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15 3 (" #(4.((...(# ) * (+,$ -./ 0#(1 (# References X8 I(dgjy) k S* I Z?. )? *#& Z H ) I*2 2 a! + ( I#A <% 56$ <,' "7$ H! * #9 YZ!! + ( I)<,$ U! 5U!,G < -8G@ + # I(dgn=)!<4 C I HoC. e ( H ) I*2 2 a = #< (#A <% <U,.+8 #) )#*+ [%G + DL # I(dgnf) m I/Y. ; 2 I% 4 C :w I)#,A. #, :+ Ž #< - )79: <,L I(dgnf) I[+ B )( /<a] /+ 2.& -4% )79: #%P8 $ )*;# $ 9A Y # I(dgn>) %C I 4.* ND )( C I-&8*#.. #< #A <% 23 I(dgji) 9 I%. )? H ) I*2 2 a! + ( I< G -&8*# XJ $%(%$ *@ "7$ )# <,L )79: \N YZ! # I(dgnj) { I(m*.B XJ "7$ H! $ )*;# 9A Y I<% 23 4% 56$ ( G,<!ZB H ) I*2 2 a! + ( dgj= I-< : I(0 +*?!<3) I)<,$ U! I(dinh) -b I+ I(dgn>) \Z3 I/+ #< #A <% <,L 56$ "7$ H! 9A Y # I#A <% 5&?- #< $%(%$ +7$?*!ZB H ) I*2 2 a! + ( Ajzen, I. and Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding Attitude and Predicting Social Behavior, Englewood Cliffs,NJ; Prentice- Hall. American Psychiatric Association (1999). Substance Abuse and Addiction, Retrieved from Internet: Psych.org/public- info/substance July 17,

16 % &'! "# $ Beyer, B.K. (1995). Critical Thinking, Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, (pp.8). Indiana: Bloomington. Bohner, G. Wanke, M. (2002). Attitude and Attitude, Chancge, USA. Psychology Press. Botvin, G., Griffin, K.W., Diaz, T., Ifill - Williams, C. & Epstein, J.A. (2001). Preventing Binge Drinking During Early Adolescence: One - and two - Year follow - up of a School - based Preventive Intervention, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 15, Botvin, G., Griffin, K.W., Paul. E., & Macaulary. A.P. (2003), Preventing Tobacco and Alcohol Use among Elementary School Students Thrugh Skills Training, Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 55, 2, Eiser. R., Staphen. J., Mallary. W. (1978). Can TV Influence Drug abuse? British Journal of Addiction. Fishbein, M. (1967). Reading in Attitude Theory and Measurement, John Wiley and Sons. Inc. Lillian, S. Smith, B.A. (1997). Probation Officers Attitude and Knowledge about Substance Abuse, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Social Work, University of California. Lipman, M. (1988). Critical Thinking - What Can It Be? Educational Leadership, 46, 1, Parsekhian, Adik. (2007). The Relationship Among Substance Abuse, Education, Parental Attitude, History of Physical Abuse, Social Support, And Child Abuse by Adolescent Mothers, In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Social Work, California State University, Long Beach. Paul, R. and Elder (1998). Critical Thinking: Why We Must Transform our Teaching, Journal of Development Education, 36(1), World Health Organization (WHO) (1997). Life Skills Education for Childeren and Adolecents, Programme on Mntal - Geneva. 110

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