Construction Site Safety and Health Hazards September 25, 2013

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1 SMACNA Online Supervisor Safety Course Construction Site Safety and Health Hazards September 25, 2013 Jim Boom Directorate of Construction Occupational Safety and Health Administration

2 SMACNA Webinar Safe Work Practices September 25, 2013

3 Poll Question Are your primary work location(s) in a: Federal OSHA Plan State State OSHA Plan State Not Sure

4 Important to Know Applicable OSHA Standards and Regulations Federal Plan States State Plan States Construction Standards - 29 CFR 1926 (focus today) General Industry Standards 20 CFR 1910 Maritime Standards Shipyard Employment - 29 CFR 1915 Marine Terminals - 29 CFR 1917 Longshoring - 29 CFR 1918 Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA)

5 Directorate of Construction Standards Pre-rule Backing Operations

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7 Proposed Standards Affecting Construction Silica NPRM Announced 8/23/2013 Need more information?..go to OSHA s Website: Subpart V Power Transmission and Distribution Final Rule with OMB

8 Directorate of Construction Standards Update Confined Spaces

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13 Fatalities and Fatality Rates in Construction Fatalities Fatalities per 100,000 workers Source: 2012 BLS CFOI Data are Preliminary

14 Frequently Cited OSHA Standards In Construction All Construction - FY Fall Protection, General 2. Scaffolds, General Requirements 3. Ladders 4. Fall Protection, Training 5. Hazard Communication 6. Head Protection 7. Eye & Face Protection 8. Aerial Lifts 9. Wiring Methods 10.General Safety & Health Provisions

15 Top Ten Standards Cited Roofing, Siding, & Sheet Metal

16 Top Ten Standards Cited Plumbing & HVAC

17 Common Standards Cited In the Industry FALLS = 4 Training FALLS = 6 PPE Training

18 The Leading Causes of Construction Fatalities Cause Fatalities 2011 Fatalities 2012 FALL TO LOWER LEVEL STRUCK BY ELECTROCUTION CAUGHT IN/BETWEEN Source: 2011 and 2012 BLS CFOI Data Note: 2012 Data is Preliminary

19 Fall Down Airshaft Case. Control is the key in most multiemployer worksites. The Exposing Employer company of the worker who fell. The Creating Employer company that failed to cover the shaft once finished. The Controlling Employer the GC The Correcting Employer company that built the shaft cover.

20 New and Improved Conventional Fall Prevention Guardrail Systems Inside Here are properly installed guard/hand rails using a safety boot system to position the uprights installed during framing. 20

21 Personal Fall Arrest System Anchor Point 21

22 Safety Net Systems These nets have been positioned to prevent falls to the interior of the building. Employers should consult the manufacturer s instructions and/or a registered professional engineer to ensure proper installation of the net and bracing of the stud walls. 22

23 Educational Materials

24 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #1 - Image of Construction Need to change the image if we want to improve the system (especially safety and health) Management Consultant Presentation (.hard work, extreme weather, dirty, unsafe )

25 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #1 - Image of Construction

26 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #2 Unsafe vs Hazardous Construction work includes hazards such as working from heights, equipment and tools, use of chemicals, noisy areas, etc. But it is not unsafe unless the employer and employees allow it to be.

27 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #3 Reactive vs Proactive High Visibility Incident = Reaction Regulatory Agencies = Increased Enforcement News Media = Bad Public Relations Owners and GCs = Tougher Job Requirements

28 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #3 Reactive vs Proactive Recent Examples NY and FL Crane Accidents Las Vegas (City Center) Fatalities Las Vegas Hotel Fire (welding on the roof) Popcorn Flavorings GM Criteria for Contracts / Work Turner Construction Criteria for Jobsite Fines

29 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #4 Pre-Planning is Essential Identification of Hazards You can t avoid the accidents, incidents, injuries and illnesses if you don t know where the hazards are!!! Review Records for Trends Hazard Assessment Workplace Inspections Employee Input

30 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #4 Pre-Planning is Essential Conduct a job hazard analysis (JHA) Safety part of constructability reviews Prepare jobsite-specific safety and health programs (based on JHA)

31 Planning: Pre-Project and Pre-Task IDENTIFY NON-ROUTINE TASKS cranes confined spaces scaffolds skylights chemicals new equipment client produced hazards

32 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #5 - Accident Investigation (including near misses ) Best way to learn about successes and failures. Look at all possible causes. Don t ignore near hits someone could have been hurt or killed

33 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #6 Go Beyond Toolbox Talks It is important to take training to a higher level and include: hands-on training, formal (classroom) training, emergency drills and issue- specific training (as needed).

34 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #7 Prioritize Your Efforts Everyone is busy. Must make time for safety and health. Ways to prioritize your safety and health efforts Look at your OSHA Log / WC Records Most Frequently Cited OSHA Standards SMACNA Safety Survey (cuts and eye injuries) Frequent vs Severe (need to address FALLS)

35 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues Severity vs Frequency Frequent / Severe Falls Non Frequent / Severe Asbestos Exposure Electrocutions Frequent / Non Severe Cuts Eye Injuries Non Frequent / Non Severe Sprained Ankle

36 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #8 Recognize the Difference in General Industry (shops) and Construction It is important that your safety program treat these two differently

37 Industry Issues Injuries How do safety hazards differ and why? Fixed Locations vs Always Changing (dynamic) Locations Predictable vs Unpredictable Types of Machinery and Equipment Stable, Same Workers vs Numerous Contractors Other differences?

38 Industry Issues Injuries Fabrication Shops VS Construction Job Sites Why should we be concerned about the work environment? The hazards are different for each workplace and The hazards dictate the injuries!

39 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #9 Don t Forget Illnesses (health) Hidden Issues Noise, Chemical Exposure, Musculoskeletal Disorders, etc. No immediate affects

40 Top Ten List of Safety and Health Issues #10 Throw Away Your Written Safety Program (not really) Combine your safety and health procedures into your Operations Manual.

41 Poll Question Why Should Companies Have Safety and Health Programs? To Protect Workers To Be More Productive and Profitable OSHA Compliance

42 Trick Question All Answers are Correct To Protect Workers Main reason the morally right thing to do but effects the company bottomline as well To Be More Productive and Profitable This benefits everyone more work for all OSHA Compliance Standards set the minimum can always go above and beyond

43 Hidden Costs Exceed Costs for a Safety Culture Cost Iceberg Safety Culture >>> *********************** Injuries / Illnesses >>> Welfare of Workers >>> Property Damage >>> Lost Productivity >>> Citations / Fines >>> Increased WC $ >>> Lost Contracts >>> Bad Publicity >>>

44 Economic Burden of Occupational Injury and Illness in the U.S. Only about 30 percent of businesses have established safety and health programs. Establishing a safety and health program to prevent occupational injuries and illnesses is not only the right thing to do, it's the profitable thing to do. Studies have shown a $4 to $6 return for every dollar invested in safety and health.

45 Economic Burden of Occupational Injury and Illness in the U.S. Bottom line costs for fatal and nonfatal injuries $250 Billion Includes Direct and Indirect Costs WC costs estimated to be 25 percent of the total More than the cost of cancer for same the time period Paul J. Leigh, University of California, Davis

46 Economic Burden of Occupational Injury and Illness in the U.S. According to the 2012 Liberty Mutual Workplace Safety Index, the most disabling workplace injuries and illnesses amounted to more than $50 billion in direct U.S. workers' compensation costs in Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, (2012).

47 SAFETY LEADERSHIP IF YOU SEE SOMETHING SAY SOMETHING!

48 Management Guidelines Management Commitment - goals, policies, procedures Employee Involvement structure and operations of the program Worksite Analysis hazard identification, pre-planning, etc. Hazard Prevention and Control eliminate or control hazards Safety and Health Training - understand the hazards and the exposures, and how to prevent harm.

49 Common Traits Found In Good Safety and Health Management Systems Rigorous Owner/Builder Site Safety Inspection Program Hazard Reporting System Open communication links to get hazards corrected for those responsible Time line for fixing hazards w/interim protections provided Established formal inspection program for contractor operations. For example: Require safety inspections as often as necessary but no less than once a week for construction. Most require documentation More than a check list.

50 Contractor Oversight Prequalification Established Prequalification Standards (sub-contractor pre-planning) Written S&H program review OSHA 300 log history review OSHA citation history Insurance EMR Can they get a bond Certificates of Insurance References

51 Leading Indicators of Management Support Starts with senior management commitment Supports the company s safety and health management system or I2P2 Example: Ensures adequate funding Leads by example Example: Team member in site safety audits Accident/incident review Participation in company safety functions Safety days, employee appreciation, safety tool box meetings

52 Mid- Level Management Role of Supervisor (the bridge between management and workers) Be familiar with company safety program Lead by example (same as upper mgmt) Be involved in the pre-planning process Conduct hazard identification (pro-active) Don t ignore near hits or near misses Listen to the workers!

53 Contractor Oversight Site Inspections Established formal inspection program for contractor operations. For example: Require safety inspections as often as necessary but no less than once a week for construction. May require documentation More than a check list.

54 Contractor Oversight Training Required jobsite safety and health training and orientation Provide orientation for all new employees or employees that have been away from the job for extended period Sharing of information and training from lessons learned resulting from site accidents Invite workers to conduct training Pre-task/Pre-use training Training records be kept on file

55 Resources OSHA Website great webpages by topic including small businesses and construction. SMACNA Website safety webpage with a variety of information including model programs SMACNA Safety Listserve over 150 users share questions and answers Contact Mike McCullion SMACNA mmccullion@smacna.org Silica Program Developer CPWR webpage

56 Questions Submitted Prior to the Webinar Q: Does OSHA have one resource that provides a list of required PPE for each standard? (if not, maybe OSHA should develop one)

57 Questions Submitted Prior to the Webinar Q: Can I replace the end of an extension cord with an after-market component? (How extensive can I repair extension cords?)

58 Questions Submitted Prior to the Webinar Q: What is OSHA s stance on drug testing in the construction industry? (Does OSHA support developing programs?)

59 Questions Submitted Prior to the Webinar Q: What can we do if the General Contractor does not support OUR safety and health program rules and requirements? (ours may be more strict than what they want)

60 Questions Submitted Prior to the Webinar Q: Why are there varying minimum height requirements for when fall protection is required? (some jurisdictions are 8 feet while others are 6 or 4 feet)