Saskatoon. Summary and Highlights. Innovation Systems Research Network. City-Region Profile, Gregory M. Spencer a and Tara Vinodrai b

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1 Summary and Highlights City-Region Profile, 2006 Gregory M. Spencer a and Tara Vinodrai b a Post Doctoral Research Fellow Program on Globalization and Regional Innovation Systems (PROGRIS) Munk Centre for International Studies University of Toronto Key Indicators Population, ,925 31,612,890 Population Change, % 5.4% % Foreign Born 7.7% 19.8% % BA Degree or higher 19.4% 18.1% # Employed 125,170 15,958,195 Employment Growth % 19.8% Employment Rate 66.9% 62.4% Unemployment Rate 5.2% 6.6% % 'Creative' occupations 33.9% 33.2% % Science & Tech. Occupations 6.0% 6.6% 'Bohemians' per 1,000 Labour Force b Assistant Professor Department of Geography and Environmental Management and Centre for Environment and Business University of Waterloo 18/06/2009 Number of Industrial Clusters % Employment in Clusters 15.1% 22.1% Average FT Employment Income $ 48,871 $ 51,221 % Change Average Income % 5.5% Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 1 of 13

2 1 - Demographics Population % Change Age Groups Under to and over % 15 to , , % 68, ,735 29, % 30,007,085 31,612, % 9,800,715 17,476,925 4,335, % Figure Population by age and gender, 2006 Figure Population by age group, years and over 95 to 99 years 90 to 94 years 85 to 89 years 80 to 84 years 75 to 79 years 70 to 74 years 65 to 69 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 50 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 40 to 44 years 35 to 39 years 30 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years 0 to 4 years Population (000s) Under Over 65 Figure Population by family status, 2006 % of population 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% Spouses Common-law partners Lone parents Single Adults (15) (10) (5) Population (000s) Children Females Males Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 2 of 13

3 2 - Migration & Population Change Domestic Migration Intraprovincial Interprovincial Total % Foreign born Migrated post-1991 Migrated pre In-flows, ,125 10,615 26, % 3.2% 4.5% Out-flows, ,845 19,190 31, % 8.9% 10.9% Net, ,280 (8,575) (4,295) Figure Domestic migration flows between 2001 and 2006 by age Figure Population by place of birth, years and over 70 to 74 years 65 to 69 years 60 to 64 years 55 to 59 years 50 to 54 years 45 to 49 years 40 to 44 years Location Quotient Born in Born outside of United States of America Central America Caribbean and Bermuda South America Western Europe Eastern Europe Southern Europe Northern Europe Africa West Central Asia and Eastern Asia Southeast Asia Southern Asia Oceania and other 35 to 39 years 30 to 34 years 25 to 29 years 20 to 24 years 15 to 19 years 10 to 14 years 5 to 9 years -8,000-6,000-4,000-2, ,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Number of migrants Figure Immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 % of population 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% Before to to to to to 2006 Inter-Provincial OUT Intra-Provincial OUT Inter-Provincial IN Intra-Provincial IN Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 3 of 13

4 3 - Education % College degree or % BA degree % MA degree PhDs per % BA degree or higher higher 1 or higher 1 or higher 1 1, % 19.4% 5.1% % 19.4% 39.8% 18.1% 4.6% % 18.1% Figure Educational attainment for the population 15 years and over, 2006 Figure Location of study for highest qualification, 2006 Bachelor's degree 14.3% Professional, Master's or Doctorate Degree 5.1% No certificate or degree 22.1% Above Bachelor's Degree Bachelor's Degree Apprenticeship, Trade & College University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 4.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % highest qualifications Saskatchewan Other Province/Territory Outside Figure Average annual income by level of qualification, 2006 College certificate or diploma 16.8% University above bachelor level High school certificate 27.2% Bachelor's degree Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 10.4% Certificate or diploma below bachelor level $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 Average Annual Income Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 4 of 13

5 4 - Employment Employment Rate Unemployment Rate % 65.1% 66.9% 7.5% 6.7% 5.2% 58.9% 61.5% 62.4% 10.1% 7.4% 6.6% Figure Labour force status of the population 15 and over, 1996 & 2006 Figure Employment Rate by Educational Attainment, Employment rate 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% < High School High School Diploma Apprenticeship/Trades College Diploma 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% % working age population Employment Rate Unemployment Rate Not in the labour force Bachelor's Degree Post-Graduate Degree Figure Employment rate 2 by age, 2006 Figure Labour force status by gender, to 24 years Employment rate 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Female 25 to 54 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 55 to 64 years 65 to 74 years Male 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0% % of working age population Employed Unemployed Not in labour force Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 5 of 13

6 5 - Occupational Structure A-B Management, business & finance occupations C-F Natural/social science, health, education & artistic occupations G-J Sales/service, trades & manual labour occupations % 25.4% 25.9% 21.4% 23.8% 24.5% 52.8% 50.8% 49.6% 27.8% 28.2% 27.6% 19.8% 21.3% 22.6% 52.4% 50.5% 49.8% Figure Occupational structure, 2006 Figure Change in occupational specialization, Location Quotient I Occupations unique to primary industry, 3.9% J Occup. in processing, mfg. & utilities, 4.8% A Management occupations, 9.0% A Management occupations B Business, finance & admin. occup H Trades, transport & equip. operators, 14.8% B Business, finance & admin. occup., 16.9% C Natural & applied sci. & related occup. D Health occupations E Social sci., educ., govt. & religion occup. G Sales & service occupations, 26.1% F Occupations in art, culture, rec. & sport, 2.6% E Social sci., educ., govt. & religion occup., 8.8% C Natural & applied sci. & related occup., 6.0% D Health occupations, 7.1% F Occupations in art, culture, rec. & sport G Sales & service occupations H Trades, transport & equip. operators I Occupations unique to primary industry J Occup. in processing, mfg. & utilities Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 6 of 13

7 6 - Creative Occupations Bohemians % S&T Trades & Agricultural & Bohemians per S&T Workers Workers 6 Occupational Groups 7 Creative Service Manual Resources 1, , % 33.9% 42.6% 20.6% 2.9% 240, ,108, % 33.2% 41.9% 21.9% 2.9% Figure Specialization in creative occupations Figure Change in share of labour force, Location Quotient % of total labour force 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% A0 Senior management A1 Specialist managers A2 Managers in retail trade, food & accom. A3 Other managers, n.e.c. Creative Service Trades & Manual B0 Professionals in business and finance B1 Finance and insurance administrative Agricultural C0 Professionals in natural and applied sciences C1 Technical occup. in natural & applied sci. D0 Professionals in health Figure In-migration of creative workers between 2001 & 2006 % creative workers, % 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% D1 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses D2 Technical and related occupations in health E0 Legal, social work, and policy professionals E1 Teachers and professors F0 Professionals in art and culture F1 Technical occup. in art, culture, rec. & sport Intra-Provincial Inter-Provincial International Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 7 of 13

8 7 - Industrial Structure Figure Industry characteristics Figure Change in industrial specialization, # Labour % Labour % Change % BA or Average FT Location Quotient force force higher income All industries 130, % 8.3% 22.3% $ 48, Agr., forestry, fish. & hunt. 3, % -8.4% 15.0% $ 25, Mining & oil/gas extraction 3, % 35.8% 21.1% $ 91, Utilities % 33.1% 11.1% $ 98, Construction 8, % 15.3% 5.8% $ 54, Manufacturing 10, % 7.0% 11.4% $ 46, Wholesale trade 6, % 7.8% 11.7% $ 49, Retail trade 13, % 2.9% 10.9% $ 37, Transport & warehousing 6, % 8.3% 5.7% $ 43, Information & cultural ind. 3, % -0.5% 23.6% $ 47, Finance and insurance 4, % -1.6% 23.9% $ 55, Real estate/rental & leasing 2, % 3.4% 15.2% $ 53, Prof., sci. & tech. services 7, % 19.6% 46.3% $ 58, Mgmt. of companies % 134.8% 29.6% $ 200, Admin./support, & wst. mgt. 4, % 17.6% 11.4% $ 29, Educational services 12, % 8.9% 61.9% $ 52, Health care & soc. assist. 16, % 14.1% 29.3% $ 50, Arts, entertainment & rec. 2, % -14.0% 24.3% $ 34, Accom. & food services 10, % 3.2% 6.5% $ 28, Other services 7, % 12.9% 16.5% $ 34, Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 21 Mining and oil and gas extraction 22 Utilities 23 Construction Manufacturing 41 Wholesale trade Retail trade Transportation and warehousing 51 Information and cultural industries 52 Finance and insurance 53 Real estate and rental and leasing 54 Professional, scientific and technical services 55 Management of companies and enterprises 56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 61 Educational services 62 Health care and social assistance 71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 72 Accommodation and food services 81 Other services (except public administration) 91 Public administration 91 Public administration 7, % 4.9% 35.3% $ 57, Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 8 of 13

9 8 - Clusters Number of clusters 8 3 % employment in clusters % Figure Cluster characteristics, Figure Employment by industry category, # Labour force Labour force LQ % Industry LQs > 1 % Growth Cluster (yes/no) Resource-based Agriculture 8, % 10.5% YES Mining 4, % 24.6% YES Oil and Gas 1, % 49.5% NO Wood & Wood Products % 0.8% NO Maritime % -23.5% NO Manufacturing Basic Textiles & Apparel % -24.6% NO Food 4, % 35.2% NO Non-Basic Steel 2, % 23.4% NO Automotive 1, % 2.2% NO Plastics & Rubber 1, % -2.0% NO Biomedical % -16.8% NO Figure Employment growth by industry category, ,10 ICT Manufacturing 1, % -6.1% NO Service-based ICT Services 8, % 7.5% NO Finance 6, % -0.2% NO Business Services 15, % 17.9% NO Creative & Cultural 4, % -1.5% NO Higher Education 8, % 11.3% YES Other Construction 10, % 16.9% NO Logistics 5, % 16.5% NO Clustering Non-Clustering Clustering Non-Clustering Clustered Non-Clustered Clustered Non-Clustered Basic Non-Basic % of total employment 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% % change % 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0% 12.0% 14.0% Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 9 of 13

10 9 - Establishments % of establishments by number of employees % 22.3% 14.4% 9.6% 3.2% 1.2% 0.6% 0.2% 55.0% 20.2% 12.1% 7.8% 2.7% 1.2% 0.6% 0.3% Figure Number of establishments by industry and # of employees, 2008 Figure Industrial specialization - Establishments, 2008 Number of establishments, ,000 10,000 Location Quotient Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 21 - Mining, Quarring, and Oil and Gas Extraction 22 - Utilities 23 - Construction Manufacturing 41 - Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation and Warehousing 51 - Information and Cultural Industries 52 - Finance and Insurance 53 - Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 54 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 55 - Management of Companies and Enterprises 56 - Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services 61 - Educational Services 62 - Health Care and Social Assistance 71 - Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 72 - Accommodation and Food Services 81 - Other Services (except Public Administration) 91 - Public Administration Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting 21 - Mining, Quarring, and Oil and Gas Extraction 22 - Utilities 23 - Construction Manufacturing 41 - Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation and Warehousing 51 - Information and Cultural Industries 52 - Finance and Insurance 53 - Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 54 - Professional, Scientific and Technical Services 55 - Management of Companies and Enterprises 56 - Administrative and Support, Waste Management and Remediation Services 61 - Educational Services 62 - Health Care and Social Assistance 71 - Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 72 - Accommodation and Food Services 81 - Other Services (except Public Administration) 91 - Public Administration Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 10 of 13

11 10 - Income Full Time Employment % Change in FT Emp. Income, 2005 Average Median Income Average Median $ 48,871 $ 39, % 3.8% $ 51,221 $ 41, % 2.4% *Constant dollars (2005) Figure Distribution of FT Employment Income Figure Full time employment income by occupation, 2005 % worked full time, full year 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% <20K 20K to 30K 30K to 40K 40K to 50K 50K to 60K 60K to 70K 70K to 80K >80K FT Income ('000s) $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 $70 $80 $90 A Management occupations B Business, finance and administrative occupations C Natural and applied sciences and related occupations D Health occupations Figure Change in dist. of FT employment income, % worked full time, full year 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% <20K 20K to 30K 30K to 40K 40K to 50K 50K to 60K 60K to 70K 70K to 80K >80K E Occupations in social science, education, government service and religion F Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport G Sales and service occupations H Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations I Occupations unique to primary industry J Occupations unique to processing, manufacturing and utilities *Constant dollars (2005) Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 11 of 13

12 Notes 1 All educational attainment statistics are calculated for the population 15 years and over. 2 The employment rate refers to the number of persons employed expressed as a percentage of the total population 15 years of age and over (excluding institutional residents). 3 The unemployment rate refers to the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the total labour force 15 years of age and over. 4 Self-employment is defined as persons 15 years of age and over for whom the job reported consisted mainly of operating a business, farm or professional practice, alone or in partnership. Examples include: operating a farm; working on a freelance or contract basis to do a job (e.g. architects, private duty nurses); or operating a direct distributorship selling and delivering products (e.g. cosmetics, newspapers). Respondents were asked to specify if their business was incorporated or unincorporated, as well as if they had paid help or no paid help. 5 Bohemians are defined as artistic occupations and include the following occupational categories: F021 Authors and writers; F031 Producers, directors, choreographers and related occupations; F032 Conductors, composers and arrangers; F033 Musicians and singers; F034 Dancers; F035 Actors and comedians; F036 Painters, sculptors and other visual artists; F121 Photographers; F141 Graphic designers and illustrators; F142 Interior designers; F143 Theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers; F144 Artisans and craftspersons; and F145 Patternmakers, textile, leather and fur products. See Florida (2002) and Gertler et al. (2002). 6 Science and technology workers include the following occupational categories: C0 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences; and C1 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences. See Feinstein and McAlinden (2002). 7 Following the method outlined in Florida (2002), we have divided the Canadian occupational structure into four broad categories: creative occupations; service occupations; trade and manual labour occupations; and agricultural and related occupations. These are defined using the National Occupational Classification for Statistics (NOCS) at the 2-digit level. - Creative occupations include: A0 Senior management occupations; A1 Specialist managers; A2 Managers in retail trade, food and accommodation services; A3 Other managers, n.e.c.; B0 Professional occupations in business and finance; B1 Finance and insurance administrative occupations; C0 Professional occupations in natural and applied sciences; C1 Technical occupations related to natural and applied sciences; D0 Professional occupations in health; D1 Nurse supervisors and registered nurses; D2 Technical and related occupations in health; E0 Judges, lawyers, psychologists, social workers, ministers of religion, and policy and program officers; E1 Teachers and professors; F0 Professional occupations in art and culture; and F1 Technical occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport. - Service occupations include: B2 Secretaries; B3 Administrative and regulatory occupations; B4 Clerical supervisors; B5 Clerical occupations; D3 Assisting occupations in support of health services; E2 Paralegals, social services workers and occupations in education and religion, n.e.c.; and G Sales and Service Occupations. - Trades and manual labour occupations include: H Trades, Transport and Equipment Operators and Related Occupations; I2 Primary production labourers; and J Occupations Unique to Processing, Manufacturing and Utilities. - Agriculture and related occupations include: I0 Occupations unique to agriculture, excluding labourers; and I1 Occupations unique to forestry operations, mining, oil and gas extraction and fishing, excluding labourers. 8 The method for identifying and defining cluster is based on previous ISRN work (see Spencer and Vinodrai 2005). Clusters are defined as constellations of industries defined using the North American Industrial Classification Systems (NAICS) at the 4-digit level based on patterns of location and colocation within the Canadian space economy. Constellations of industries must meet three criteria within a particular place to be defined as a cluster: 1) there must be 1,000 or more employees; 2) the overall employment LQ must be greater than or equal to 1; and 3) at least half of the industries that comprise a particular cluster in a particular place must have an individual employment LQ greater than or equal to 1. 9 The method for identifying and defining cluster is based on previous ISRN work (see Spencer, Vinodrai, Gertler and Wolfe 2010). We divide industries and employment into four categories: Nonbasic, basic, non-clustered, and clustered. Non-Basic industries are those industries which do not demonstrate a pattern of geographic concentration in particular places. Basic industries are those industries which are geographically concentrated in particular places but do not exhibit patterns of systematic co-location with other industries. The remaining industries have the potential to cluster but do not always do so. Therefore, non-clustered employment is in those industries which do co-locate with other industries, but do not exhibit cluster characteristics in a particular location (see above). Clustered employment is that employment in industries which co-locate with other industries and exhibit cluster characteristics (see above). 10 Growth is calculated as % change in total employment between 2001 and Canadian censuses were conducted in 2001 and Income data relate to the calendar year prior to the census year, i.e and 2000 respectively. Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 12 of 13

13 Data Sources and References Data Sources Statistics Age and Sex for the Population of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 and 2006 Censuses - 100% Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Census Family Status, Age Groups and Sex for the Population in Private Households of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Mobility Status 5 Years Ago, Mother Tongue, Age Groups and Sex for the Population Aged 5 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Citizenship, Place of Birth, Sex and Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration for the Population of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree, Location of Study, Major Field of Study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000, Age Groups and Sex for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Total Income Groups in Constant (2005) Dollars, Age Groups, Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree and Sex for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Labour Force Activity, Visible Minority Groups, Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration, Age Groups and Sex for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Labour Force Activity, Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree, Major Field of Study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000, Age Groups and Sex for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Labour Force Activity, Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree, Major Field of Study - Classification of Instructional Programs, 2000, Age Groups and Sex for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Occupation - Standard Occupational Classification 1991 (Historical), Age Groups and Sex for the Labour Force 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 to 2006 Censuses - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Industry - North American Industry Classification System 2002, Sex and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics, for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Censuses - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics June 2008 Establishment Counts by CA/CMA, Sectors & Employment Size Ranges. Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Occupation - National Occupational Classification for Statistics 2006, Sex and Selected Demographic, Cultural, Labour Force, Educational and Income Characteristics for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. Statistics Employment Income Groups in Constant (2005) Dollars, Age Groups, Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree, Work Activity in the Reference Year and Sex for the Population 15 Years and Over of, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data. Catalog # XCB Ottawa, ON: Statistics. References Feinstein, A. and McAlinden, S.P Michigan: The High-Technology Automotive State. Report prepared for the Michigan Economic Development Corporation. (August). [Available at Florida, R Rise of the Creative Class. New York: Basic Books. Gertler, M.S., Florida, R., Gates, G., and Vinodrai, T Competing on creativity: Ontario s cities in North American context. Report prepared for the Institute of Competitiveness and Prosperity and the Ontario Ministry of Enterprise, Opportunity and Innovation. (November) [Available at Spencer, G.M., Vinodrai, T., Gertler, M.S. and Wolfe, D.A Do clusters make a difference? Defining and assessing their economic performance, Regional Studies (Forthcoming) For further information, please contact: Greg Spencer: (416) or greg.spencer@utoronto.ca Tara Vinodrai: (519) ext or tvinodra@uwaterloo.ca Last Updated: April 1, 2009 Prepared by Greg Spencer and Tara Vinodrai Page 13 of 13