Putting an end to fatalities: How behaviour-based safety can eliminate serious injuries and fatalities. Daryl Wake Senior Consultant 24 th May, 2016

Transcription

1 Putting an end to fatalities: How behaviour-based safety can eliminate serious injuries and fatalities Daryl Wake Senior Consultant 24 th May, 2016

2 Why is This So Important? Source: OGP Safety Performance Indicators 2013 Data

3 Comparison of Non-Fatal Injury Rates Source: International Labour Organisation,

4 Comparison of Fatality Rates Source: International Labour Organisation, HSE Statistics on fatal injuries in the workplace in Great Britain 2015.

5 The Safety Triangle IS Descriptive Incident Type Average Rate Serious Injury/Fatality Restricted/Loss Time Injury 0.30 Medical Treatment 0.98 Based on data, company populations, and using a basis of 100 employees cases in total studied.

6 What Is SIF Exposure? SIF Actual Life-Threatening Injury or Illness Life-Altering Injury or Illness Fatality SIF Potential Realistic/reasonable possibility Repeat exposure 100X One or two things change If not for luck Employee perspective SIF Exposure SIF Precursor Discovery Very few Actuals + many Potentials = SIF Exposure

7 The Safety Triangle IS NOT Predictive SIF LOST TIME A sub-set of all reported cases will have SIF exposure. A reduction of injuries across the bottom of the triangle and working outside of SIF triangle will not correspond to a proportionate reduction of SIFs. 21% Potentially SIF RESTRICTED DUTY MEDICAL CASES FIRST AID CASES NEAR-HITS

8 SIF Precursor High Risk Situation SIF Exposure 71% Routine Management Control(s) Absent Ineffective Not Complied With Allowed to Continue Culture Leadership SIF Precursor = a high-risk situation in which management controls are either absent, ineffective, or not complied with and which will result in a serious or fatal injury if allowed to continue.

9 FOUR THINGS ORGANISATIONS MUST DO 2015

10 Four Things Organisations Must Do 1. Educate Senior Leaders on SIF: They need to understand this problem before they can act on it. The solutions to the SIF problem require their attention. Enlist their sponsorship. 2. Provide Visibility to SIF Exposure: Define SI F: Life-Threatening vs. Life-Altering. Determine SIF Exposure Potential: Judgment-based versus Decision-tree. Calculate SIF Exposure Rate: SIF Recordable and SIF Total.

11 SIF Classification Scheme Sample Fatality or life altering injury resulted No Involves confined space, LOTO, PTW, work at height, fall > 2m, hot work No Yes Yes SIF potential Fire, explosion, or HazMat LOPC involved No Yes Struck by/caught between vehicle or powered equipment No Slip/trip/fall at ground level Not SIF Potential Yes Yes No Psychological stress is sole outcome Yes No Sprain/strain or other soft tissue injury is sole outcome No Not SIF Potential, but flag for further review

12 Four Things Organisations Must Do (continued) 3. Know Your SIF Precursors: Three places where they hide: 1. High Risk/High Exposure Tasks (71% Routine). 2. Management Systems Missing, Deficient, or Not Complied With. 3. Allowed to Continue. 4. Integrate Interventions into Existing SMS: Life Saving Safety Rules, Pre-Task Risk Assessments, Pausing Work, Incident Handling Systems (reporting, reaction, investigation, etc.), BBS processes

13 BBS SIF INTERVIEW AND OBSERVATION PROCESS FOUR ELEMENTS 2015

14 1. Defining A SIF-Specific Protection Checklist SIF Protection Verification Checklist Sources: Life Saving Rules Life Saving Processes Permitted Procedures Incidents Near Hit Reports BBS Data Category 4.4: Protection from exposure to falling into moving machinery or from height 4ft (e.g., ladders, platforms, docks)? The following behaviors and conditions are critical to preventing falls into moving machinery or from height 4ft. Absence of these behaviors and conditions lead to incidents that may be severe, life altering or life threating. INSTRUCTIONS: For each behavior or condition, mark Protected (P), Exposed (E), or N/O (Not Observed). # SIF Protection Measure P E N/O 1 Fall Protection Plan / Risk Assessment / JHA / JSA Posted P E N/O 2 Correct use of PFAS (includes all items below) 5000 lb rated anchor P E N/O Lanyard /anchor systems set to prevent contact P E N/O PFAS inspection current / in good condition P E N/O Body harness worn correctly P E N/O 3 6" Rule used P E N/O 4 OSHA approved barricades (handrail and toe board) or car top handrail system 5 Ladders used are approved and designed for use, inspected, safe working condition P E N/O P E N/O 6 Any floor and wall openings (over 12" x 12" x 4') are covered P E N/O 7 Employee uses 3 point contact when ascending or descending P E N/O 8 Body stays within rails (no leaning or reaching) P E N/O 9 Machine guarding in place P E N/O 10 Scaffold erected, inspected and approved by competent and qualified person Totals: P E N/O

15 2. Changing The Observation Strategy SIF Protection Verification Checklist Category 4.4: Protection from exposure to falling into moving machinery or from height 4ft (e.g., ladders, platforms, docks)? The following behaviors and conditions are critical to preventing falls into moving machinery or from height 4ft. Absence of these behaviors and conditions lead to incidents that may be severe, life altering or life threating. INSTRUCTIONS: For each behavior or condition, mark Protected (P), Exposed (E), or N/O (Not Observed). # SIF Protection Measure P E N/O 1 Fall Protection Plan / Risk Assessment / JHA / JSA Posted P E N/O 2 Correct use of PFAS (includes all items below) 5000 lb rated anchor P E N/O Lanyard /anchor systems set to prevent contact P E N/O PFAS inspection current / in good condition P E N/O Body harness worn correctly P E N/O 3 6" Rule used P E N/O Preventive Maintenance Calendar Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday 4 OSHA approved barricades (handrail and toe board) or car top handrail system 5 Ladders used are approved and designed for use, inspected, safe working condition P E N/O P E N/O Boiler Inspection Boiler Inspection Boiler Inspection Roof / Drain Roof / Gutter Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test Sprinkler Test Line Labeling Line Labeling Line Lableing Forklift Annual Forklift Annual Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger Hoist Inspect Hoist Inspect Hoist Inspect 6 Any floor and wall openings (over 12" x 12" x 4') are covered P E N/O 7 Employee uses 3 point contact when ascending or descending P E N/O 8 Body stays within rails (no leaning or reaching) P E N/O 9 Machine guarding in place P E N/O 10 Scaffold erected, inspected and approved by competent and qualified person P E N/O Totals:

16 3. Developing Your Observers To Be SIF Interviewers Credentials for SIF interviewers: Credible, well-respected by all employees. Skilled observers BBS observers, Supervisors, Managers, etc. Safety role models, influential. Excellent communicators, establishing rapport. Understand how organisational systems work. Ability to deal with sensitive situations. Interviewing Skills workshops Infield Coaching

17 4. Establishing Systems-Oriented Action Planning Barrier removal/action planning requires management interest, attention and investment Integration with / modification to existing systems. Upward feedback for barrier removal. Leadership support and involvement. Maintenance, repair, capital investments. Operational process modifications.

18 Contribution to The Hierarchy of Controls Elimination Complete redesign of the system to remove the exposure Substitution Switch out a process step with a less hazardous step; Use low voltage system versus high voltage; replace a toxic material with a non-toxic material Engineering Controls/Isolation Isolate hazard; install guards and/or interlocks; build barriers; use light curtain; develop new tool Administrative Controls Post signs and warning; Write procedures and rules Train employees Exposure Eliminated Exposure significantly reduced Exposure possible during maintenance operations or emergencies Exposure controlled IF employees rigorously comply and IF culture supports compliance and IF leadership maintains commitment to oversight Safety depends LEAST On employee Behaviour 4 5 Personal Protective Equipment Provide protective equipment for Employee (e.g., hard hats, respirators) Gimmicks; incentives; hollow threats Used when hazard is unpredictable or pervasive; control is dependent on proper selection and use. Employee seen as the cause of exposure and requiring motivation, no change in exposure Safety depends MOST On employee Behaviour

19 An offer The first 3 IOSH members who contact me will receive a Serious Injury & Fatality assessment of their 20 last recordable incidents And a copy of the Zero Index book

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