggunaan perantaraan. Nilai ditambah pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi kedua-dua output dan input. Bagi tahun-tahun di mana tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan, anggaran pengeluaran adalah berdasarkan nilai daripada MMS dan perangkaan pengeluaran dengan andaian perubahan input bergerak pada kadar yang sama dengan perubahan output pada harga malar. Output is realigned with the Supply and Use Tables for year Census/ annual surveys data up to year 2010 is used in the estimation. For subsequent years up to 2013, data from Monthly Manufacturing Survey (MMS) which rated up to the universe have been used in estimating output at current prices. The government accounts data provide information on taxes levied on the commodities of Manufacturing industries. This is to allow the estimates of output at producers prices. For the assembly of motor vehicles, electronics, fabricated metal and palm oil processing, adjustments have been made to output for assembling/ processing done on contract/ fee by others. Estimation for intermediate consumption at constant prices uses the input-output ratio of census/ annual surveys. FISIM is treated as intermediate consumption. Value added at constant prices is obtained by deflating both output and input. For the years where census/ annual surveys data is unavailable, estimates of production are based on the value from MMS and production statistics with the assumption that changes of input move at the same rate as the changes of output at constant prices. SEKTOR PEMBINAAN Banci/ penyiasatan tahunan sehingga tahun 2012 digunakan dalam penganggaran output bagi sektor ini. Bagi tahun 2013, data Statistik Pembinaan Suku Tahunan digunakan dalam penganggaran output pada harga semasa. Di samping itu, maklumat sekunder bagi pembinaan yang berkaitan dengan aktiviti ke hadapan (upstream activity) industri minyak dan gas turut diambil kira. CONSTRUCTION SECTOR The census/ annual surveys data up to 2012 is used in the estimation of output for this sector. For year 2013, Quarterly Construction Statistics data has been used in estimating output at current prices. In addition, secondary information on construction associated with the upstream activity of the oil and gas industry is also included. 69

95 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY Anggaran penggunaan perantaraan pada harga malar menggunakan nisbah input-output daripada banci/ penyiasatan tahunan. FISIM turut diambil kira sebagai penggunaan perantaraan. Nilai ditambah pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi kedua-dua output dan input. Bagi tahun-tahun di mana tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan, anggaran adalah berdasarkan Statistik Pembinaan Suku Tahunan dengan andaian perubahan input bergerak pada kadar yang sama dengan perubahan output pada harga malar. SEKTOR PERKHIDMATAN Estimation for intermediate consumption at constant prices uses the input-output ratio of census/ annual surveys. FISIM is treated as intermediate consumption. Value added at constant prices is obtained by deflating both output and input. For the years where census/ annual surveys data is unavailable, estimates are based on the Quarterly Construction Statistics with the assumption that changes of intermediate consumption move at the same rate as the changes of output at constant prices. SERVICES SECTOR PERKHIDMATAN SWASTA Output bagi sektor Perkhidmatan Swasta pada harga semasa dianggarkan berdasarkan banci/ penyiasatan tahunan, penyata kewangan dan data pentadbiran dari pelbagai agensi yang merangkumi subsektor seperti di bawah: PRIVATE SERVICES Output for Private Services sector is estimated at current prices based on the census/ annual surveys, financial statement and administrative data from various agencies which applies for the following sub-sectors: Elektrik, Gas & Air Bagi tahun-tahun di mana tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan, data penggunaan digunakan sebagai penggerak bagi menganggar output tahunan. Perdagangan Borong & Runcit Banci Perdagangan Edaran 2009 telah digunakan sebagai rujukan. Bagi tahun di mana tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan, data Penyiasatan Perdagangan Edaran Bulanan dan Indeks Perdagangan Edaran digunakan sebagai penggerak output tahunan. Penginapan & Restoran, Pengangkutan & Penyimpanan, Komunikasi, Pendidikan Swasta dan Kesihatan Swasta Data Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan (PPST) digunakan sebagai penggerak output pada harga semasa sekiranya tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan. Kewangan Output utama terdiri daripada Caj Langsung (pendapatan berasaskan yuran) dan Caj Tidak Langsung (FISIM). FISIM dikira mengikut konsep kadar faedah rujukan seperti yang disarankan dalam 2008 SNA. Electricity, Gas & Water For the years where census/ annual surveys data is unavailable, consumption data is used as a mover to estimate the annual output. Wholesale & Retail Trade Census of Distributive Trade 2009 is used as a benchmark. For the years where census/ annual surveys data is unavailable, Monthly Survey of Distributive Trade data and Index of Distributive Trade are used as a mover to estimate the annual output. Accommodation & Restaurants, Transport & Storage, Communication, Private Education and Private Health Quarterly Survey on Services (QSS) data is used to estimate output at current prices whenever census/ annual surveys data is unavailable. Finance Main output consists of Direct Charges (fee based income) and Indirect Charges (FISIM). FISIM is calculated based on reference rate method as recommended in 2008 SNA. 70

96 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY Insurans Output diperoleh daripada hasil tambah premium dan pendapatan pelaburan bersih tolak tuntutan dibayar. Hartanah Anggaran output menggunakan pelbagai penunjuk iaitu bilangan unit rumah baru yang dijual, ruang niaga kompleks perniagaan diduduki, ruang pejabat binaan khas diduduki dan nilai pindah milik harta. Pe r khid mat an P erniag a an dan Perkhidmatan Swasta Lain PPST dan Penyiasatan Akaun Negara Suku Tahunan digunakan untuk menggangar output pada harga semasa sekiranya tiada data banci/ penyiasatan tahunan. Kediaman yang Didiami oleh Pemilik Bilangan kediaman yang didiami pemilik dan maklumat purata sewa daripada Penyiasatan Perbelanjaan Isi rumah digunakan untuk menganggar output pada harga semasa. Bagi tahun-tahun berikutnya, nilai ditambah pada harga malar digerakkan menggunakan perubahan penduduk yang mengambil kira pertambahan faktor perkadaran penduduk yang memiliki rumah sendiri dan perubahan kualiti kediaman. Institusi Bukan Keuntungan yang Berkhidmat kepada Isi rumah (NPISHs) Nilai harga malar untuk industri ini digerakkan oleh bilangan jumlah penduduk dan pertubuhan utama NPISHs. Perkhidmatan Domestik bagi Isi rumah Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010 membekalkan penggerak jangka masa panjang untuk anggaran nilai ditambah pada harga malar. Bagi tahun berikutnya, Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh digunakan sebagai penggerak untuk nilai ditambah pada harga malar. Anggaran penggunaan perantaraan pada harga malar menggunakan nisbah input-output bagi tahun 2005 sebagai struktur kos. Nisbah ini dikemaskini berdasarkan data terkini. FISIM turut diambil kira sebagai penggunaan perantaraan. Nilai ditambah pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi kedua-dua output dan penggunaan perantaraan. Insurance Output is derived by adding premium and net investment income minus claims. Real Estate The estimation of output uses various indicators namely the number of new housing units being sold, occupied retail space in shopping complex, occupied space in purpose built office and value of property transaction. Business Services and Other Private Services QSS and Quarterly National Accounts Survey data are used to estimate output at current prices whenever census/ annual surveys data is unavailable. Owner Occupied Dwellings The number of owner occupied houses and information on average rental from Household Expenditure Survey are used to estimate output at current price. For the subsequent years, value added at constant prices is moved by changes in population which includes the increased proportion factor of home ownership population and changes in residential quality. Non-pro fit I n stitution Se r v in g Households (NPISHs) The constant prices value for this industry is moved by total population and main NPISHs establishment. Domestic Services to Households The Population and Housing Census 2010 provides the long-term mover for value added at constant prices. For the subsequent years, the Labour Force Survey has been used as the mover for value added at constant prices. Estimation for intermediate consumption at constant prices uses the input-output ratio of 2005 as a cost structure. This ratio is updated based on the latest data obtained. FISIM is treated as intermediate consumption. Constant prices value added is obtained by deflating both output and intermediate consumption. 71

97 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY PERKHIDMATAN KERAJAAN GOVERNMENT SERVICES Industri ini dikategorikan sebagai pengeluar bukan pasaran, oleh yang demikian nilai ditambah diperoleh daripada pampasan pekerja, pencen yang diperuntukkan kepada pekerja yang sedang bekerja dan penggunaan modal tetap (COFC). Ia disusun berdasarkan aktiviti Kerajaan Persekutuan, Kerajaan Negeri, Badan Berkanun dan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan. Anggaran nilai ditambah pada harga malar dijelaskan pada Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan. This industry is categorised as non-market producer, thus the value added is obtained from compensation of employees, pension allocated to the current employees and consumption of fixed capital (COFC). Compilation is based on the data of Federal Government, State Government, Statutory Bodies and Local Authorities. Constant value added estimation has been eloborated in Government Final Consumption Expenditure. DUTI IMPORT Ukuran muktamad diperoleh daripada laporan tahunan Jabatan Akauntan Negara dan ia akan digunakan untuk anggaran tahunan. Akaun bulanan yang diperoleh daripada Jabatan Kastam Diraja Malaysia telah digunakan dalam penganggaran bagi tahun yang terkini. Duti import pada harga semasa dideflasi dengan menggunakan harga berkaitan untuk mendapatkan duti import pada harga malar. IMPORT DUTIES The definitive measure comes from the annual report of the Accountant General and it will be used to make the annual estimates. For the recent year, monthly accounts which obtained from Royal Malaysian Customs Department has been used in the estimation. The current prices import duties are deflated by the relevant prices to arrive import duties at constant prices. 72

98 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY ANGGARAN PERBELANJAAN/ ESTIMATION OF EXPENDITURE PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR KERAJAAN GOVERNMENT FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan bersamaan dengan output kerajaan tolak nilai jualan dan ditambah dengan FISIM. Output bersamaan dengan nilai ditambah campur penggunaan perantaraan. Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Kerajaan dikategorikan kepada penggunaan individu oleh kerajaan am (juga dikenali sebagai pindahan sosial) dan penggunaan terkumpul kerajaan am. Anggaran nilai ditambah pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi gaji dan upah dengan indeks kadar gaji permulaan Kerajaan Persekutuan. Dalam membangunkan indeks gaji, semakan bayaran gaji dan bonus telah dikira sebagai kenaikan harga, manakala kenaikan gaji tahunan penjawat awam dikira sebagai kenaikan dalam produktiviti. Sementara itu, penggunaan perantaraan pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi menggunakan indeks IHPR dan IHP. COFC pada harga malar diperoleh menggunakan Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) bersepadu dan harga semasa dianggar dengan menaikkan COFC bagi aset terpilih dengan menggunakan indeks harga yang sesuai. Kaedah ini adalah selari dengan saranan oleh 2008 SNA. Government Final Consumption Expenditure is equal to the output of government less value of sales plus FISIM. Output is equal to value added plus intermediate consumption. Government Final Consumption Expenditure can be categorised into individual consumption of general government (also known as social transfers in kind) and collective consumption of general government. The constant price estimates of value added is obtained by deflating salaries and wages with an index of Federal Government starting wage rate. In constructing the wages index, salary revisions and bonus payments have been treated as price increases while the annual civil service increment has been treated as an increase in productivity. Meanwhile, the constant price for intermediate consumption is obtained by deflating the intermediate consumption with the PPI and CPI indices. COFC at constant prices is derived using an integrated Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) and the current price is estimated by inflating the COFC for the respective assets using appropriate price indices. This methodology is consistent with the recommendations by 2008 SNA. Penggunaan terkumpul oleh kerajaan am adalah sebahagian daripada perbelanjaan penggunaan kerajaan yang diperoleh daripada kerajaan am seperti pekhidmatan awam am, pertahanan, keselamatan dan ketenteraman awam dan hal ehwal ekonomi. Semua perbelanjaan ini disediakan oleh kerajaan am secara serentak kepada semua ahli dalam komuniti atau kepada semua ahli dalam sektor tertentu bagi komuniti. Tiada mekanisme pengagihan semula sumber-sumber tersebut di kalangan individu isi rumah. Penggunaan individu kerajaan am adalah perbelanjaan yang turut dikeluarkan oleh kerajaan am tetapi sebenarnya ia diperoleh isi rumah seperti pendidikan, kesihatan dan perlindungan sosial. Collective consumption of general government is part of government consumption expenditure acquired by the general government such as general public services, defence, public order and safety and economic affairs. These expenditures are provided by general government simultaneously to all members of the community or to all members of a particular sector of the community. There is no mechanism of redistributing such resources among individual household. Individual consumption of general government is expenditures incurred by general government but actually acquired by households such as education, health and social protection. 73

99 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR SWASTA PRIVATE FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Swasta terdiri daripada Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Isi Rumah dan Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Institusi Bukan Keuntungan yang Berkhidmat kepada Isi Rumah (NPISHs). Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Isi Rumah dianalisa mengikut komoditi dan kumpulan perkhidmatan berdasarkan Classifisation of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP) yang dibahagikan kepada empat kategori: barang tahan lama, barang tidak tahan lama, barang separa tahan lama dan perkhidmatan. Bagi mengira perbelanjaan penggunaan perkhidmatan yang berkaitan, sebahagian nilai output pada harga semasa dan malar bagi perkhidmatan tersebut telah diambil kira sebagai penggerak bagi mendapatkan nilai penggunaan pada harga semasa. FISIM turut dimasukkan dalam anggaran Perbelanjaan Penggunaan Akhir Isi Rumah. Penyiasatan Perbelanjaan Isi Rumah (PPIR) digunakan sebagai tanda aras untuk mendapatkan anggaran perbelanjaan tahunan pada harga semasa dan pengagihan perbelanjaan mengikut jenis barangan dan perkhidmatan. Nilai perbelanjaan pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi anggaran pada harga semasa setiap item dengan IHP. Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir NPISHs diperoleh dengan menjumlahkan penggunaan perantaraan dan pampasan pekerja dan ditolak pendapatan daripada hasil jualan. Private Final Consumption Expenditure consists of Household Final Consumption Expenditure and Final Consumption Expenditure of Non-Profit Institution Serving Households (NPISHs). Household Final Consumption Expenditure is analysed according to the commodity and services group based on the Clasification of Individual Consumption by Purposes (COICOP) which is divided into four categories: durable goods, non-durable goods, semi-durable goods and services. In deriving the relevant services consumption expenditure, part of output at current and constant prices for the respective services is taken as a mover to obtain the consumption at current prices. FISIM is also included in Household Final Consumption Expenditure estimation. The Household Expenditure Survey (HES) has been used as a benchmark to derive annual expenditure estimate at current prices and distribution of expenditure by type of goods and services. The expenditure at constant prices is obtained by deflating the estimates at current prices of each item by the CPI. Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs is obtained by summing up intermediate consumption and compensation of employees and deducting receipts from sales. PENGGUNAAN AKHIR SEBENAR ISI RUMAH ACTUAL FINAL CONSUMPTION OF HOUSEHOLDS Penggunaan Akhir Sebenar Isi Rumah atau Penggunaan Individu Sebenar = Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir isi rumah + Perbelanjaan penggunaan akhir NPISHs + Perbelanjaan pengunaan individu bagi kerajaan am (perkhidmatan kesihatan, pendidikan dan perlindungan sosial) Actual Final Consumption of Households or Actual Individual Consumption = Household final consumption expenditure + Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs + Individual consumption expenditure of general government (health, education and social protection) 74

100 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY PEMBENTUKAN MODAL TETAP KASAR (PMTK) GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) Secara konsepnya, PMTK mengukur nilai aset tetap yang dibeli setelah ditolak dengan pelupusan atau jualan. Pembelian ini adalah bagi tujuan pengeluaran di samping perbelanjaan ke atas perkhidmatan yang memberi nilai ditambah kepada aset. Nilai keseluruhan PMTK pada harga semasa dianggarkan melalui nilai output yang diperoleh dari Penyiasatan Pembinaan Suku Tahunan, Penyiasatan Pembuatan Bulanan, import barang modal, perbelanjaan cari gali minyak dan pelbagai data daripada agensi kerajaan yang berkaitan. PMTK Awam diperoleh daripada perbelanjaan ke atas aset oleh sektor awam berdasarkan maklumat Perbelanjaan Aset bagi Akaun Kewangan Kerajaan Am Tahunan dan penyiasatan Perbelanjaan Modal untuk Perbadanan Awam. Perbelanjaan untuk peralatan pertahanan turut diambil kira dalam penganggaran PMTK Awam. PMTK Swasta dianggarkan menggunakan maklumat banci/ penyiasatan ke atas pertubuhan swasta dan pelbagai sumber data pentadbiran yang berkaitan. PMTK pada harga malar diperoleh dengan mendeflasi nilai PMTK pada harga semasa dengan indeks harga berkaitan. Conceptually, GFCF measures value of fixed assets purchased after deducting the value of disposal or sold. The purchases is for the purpose of production besides expenditure on services which gives value added to assets. The total value of GFCF at current prices is estimated through the output obtained from Quarterly Construction Survey, Monthly Manufacturing Survey, imports of capital items, expenditure on oil exploration and various data from government agencies. Public GFCF is obtained from the expenditure on assets by public sector based on the Capital Expenditure for Annual General Government Accounts and also the Capital Expenditure for Public Enterprises survey. Expenditure on weapons system is also included in the Public GFCF estimation. The estimates of Private GFCF is derived from information of census/ surveys on the private establishment and various related administrative data. GFCF at constant prices is obtained by deflating the GFCF at current prices with the relevant price index. PERUBAHAN DALAM INVENTORI Perubahan inventori merujuk kepada perbezaan di antara tambahan kepada dan pengeluaran daripada inventori. Secara prinsipnya, ia boleh diperoleh daripada hasil tolak inventori akhir dan inventori awal. Secara amnya, inventori boleh menjana keuntungan atau kerugian kerana harga barangan yang disimpan boleh jatuh atau naik mengikut harga pasaran. Janaan keuntungan dan kerugian ini bukanlah hasil operasi pengeluaran, oleh itu sumbangannya tidak dikira di dalam penyusunan KDNK. CHANGES IN INVENTORIES Changes in inventories are defined as the difference between additions to and withdrawals from inventories. In principle, it is derived by subtracting opening inventories from closing inventories. Generally, inventories generate holding gains or losses as the market prices of the goods held in stock rise or fall. These gains or losses are not the result of production process and thus cannot contribute to GDP compilation. 75

101 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY Inventori awal pada harga semasa perlu dideflasi dengan menggunakan harga pada masa inventori masuk bagi mendapatkan inventori awal pada harga malar. Kemudian, inventori awal pada harga malar dinaikkan menggunakan harga pada masa inventori akhir bagi mendapatkan nilai pada harga semasa. Seterusnya, perbezaan antara inventori akhir dan inventori awal akan memberi perubahan dalam inventori tanpa holding gains atau kesan kerugian. Opening inventories at current prices need to be deflated by using prices at prevalent time of entry to arrive at constant prices. Then the opening inventories at constant prices are inflated by using prices ruling at the time of closing inventories to arrive at current prices. Subsequently, the subtraction of closing inventories against opening inventories will give the changes in inventories without holding gain or losses effect. BARANGAN BERHARGA Barangan berharga bermaksud barangan yang dibeli dengan tujuan untuk pelaburan di mana pembelian tersebut dibuat dengan anggapan bahawa nilai barang tersebut akan meningkat pada masa akan datang. Antara contoh barangan berharga adalah logam dan batu berharga, barang antik, barang seni dan sebagainya. Nilai pada harga semasa diperoleh dari pelbagai indikator dan sumber data termasuklah data import, penyiasatan pembuatan dan perdagangan edaran. Data ini kemudiannya dideflasi dengan indeks harga yang berkaitan untuk mendapatkan nilai pada harga malar. VALUABLES Valuables are defined as products bought for the purpose of investment where the purchase is made with the assumption that the value of the products will increase in the future. Examples of valuables are precious metals and stones, antiques, works of art and etc. Value at current prices is obtained from various indicators and data sources such as imports data, manufacturing survey and distributive trade. These data is then deflated by the relevant price indices to arrive the value at constant prices. EKSPORT DAN IMPORT Eksport dan Import data adalah termasuk dagangan dan perkhidmatan. W alau bagaimanapun, nilai eksport dan import ini tidak termasuk peminjaman dan pemberian pinjaman, faedah dan bayaran pindahan lain antara rakyat Malaysia dengan rakyat negara lain. Nilai dagangan disusun dari Borang Ikrar Kastam yang diproses oleh Jabatan ini manakala maklumat berkaitan nilai perkhidmatan diperoleh daripada pelbagai sumber termasuk syarikat penerbangan negara, Bank Negara Malaysia, Jabatan Imigresen dan pelbagai penyiasatan seperti Penyiasatan Suku Tahunan Pelaburan Antarabangsa, Pen yiasatan S yarik at Penerbangan Asing di Malaysia dan Banci Syarikat Perkapalan di Malaysia. Rekod perdagangan barangan yang mana transaksi tidak diliputi (contoh; eksport air) atau dagangan yang tidak diurus niaga antara Malaysia dengan negara lain (contoh; barang transit melalui Malaysia dan barang yang dibawa masuk untuk dibaiki dan dieksport semula) perlu diselaraskan. Maklumat tentang penerimaan dan pembayaran bagi perjalanan diperoleh daripada pelbagai sumber termasuk penyiasatan yang dibuat oleh Lembaga Penggalak Pelancongan Malaysia. EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Exports and Imports data consist of merchandise and services. Nevertheless, the value of exports and imports do not include borrowing and lending, interest and other transfers between Malaysians and the rest of the world. Values on merchandise trade are compiled from the Customs Declarations processed by the Department while value of services is obtained from various sources including national carriers, Bank Negara Malaysia, Immigration Department and various surveys such as the Quarterly Survey of International Investment and Services, Survey of Foreign Airlines Companies in Malaysia and Census of Shipping Companies in Malaysia. The merchandise trade records are adjusted for transactions that are not otherwise covered (e.g. exports of water) or which are not transacted between Malaysia and the rest of the world (e.g. goods in transit through Malaysia and goods received for repairs and re-export). Measures of travel receipts and payments are obtained from various sources including surveys carried out by the Tourist Development Corporation. 76

102 METODOLOGI METHODOLOGY Indeks harga relatif daripada IHP dan IHPR, kadar tukaran dan indeks harga antarabangsa yang disesuaikan dengan perubahan kadar tukaran digunakan untuk mendapatkan harga malar. Nilai import dan eksport dideflasi dengan menggunakan IHPR yang dideflasi mengikut kumpulan komoditi. Wajaran dikemas kini setiap tahun apabila perangkaan perdagangan dimuktamadkan. Perkhidmatan yang diliputi dalam Eksport dan Import adalah Perkhidmatan Perjalanan, Perkhidmatan Pengangkutan, Perkhidmatan Lain dan Perkhidmatan Kerajaan. Relative price indices from CPI and PPI, exchange rates and international price indices adjusted for exchange rate changes is used to obtain constant price estimates. The exports and imports are deflated by using the appropriate PPI by each commodity groups. Weights are updated annually when the merchandise trade statistics are finalised. Components of services that are included in Exports and Imports are Travel Services, Transport Services, Other Services and Government Services. PELARASAN RECONCILIATION Anggaran pengeluaran dan perbelanjaan perlu sama secara teori. Walau bagaimanapun, dari segi amalan, ini tidak berlaku. Perbezaan terjadi kerana maklumat yang digunakan untuk KDNK mengikut kaedah Pengeluaran dan Perbelanjaan adalah daripada sumber-sumber yang berlainan, dan kerap kali wujud jurang pada maklumat yang diperoleh. Perbezaan masa di antara sumber-sumber maklumat juga menyumbang kepada ketidakseimbangan ini. SUT 2005 mengenal pasti transaksi di antara industri-industri dan permintaan akhir dengan agak terperinci. Dengan melakukan kerja pada peringkat yang terperinci dalam bentuk persembahan matriks telah membolehkan pengimbangan yang sistematik dilakukan. Di dalam penerbitan ini, pelarasan telah dibuat bagi menyamakan bekalan dan penggunaan barangan dan perkhidmatan. Amalan ini menggunakan sepenuhnya maklumat yang ada dan pengetahuan teknikal yang mendalam berhubung dengan sumbangan setiap item kepada KDNK mengikut kaedah Pengeluaran dan Perbelanjaan. The estimates of production and expenditure should be the same theoritically. However, this does not happen practically. Differences occur because the information used for GDP by Production and Expenditure approach comes from different sources and often there are gaps in the information available. Timing differences between information sources also contribute to the imbalance. The 2005 SUT identify transactions between industries and final demand in considerable detail. Working at this very detailed level within a matrix presentation allows the national accountants to bring the system into balance. In this publication adjustments have been made to equate the supply and use of goods and services. This practice makes the best use of the information available and of the knowledge that the national accountants have of each item contributing to the GDP by Production and Expenditure approach. PEMBANGUNAN MASA HADAPAN FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS Maklumat dalam penerbitan ini menerangkan kaedah-kaedah yang digunakan sehingga kini. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila terdapat sumber data baru atau metodologi baru yang disarankan daripada SNA, data akan diselaraskan dalam penyusunan dan penyelidikan lanjut akan dibuat bagi memperbaiki kaedah yang digunakan. Oleh yang demikian, adalah dijangkakan perubahan terhadap data dan kaedah akan dilakukan secara berterusan. Perubahan seumpama ini akan diperkenalkan bagi mengekalkan kesinambungan data siri masa. The information which is provided in this publication describes the methods used to date. However, as new data sources or new methodology recommendations from SNA become available, the data will be incorporated in the compilation and further research will be made to improve the current methods. Hence, it is expected that the changes data and methods will be made on a continuing basis. Such changes will be introduced so as to maintain the continuity of the time series. 77

103 SUMBER DATA DATA SOURCES SEKTOR PERTANIAN/ AGRICULTURE SECTOR GETAH RUBBER Perangkaan Getah Bulanan, Malaysia Monthly Rubber Statistics, Malaysia Perangkaan Getah Tahunan, Malaysia Annual Rubber Statistics, Malaysia Lembaga Getah Malaysia/ Malaysian Rubber Board Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics KELAPA SAWIT OIL PALM Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia/ Malaysian Palm Oil Board Laporan Tahunan Syarikat-Syarikat Penanaman Kelapa Sawit yang Utama/ Annual Report from the Main Oil Palm Plantation Companies Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics TERNAKAN LIVESTOCK Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar, Semenanjung Malaysia Department of Veterinary Services, Peninsular Malaysia Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar, Sabah Department of Veterinary Services, Sabah Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar, Sarawak Department of Veterinary Services, Sarawak Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani, Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry, Malaysia PERTANIAN LAIN OTHER AGRICULTURE Kementerian Perusahaan Perladangan dan Komoditi Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities Kementerian Pertanian dan Industri Asas Tani, Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry, Malaysia Lembaga Perindustrian Nanas, Malaysia Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board Lembaga Kenaf dan Tembakau Negara, Malaysia National Kenaf and Tobacco Board, Malaysia Lembaga Lada Malaysia/ Malaysia Pepper Board Lembaga Pemasaran Pertanian Persekutuan Federal Agriculture Marketing Authority 78

104 SUMBER DATA DATA SOURCES PERHUTANAN DAN PEMBALAKAN FORESTRY AND LOGGING PERIKANAN FISHING Jabatan Perhutanan, Semenanjung Malaysia Department of Forestry, Peninsular Malaysia Jabatan Perhutanan, Sabah/ Department of Forestry, Sabah Jabatan Perhutanan, Sarawak Department of Forestry, Sarawak Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics Dasar Perindustrian Kayu Negara (NATIP) National Timber Industry Policy (NATIP) Jabatan Perikanan, Malaysia Department of Fisheries, Malaysia Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics SEKTOR PERLOMBONGAN & PENGKUARIAN/ MINING & QUARRYING SECTOR PETROLEUM DAN GAS ASLI PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS PERLOMBONGAN LAIN OTHER MINING Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) Perangkaan Petroleum dan Gas Asli Petroleum and Natural Gas Statistics Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics Banci Ekonomi Perlombongan & Pengkuarian Economic Census of Mining & Quarrying Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Minerals and Geoscience Department SEKTOR PEMBUATAN/ MANUFACTURING SECTOR PEMBUATAN MANUFACTURING Banci Ekonomi Pembuatan Economic Census of Manufacturing Penyiasatan Industri Pembuatan Tahunan Annual Survey of Manufacturing Industries Penyiasatan Pembuatan Bulanan Monthly Manufacturing Survey Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics 79

105 SUMBER DATA DATA SOURCES SEKTOR PEMBINAAN/ CONSTRUCTION SECTOR PEMBINAAN CONSTRUCTION Banci Ekonomi Industri Pembinaan Economic Census of Construction Industries Penyiasatan Pembinaan Tahunan Annual Construction Survey Statistik Pembinaan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Construction Statistics SEKTOR PERKHIDMATAN/ SERVICES SECTOR ELEKTRIK, GAS DAN AIR ELECTRICITY, GAS AND WATER PERDAGANGAN BORONG DAN RUNCIT WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE PENGINAPAN ACCOMMODATION RESTORAN RESTAURANTS PENGANGKUTAN DAN PENYIMPANAN TRANSPORT AND STORAGE KOMUNIKASI COMMUNICATION Lembaga air dan pengeluar sektor swasta serta pengedar bekalan elektrik dan air/ Local authorities and private sector producers and distributors of electricity and water Industri pengedaran gas/ Gas distribution industry Penyata Kewangan Syarikat Companies Financial Statements Banci Perdagangan Edaran/ Census of Distributive Trade Penyiasatan Antara Banci Perdagangan Edaran Intercensal Survey of Distributive Trade Penyiasatan Perdagangan Edaran Bulanan Monthly Survey of Distributive Trade Banci Ekonomi Perkhidmatan Penginapan Economic Census of Accommodation Services Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Survey on Services SUT 2005/ 2005 SUT Banci Ekonomi Perkhidmatan Makanan & Minuman Economic Census of Food & Beverages Services Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Survey on Services Banci Ekonomi Perkhidmatan Pengangkutan & Penyimpanan/ Economic Census of Transportation & Storage Services Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Pengangkutan Surveys of Transport Services Pihak Berkuasa Pelabuhan, tol dan operasi penerbangan Port Authority, toll and airport operations Banci Ekonomi Perkhidmatan Maklumat & Komunikasi Economic Census of Information & Communication Services Penyiasatan Komunikasi/ Survey of Communication Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Survey on Services 80

106 SUMBER DATA DATA SOURCES KEWANGAN FINANCE INSURANS INSURANCE HARTANAH REAL ESTATE PERKHIDMATAN PERNIAGAAN BUSINESS SERVICES Bank Negara Malaysia/ Central Bank of Malaysia Penyata Kewangan Syarikat Financial Statement from Companies Bank Negara Malaysia/ Central Bank of Malaysia Penyata Kewangan Syarikat Financial Statement from Companies SUT 2005/ 2005 SUT Banci/ Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Hartanah Census/Survey of Real Estate Services Pusat Maklumat Harta Tanah Negara (NAPIC) National Property Information Centre (NAPIC) Banci Ekonomi Perkhidmatan Perniagaan Economic Census of Bussiness Services Penyiasatan Pertubuhan Perkhidmatan Survey of Services Establishments SUT 2005/ 2005 SUT Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Survey on Services Penyiasatan Suku Tahunan Akaun Negara Quarterly National Accounts Survey KEDIAMAN YANG DIDIAMI OLEH PEMILIK OWNER OCCUPIED DWELLINGS Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010 Population and Housing Census 2010 Penyiasatan Perbelanjaan Isi rumah Household Expenditure Survey PENDIDIKAN SWASTA PRIVATE EDUCATION KESIHATAN SWASTA PRIVATE HEALTH PERKHIDMATAN PERSENDIRIAN LAIN OTHER PRIVATE SERVICES Banci Ekonomi Perkhidmatan Pendidikan Census of Education Services Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Survey on Services Banci Ekonomi Perkhidmatan Kesihatan dan Kerja Sosial Census of Health and Social Work Services Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Survey on Services Penyiasatan Suku Tahunan Akaun Negara Quarterly National Accounts Survey SUT 2005/ 2005 SUT Agensi Kerajaan/ Government agency Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan Suku Tahunan Quarterly Survey on Services 81

107 SUMBER DATA DATA SOURCES PERKHIDMATAN KERAJAAN GOVERNMENT SERVICES Penyata Kewangan Kerajaan Persekutuan, Kerajaan Negeri, Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan dan Badan-badan Berkanun/ Financial statements of the Federal Government, State Government, Local Authorities and Statutory Bodies Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam/ Public Services Department Kumpulan Wang Persaraan (Diperbadankan) Retirement Fund Incorporated INSTITUSI BUKAN KEUNTUNGAN YANG BERKHIDMAT KEPADA ISI RUMAH NON-PROFIT INSTITUTION SERVING HOUSEHOLDS (NPISHs) SUT 2005/ 2005 SUT Akaun pertubuhan utama Main establishment data PERKHIDMATAN DOMESTIK BAGI ISI RUMAH DOMESTIC SERVICES TO HOUSEHOLDS Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010 The Population and Housing Census 2010 Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh Labour Force Survey DUTI IMPORT/ IMPORT DUTIES DUTI IMPORT IMPORT DUTIES Jabatan Akauntan Negara Malaysia Accountant General s Department of Malaysia Jabatan Kastam Diraja Malaysia Royal Malaysian Customs Department PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR KERAJAAN/ GOVERNMENT FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE ANGGARAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR KERAJAAN GOVERNMENT FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE Penyata Kewangan Kerajaan Persekutuan, Kerajaan Negeri, Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan dan Badan-Badan Berkanun Financial statements of the Federal Government, State Government, Local Authorities and Statutory Bodies PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR SWASTA/ PRIVATE FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE PERBELANJAAN PENGGUNAAN AKHIR SWASTA PRIVATE FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE Penyiasatan Perbelanjaan Isi rumah Household Expenditure Survey SUT 2005/ 2005 SUT Perangkaan Imbangan Pembayaran Balance of Payment Statistics Penyiasatan Suku Tahunan Akaun Negara Quarterly National Accounts Survey 82

108 SUMBER DATA DATA SOURCES Penyiasatan Perdagangan Edaran Bulanan Monthly Survey of Distributive Trade Banci dan Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan (Suku tahunan/ Tahunan/ Dwi-tahunan) Survey and Census of Services (Quarterly/ Annual/ Biennial) Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics Buku Tahunan Perangkaan/ Yearbook of Statistics Bank Negara Malaysia/ Central Bank of Malaysia Lembaga Penggalakan Pelancongan Malaysia Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board PEMBENTUKAN MODAL TETAP KASAR (PMTK)/ GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) PEMBENTUKAN MODAL TETAP KASAR (PMTK) GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) Penyata Kewangan Kerajaan Persekutuan, Kerajaan Negeri, Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan dan Badan-badan Berkanun/Financial statements of the Federal Government, State Government, Local Authorities and Statutory Bodies Penyiasatan Suku Tahunan Akaun Negara Quarterly National Accounts Survey Penyiasatan Tahunan bagi Perbadanan Awam Annual Survey on Public Enterprises Banci dan Penyiasatan Perkhidmatan (Suku tahunan/ Tahunan/ Dwi-tahunan) Survey and Census of Services (Quarterly/ Annual/ Biennial) Perangkaan Imbangan Pembayaran Balance of Payments Statistics Perangkaan Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics Bank Negara Malaysia Central Bank of Malaysia PERUBAHAN INVENTORI/ CHANGES IN INVENTORIES PERUBAHAN INVENTORI CHANGES IN INVENTORIES Penyiasatan Pembuatan Bulanan/ Monthly Manufacturing Survey Perangkaan Getah Tahunan, Malaysia Annual Rubber Statistics, Malaysia Penyiasatan Perdagangan Edaran Bulanan Monthly Survey of Distributive Trade 83

109 SUMBER DATA DATA SOURCES Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia Malaysian Palm Oil Board Jabatan Perkhidmatan Veterinar Department of Veterinary Services Akaun Kerajaan Persekutuan Federal Government Account BARANGAN BERHARGA/ VALUABLES BARANGAN BERHARGA VALUABLES Penyiasatan Perdagangan Edaran Bulanan Monthly Survey of Distributive Trade Penyiasatan Pembuatan Tahunan/ Bulanan Annual/ Monthly Manufacturing Survey EKSPORT DAN IMPORT/ EXPORTS AND IMPORTS EKSPORT DAN IMPORT EXPORTS AND IMPORTS Data Perdagangan Luar Negeri External Trade Statistics Perangkaan Imbangan Pembayaran Balance of Payments Statistics Bank Negara Malaysia Central Bank of Malaysia Lembaga Penggalakan Pelancongan Malaysia Malaysia Tourism Promotion Board Jabatan Imigresen Malaysia Department of Immigration Malaysia Borang Ikrar Kastam Customs Declarations Form 84

110 SEKSYEN 5: GLOSARI SECTION 5: GLOSSARY

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112 Glossary The following glossary of terms is drawn from 1993 & 2008 SNA A Account An account is a tool which records, for a given aspect of economic life, the uses and resources or the changes in assets and the changes in liabilities and/or the stock of assets and liabilities existing at a certain time. Accrual accounting Accrual accounting records flows at the time economic value is created, transformed, exchanged, transferred or extinguished, so flows which imply a change of ownership are entered when ownership passes, services are recorded when provided, output at the time products are created and intermediate consumption when materials and supplies are being used. Actual final consumption of general government Actual final consumption of general government is measured by the value of the collective consumption services provided to the community, or large sections of the community, by general government; it is derived from their final consumption expenditure by subtracting the value of social transfers in kind payable. Actual final consumption of households Actual final consumption of households is the value of the consumption goods acquired by households, whether by purchase or by transfer from government units or NPISHs, and used by them for the satisfaction of their needs and wants; it is derived from their final consumption expenditure by adding the value of social transfers in kind receivable. Ancillary activity An ancillary activity is a supporting activity undertaken within an enterprise in order to create the conditions within which the principal or secondary activities can be carried out. Asset An asset is a store of value representing a benefit or series of benefits accruing to the economic owner by holding or using the entity over a period of time. It is a means of carrying forward value from one accounting period to another. B Balance of payments The balance of payments is a statistical statement that systematically summarises, for a specific time period, the economic transactions of an economy with the rest of the world. Base period The period that provides the weights for an index is described as the base period. Basic price The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable, and plus any subsidy receivable, on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale; it excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer. C Cash accounting Cash accounting records only cash payments and record them at the times these payments occur. Central bank A central bank is the public financial corporation which is a monetary authority: that is, which issues banknotes and sometimes coins and may hold all or part of the international reserves of the country. Central government Central government is the body whose political authority extends over the entire territory of the country and which has the authority to impose taxes on all resident and non-resident units engaged in economic activities within the country. Centre of economic interest An institutional unit is said to have a centre of economic interest within a country when there exists some location within the economic territory of the country on, or from, which it engages, and intends to continue to engage, in economic activities and transactions on a significant scale, either indefinitely or over a finite but long period of time. Changes in inventories (including work-inprogress) Changes in inventories are measured by the value of the entries into inventories less the value of withdrawals and less the value of any recurrent losses of goods held in inventories during the accounting period. C.i.f. Price The c.i.f. price (i.e. cost, insurance and freight price) is the price of a good delivered at the frontier of the importing country, or the price of a service delivered to a resident before the payment of any import duties or other taxes on imports or trade and transport margins within the country. 85

113 Glossary Collective consumption service A collective consumption service is a service provided by general government simultaneously to all members of the community or to all members of a particular section of the community, such as all households living in a particular region. Compensation of employees Compensation of employees is the total remuneration, in cash or in kind, payable by an enterprise to an employee in return for work done by the latter during the accounting period. Computer software Computer software consists of computer programs, program descriptions and supporting materials for both systems and applications software. Constant prices Constant prices are obtained by directly factoring changes over time in the values of flows of goods and services into two components reflecting changes in the prices of the goods and services concerned and changes in their volumes (i.e. changes in "constant price terms"). Consumption Consumption is an activity in which institutional units use up goods or services; consumption can be either intermediate or final. Consumption of fixed capital Consumption of fixed capital represents the reduction in the value of the fixed assets used in production during the accounting period resulting from physical deterioration, normal obsolescence or nominal accidental damage. Cultivated assets Cultivated assets are livestock for breeding, dairy, draught, etc. and vineyards, orchards and other plantations of trees yielding repeat products that are under the direct control, responsibility and management of institutional units. Current account (balance of payments) The current account (balance of payments) shows details of goods and services, income, and current transfers. Current transfer A current transfer is a transaction in which one institutional unit provides a good, service or asset to another unit without receiving from the latter any good, service or asset directly in return as counterpart and does not oblige one or both parties to acquire, or dispose of, an asset. D Domestic output Domestic output is output produced by resident enterprises. Double deflation Double deflation is a method whereby gross value added is measured at constant prices by subtracting intermediate consumption at constant prices from output at constant prices. Durable goods Durable goods are one which may be used repeatedly or continuously over a period of more than a year, assuming a normal or average rate of physical usage. Disposable income Disposable income is the balancing item in the secondary distribution of income account. It is derived from the balance of primary incomes of an institutional unit or sector by adding all current transfers, except social transfers in kind, receivable by that unit or sector and subtracting all current transfers, except social transfers in kind, payable by that unit or sector. E Economic territory (of a country) The economic territory of a country consists of the geographic territory administered by a government within which persons, goods, and capital circulate freely. Economic territory (of an international organisation) The economic territory of an international organisation consists of the territorial enclave, or enclaves, over which it has jurisdiction; these consist of clearly demarcated areas of land or structures which the international organisation owns or rents and which it uses for the purposes for which the organisation was created by formal agreement with the country, or countries, in which the enclave or enclaves are physically located. Economically significant prices Prices are said to be economically significant when they have a significant influence on the amounts the producers are willing to supply and on the amounts purchasers wish to buy. Establishment An establishment is an enterprise, or part of an enterprise, that is situated in a single location and in which only a single (non-ancillary) productive activity is carried out or in which the principal productive activity accounts for most of the value added. 86

114 Glossary Expenditures Expenditures are the values of the amounts that buyers pay, or agree to pay, to sellers in exchange for goods or services that sellers provide to them or to other institutional units designated by the buyers. Excise duties Excise duties consist of special taxes levied on specific kinds of goods, typically alcoholic beverages, tobacco and fuels; they may be imposed at any stage of production or distribution and are usually assessed by reference to the weight or strength or quantity of the product. Export duties Export duties consist of general or specific taxes on goods or services that become payable when the goods leave the economic territory or when the services are delivered to non-residents; profits of export monopolies and taxes resulting from multiple exchange rates are excluded. Export taxes Export taxes consists of taxes on goods or services that become payable to government when the goods leave the economic territory or when the services are delivered to non-residents. Exports of goods Exports of goods consist of exports of the following items from residents to non- residents, generally with a change of ownership being involved: general merchandise, goods for processing, repairs on goods, goods procured in foreign ports by domestic carriers and non-monetary gold. Exports of services Exports of services consist of the following services provided by residents to non-residents: transportation; travel; communications; construction; insurance; financial; computer and information; royalties and licence fees; other business services; personal, cultural, and recreational services; and government services n.i.e. F Final consumption Final consumption consists of goods and services used by individual households or the community to satisfy their individual or collective needs or wants. Final consumption expenditure of government General government final consumption expenditure consists of expenditure, including expenditure whose value must be estimated indirectly, incurred by general government on both individual consumption goods and services and collective consumption services. Final consumption expenditure of households Household final consumption expenditure consists of the expenditure, including expenditure whose value must be estimated indirectly, incurred by resident households on individual consumption goods and services, including those sold at prices that are not economically significant and including consumption goods and services acquired abroad. Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs consists of the expenditure, including expenditure whose value must be estimated indirectly, incurred by resident NPISHs on individual consumption goods and services and possibly on collective consumption services. Financial auxiliaries Financial auxiliaries consist of financial corporations that are principally engaged in activities associated with transactions in financial assets and liabilities or with providing the regulatory context for these transactions but in circumstances that do not involve the auxiliary taking ownership of the financial assets and liabilities being transacted. Financial intermediaries Financial intermediaries are units which incur liabilities on their own account on financial markets by borrowing funds which they lend on different terms and conditions to other institutional units. Financial intermediation Financial intermediation is a productive activity in which an institutional unit incurs liabilities on its own account for the purpose of acquiring financial assets by engaging in financial transactions on the market. Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) Financial intermediation services indirectly measured (FISIM) is an indirect measure of the value of financial intermediation services provided but for which financial institutions do not charge explicitly. 87

115 Glossary Financial lease A financial lease is a contract between lessor and lessee whereby the lessor purchases a good that is put at the disposal of the lessee and the lessee pays rentals that enable the lessor, over the period of the contract to cover all or virtually all costs, including interest. Finished goods - inventories Inventories of finished goods consist of goods that are ready for sale or shipment by the producer but which are still held by the producer. Fixed asset - existing An existing fixed asset is one which has already been acquired by at least one resident user, or produced on own account, and whose value has, therefore, already been included in the gross fixed capital formation of at least one user at some earlier point in time in the current or some previous accounting period. F.o.b. price The f.o.b. price (free on board price) is the c.i.f. price less the costs of transportation, together with insurance charges, between the customs frontier of the exporting (importing) country and that of the importing (exporting) country. Functional classifications Functional classifications provide a means of classifying, by purpose or socio-economic objective, certain transactions of producers and of three institutional sectors - namely households, general government and non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). G General government The general government sector consists of the totality of institutional units which, in addition to fulfilling their political responsibilities and their role of economic regulation, produce principally non-market services (possibly goods) for individual or collective consumption and redistribute income and wealth. Goods Goods are physical objects for which a demand exists, over which ownership rights can be established and whose ownership can be transferred from one institutional unit to another by engaging in transactions on markets. Goods for resale - inventories Inventories of goods for resale are goods acquired by enterprises, such as wholesalers and retailers, for the purpose of reselling them without further processing (that is, not transformed other than by presenting them in ways that are attractive to the customer). Government final consumption expenditure Government final consumption expenditure consists of expenditure, including imputed expenditure, incurred by general government on both individual consumption goods and services and collective consumption services. Gross The term "gross" is a common means of referring to values before deducting consumption of fixed capital (generally used as in "gross capital stock" or "gross domestic product"). Gross capital formation Gross capital formation is measured by the total value of the gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables for a unit or sector. Gross domestic product (GDP) - expenditure based Consumption expenditure-based gross domestic product is total final expenditures at purchasers' prices, less the f.o.b. value of imports of goods and services. Gross domestic product (GDP) - income based Income-based gross domestic product is compensation of employees, plus taxes less subsidies on production and imports, plus gross mixed income, plus gross operating surplus. Gross domestic product (GDP) at output based Output-based gross domestic product is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at basic prices, plus all taxes less subsides on products. Gross domestic product (GDP) - market prices Gross domestic product at market prices is the sum of the gross values added of all resident producers at market prices, plus taxes less subsidies on imports. Gross fixed capital formation Gross fixed capital formation is measured by the total value of a producer's acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets during the accounting period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets (such as land or subsoil assets) realised by the productive activity of institutional units. 88

116 Glossary Gross national disposable income Gross national disposable income may be derived from gross national income by adding all current transfers in cash or in kind receivable by r e s i d e n t i n s t i t u t i o n a l u n i t s f r o m non-resident units and subtracting all current transfers in cash or in kind payable by resident institutional units to non-resident units. Gross national income (GNI) Gross national income (GNI) is the aggregate value of the gross balances of primary income for all sectors; (gross national income is identical to gross national product (GNP) as hitherto understood in national accounts generally). Gross saving Gross saving is gross disposable income less final consumption expenditure. Gross value added Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector. Gross value added at basic prices Gross value added at basic prices is output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers' prices. Gross value added at producers' prices Gross value added at producers' prices is output valued at producers' prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers' prices. H Holding gains Positive or negative holding gains may accrue during the accounting period to the owners of financial and non-financial assets and liabilities as a result of a change in their prices (holding gains are sometimes referred to as "capital gains"). Household A household is a group of persons who share the same living accommodation, who pool some, or all, of their income and wealth and who consume certain types of goods and services collectively, mainly housing and food. Household actual final consumption Household actual final consumption consists of the consumption goods or services acquired by individual households by expenditures or through social transfers in kind received from government units or non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs). Household final consumption expenditure Household final consumption expenditure consists of the expenditure, including expenditure whose value must be estimated indirectly, incurred by resident households on individual consumption goods and services, including those sold at prices that are not economically significant and including consumption goods and services acquired abroad. I Illegal production Illegal production is the production of goods or services whose sale, distribution or possession is forbidden by law; and production activities which are usually legal but which become illegal when carried out by unauthorised producers. The scope of illegal production varies depending on the laws in place in individual countries (e.g. prostitution is legal in some countries but illegal in others). Import duties Import duties consist of customs duties, or other import charges, that are payable on goods of a particular type when they enter the economic territory. Imports of goods Imports of goods consist of imports of the following items from non-residents to residents, generally with a change of ownership being involved; general merchandise, goods for processing, repairs on goods, goods procured in foreign ports by domestic carriers and non-monetary gold. Imports of services Imports of services consist of the following services purchased by residents from non-residents: transportation; travel; communications; construction; insurance; financial; computer and information; royalties and licence fees; other business services; personal, cultural, and recreational services; and government services n.i.e. Income Income is the maximum amount that a household, or other unit, can consume without reducing its real net worth. Income from abroad - net Net income from abroad is the difference between the total values of the primary incomes receivable from and payable to non-residents. 89

117 Glossary Income in kind received by employees Income in kind received by employees is measured by the value of the goods and services provided by employers to their employees in remuneration for work done. Industry An industry consists of a group of establishments engaged in the same, or similar, kinds of activity. Indirect taxes As traditionally understood, indirect taxes are taxes that supposedly can be passed on, in whole or in part, to other institutional units by increasing the prices of the goods or services sold. Insurance The activity of insurance is intended to provide individual institutional units exposed to certain risks with financial protection against the consequences of the occurrence of specified events; it is also a form of financial intermediation in which funds are collected from policyholders and invested in financial or other assets which are held as technical reserves to meet future claims arising from the occurrence of the events specified in the insurance policies. Intellectual property products Intellectual property products are the result of research, development, investigation or innovation leading to knowledge that the developers can market or use to their own benefit in production because use of the knowledge is restricted by means of legal or other protection. Interest Interest is a form of income that is receivable by the owners of certain kinds of financial assets, namely: deposits, debt securities, loans and (possibly) other accounts receivable for putting the financial asset at the disposal of another institutional unit Intermediate consumption Intermediate consumption consists of the value of the goods and services consumed as inputs by a process of production, excluding fixed assets whose consumption is recorded as consumption of fixed capital. Inventories Inventories consist of stocks of outputs that are still held by the units that produced them prior to their being further processed, sold, delivered to other units or used in other ways and stocks of products acquired from other units that are intended to be used for intermediate consumption or for resale without further processing. Inventories of finished goods Inventories of finished goods consist of goods that are ready for sale or shipment, but held by the producer. Inventories of goods for resale Inventories of goods for resale consist of goods acquired by enterprises, such as wholesalers and retailers, for the purpose of reselling them without further processing (that is, not transformed other than by presenting them in ways that are attractive to the customer). Inventories of materials and supplies Inventories of materials and supplies are goods that their owners intend to use as intermediate inputs in their own production processes, not to resell. Inventories of work-in progress Inventories of work-in progress consist of goods and services that are partially completed but that are not usually turned over to other units without further processing or that are not mature and whose production process will be continued in a subsequent period by the same producer. K Kind-of-activity unit A kind-of-activity unit is an enterprise, or a part of an enterprise, which engages in only one kind of (non-ancillary) productive activity or in which the principal productive activity accounts for most of the value added. L Land Land consists of the ground, including the soil covering and any associated surface waters, over which ownership rights are enforced and from which economic benefits can be derived by their owners by holding or using them. Land improvements Land improvements are the result of actions that lead to major improvements in the quantity, quality or productivity of land, or prevent its deterioration. Land under cultivation Land under cultivation is land on which agricultural or horticultural production is carried on for commercial or subsistence purposes, including, in principle, land under plantations, orchards and vineyards. 90

118 Glossary Laspeyres price index A Laspeyres price index is a weighted arithmetic average of price relatives using the values of the earlier period as weights. Laspeyres volume index A Laspeyres volume index is a weighted arithmetic average of quantity relatives using the values of the earlier period as weights. Legal entity Legal entity a legal or social entity is one whose existence is recognized by law or society independently of the persons, or other entities, that may own or control it. Livestock for breeding, dairy, draught, etc. Livestock for breeding, dairy, draught, etc consist of livestock that are cultivated for the products they provide year after year. Loans Loans are financial assets that are created when a creditor lends funds directly to a debtor, and are evidenced by documents that are not negotiable. Local government Local government units are institutional units whose fiscal, legislative and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes. M Machinery and equipment Machinery and equipment cover transport equipment, machinery for information, communication and telecommunications (ICT) equipment, and other machinery and equipment. Margin (trade) A trade margin is the difference between the actual or imputed price realised on a good purchased for resale (either wholesale or retail) and the price that would have to be paid by the distributor to replace the good at the time it is sold or otherwise disposed of. Market establishments Market establishments produce mostly goods and services for sale at prices which are economically significant. Market non-profit institutions serving businesses Market non-profit institutions serving businesses are created by associations of the businesses whose interests they are designed to promote and usually financed by contributions or subscriptions from the group of businesses concerned; the subscriptions are treated not as transfers but as payments for services rendered. Market output Market output consists of output intended for sale at economically significant prices. Market prices Market prices for transactions are the amounts of money willing buyers pay to acquire something from willing sellers. Market producers Market producers are establishments, all or most of whose output is market production. Market price equivalents Market price equivalents are proxies, or substitute measures, for market prices in those cases for which no actual market prices have been set; a customary approach is to construct such prices by analogy with known market prices established under conditions that are considered essentially the same. Materials and supplies inventories Inventories of materials and supplies are goods that their owners intend to use as intermediate inputs in their own production processes, not to resell. Mineral exploration Mineral exploration consists of the value of expenditures on exploration for petroleum and natural gas and for non-petroleum deposits. it includes prelicence costs, licence and acquisition costs, appraisal costs and the costs of actual test drilling and boring, as well as the costs of aerial and other surveys, transportation costs, etc, incurred to make it possible to carry out the tests. N National income At the level of the total economy, national income is the total value of the primary incomes receivable within the economy less the total of the primary incomes payable by resident units. Net domestic product (NDP) Net domestic product (NDP) is defined as gross domestic product (GDP) less the consumption of fixed capital. 91

119 Glossary Net primary income from abroad Net primary income from abroad is defined as the total value of the primary income receivable by an institutional unit or sector from abroad less the total of the primary income payable abroad. Net value added Net value added is the value of output less the values of both intermediate consumption and consumption of fixed capital. Non-durable good A non-durable good is one which is used up entirely in less than a year, assuming a normal or average rate of physical usage. Non-life insurance claims Non-life insurance claims are the amounts payable in settlement of damages that result from an event covered by a non-life insurance policy during the current accounting period. Non-life insurance premiums Non-life insurance premiums comprise both the actual premiums payable by policyholders to obtain insurance cover during the accounting period (premiums earned) and the premium supplements payable out of the property income attributed to insurance policyholders, but excluding social contributions. Non-market producers Non-market producers consist of establishments owned by government units or NPISHs that supply goods or services free, or at prices that are not economically significant, to households or the community as a whole. Non-profit institutions (NPIs) Non-profit institutions (NPIs) are legal or social entities created for the purpose of producing goods and services whose status does not permit them to be a source of income, profit or other financial gain for the units that establish, control or finance them. Non-profit institutions engaged in market production Non-profit institutions engaged in market production consist of those NPIs which charge fees determined by their costs of production and which are sufficiently high to have a significant influence on the demand for their services, but any surpluses such institutions make must be retained within those institutions as their status as "Non-profit institutions (NPIs)" prevents them from distributing them to others. Non-profit institutions engaged in non-market production Non-profit institutions engaged in non-market production are NPIs that are incapable of providing financial gain to the units which control or manage them, and which must rely principally on funds other than receipts from sales to cover their costs of production or other activities. Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) Non-profit institutions serving households (NPISHs) consist of non-market NPIs that are not controlled by government. Non-resident A unit is non-resident if its centre of economic interest is not in the domestic economic territory (i.e. it operates from abroad). Non-residential buildings Non-residential buildings are buildings other than dwellings, including fixtures, facilities and equipment that are integral parts of the structures and costs of site clearance and preparation. NPISH final consumption expenditure Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs consists of the expenditure, including imputed expenditure, incurred by resident NPISHs on individual consumption goods and services. O Operating lease An operating lease is one where the legal owner is also the economic owner and accepts the operating risks and receives the economic benefits from the asset by using it in a productive activity. Operating surplus Operating surplus is described as mixed income because it implicitly contains an element of remuneration for work done by the owner, or other members of the household, that cannot be separately identified from the return to the owner as entrepreneur. Output produced for own final use Output for own final use consists of products retained by the producer for his own use as final consumption or capital formation Output Output is defined as the goods and services produced by an establishment, excluding the value of any goods and services used in an activity for which the establishment does not 92

120 Glossary assume the risk of using the products in production, and excluding the value of goods and services consumed by the same establishment except for goods and services used for capital formation (fixed capital or changes in inventories) or own final consumption. Own - account producers Own - account producers consist of establishments engaged in gross fixed capital formation for the enterprises of which they form part or unincorporated enterprises owned by households all or most of whose output is intended for final consumption or gross fixed capital formation by those households. Own-account workers Own-account workers are self-employed persons without paid employees. P Paasche price index A Paasche price index is the harmonic average of price relatives using the values of the later period as weights. Paasche volume index A Paasche volume index is the harmonic average of volume relatives using the values of the later period as weights. Payments in kind other than remuneration in kind Payments in kind other than remuneration in kind occur when any of a wide variety of payments are made in the form of goods and services rather than money. Pension funds Pension funds are units established for purposes of providing benefits on retirement for specific groups of employees; they have their own assets and liabilities, and they engage in financial transactions in the market on their own account; these funds are organised, and directed, by individual private or government employers, or jointly by individual employers and their employees. Price The price of a good or service is defined as the value of one unit of that good or service. Price index A price index is an average of the proportionate changes in the prices of a specified set of goods and services between two periods of time. Primary incomes Primary incomes are incomes that accrue to institutional units as a consequence of their involvement in processes of production or ownership of assets that may be needed for purposes of production. Principal activity The principal activity of a producer unit is the activity whose value added exceeds that of any other activity carried out within the same unit. Producer's price A producer's price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any VAT, or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser; it excludes any transport charges invoiced separately by the producer. Production Production is an activity, carried out under the responsibility, control and management of an institutional unit, that uses inputs of labour, capital, and goods and services to produce outputs of goods and services. Production account The production account records the activity of producing goods and services as defined within the SNA. Production boundary The production boundary includes all production actually destined for the market, whether for sale or barter, all goods or services provided free to individual households or collectively to the community by government units or NPISHs, all goods produced for own use, own-account production of housing services and services produced by employing paid domestic staff. Property income Property income is the sum of investment income and rent. Purchaser s price The purchaser s price is the amount paid by the purchaser, excluding any VAT or similar tax deductible by the purchaser, in order to take delivery of a unit of a good or service at the time and place required by the purchaser. The purchaser s price of a good includes any transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to take delivery at the required time and place. 93

121 Glossary Purchasing power parity (PPP) A purchasing power parity (PPP) is defined as the number of units of B s currency that are needed in B to purchase the same quantity of individual good or service as one unit of A s currency will purchase in A. Q Quasi-corporations Quasi - corporations are unincorporated enterprises that function as if they were corporations, and which have complete sets of accounts, including balance sheets. R Real holding gains and losses A real holding gain (loss) is the amount by which the value of an asset increases (decreases) over the neutral holding gain for the period, in the absence of transactions and other changes in the volume of assets. Real interest Real interest is the difference between an actual payment of nominal interest and a payment equal to the loss of purchasing power on the monetary value of the principal during the accounting period. Reference rate of interest The reference rate of interest (to be used in allocating FISIM) is the pure cost of borrowing funds (i.e. a rate from which the risk premium has been eliminated to the greatest extent possible and which does not include any intermediation services). Remuneration in kind Remuneration in kind occurs when an employee accepts payment in the form of goods and services instead of money. Rent Rent is the income receivable by the owner of a natural resource (the lessor or landlord) for putting the natural resource at the disposal of another institutional unit (a lessee or tenant) for use of the natural resource in production. Rental The rental is the amount payable by the user of a fixed asset to its owner, under an operating lease or similar contract, for the right to use that asset in production for a specified period of time. Rents on subsoil assets Rents on subsoil assets are a form of property income; they consist of the payments made to the owners of the subsoil assets by institutional units permitting them to extract the subsoil deposits over a specified period. Research and development Research and development consists of the value of expenditures on creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. This does not extend to including human capital as assets within the SNA. Residence The residence of each institutional unit is the economic territory with which it has the strongest connection, in other words, its centre of predominant economic interest. Rest of the world The rest of the world consists of all non-resident institutional units that enter into transactions with resident units, or have other economic links with resident units. S Saving Saving represents that part of disposable income (adjusted for the change in pension entitlements) that is not spent on final consumption goods and services. Services Services are the result of a production activity that changes the conditions of the consuming units, or facilitates the exchange of products or financial assets. Single indicator method of deflation A single indicator method of deflation is a means of estimating the volume movements of value added directly using only one time series instead of double deflation. Social security schemes Social security schemes are schemes imposed and controlled by government units for the purpose of providing social benefits to members of the community as a whole, or of particular sections of the community. Social transfers in kind Social transfers in kind consist of goods and services provided to households by government and NPISHs either free or at prices that are not economically significant. 94

122 Glossary State government State governments are institutional units exercising some of the functions of government at a level below that of central government and above that of the governmental institutional units existing at a local level; they are institutional units whose fiscal, legislative and executive authority extends only over the individual "states" (often referred to as "provinces") into which the country as a whole may be divided. Subsidies Subsidies are current unrequited payments that government units, including non-resident government units, make to enterprises on the basis of the levels of their production activities or the quantities or values of the goods or services which they produce, sell or import. T Taxes on products Taxes on products, excluding VAT, import and export taxes, consist of taxes on goods and services that become payable as a result of the production, sale, transfer, leasing or delivery of those goods or services, or as a result of their use for own consumption or own capital formation. Taxes and duties on imports Taxes and duties on imports, excluding VAT, consist of taxes on goods and services that become payable at the moment when the goods cross the national or customs frontiers of the economic territory or when the services are delivered by non-resident producers to resident institutional units. Taxes on entertainment Taxes on entertainment consist of any taxes which are levied specifically on the entertainment itself (such as on an entry ticket) and which are not part of some broader tax such as a VAT. Taxes on imports Taxes on imports consist of taxes and duties on imports that become payable when goods enter the economic territory by crossing the frontier or when services are delivered to resident units by non-resident units. Taxes on international transactions Taxes on international transactions consist of taxes on travel abroad, foreign remittances, foreign investments, etc. except those payable by producers (such taxes payable by producers are part of taxes on production while those payable by non-producers are part of other current taxes). Taxes on land, buildings or other structures Taxes on land, buildings or other structures consist of taxes payable regularly, usually each year, in respect of the use or ownership of land, buildings or other structures utilised by enterprises in production, whether the enterprises own or rent such assets. Taxes on lotteries, gambling and betting Taxes on lotteries, gambling and betting consist of any taxes, other than taxes on winnings, which are levied on these types of operations; they are typically levied as a percentage of the operator s turnover. Taxes less subsidies on production Taxes less subsidies on production consist of taxes payable or subsidies receivable on goods or services produced as outputs and other taxes or subsidies on production, such as those payable on the labour, machinery, buildings or other assets used in production. Taxes on specific services Taxes on specific services consist of all taxes assessed on the payment for specific services such as taxes on transportation, communications, insurance, advertising, hotels or lodging, restaurants, entertainment, gambling and lotteries, sporting events, etc. Taxes on the use of fixed assets Taxes on the use of fixed assets include taxes levied periodically on the use of vehicles, ships, aircraft or other machinery or equipment used by enterprises for purposes of production, whether such assets are owned or rented. Time of acquisition The times at which goods and services are acquired are when the change of ownership occurs or the delivery of the services is completed. Time of recording Transactions between institutional units have to be recorded when claims and obligations arise, are transformed or are cancelled - that is, on an accrual basis. Total economy The total economy is defined as the entire set of resident institutional units. Total final consumption Total final consumption is the total value of all expenditures on individual and collective consumption goods and services incurred by resident households, resident NPISHs serving households and general government units. 95

123 Glossary Trade margin A trade margin is the difference between the actual or imputed price realised on a good purchased for resale (either wholesale or retail) and the price that would have to be paid by the distributor to replace the good at the time it is sold or otherwise disposed of. Trading gains and losses The trading gain or loss from changes in the terms of trade is the difference between real GDI and GDP in volume terms. Transfer A transfer is a transaction in which one institutional unit provides a good, service or asset to another unit without receiving from the latter any good, service or asset in return as a direct counterpart. Transport equipment Transport equipment consists of equipment for moving people and objects. Transport margins A transport margin consists of those transport charges paid separately by the purchaser in taking delivery at the required time and place. V Valuables Valuables are produced goods of considerable value that are not used primarily for production or consumption but are held as store of value over time. Value added - gross Gross value added is the value of output less the value of intermediate consumption; it is a measure of the contribution to GDP made by an individual producer, industry or sector. Wages and salaries Wages and salaries consist of the sum of wages and salaries in cash and wages and salaries in kind. Wages and salaries in cash Wages and salaries in cash consist of wages or salaries payable at regular weekly, monthly or other intervals, including payments by results and piecework payments; plus allowances such as those for working overtime; plus amounts paid to employees away from work for on holiday; plus ad hoc bonuses and similar payments; plus commissions, gratuities and tips received by employees. Wages and salaries in kind Wages and salaries in kind consist of remuneration in the form of goods and/or services that are not necessary for work and can be used by employees in their own time, and at their own discretion, for the satisfaction of their own needs or want or those of other members of their households. Work-in-progress Work-in-progress consists of output produced by an enterprise that is not yet sufficiently processed to be in a state in which it is normally supplied to other institutional units. Work-in-progress on cultivated biological resources Work-in-progress on cultivated biological resources consists of output that is not yet sufficiently mature to be in a state in which it is normally supplied to other institutional units. Volume index A volume index is an average of the proportionate changes in the quantities of a specified set of goods or services between two periods of time. W Weapons systems Weapon Systems include vehicles and other equipment such as warships, submarines, military aircraft, tanks, missile carriers and launchers, etc. are recognised as produced assets. 96

124 DISEMAK OLEH : TANDATANGAN :

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