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1 () ''##$% &!"!! #(5 % (6, 7(8 ) "' + 3(, 3( 4.+ ",-(./,0 * B9 % < 0! «**3( ;<=»*7"!* 9 * () G(% ''% ) 9 % ( B %! % "C( DEF9 +I 9 ' J( 0 "$ "' + 3( "A)93(. 0 H &!"! «(6, ( L=%» "FI-% (6, 7(8 K( #7% ' )!"' ) 9 0 7(8 ),! "' 9 ",- "N,, 3( *(8.+ M' "! (6, +7O "! () «(6,» (% "! «9» (% E ( QR (6, %.!( 9 +7 *E5!% 769 PC79 *7. 9*E5 QE-*9 T E7 *%",IS 7' % %! M!.+'% - (6, 7(8 : a.yazdani@ut.ac.ir -! "#!$- 39//7 :%&' 0 (! 39//6 :%&'! (! ١

2 ,I9 C(! M9 "! "' + F9 "5 "C( «0» $%% DEF9 "! X #(5 J( Q(#!?= ( "R #(5 J( *9 % 9 "! 7(8 %. ' 8 9 %!N( C) 7(8 "FI- % LZ% Y4I- B9 %"5*' K' 9 «0» "'«' M9P» [! 5% 79\ "'«)<79 %G8» [ %] 5 % B9P % C(! "!\9 "' "- E,79 5% I! "- +I 9 * Q() M6X Q^ + *! "'! C(! 3 % +H % % QF9 B(6.E*7! DEF9 9! (6,7(8 B' "90 QIA (,II_A 3( "! % = 7',I! % 9 (6, 7(8 "( ` B % X,69 "( ` E7.+- `! ( () '' *! ; % 769! a - 5 "!"( ` 3( "' $ 9 «,07(8 -(6, "( `» 3 "!* % '% 0\ /79 «"IF - c» D "! (H8 +07 A6 J( b8 I= (% 3(. 9 3% Q`,79 "! *E5 DEF9 *9 "#(*7 4 /= \)= "' (6, ",(,'G! «",0» "!e9 "! Ae9 "$ % 6=% "$ "( ` " * * 9 BA 3 "! % 9 QE- g D),9 59 * "! T! 9 +(/= % ' 36?- * ",I!% %9 "! "' "7 ) +0 K(, % i- B!= ^ % +!6 "! * ",FE.(39:38 B!= % QE9 I! p(, "!!, "! N /= '% oh Q "! 3%-0 "!e9 "! (6, +07 7( - "6A<9 p(, 3( QE9 (. 9 R 3( 9P Q *C "! 7' 9 J' 9 "!"'! 0 * E(! % 9q -Ego Constitutive 3 Noumenon 4 Transcendental Subjectivity ٢

3 6! "% % 7' 9 D),9 "IF7A % "IF - 59 *7 "! +9!?!<9 0 "#$ 39- ^ *7"!"'"r ( ( #( ) «#(» +07!? 3% "79 G(% % <A "! "#$ "' 0 *C 9 "! 76( g 0 9 ) "' ( "!.7' 9 D),9 39 ^ R "! % «+7» «* #(» 0.+«(6, QIA (» J( (E X6 7(8 ) % #(5*,! 0 F,A *% ش حا ضر +XI *9!,پژوه?)9 8 3( (5 8 8 ` (!0 "! - "9`79 ''»%"$ % ' X `79 "$«(6,» ( \ "' 0 s+i 9 * G(% 3( 7! «() \ /, 9! ",- M %G8 3( QE9 0!"! 5 &! B "! %% 8 : "N9 "' «( % 5 t,' 9 IF» "A)9 38$ *9! ] <9 M5 "$ + ),69 v$ "! 973 «#CN7%, g7(8» % L5 E *,! 5% 3(! 9 + 7' 8 % %9 I! ( % 5t,' DEF9!?=% QNI79 9 J( "!* 9\6<= '! ' `79 J( t$$ % '.+-( + w 3( 3 M6A<9» t,' "' ' B(9 w«% g( % %Ĥ %» "A)9 *7 + 0 w "' + )! v$ "! 979 «7(8 )X<. DEF9!«A6» Alter Ego Harmon Chapman 3 Micheal Sukale ٣

4 «,07(8 %'» "N9 "'«t! B9» *7 + "A)9 X9?6,9) C(-"C(-0 ( D,,'-,'- E5% ",0 + v$ "!,IA % 7O "( ( "5% % ;A= "',07(8 +XI 3(?= *7 "! ("C(.7' (! 4 3 +XI %,5 7,I! )X< "6A<9"' «#(» 0 t,' 3I7 B(9 B/- 3( *'9.+./,0«(6,» iz9 "! /- + % (! * "! #( Q() *!' DEF9 B TIX9 %?= R "y! 6 5 *7 "! «*E5 +I(» % N( *O{ 3! q- "' <( K % «A» 7 "97/- "' + *'9 -,I( ' "A)9 *7 DEF9 "<%.H 9 &! "! 9 Q() I MR h,c9,i! «(6, 7(8 F,A +er %» QE9 ( DEF9 "$ + ),69 *'9.+ v$ "! 999«FI- M6A<9» C%G8 8 «F,A &R» DEF9,! + % Z * +07! 9+ - "9`79 QF9 3(. ",07, "! 7( - *!' % "!! «"C( DEF9 % #(5!»*7! "A)9 C! D ' #(5 "C( - % " }! B/- " ;A= "C( DEF9 <.+ = B 9 /7 *AK' 9( "!,!«%*A (» D! )X< "6A<9 J( K ~,- 3IR "$%"' BA9 ' M( ` ~Z! _ % ",0 8 ' % F Lester. E. Embree Ego-Cogito-Cogitatum 3 Micheal Theunissen 4 the Other 5 Empathy 6 life-world 7 Christopher Macann 8 Intentionality

5 A 5"' + ),69 7I(.9"y*A%'*%! = B!)9,-*%!.+IQI9 +I8 % QI93! - 5 7( * 9A-./,0 «D),9 `79» &! "! 0 7' "A "' 79 9 ( % )<79 %G8 tir "FI-! K'!) D),9 w R "y! 7' 9?<79 "!% 7C% &! 9 "$"' 8 83( "!(7(8 "!e9"! (H8"! F "R 9 I9 3( % % M9 "!% N % %! s! M E ( & '(&% )% w #8! * 9 "! 9 % ( "E5% DEF9 ) ( 3( "! +XI % M%F,9 0!%"E59' M9P % ( )<79 %G8 "5. ' 7! %! %G8 % v$.+i "A% w 9 "ƒi9 (6, ` X ( "N9 *7 "! \-,!, +6X "!,07 %.( B 7' 9 )9 "N93( "' R%,R % +-.(Husserl, 970: 54) «+«"IF - *( 5»! D J( E7,07(8» "' 7' 9,07 (8@ "!» w 3( %. ' Y %G8 D% v$ ) 3( *( 5 J(, 9 9 &! "' (,0 "N9 MR%! «",-( B) ",-( "! 3(!7!»: 9 *I( 7!( 8 #((! *I( E 0 ",IX MR%! \- * g7' +' R "! N I! % "' +I 0 K$ I! "$ % 3ƒ<9 ) %G8 DEF9 ) 3(!7!.(Ibid., 545) «.+ "(8! % 3,H 7' %G8 % v$ ~5.+ «X5» 7'» % "5%%"(8!* 9,0 % Q "!.+ E5% %,0 J(

6 "' ' /7 J( "! *93( ' «y» % «Iy» ( «* /= "! Q7' 4, +R "! (!» :+ QN78 %G8 87! %.!! % 3( 7 8 K$ % Q "!.(Ibid., 549) «Q,I "<! D{ (,! *' 3( 0 3,-( K5 ' *( 5 MR% "! +I «39» D "! 5 K' 9 79 "'",8 Q "! "X K5 +I K' 93(\,(E D% v$ 9.+ o0 [R [#,8 Q "! M'9 «.Q!! * Q,I 8 *» :%K-*q93("!,8 -"5!% +- (H8 7'!% % Z L5 9 *7 "! 5% "! +-( C, 93 "' ( % 5 "! G(% #(5 7' 7(8! ( B % '*O\( MX79 #(5 )= 7! L5 "! 7 9 ` "! 5% 3(!../,0*!0 "!.+ MX79 3( 9 % 6X@ M%F,9 ) K %! )\.! 6X@ J( 9 B) 7( - "' ( *"'! "7(8S C *9 (% 3( "'! ",FE", 3 "!"7*% (%. 5% 7' 9 7' «- % e70 ˆ» J( "!e9"! "' 9 *,07 *% "! N % % % 6X@ MR + ( % 5 9 3(. K(,9 9 C!769?<9 PC79 *7 "! "' 9 ˆ "' +I«# i6» J( ** 9 g # 9 ( "C( 93: 7) C0 3(! % Z T J( * "! +I 7O 7( - C! 9 * 3(!7!! = (! "QC( 9 39"» "' 7' 9 7, +' ",F 3( "! ( % 5.+ 7( - + Ae9 M9! 7 "R 93(.(Ibid., 73) «7' 9 M' D X0 7 ( % 5 BA 3 "!.7' 9 ( 6«M9 Q» "!e9"! 7(8% Noesis Noema

7 X "! J ( E \,(E % +I «(6,» 77' Q -»*7"!,' *!"!"' (.+ «9» *7 "! Ae9 +9,07(8 9 3( "' + BA 3 "!. 9 0«% "! N MR%! T J( 9 ~Z *9 M9 *.+I I - 9 +( 77' 8 %+«,9 E» \,9 K(,9 J( %"! ( 3 "IF - (6, ( % 5 9 3( *'' #(.7' 9 LZ% ""! N K(,9 *( 5! K5 ( 37$) %.R*% «A6» J( g+ 0! A6 i J( "' # 9 +E5 *.(Moran, 000: 69)!( 9 I! ",I( 0 C!"!e9"! *% "! +XI LZ9 Y #C * 9 ( % 5 "A% (H8 R "! "! 4<69 \ "' «9 7(8» % "C( "! "' 6Z9 Y g+i %G8 * Q()! "^^ "' «(6, 7(8» "! + Ae9 M9!. ),I9! + ", ' S *7"!«0» MR%! C, $ "' ( D% ( 6! + *9 ),I9 % *9 79 +E5 "' «",-( +I5» Husserl, ) + I5 39 J( "! *9 %*9! 939 J( *7 "! % \- " #( MX "!.7' D "' + E7(» :+ ),69! t,' 3(.(989: 66 R 3 % L@ * i6 " MR "' + 9 g ) *( 5 (Ibid., )«.+ TX % 8 h "5 % M wp D 9.7' 9 +-( 4 9 ;6C79 * ^ % *9 "- "' +E5 % i5 9.+ «F "<)» J( 0 "! +E5 * E7( " % = J(K ( % - Š$ + {! K$. &R 3(.D 9 ` *9 K' 9 *7 "! D0 "' 9 Q 39 K?= % Transcendental Ego Pure Ego 3 Embodied Subject 4 zero Point ٧

8 "' + * 3 3( 769 % + (K- 79 *9 % I5!( +E5 J( DK,I9.!( 9 QIN *! J( (6,.! 0 "! N w + B6F79 "! 9 "' + %! 3(! #( `79 3( "! +I By=,9 =- % ) J( \-!",H 40! N7( "!. 9 (,9 *9 8 "' % M), % + %! % (% ;/6D 7( %! "! +XI"' / ( D% 9?CDC'"!"' Q,I / 39 e9 *7 C! M ( M{R %! 3(.Q,I th % QC' 9 p D 0 )- \e9 ( D "! "' + M % %!! 7,X9 3 8 L=% % 9 BC 9,9. 9 B 0 (8 MR 39 "! "! "' g 9 ` M BC,9 79 "!e9 "! 0 6! w "! 39,=% % 3(.7,I %G8 B!= «7(»,07(8 B "<%"! E7%?6,9 *"!" 39,R 9 Q,/ % D0 C!"! B(X %! 3( Q 9 %! J( ;<= ( 9 J( \- "' ( 9 ' M9P.(Moran, 000: 73) Q7 3(.% + "! 9 G(% "N9 + = "! +I E *E7( "' F79 7O % 7( -*7 "! ",I("! R! X= w "'!( 9 "R 9.+ ",0 8 ",-(?) 7O M{R K % 6Z% 7O M{R! "! + D{ "' 9 "N, 3( "! *7' 9 +,9 5% / G(% "! "#$ "' "y 9 3( 7X,! _! 7'! 39 "' 9# "'! ) 3( 9 BeA -"' + ( %!( 9 =! Q/ 0 9 % 9 3! + "! Q/ B! 7( - 3( D 9 Q/ K$ «* ( 3( "! Q/»,AR 39.!( 9 8! t0,r % 9 ) +- X, 7,I *( 5 "! "' / *( 5! * (X ",XA "' Q,I 6- +=0 "<% "!» "! 5% ( 5 7( - ` "! L=%.(5 :38 Genetic Phenomenology ٨

9 Q() 769 J( "!.(6:*)«7' 9 Q() (8 % +!w / J( *7"! 0 0 M % %! }! (8 % +!w "{6-3( 769 "!"' + «() -0» J( 0.+ ;I,9 % ",- 0 "! 9q M,C! "$ 0P,9 w "! # "' + }IR 8! 0%. 9 "- Ae9 % 9 +9 "!e9"! ( B % ' J(K «*O 3!» %*E5 +I( R "! "7(8 (% ' 9 N'! "' ' (% 3(., *O 3! 65 MX79 %«.» "(8! "! +(E + C9 B!= «(6, 7 (8% (8% D *!» K %«' M9P» +I( C?- #(!,X79 "' 9 8 *E5 ZR (6, &!. C'g7' 9 Q() *E5 (6, ) % +9 *! % 3(% "ƒi9! "! 90 ".Q( ' M9P QN78 B9P! 3( % ( 3X ",I5! " "' "59 3 ` «- *9»! *? +XI `79 Q() "ƒi9 8! B9P 3( *9 ).+- = B9P 9 *9*( 5!,XI ;IR!;^ w 3( 0.+- *! "! X +R % a Q \- () - 0 7( -.(74:*) «9 BC J( MR%» "' 9( 6 #,IX "!e9"!*9 4 E h "' ' ' iz9 3(!% S C,' «qr-0» X= w 6! J "' %! M( h 40!.+ B9' % 7)( % 7O 7( - - K 9 "' +-( p( "! 9. 9 «7- ( %!,07 3( ' M *9» :( 9! 3( ' DE$ B9P %.+ *9 ;IR! % 7,I 79 "' 5% %F,9 9,0.(6 :*) «+ Self- Constitution Intersubjective 3 Time- Consiousness 4 Self- Presence ٩

10 9 M ŽA! %", 8 {, "',7O h' +7O + % Z\e9. 9 h B!= ^ % Z«(» &! 0P,9 K "' 9 *C", 3(. K(,9gC!. + ",-(,07(8@ "! % 6X@,07 *% 7' 9 % 9 8 * BX=9 3(7! BR 9 "! 37r %.7' K(,9 ; "! ((6, % 9 () ",-( B) M9P "!"' DEF9 7(% 3( 0.7' 9 "5,07 "' + 9 «9».7' 9 ( 6! «9» I,7X({ DEF9 ;IR! DEF9 3( *! ' "! N D B9' "N9 *7 "! "' 7(K 9! 9q " MR B'!. 9 ) 39 Q % B6FA! "! N Q * /=,I! 7' " 3,H 7'! + '(&% * 0 7(8 % «'» J( %* 9 `79 3(., +07!! (6, %?<9 3ƒ<9 M' %.+ 5 wp 3 0 w M' "! "5. +I "F<!! 3,I! "' + M' K ( `. 9 "FI- (5 i ^ % ;5 "! G! ;5 " "FI- ))R *7! 8 3(.Q( 9 %!% (6, "FI- ( 7 "C( "! "FI-?-9 M' Q "!. N,I5 (! D t) ))R "FI- J( ^» ",F "!. +E5 Y (6, ( 7O "! "RA (! t) 3( D%! "FI- % + *(9 ',' "! * 9 / "' +.(34:*)«. DEA M'«K# +F# M9P» %"' + ), QE- 79 * (6, ;<=*7"! X6 QE-5% 3(! 3 9 = 0 ' 7X9 ' % "$. "79 3( M' (.(0-33) «, -./ ) " 4 5-» )* +«(973)! " "!» : ٢ + * +-! CJ- : 4@I CH 4 +G: F; «4E!-» CD@: : *B =>?@A 3< ; 94:- ١٠.3 * + F K 7 " 6 * +)4L ١ K3

11 QE9 p(, %",- = +F^9 M' % 3( )A! +- ˆ "' + %! 3(! R 40! ' J %,' ))R B- (. + ",- ( * ",FE ""' + (6, 79 "! 7C( 6X@ 59 ( 6X@79 *7"!*I" M' 0 ) N,I5 M' 40!. 9 7! % 6X@ *E5 3 "5 K$! + "C "$ «Q,I 8 gqc( 9».+I "FI- 7! 7 *7 "! 7! «"q=» 8 (.7' Q - 3),9 Q! X,(Z A 0 0 "! 9 "C( J S C 7C( 5 5% a -*r 6X<A6!9 a - 8 "' 0 I! a -,07 +(^ a - 8 % 5,7, % +A a - *r,07 % a X<A6!9 MR% J( D "0 " "' FI- D`! *r.(8:376b!) +E "5 % 9» "q= (.9 B-^ % ( "C( B9' h M' Q "! 37r 7X(8 E % Mq,)9 "!"7(*%! M5% 7)( R 4 / 8«Q,I 8 gqc( q,= "' + "5 iz9 3( "! %. ',7, «,I» % +- - E «"C(»! E #! *!%% +0!% R * *9 =! a - 8 *%! "FI- "! "C( "59 H % + R * "FI- ))R *9 "' h %.+ B9P % 76( «7 "FI-» J( 5% *9 8C8 % C' 9 +I "! % FI- ( "C( 5% "$) D K % (X ))R "FI- ` "' AR. 9 a - «5,7,» E(! E 0./ 9 R * "! #! +( "! (Z( "$ % 6X@ ( 5,7, ") + F % E \- "' K 0./ 9 «%» % 9 + "! :384 g*() "# % D G(% %! T,0 * % 7' 8! (! ( ^ %! N *9! K «Q,I 8 gqc( 9» 7! "q= "!!, 8 M' (.(77!"' AR. ' h,i /)9 "! % +0 _ 5 %G8 "! (6, S! T4A@: N S? " B 4 Q! P4L H H (9 " 8 *) " N? 94: -. X4B! Q D >?/ )< VW " -! ; " D ٢ Res Cogitan ١١

12 "79 * "X5 "%?!"' + "FI- % +/ * «(6, 39» a "! #! "' +% 3.! 0 FI- F ))R *7!"!!, 9 «(6, ( L=%» D "! 99 / 8 % M' "C(, 9 R 0 % 7' 9 = «9 E B "! -%» - B!= ^ ( 37$ *9 % %.(Husserl, 970 (): 79) +,- + ",XA.+ "!% M%F,9 # ",0! 9 % M'«6X@ 39»! "' ) % D)9 %!% Q "!"r 5% 3(! 7' *% + 6X@ 39 "! By= K 39 "! -",- # =,07(8 "08 C9 7 "' 6X@ 39 " + * G! % *9 K( N(!.+,07(8 +'% - /9 (6,.+ (6, E7 % + +'% - % "08 DK,I9 (6, "' +% * 6X@ % (6, e9 "! J ( K * % +- = "08 C9,9 D "' 9 (6, 76( *! Q'R(6, % = "' ' BR *7@ * 9 ",'% - *! (q E7 % +I (6, Q iz9 \ 6X@ "' AR.+ ",C.(Smith, 003: 9) ] <9 «F,A 7 *%» R 9,07(8 3( % 9 7 *I % 7 *% iz9 "! 7(8 iz9 " 6X@ D0 3(. = +'% - C9 #( *r (! K 6X@ 39 "' + ),69 %.+ 9% %! N Mq,)9 t$$ «39» +'% - L=% 6X@ +'% - `79.Q7 9«I F» *7 "! J' J(K-,9 ( 7 *%*!"! "' + 79 * 393(! 6X@ % "! 9.+9,F %,- % 6- K' 9 % 9 % +/ } %"(8 "' 79 Q/ L5 9 3( }! *9 9 8 MX79 % * #( % 0! TX % Q( '% 79 37$ Transcendental Realism Intentional Psychology ١٢

13 7( - + % Z %! (6, " 3( \6X@ 3(!7!.+ % %*! "! "' "r Q 9 DN "! 7( - 3( 9 "' 9#7. = B) 9 +'% - (K- -% 6X@ 59 J( ",-( +I5 F79 *I J( *7 "! 9,07 *% "! N *9 % 0 MO "! +9 +(E % Q(H 9 7' TX *9 M9P «! N» J( 9 "' ' 5% 3(!.Q7' 9 C' "N9 "' Q( 9 "59 «;<=» "! "X K$! 9 "! Q7' C' * 9 "' 7!( 9 +E5 «,'G! *E7( ;<=» 3(, %*9 8 9 "C(.7' 9. '«9» "! X6 * 3( 8 * "! ",! *9 ' "! 6X@ +'% -! 3(!7! % -?y"' "' +,07(8 ( (6, ( 9 + "!"r ( C9 «}%(» ( e9 "!e9 "! 39 3(.+ B(X «9 C9» J( "! \-!% Q() "! C9 37$ 8 "' +(8 9 % "=! - 77'.(Moran, 000: 7) 9 +?<9% 7)( "!! 3( 9 * 0 /. 6- %.0 7( }! 39» :( 9,07(8 ' M9P D= Qy % Qy= / 39 J( M "! 0\9%,9y MF *I( D)9 0 Q()!.(5g337!)«C! 9 "! + = "' (.+ «0»! *7 "! "! # (!0 "! 3( =! 0 *9 8 *E5! "7$ % S C9!% % MX79 *E7( % K' 9 "<) J( "!e9 +6X@ "({;A= *, 9 MZ9 (8 % 79 *9 Q() J( ;A= %",0 +/0 "! +I D - MX "' +% 3.! R% *E5% R +6X@ 9 %,I9 "!.+ (0 7( %! D= g+ () 0 Subject Pole ١٣

14 M MF "N9 Q() 3( *( 5 % 7' 9 Q() 0 79 *9?- J( (8 % *9 % *9 t$$ "' «9q» J( «/ 39» J( X79 % M)0.(Husserl,970 (): 7) % 9 (8 ( *E5*! +X79 #( MX "!.+ B0«39» 3( "! B \,(E = MF,AiZ9 "'"r % +I *MF,A 7' % 5 K$ (6, "!e9"!,07(8 (% % M e' K,7 * ( "!.7' 9 8 *! "' i C7' 3(!7! #7 "$_( +' J( F,9 7 3( (6,!$$ "' +IMF,A* ", *r *,! (. 9 «FAP +9» J( * 7 " % C! % "",IX", `79 3(.8 9 Q "! ~XI " "!e9"! 7' "' +I XI (8 +F B DN "' + K' 9 ( *' 39.(46:385 5) + 7' ",IX 39 iz9 +I QE9 #( MX "!.!! J( E7 B 3(,R C! 9 *"! (5 F,A J( *7"! h 8 "'"r! BR "#$ (! "$ MF,A 83( 39 "' 769 3( "!.!! (5 +F J( B9R 9 ",- = B9P iz9 e9 *7 "!.+ = MF,A 9 % *- ( F *- ( iz9 *-"'! 0 79 % D X! ( "$ D% ( "! *"$ «D +% 39» "' Q7' QR 3(! J(.D ' QR 3( "' Q,II' 39 R Q7' ) * #( R!,R "$ 5% %!\,I9 %"F=%! "'!( ( - E5 0 Q "! \7"' G! 8 % 8 5% " 39 5% ( G! *E53(.(7: 38 ) Q() M e' MR% Q7' 9 h *I( "C % R% G! 9 (8 39! % "( ( ;IR!"' 9 C!,I % Q() 3(.QC! 9,I E "! +A6-3(! % Q7' 9 * +0 ;IR!"' ",07 G! % ",07 G! Q F,A G! *! 0.+ () 7( - 37$!. 9 D),9 9 7! 8 Concrete Ego ١

15 9 39» *"' 39 () -0! 7(8 BA 3 "!.C! 9 D= 0.(8:*) 9!! 9 9«9q + $4% $! )= % L95 ~Z R 3 "' + F K' 9 QF9 ( «Q()» *7"! *! DEF9 3( ( 6 X "!"! 9 ` "!.+ "y* "(8 Q() *R I! ",F "! "! + ",- E!!' *q9 J(. 9! Q() "ƒi9"! 7(8 D 769 J( "! % + 7(8 K,7 ;A= *"' *"!% 9! +' "! ( `79 ]< 3( 0 M%F! ",XA) + Q() g 9 ",0!, 9 M{)9 % IR ME 3( + 9 «tir "FI-» "' 9 *.7' 9 8 "9 K "' ((. ' IF Z( M%O Q() "6A<9"!e9"! 0 w 3( 6!,R %! ' "! ]< G! "! "! F,A ^ }R * "' *"! Q() «)<79 %G8» Husserl, 970: ) 7( 9 ",-( 36 F,A ;A= "! % IF B(X ( 7( - 3,I! ' "! % "08 5. ' 8 ' C) 0P,9 w ]< 3( 9.(50 0 ",(,'G! "#$ 9 *C "' 9 "59 F,A,0! 9 MF,A.(Smith, 003: 57) 9 Q() ",(,'G! "! S, 9«,I» %«769» 5% * * "' + #! Q() K *9 M9. 9?)9 0 C!769 '' ",(,'G! * "' g 9 0 * ' <» ( «* ' LZ%» ( «`7» DEF9 ;A= * 9 Q() "! # + ),69 ( %.(Moran, 000: 65) ' IF(Sinngebung /Sense-Bestowing) «769 7!» ** 9 R 3. 9 ' "!«Q()»! a Q «*(» %«3,0» *$ Constitution Smith, 003:, Gurwitsch و: : 6 ١ ااع: ٢

16 *7 "! Q() \ 9 0P,9 w %. ' 769 K «* '?0»,R ( «3,0» «*E 9 ) B6F79 A 3! % K( "! By= *9 3(,R % ( 9 3 «* A» Husserl, ) H 9-9 a - 8 % B +A6- "' A % (6X@ * "!e9 "! "' ( 9 3 (5 G! ' M9P #(.(989: 3 "N9 J(! 39 * "'* ' L5 "! T! 9 * "5. Q() «MA» :38 ) Q!( 9 '% «ck5» %«!»! 39 "' QI) "! T! 9 ( % D 9 "59.(77 +'% "! Q() (X + ),69 "C( D "! *R I-A' M! QIA (» ( 37$.(60:384 I-A') E- *E5,I +9.7' 9 RA *7"!% ';I,79 '!"! *% 0 9 «,'G! 9 9 *E5"! 5% Q % 769 Q "' ( 9 3 (6, \ #( 5%» X "! ( 9 ˆ! M59 * "' "! N7( «5%» 3 3(! 3( 0P,9 (.(6 :* ) «"IF - 5%»! + B!) "' «9 -! 9 =! B9' % + *E5! (q Q! +'% -7( - +(E,R "' +.+«8» 9 *E5 g9 9 =! 9 7O 7( -" )- "!e9"!*e5.9 J( /9 *E5"! +I =F ( -/ +XI J( *E5! +XI `79 *9 Q()! ' 3(!7!.+ (6, "' +! % D)9 #A "!% 69 ".+" MR D +/0 Q(). F,79 *E5! L=% 7! Q() #7 - *E5 Q % 6X@ *E5 Q "! N B!= K$. 9 Q() "<% +6X@ "({ ( R " Q() "! * Q`! "' w) ( +I!.+ ] * Q() ; 9 += "!* %",-(./,0 R% *E5 % R +6X@ 9 Husserl, 989: ) + IR * ( (K- % 6X@ c Q() "! B(,9 G(% "! (+ Subjective Idealism Being-for-us 3 Being-in-itself ١

17 *9 59 "!e9"! *0 (K- c "#$"' + 3( 8.(&0-5 +6X@ Q() &!! % s 9 ZR 9! a % MF "N9 % *9 % S» {! ]< % (H8 Y +' R *$ ( G(% "' 5 +6X@ ( R "! ( #7 -%,5 * Q() w 3 37r. 9 "y IR (% + «% 9 "!e9 "! Q() * 9 `79 3( "' 9 = &! 9 R% *E5 Q() ' MX () 7(8! 7,X9 B. = "`R9 9,5,0! "!C9 K«(6, 7 (8% (8% D *!» D " t,' \,(E %«' M9P» 37r Q() 9% % ( A%9 *O 3! % #( Q() A% "' =! % "`R9 9 *E5 +I( "(8!! ^ * B % D ( % 8(9 0 '5% $4% $ 67 (D! * C9 6X@ D)9 "' " *) 6=% ( 7 *E5 " +'% - 6! *E5 "! *E5 3(.(Husserl, 93: 0) +«*E5 39 "! N» X "! ( +«*E5 (8» "! «6X@ Q() 39 (6, "! N t$$ "' «7O» J( *7 5% "#$ "7( ( " (! ", 5% 6X@ *E5"' 7' M%F `79 3( L=%. 39 5% + "r"! ^ %! ; "$"!* *,I "7( (! ", B) 8 *E5.Q7' 9 Q() D (8 "N9"' + (6, 39 *7"! Q() % ",- B (6, 39 J( A "!e9 "! "' + «*E5 (8» +))R.+I (H8 +XI % JC B!= "5% "! + X 9 (6, R "! "' N % + +I **! (H8 +'% "!\- +«?<9» (6, Q( 9 "' 9 3(!7! 59 G! % * " 76(.(96 :376 B!) + * *! D)9 "!,C! "! "#( (6, +7O `79. (6, "! ",I!% * 5% *9 %,I &R ", 9! (769 "' #( !?<9 X, % + 59\)<9 59 personhood ١٧

18 "!",I!%% XI\,(E 59 g(6, +7O F,A "! D),9 + 59\,(E! B,R % + "IF7A % "IF - "' + (6, +7O )-.+ (6, ( #( "' Q,I «#(»! ( ! - "! K h,c9 +7O % #( 39 (. 9 LZ% 39 % "! R 3(! "'! (6,,7O 0 #( K e' "!e9"! (6, *O 3! h,.d 5% D0! BX= "' Q,I ( (384*( B) "!/ Husserl, 969: 36) 9 D),9 39! +XI 3(!7!%«39».+ ()-0 ] 7(8 ( $ "' 9 *C!0 "! iz9 3( 0 +))R 6X@ (% % 8 3,H 7'! 9 5 (6, "!"'"r «.+ (6, +7O 7X-0 (6, 7(8» g+ 7(8 +7O ;I'! K$ 7(8D» :( 9 (Husserl, 970 (): 67) "! 3(!7! '% J,I "! 0 ;I' +7O 3( g+i 0 (6, "' )()R " «7»?()R " «7» M59 " DN -(6, 7(8 "!e9 (Ibid., 68).!( 9! 0 D),9 (K$ "!e9 "! 77' 9 5«(» *7! J( 79! "'?= 769 "! % Q *9 +07 Q! + ),69 +7O ' Q t$$ K5 \,))R % 3),9 +07 J( P % 3(.Q,I (6, Q E7 (6, +7O! 7,X I )<9 59 "#( "!e9 "! (6, % ( 6 B!= * B),I9 q *7 "! % *! *C,XI E7.0 D "' +?<9 % 3,.(Ibid., 69). X,69 +% :* +'% -%,I9 ' "!;A= () ''"!!,"' E998 "5 *E5! % 769 PC79 *7 "! (6, +7O "!!, +!,07(8 9 *%! +'% - D%9 ")R +(E "r,07(8 +'% -*( 5 "' $! 7 (% 0 7(8 "'9.+ 9 B 3ƒ<9 % +!w,i!% ١٨

19 "' "! +-( "FI- ' #(5 DEF9 ' B),79 «(6,» (% "! «9».!%!, B!= (H8+'% - J( 5% 8 E7* G! %,0 K' 9 *7 "! "' + ) B!= ^ +9 +'% - 7( - «9 "» *7 "! ( "' +% 3.( 9 "! *" /= ;<= +A{ % 69 B %* 9! *E5 B' `79 3(.0 9«"6A<9 Q» ( «7» * 7(8 = "`R9 9 ",(,'G!?) *7 "! (! (769 +A{ % 5%?@79 %?-.+ #F,A (6, * "FI- ))R *' +F * 9 3(!7! %.7' 9 Q() G! *E5 % 69 *E5 *7 "! *E5 (6, Q "! ( «B9» QR * % 3 % 7 9 7! '' *7 "! G(% 3( D PC79 *7 "!. 9 S ), % 7' % %! % M! «E (»! E7 ** % + /= ",I(*E7(;<= E % IR MX, +I *E5 K( (6, "! +C! "' 7' 9 'P. 9 Q() *,I! "'+% 3.(09 :38 g ) + "!*E5 QE- *9 T E7!"! Q() % (C! *9 % 7^ +(E! R J( C' (6, "! +C! % `79.+*E5 (H8 KAK % 3),9 769 Egology ١٩

20 .#7 -% C:* E.*( Q( AX "5.7 (8 (.(37).9. % D R%. #C. 7' "A.% `79.(383).9 79.FI- M9P"97/-.«"C( DEF9.M)) % #(5!».(378).D ' C! S3 %.K' 9 C:* E.@- *%( -"5. "C(.(376).(( B!.}7)= C:* E.7(8 "9%"79.(385).% C:* E.A 9 "5.s+I$ 7(8.(373)..+ MC,:* E.R R "5.A% "FI- M9P.(385)." M'. C:* E.w 3,9.(384).Q( AX *(. D C:* E.! = Z9 "5.7(8! 9.(384).M! I-A' %.QN78% BE$.J(K-,9"97/-.«%*A (».(388).3IR ~,- "FI- "9"97/ *,I9 % K(8 4% 3.(5 X( 9 "5.«s+I$ 7(8».(376).5.45 '' ٢٠ S8. C:* E.*( Q( AX "5.7 (8.(375).I -* A. C:* E.*( Q( AX "5.' M9P.(38).9 4- Husserl, Edmund. (93). Ideas. A General Introduction to Pure Phenomenology. Trans. W. R. Boyce Gibson. London: Allen and Unwin. 5-. (969). Formal and Transcendental Logic, Trans. D. Cairns, The Hague: Nijhoff 6-. (970 - ). The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. An Introduction to phenomenological Philosophy. Trans. David Carr. Evanston. II: Northwestern University Press. 7-. (970). Logical Investigations. vols. Trans. J. N. Findlay. New York: Humanities Press 8-. (980). Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. Third Book, trans. Ted. E. Klein and W. E. Phol. Collected Works. Vol.. The Hague: Nijhoff

21 9-. (989). Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy. Second Book. Trans. R. Rojcewicz and A. Schuwer. Dordrecht: Kluwer. 0- Edie. James (979) The Ego & Consiousness, In Rival Perspectives: Husserl & Sartre, Comparative Studies In Phenomenology, Martinus Nijhoff, The hague, Netherlands, pp: Chapman, Harmon. (973). An Interpretation of The Doctorine of The Ego In Husserls Ideas, Phenomenology: Continuation & Criticism, (F.Karsten & R.Zanner), Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Gurwitsch, Aron. (974) Phenomenology and The Theory of Science, Northwestern Unevsity Press. Evanston. 3- Lester, E. Embree. (973). Reflection On The Ego, Exploration In Phenomenology, (David Carr & Edward S. Casey), Martinus Nijhoff, The hague, Netherlands, Macann, Christopher. (999) The Ego & Intentionality In Transcendental Phenomenology. Philosophical Review, 7 (4), Moran, Dermot. (000). Introduction to Phenomenology. London and New York: Routledge. 6- Smith, A. D. (003) Husserl and The Cartesian Meditations. London and New York: Routledge. 7- Smith, Barry and David Woodruff Smith. (995). eds. The Cambridge Companion to Husserl. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 8- Theunissen, Michael. (984). The Other, Studies in the Social Ontology of Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, and Buber. Trans. Christopher Macann. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ٢١

22 An Examination of the Constitutive Application of Ego in Husserl s Transcendental Phenomenology ABSTRACT The major part of Husserl s attempts to describe the mode of consciousness has been devoted to Ego and its constitutive application. The purpose of this paper is first to review the role of Ego in Husserl s transcendental phenomenology and its central place as the core of consciousness and second to examine it. Through the study of development of the concept of Ego in Husserl s thought, and by describing and analysing his view regarding the role and application of Ego, and its constitutive feature will be discussed. The central contention of this paper is that although Husserl regards himself as a cartesian, he criticizes the concept of Descartes concerning Ego. This criticism indicates the distinction between the transcendental phenomenology and the transcendental realism. At the end of this paper, it will be concluded that Husserl by moving from the essential attitute to the transcendental attitute through the constitutive application of Ego, achieves the transcendental subjectivity as the origin of any meaning and to form the real universe. From Husserl s point of view, the transcendental Ego is the origin of one s customs, beliefs and normative behaviour and considers it as the only condition for perceiving universe. Key words: Husserl, transcendental phenomenology, Ego, consciousness and reduction. ٢٢