BEYOND THE 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN: EXPERIENCES IN EUROPEAN FLOODPLAINS UNDER THE FLOODS DIRECTIVE

Transcription

1 BEYOND THE 100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN: EXPERIENCES IN EUROPEAN FLOODPLAINS UNDER THE FLOODS DIRECTIVE Anna Serra-Llobet G. Mathias Kondolf University of California, Berkeley - 10 March 2014 Association of State Wetland Managers - Webinar

2 Index About the EU Flood Management Policy Instruments at EU level Comparing the EU & the US Conclusions

3 PART 1 About the EU

4 What s the European Union? A b o u t t h e E U The EU is a unique economic and political partnership between 28 European countries that together cover much of the continent.

5 What s the European Union? A b o u t t h e E U Member States: 6 in in 2013 Regions: >270 Inhabitants: >507 millions Official languages: 25 Currency: in 20 MS

6 Who is who in the European Union? A b o u t t h e E U European Commission José Manuel Barroso European Parliament Council of the EU European Council High Representative for Foreign Affairs Martin Schulz Antonis Samaras (Greece) Herman Van Rompuy Catherine Ashton

7 Legislative procedure (the institutional triangle) A b o u t t h e E U Council Commission (proposes legislation) EU (co-decision) Parliament Legislation implemented in Member States

8 The body of the EU law: Acquis Communautaire A b o u t t h e E U Primary legislation Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (while existed) (ECSC) Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) Secondary legislation Regulations Directives Decisions Recommendations and opinions Case-law

9 PART 2 Flood Management Policy Instruments at a EU level

10 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) EU Water Policy The Blueprint to Safeguard Europe s Water Resources (2012)

11 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s 1 Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) EU Water Policy

12 EU Environmental Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s 1970-nowadays First European water directives, mainly focused on water quality. Water management according to administrative or political boundaries. Recent economic, political and social changes related to European water management launched a radical reform of water legislation in the EU. This process ended with the creation of the Water Framework Directive in 2000 and the Floods Directive in 2007.

13 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive (2000) Goal Protecting all water bodies, including transitional waters and coastal waters. Covering all impacts on waters. Achievement of good status in all water bodies and no deterioration of status (by 2015). River Basin

14 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive Main objective: Good status in 2015 Ecological status (for surface water) Chemical status (for surface / ground water) Quantitative status (for ground water) No deterioration of the status Objectives: preventing and reducing pollution, promoting sustainable water usage, environmental protection improving aquatic ecosystems mitigating the effects of floods and droughts. Good status 2015 WFD years approach

15 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive Key elements: Ecological status River Basin Exemptions Achievement of good status in all water bodies and no deterioration of status (by 2015).

16 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive Key elements: (1) Ecological Status What is good ecological status? The WFD classification scheme for water quality includes five status classes: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. The definition of ecological status takes into account specific aspects of the biological quality elements, for example composition and abundance of aquatic flora or composition, abundance and age structure of fish fauna (see WFD Annex V Section 1.1 for the complete list). The Ecological Status Concept

17 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive Key elements: (2) River Basin WFD requires water management by river basin - the natural geographical and hydrological unit - instead of according to administrative or political boundaries. The River Basin Concept Country 1 Country 2 Country 3

18 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive Key elements: (3) Some exemptions to 2015 deadline allowed for socio-economic considerations Permitted Exemptions If technical infeasibility or disproportionately expensive to achieve good status by 2015 can: Delay to 2021 or 2027, or Lower objectives. Artificial or heavily modified bodies of water, have to achieving good ecological potential (lower objective) and good surface water chemical status by 2015.

19 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive River Basin Management Plans years approach WFD River Basin Assessment River Basin Districts

20 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive 1 River Basin Districts

21 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive 2 River Basin Assessment 3 River Basin Management Plans RBMP adopted Consultation have not started or ongoing (20 Sept 2013)

22 Summer 2002 flood of the Middle Elbe (Germany) (Source: SCIENCE DAILY / Photo: André Künzelmann/UFZ)

23 Since 1998 floods in Europe have caused some 700 deaths, the displacement of about half a million people and at least 25 billion in insured economic losses Summer 2002 flood of the Middle Elbe (Germany) (Source: SCIENCE DAILY / Photo: André Künzelmann/UFZ)

24 Water Framework Directive was not enough WFD 2000

25 WFD 2000 Water Framework Directive was not enough Need for a Floods Directive!

26 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s 2 Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) EU Water Policy

27 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Best Practices on Flood Prevention, Protection and Mitigation (2004) Flood events are part of nature Society has become more vulnerable to natural hazards (exposure to risk and vulnerability in flood-prone area have been growing constantly) The probability of flooding is expected to increase Flood protection is never absolute Mitigation and non-structural measures should be enhanced according to this new approach. However, structural measures (defense structures) will remain important elements in flood management in Europe. But, the concept of residual risk, including potential failure or breach, should therefore be taken into consideration. Rivers don t recognize national borders: river basin management approach

28 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Flood Directive The Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risk entered into force on 26 November Objective: to reduce and manage risks which floods pose to human health, the environment, infrastructure and property years cycle FD 2007

29 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Flood Directive Flood Risk Management Plans 2 FD Flood Hazard & Risk Maps The Directive defines a 3-stage approach, which is to be repeated in a cyclic process. Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment 2011

30 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 1 Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (art 4-5) 2011 Key issues: Information on past floods systematic collection of related information on past floods in reporting of this step (e.g. historical maps) Assessment of man-made flood defence structures Consideration of the impact of climate change on the occurrence of floods Result: Identification of areas of potential significant flood risk

31 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 1 Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (art 4-5) 2011 Results: Areas of potential significant flood risk (e.g. Inland Basins in Catalonia, Spain)

32 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 2 Flood Hazard & Risk Maps (art 6) 2013 Key issues: Flood hazard maps 3 Scenarios: High probability Medium probability ( 100 years RP) Low probability, where appropriate Normal stream flow Elements: the flood extent water depths or water level, as appropriate where appropriate, the flow velocity or the relevant water flow e.g. Spain Ordinary flood 10-year flood 100-year flood 500-year flood

33 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 2 Flood Hazard & Risk Maps (art 6) 2013 Key issues: Flood risk maps Elements: Maps showing population, economic activities, and the environment at potential risk from flooding. Other information which the Member State considers useful such as the indication of areas where floods with a high content of transported sediments and debris can occur and information on other significant sources of pollution. (climate change, growing population, ) Normal stream flow e.g. Spain Ordinary flood 10-year flood 100-year flood 500-year flood

34 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 2 Flood Hazard & Risk Maps (art 6) 2013 Results: Flood Hazard Maps Flood prone area 10, 100, 500 RP Flood Risk Maps Flood prone area + land use maps (population, economic activities & environment at risk)

35 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 2 Flood Hazard & Risk Maps (art 6) 2013 Approach: Handbook on good practice on flood mapping in Europe. Although these documents do not constitute any form of guidance on how the requirements of the Directive can be fulfilled, neither do they necessarily express the views of the European Commission, they give an insight in current practices across the EU.

36 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 3 Flood Risk Management Plans (art 7) 2015 Key issues : Member States shall establish: appropriate objectives for the management of flood risks and include measures for achieving those objectives focusing on the reduction of potential adverse consequences of flooding and, if considered appropriate, on non-structural initiatives and/or on the reduction of the likelihood of flooding. shall address all aspects of flood risk management focusing on prevention, preparedness and protection

37 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 3 Flood Risk Management Plans (art 7) 2015 Key issues : shall take into account relevant aspects such as : costs and benefits, areas which have the potential to retain flood water, such as flood plains, the environmental objectives of Article 4 of Directive 2000/60/EC, nature conservation and water management, soil, spatial planning and land use, navigation and port infrastructure.

38 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Water Policy Floods Directive Water Framework Directive PFRMs Flood Maps FRMPs RBMPs (Article 4. NWRM) Better Env. Options for FRM National EU legislation Legislation transposed and implemented Spatial Planning EU Nature Conservation Policy (Soil Strategy, Biodiversity, GI, Habitats, Forest Strategy, Renewable Energy, ) EU Common Agriculture Policy EU Climate Change Policy EU Coastal Zones Policy EU Cohesion Policy EU Research

39 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive 3 Flood Risk Management Plans (art 7) 2015 Key issues : may also include the promotion of : sustainable land use practices, improvement of water retention the controlled flooding of certain areas in the case of a flood event. Solidarity clause measures cannot be taken by a MS which increase flood risk up or downstream

40 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary Flood Risk Management Plans Integrated Flood Risk Management River Basin Confederations Preparation Flood emergency plans Urbanism Department Prevention Land use management Event Civil Protection & Communication Civilians Response 1. Prel. Flood Risk Assessment 2. Flood Hazard & Risk Maps 3. FRM Plans (choose measures) TRADITIONAL FLOOD MGM MEASURES: Structural measures (+CBA) + Nonstructural measures (water proofing,, ) Protection (=US Mitigation) NATURAL FLOOD MGM MEASURES (natural water retention measures): Reforestation Restoration or rehabilitation of water courses, floodplains and wetlands Increasing soil retention and groundwater recharge Sustainable urban drainage systems (urban green infrastructure) Emergency coordination center Insurance Companies Recovery & Rehabilitation Insurance

41 Summary P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Flood Risk Management Plans Integrated Flood Risk Management Urbanism Civil Protection River Basin Confederations Insurance Companies

42 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s River Basin Mgmt Plans 2015, 2021, Flood risk assessment Flood Risk Management Plans every 6 year after River Basin Management Plans 2013, 2019, 2011, 2017, Flood hazard & risk mapping

43 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive The EU Insurance System There is no EU Insurance Program Insurance systems are different in each MS E.g. Spain Consorcio de Compensación de Seguros (national funds for disaster relief) Insurance promotion at flood risk areas Subsidies for farming and agriculture

44 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive Coordination (art 8 and 9) Article 8 : Coordination in the river basin districts RBD, National, shared between EU member States and shared with third countries. If coordination fails conflict resolution mechanism. Article 9 : Coordination and synchronisation with the WFD Flood Hazard and Risk Maps Characterisation of the RBD (Art 5) Flood Risk Management Plans River Basin Management Plans (Art 13)

45 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive Public information, consultation, reporting (art 9, 10, 15) Three main products shall be made available to the public & be made available to the Commission (website: WISE!) Active involvement of interested parties in preparation of the plans Public participation for the plans shall be coordinated as appropriate with the WFD Timetable for consultation ( ) Main issues ( ) Draft FRMP for consultation ( )

46 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Information System for Europe (WISE)

47 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Floods Directive viewer (under construction)

48 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Spain Flood Directive Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables (Source: SMAAMA, 2013) Flood hazard & risk mapping

49 Catalonia, Spain Flood prone zones 500RP Potentially flooded areas (Residual Risk) Risk Maps Civil Protection Catalonia Website: This website includes different kind of risks: technological, natural,

50 UK If you click on the map you know the level of risk and what you are supposed to do Flood Maps Environment Agency UK Website:

51 UK

52 UK

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54 The Netherlands Risk Maps (Risicokaart), Rijswaterstaad Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment Website:

55 The Netherlands Flood Risk Map (The Netherlands) Individual risk map (not online): From USACE, 2011 Report available at: R-08.pdf

56 Catalonia, Spain Individual + economic risk map (available online): Flood Risk Map (Catalonia, Spain) Flood Hazard Map Flood risk map Local emergency plan by river basin by municipality by municipality Flood prone area 500 RP Very high High Medium Medium low Compulsory Recommended

57 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Water Framework Directive GOAL: Member States must aim to achieve good ecological and chemical status by Good status by 2015?

58 The achievement of the EU ambitious water policy goals appears far from being complete by 2015 (European Environment Agency, 2010) WFD in 2010

59 WFD in 2010 The achievement of the EU ambitious water policy goals appears far from being complete by 2015 (European Environment Agency, 2010) The 2012 Blueprint to Safeguard Europe's Water Resources

60 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Water Policy 3 The Blueprint to Safeguard Europe s Water Resources (2012)

61 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s The Blueprint The Blueprint will synthesise policy recommendations in order to provide the knowledge base to develop the policy options that can deliver better implementation, better integration and completion of EU water policy. Among these options, focus is be given to water-related green infrastructure measures, also called natural water retention measures.

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63 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s The Blueprint Natural water retention measures consist of: reforestation the restoration or rehabilitation of water courses, floodplains and wetlands sustainable urban drainage systems (urban green infrastructure) increasing soil water retention and groundwater recharge The objective is to slow down or reduce the flow of water downstream leading to a more natural flow regime within a catchment.

64 EU Water Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s The Blueprint Time horizon 2020, longer time span up to 2050 EU 2020 Strategy : A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in Europe (Resource Efficiency Roadmap)

65 WATER POLICY & the EU CRISIS Who is going to pay for it?

66 Who is going to pay for it? WATER POLICY & the EU CRISIS Different mechanisms: Member States (national funds) EU Common Agricultural Policy Structural and Cohesion Funds

67 EU Common Agricultural Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s CAP Pillar 1 Pillar 2

68 EU Common Agricultural Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Market and price support policies Pillar 1 Direct Payments Direct subsidy payment for crops and land which may be cultivated with price support mechanisms, including guaranteed minimum prices, import tariffs and quotas on certain goods from outside the EU cross-compliance CAP Pillar 2

69 EU Common Agricultural Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Cross-compliance (since 2005) Cross compliance is a mechanism that links direct payments to compliance by farmers with basic standards concerning the environment, food safety, animal and plant health and animal welfare, as well as the requirement of maintaining land in good agricultural and environmental conditions. The obligation of keeping land in Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions refers to a range of standards related to soil protection, maintenance of soil organic matter and structure, avoiding the deterioration of habitats, and water management.

70 EU Common Agricultural Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Pillar 1 CAP Pillar 2 Rural Development The Rural Development Regulation payments linked to nature conservation can be used to compensate farmers for income losses incurred due to the establishment of floodplain areas or the restoration of hydro-morphological structures Agri-environmental measures

71 Flood prevention at Linnich-Körrenzig-Rur (Germany) ( Source: Flood-wise.eu)

72 EU Common Agricultural Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s The 2012 CAP reform Link with river restoration: The 2012? CAP reforms offer several possibilities for flood prevention, especially under the second pillar. Coastal wetlands and agriculture in Basses d en Coll (Spain) ( Source: blog.costabravas.fr)

73 EU Cohesion Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Funds The European Regional Development Fund The European Social Fund The Cohesion Fund Flood management The mission: to strengthen economic, social and territorial cohesion by reducing disparities between the levels of development of regions and countries of the European Union

74 EU Cohesion Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Urban and Regional Planning Interreg IV ( ) Link with river restoration: Cross-border flood mitigation represents one important aspect of the Interreg initiative.

75 Sustainable Development of Floodplains Project ( Source:

76 EU Cohesion Policy P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Urban and Regional Planning Interreg IV ( ) e.g. Sustainable Development of Floodplains (SDF) Project (jan2003-june2008). The SDF involves transnational co-operation and interaction between Germany and the Netherlands that deals with flood prevention and nature development along the Rhine.

77 The SDF project is investing $32 million in relocating dykes, creating new polders, side channels, and in nature development.

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79 PART 3 Comparing Flood Management Practices in the EU and the US

80 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU > 2000 years managing floods Only 6 years at a EU level 2000 Water Framework Directive 2007 Floods Directive EXPERIENCE 533AD Roma Water Law 1824 USACE involved in flood control US > 200 years managing floods 189 years at a Federal level

81 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary Flood Damage Reduction Flood Risk Management FLOOD MANAGEMENT PARADIGMS US Unified National Program for Managing Flood Losses (UNP) (revised 1979, 1994) Implied a drastic change in flood control policies in the US towards unified federal policy for managing floodplains. In order to redirect federal involvement in flood defence from structural control to a holistic floodplain management approach.

82 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary Preparation Prevention Protection FLOOD RISK MGMT APPROACH & AGENCIES EU RBD: River Confederations (or Water Agencies) & Civil Protection Integrated Flood Risk Event Management Response Flood Risk Assessment, Flood Hazard & Risk Maps, Flood Risk Mgmt Plans & Communication Recovery & Rehabilitation Preparation Mitigation (Failure) Risk Assessment (USACE Levee & Dam Safety Program) USACE & FEMA Event US Response Some Flood Hazard Mapping, Planning & Communication? Recovery

83 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU WFD (goals for water management) Protecting all water bodies, including transitional waters and coastal waters. Covering all impacts on waters. Achievement of good status in all water bodies and no deterioration of status (by 2015). FD (goals flood risk management) to reduce and manage risks which floods pose to human health, the environment, infrastructure and property. GOALS US UNP (co-equal goals for floodplain management) reduce loss of life and property from flooding reduce loss of natural and beneficial resources from unwise land use.

84 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU WFD/FD (goals flood risk management) River Basin Country 1 UNIT OF MANAGEMENT Administrative State X Country 2 Country 3 US

85 Summary UNIT OF MANAGEMENT P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s State 1 State 2 Map of Mid-Atlantic River Basin Commissions (Photo USACE) Some exceptions US Mid-Atlantic River Basin Commissions: Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin (1940) Delaware River Basin Commission (1961) Susquehanna river basin commission (1971) Regional Flood Risk Management Team (2009) for the Upper Mississippi Upper Colorado River Commission (1948)

86 Summary APPROACH & LEGISLATION P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Top-down Floods Directive (2007) 2015 Flood Management Plans Flood risk assessment 6 years approach Flood Hazard & Risk Maps US Top-down National Flood Insurance Program (1968) Updated 1986,1994, 2012 Flood Hazard Mapping Avoid new developments in floodplains Communication of Flood Risk to People living in floodplains Keep people away from risk

87 Summary APPROACH & LEGISLATION P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Top-down Floods Directive (2007) 2015 Flood Management Plans Flood risk assessment 6 years approach Flood Hazard & Risk Maps Top-down US National Flood Insurance Program (1968) Flood Hazard Mapping But how about people living in flood prone areas? Updated 1986,1994, 2012

88 Summary APPROACH & LEGISLATION P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Top-down Floods Directive (2007) 2015 Flood Management Plans Flood risk assessment 6 years approach Flood Hazard & Risk Maps Top-down US National Flood Insurance Program (1968) Flood Hazard Mapping Floodplain Management Regulations (Hazard Mitig. Assistance Program) Flood Insurance Updated 1986,1994, 2012 Adopted an insurance standard of 1/100yr flood

89 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary Top-down EU Floods Directive (2007) Flood Management Plans years approach Flood Hazard & Risk Maps APPROACH & LEGISLATION Flood risk assessment 2011 Bottom-up US National Flood Insurance Program (1968) Flood Insurance Floodplain Management Regulations (Hazard Mitig. Assistance Program) Flood Hazard Mapping Updated 1986,1994, 2012 Adopted an insurance standard of 1/100yr flood

90 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary Top-down EU Floods Directive (2007) Flood Management Plans years approach Flood Hazard & Risk Maps APPROACH & LEGISLATION Flood risk assessment 2011 Bottom-up US National Flood Insurance Program (1968) Flood Insurance Floodplain Management Regulations (Hazard Mitig. Assistance Program) Flood Hazard Mapping Updated 1986,1994, 2012 Flood maps are a key element for flood risk management Adopted an insurance standard of 1/100yr flood

91 EU Flood Maps (e.g. Ter River, Spain) Current flood risk (including residual risk) Flood Hazard Maps Flood prone zones 500RP F l o o d m a p s 10RP 100RP 500RP Flood Risk Maps (potential economic, human, env. losses) Potentially flooded areas (Residual Risk) Future flood risk (cc, demog.) These are the maps required for all EU territory & have to be updated every 6 years 10RP 100RP 500RP by municipality

92 US Flood Maps required in the US Flood Hazard Map NONE F l o o d m a p s (optional) If you don t want to join NFIP or 100RP (optional) If you want to join NFIP 200RP (exceptional) e.g. California Flood Risk Maps (optional) (potential economic and human losses) 500RP (optional) These are the only maps required in the US & many are not updated

93 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU FLOOD MAPS & GUIDELINES Different for each country (sometimes different even within countries) US The same for all US

94 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU? FLOOD MAPS VIEWERS US

95 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU FLOOD MAPS VIEWERS US

96 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU FLOOD MAPS & FLOOD MGM MEASURES Preparation Prevention Land Use Management Protection Event Response Flood Risk Assessment, Mapping, Planning & Communication Rehabilitation Recovery US

97 Summary FLOOD MAPS & PREVENTION (LAND USE PLANNING) P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s EU Direct link with flood maps (sometimes) Different approaches in different member states (e.g. Catalonia, Spain) Floodplain (500yRP) No urbanization at the floodplain! collective activities constructions for agriculture and farming hydraulic infrastructures All activities at the floodplains need a risk management plan US No link with flood maps Image credit: Jeesica Ludy

98 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU FLOOD MAPS & FLOOD MGM MEASURES Preparation Flood Risk Emergency Plans Prevention Protection Event Response Flood Risk Assessment, Mapping, Planning & Communication Rehabilitation Recovery US

99 P o l i c y I n s t r u m e n t s Summary EU Different approaches in different member states Example: Catalonia, Spain FLOOD MAPS & PREVENTION (LAND USE PLANNING) Direct link with flood maps National emergency plan Regional emergency plan Flood Hazard Map Flood risk map Local emergency plan US No link with flood maps There are no flood emergency plans Exceptions: San Joaquin County

100 Conclusions

101 Shift in thinking Conclusions WFD and the FD have promoted a shift in thinking in the way water & floods are managed in Europe, with a new integrated approach at a river basin scale.

102 Problems Conclusions However, these Directives do not call for specific measures to be taken. The way in which water/flood management is handled strongly depends on the national approaches. At a national level we can see very different approaches to implement EU Floods Directive.

103 Flood mapping Conclusions While the US was ahead of Europe as a whole in floodplain mapping through the 20 th century, the EU member states have arguably pulled ahead of the US in some significant ways since adoption of the EU Floods Directive in 2007.

104 Flood mapping Conclusions Flood mapping and flood risk management plans are evolving significantly in the EU, and may provide compelling models for flood risk management and communication in a holistic way. The EU experience may provide insights to inform the ongoing efforts to address flood risk in the US.

105 For more information:

106 Thank you!