This publication includes an English translation of Chapter 3 in the Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, For the full report

Transcription

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2 This publication includes an English translation of Chapter 3 in the Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, For the full report in Thai, and for previous Satellite Accounts, please visit nesdb.go.th.

3 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs CHAPTER 3: ROLES OF NPIs NPIs in Thailand provide services to communities and people in every dimension: economic, social, and environmental. They also cover activities in various fields including education services, public health, social works, and religion, through both independent organizations and the public and private sectors. It is clear that NPIs are important players that support and facilitate the country s development effectively. In this study, the economic role of NPIs is emphasized, but analysis in other dimensions is also provided to more fully reflect the operations of NPIs in Thailand Roles and Importance: The NPI Satellite Account Perspective General information According to non-monetary data, the operations of NPIs in Thailand are shown to develop and expand continuously. According to surveys conducted by the National Statistics Office in 2001, 2006, and 2012, the number of employees and organizations continued to increase (Figure 3-1). However, this rise was due partially to the increase in coverage. Thus, in 2012, there were a total of 76,685 NPIs, categorized into 9 fields of activity, including social welfare services; cremation welfare associations; trade associations and chamber of commerce; employer, labor and labor union government enterprise officer associations; religious organizations; political organizations; and international organizations; education; and health services. There were a total of 182,163 paid employees, and 803,621 volunteers, including priests and non-paid workers. Figure 3-1: Number of employees, volunteers, and NPIs in Thiland, Employees (thousands) Volunteers (thousands) NPIs (units) 182 1,069 76, ,653 66, Source: National Statistical Office 3-1 National Economic and Social Development Board

4 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Religious organizations constituted the greatest number of NPIs, with a share of 60.5% of all NPIs in 2001, 62.1% in 2006, and 57.8% in The second largest field was social welfare services, with a share of 27.8% in 2001, which rose to 31.5% in In terms of employment, 55.5% of permanent and temporary employees worked in social welfare services organizations in 2001, declining to 44.3% in This was due to the increase in coverage to include the fields of education and health services. In particular, health-related employees accounted for 22.8% in Most volunteer workers were found in religious and social welfare organizations. In 2012, volunteers in religious organizations, including priests, accounted for 52.3% of all volunteers, while those in social welfare services accounted for 42.9%. This shows that most workers in NPIs, both paid employees and volunteers, were in social welfare services, in particular when excluding priests. This reflects the importance of social welfare services to the society. Figure 3-2 below shows the structure of organizations, employees, and volunteers in different sectors according to latest survey in Religious organizations contain the highest number of organizations and volunteers. Next are social welfare services, with the highest number of paid employees. This emphasizes the concentration of Thailand s NPIs in the social services and religious sectors. Figure 3-2: Distribution of paid employees, volunteers, and NPIs by field, Thailand, 2012 social welfare services trade associations and chamber of commerce employer religious organizations international organizations cremation welfare associations labor and labor union government enterprise officer associations political organizations Volunteers Employees NPIs' Organizations 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% S h a r e o f p a i d e m p l o y e e s Source: National Statistical Office National Economic and Social Development Board 3-2

5 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Overview 1) Outputs and value added. NPIs also create value added to the economy as do for-profit businesses. According to the NPI satellite account of Thailand, the average annual NPI gross output between was valued at billion baht, or billion baht in terms of value added, which increased by 6.8% each year. Value added here refers to GDP generated by NPIs, which accounted for 0.8% of the country s GDP (Figure 3-3). Figure 3-3: GDP generated by NPIs, including and excluding volunteers, vs. country GDP, Thailand, GDP NPIs (excluding volunteers) NPIs (including volunteers) Billion baht ,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 GDP (billion baht) 2) Employment. Considering employment from the returns on labor, NPI compensation of employees (CE) of NPIs consisting of salaries, wages, and other benefits which are the main factor of value added averaged billion baht each year between 2006 and 2012, increasing by 4% annually (Table 3-1). This accounted for an average of 61% of the NPI contribution to GDP over the 6-year period, compared to 30.5% for the country as a whole. Thus, it is evident from these data that NPI activities are mostly driven by workers, or that most NPI activities are labor intensive, which can be one indicator of NPIs contribution to job creation in the economy. In addition, it is clear that volunteers play a crucial role in NPI work, as seen in the higher gross output of NPIs when including volunteers (.75% vs. 1.6% on average), which will be discussed in more detail in section National Economic and Social Development Board

6 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Table 3-1: GDP and comensation fo employees (CE), NPI vs. total economy, Thialand, GDP at current (MB) Avg. Total GDP 8,373,277 9,046,567 9,666,665 9,599,398 10,734,430 11,188,831 12,221,417 10,118,655 % growth 8.0% 6.9% -0.7% 11.8% 4.2% 9.2% 6.6% GDP of NPIs 61,872 66,555 72,112 74,289 77,991 85,156 91,761 75,677 % growth 7.6% 8.3% 3.0% 5.0% 9.2% 7.8% 6.8% GDP of NPIs (inc. volunteers) 133, , , , , , , ,912 Employee Compensation (CE) Total CE 2,516,573 2,735,831 2,926,025 3,021,433 3,236,029 3,414,193 3,776,137 3,089,460 % growth 8.7% 7.0% 3.3% 7.1% 5.5% 10.6% 7.0% CE of NPIs 40,081 42,026 45,295 46,201 47,910 48,772 50,625 45,844 % growth 4.9% 7.8% 2.0% 3.7% 1.8% 3.8% 4.0% Ratio (%) GDP of NPIs to total GDP 0.74% 0.74% 0.75% 0.77% 0.73% 0.76% 0.75% 0.75% GDP of NPIs to total GDP (incl. volunteers) 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% 1.5% 1.6% Total CE to total GDP 30.1% 30.2% 30.3% 31.5% 30.1% 30.5% 30.9% 30.5% CE of NPIs to GDP of NPIs 64.8% 63.1% 62.8% 62.2% 61.4% 57.3% 55.2% 61.0% 3) Revenue and expenditures. In general, non-market NPI activities are not considered to be sources of income. Their revenue or income is mostly derived from donations from both the government and private sectors. During the 2006 to 2012 period, the average revenue of NPIs were 334,561 million baht, comprising transfers from the government and private sectors (56.8%), sale of goods and services (38.1%), and property income (5.2%). Most donations were contributed by the private sector, including both business and individuals, whereas funds allocated by government for this kind of activity represented only 8.3% of total NPI revenue per year (Figure 3-4). NPI annual expenditures were valued at 247,973 million baht. This consisted primarily of operating expenditures (49.3%), final consumption expenditures (35.5%), with the remainder consisting of transfer payments, interest payments, and rent. Total NPI revenue was higher than total expenses, representing the ratio of 57.4% on total revenue and 42.6% on total expenses. Consequently, the savings of NPIs was valued at 86,587 million baht on average over the 2006 to 2012 period. National Economic and Social Development Board 3-4

7 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Figure 3-4: Average NPI revenue and expenses, Thailand, Expenses Ratio of revenue and expenses Revenue 5.2% 35.5% 49.3% 42.6% 57.4% 38.1% 56.8% 0.6% 14.6% Operating expenditure Transfer payments Interests and rents Final consumption expenditure Revenue Expenses Sales of goods & services Government & private sector transfers Property income 4) NPISHs. According to the system of national accounts, Non Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISH) are treated as one economic institutional sector among five institutional sectors. Moreover, in the case of Thailand, NPISH which consists of social work activities and the activities of membership organizations, including some parts of health activities and education sector are considered to be the most important part of the NPI sector. In orther words, NPISH cover all non-market NPIs which provide goods and services to households free or at prices that are not economically significant. Regarding the accounts, total NPISH output amounted to 85,446 million baht on average over the 2006 to 2012 period. In terms of value added, NPISH accounted for 47,628 million baht an increase of 6.9% representing a 63% share of the total NPI value added. Importantly, transfer of individual non-market goods or services is known to be an important expenditure of NPIs, as such transfers represent the social welfare or social assistance provided by NPIs to individuals or households. Such expenditures have been recorded as final consumption of NPISHs, and then transfered to households to include in the actual final consumption of households. 3-5 National Economic and Social Development Board

8 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Figure 3-5: Gross output and value added of NPIs and NPISHs (million baht) Thailand, 2012 Gross output (million baht) 180, , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, Value added (million baht) 120, ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, NPIs NPISHs NPIs NPISHs In other words, household consumption expenditures, which represent expenditures by households themselves, may not satisfy their needs especialy for lower income groups. Therefore, the additional provision or allocation from the government sector and NPIs, the so-called social transfer in-kind, is also an important part fulfilling a household s basic needs. As can be seen in Table 3-2, household actual consumpion consisting of final consumption expenditures (out of pocket) accounted for 88.7% in 2006 and decreased to 85.6% in 2012, whereas social transfer in-kind from government rose from 9.8% in 2006 to 12.9% in 2012, with the remainder coming from NPISH. These transfers included spending on education and health as well as social transfer in-kind, such as free lunch in primary schools; medical services under the universal health cover project; elderly assisitance in housing, food, and clothing; assistance with meeting the living expense burden; subsidies for food and milk in school; and so on. Table 3-2: Household actual consumption, Thailand, Components Value at Current Prices (MB) Structure (%) Household actual consumption 5,072,118 5,0333,411 7,476, % 100% 100% - Household final consumption expenditure 4,498,394 4,690,794 6,397, % 88.0% 85.6% - Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs 75,856 78, , % 1.5% 1.6% - Individual consumption expenditure by government 497, , , % 10.6% 12.9% Source: National Income of Thailand 2012 Chain Volume Measures National Economic and Social Development Board 3-6

9 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs NPIs: Economic sector perspective 1) NPIs classified by four economic sectors or fields of activity. NPI activities in Thailand fall into four economic sectors, or fields of activity, according to ISIC Rev. 4, including: education services; human health services; social welfare services; and activities of membership organizations. From a macro-economic perspective, the social welfare services field plays an important role. This field s value added to GDP accounted for 30.6% of the total NPI value added on annual average throughout the 2006 to 2012 period. Similarly, human health services accounted for 29.8% of NPI value added. Activities of membership organizations, the largest group in terms of the number of organizations, accounted for 23.9% of value added; education accounted for the smallest share at 15.7% (Figure 3-6). Figure 3-6: NPI value added by field of activity, Thailand, ,000 80,000 education Health services. social welfare services membership organizations Million baht 60,000 40,000 20, Education services. Included here are private schools both formal and informal education, in particular, welfare education, religious study, and special education; and some private universities. Between 2006 and 2012, the overall output of the education field was valued at 19,046 million baht on average, resulting in an overall value added to GDP of 11,853 million baht an increase of 4.7% on average during the period. Of note, this field s contribution of 15.7% to overall NPI average annual value added of 15.7% was less significant than its share of organizations as a result, in part, of most education being under government control, as can be seen from the high proportion of government budget allocated to the field each year. Moreover, some private schools showed revenue deficits and its main sources of revenue came from the government subsidies and private donations (Figure 3-7). Human health services. Included here are the services provided by some private hospitals which were considered to be the market output. Therefore, value added generated by NPI in this field was high compared to other fields, amounting to 22,580 million baht per annum between 2006 and 2012, or 29.8% of NPI value added to GDP, second only to the 30.6% contributed by social welfare service organizations, despite having the smallest number of organizations among the four fields. Human health services organizations also played the important role in terms of macro-economic impact, largely owing to their mission to produce goods and services at market prices and to re-invest their profits for the organizations activities. This led to the continuous expansion of the organizations production. Such 3-7 National Economic and Social Development Board

10 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 market-oriented NPIs are important to the NPI sector for efficienciently supporting not only to their own operations, but also for the health of the NPI sector as a whole. Social welfare services. Included here are a variety of foundations, associations, non-government organizations, community welfare organizations, etc. that mainly work in the area of social welfare. Overall outputs in this field during the period of amounted to 37,382 million baht on average, resulting in an overall value added to GDP of 23,176 million baht an annual average increase of 6.9% over the period. Though the number of social welfare organizations is lower than that of membership organizations (the largest group of organizations), value added generated by social work services NPIs repesented the highest share 30.6% of overall NPI contribution to GDP. This share is close to the 29.8% value added by NPIs in human health services, which was the smallest group in terms of organizational numbers; this close result is due largely to the fact that all organizations involved in social work services were the non-market output NPIs which do not mainly aim to generate profits, whereas health organizations contain market output NPIs which charge economically significant prices or fees. This may imply that social welfare services organization, which are mostly operated by foundations and non-government organizations, play a crucial role in NPI activities and the country s economy. Membership organizations. Included here are various groups of NPIs, such as employers and professional associations, religious organizations, cremation welfare associations, and other membership organizations. Between 2006 and 2012, overall output of this sector accounted for 30,984, million baht on average, resulting in a value added 18,069 million baht an annual average increase of 7.8% during the period. In terms of their level of contribution, membership organizations ranked the third among the four sectors, ahead of only education. The main groups of organizations in this sector were religious organizations and advocacy groups which are treated as non-market NPIs, thus their contribution seems to be less important in terms of economic impact, compared to that of other organizations in the heath and social services sectors. Figure 3-7: Average distribution of NPI value added and gross output, by field, Thiland, Value Added Gross Output 23.9% 15.7% 25.2% 15.5% 30.6% 29.8% 30.4% 28.8% Education Heath services Social welfare services Membership organizations Education Heath services Social welfare services Membership organizations National Economic and Social Development Board 3-8

11 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs 2) Country comparison. As described above, the contribution of NPIs to total GDP is equivalent to an annual average of 0.8% over the 2006 to 2012 period. However, in order to compare the contribution of NPIs to GDP of the country by economic sector, the survey focused on NPI activies in three key sectors namely education services, human health services, and other community services (i.e., social work services and membership organizations). As shown in Table 3-3, the NPI contribution to GDP in these three industries was much higher an annual average of 10.3%. Table 3-3: Average value added to GDP, NPI vs. national economy, by field, Thailand, Components GDP country (MB) GDP NPIs (MB) Ratio of NPIs/country (%) 1. Education services 399, % - private 48,779 11, % 2. Human health services 163, % - private 69,338 22, % 3. Other community services 173,104 41, % Social welfare services 23, % Membership organizations 18, % Total 736,481 75, % Sources: National Income of Thailand 2012 Chained Volume Measures, and NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB Education services. During the period, the annual average value added to GDP of the overall education sector was 399,836 million baht. NPIs in this feld contributed an annual average of 11,853 million baht a share of 3%. This share is much lower than those contributed by NPIs in the other fields studied; this is due to the fact that the vast majority of education services in Thailand are provided by the government. Private education services, where NPIs operate, showed a far smaller overall contribution to GDP (46,779 million baht) because of the small size of this sub-sector; however, NPIs operating in this field represented a much larger share of the contribution from private education services 11,853 million baht, or 24.3%. As discussed above, the small overall contribution of the private education sector can be attributed to the fact that education-focusted NPIs are non-market NPIs, and therefore do not normally turn a profit. Most of the important resources received by these NPIs, such as fees and educational equipment, were derived from donations and government subsidies. Human health services. During the period, the annual average value added to GDP of the overall human health services sector was 163,541 million baht. NPIs in this field contributed an annual average of 22,580 million baht, accounting for 13.8% of total value added by the health services sector in the country. However, when looking only at private health services, the NPI share of value added jumps to 32.6%. This significant contribution led to an analysis of the benefits provided by NPIs in the human health services sector, which may be an important factor in the continued government support government of these services. As mentioned above, human health services NPIs operate as market NPIs and they appear to be an important indicator for the development of NPI operations as a whole, because they can make profits then return them to society a potentially important source of income beyond donations or government support. 3-9 National Economic and Social Development Board

12 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Other community services. This sector covers the majority of NPIs, including social welfare organizations and membership organizations. During the period, the annual average value added to GDP of the overall community servces sector was 173,104 million baht. NPIs in this field accounted for an annual average 41,245 million baht contribution to GDP during this period a 23.8% share of the total. The NPI contribution was further broken down by social welfare services (23,176 million baht, or 13.4% of the total) and membership organizations (18,069 million baht, or 10.4%). The ratio of GDP contributed by NPIs in this sector was higher than those contributed by either the education services or the health services sectors (Figure 3-8). This finding may imply that most NPIs in Thailand, which fall into this other community services group, are non-market NPIs which provide goods and services to households free or at prices that are not economically significant. Figure 3-8: NPI share of value added, by field, Thailand, Social welfare services 23.8% Heath services 13.8% Education 3.0% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% S h a r e o f v a l u e a d d e d t o G D P Sources: National Income of Thailand 2012 Chained Volume Measures, and NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB NPIs: Volunteers As shown in Figure 3-9, NPI value added including volunteer work was 157,912 million baht on average over the period of or 82,235 million baht more than the value added of NPIs with volunteers excluded (75,677 million baht). This increased by 5.5% annually, accounting for a 1.6% share of total GDP double the 0.8% share attributed to NPIs without volunteers (Table 3-4). As mentioned previously, the operation of NPIs tend to be labor intensive, as shown by the high ratio of employee compensation to value added in this sector when compared to the overall economy. This reflected the acivities of NPIs, which involved a large number of people; therefore, labor appears to be the major engine driving their operations to meet peoples needs efficiently. As a result, unpaid volunteer workers are an important factor in driving the main activities of NPIs. This was supported by the higher value and value added of NPIs when including the estimation of volunteer work. National Economic and Social Development Board 3-10

13 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Figure 3-9: Average NPI value added and compensation of employees, Thailand, , ,079 75,677 45,844 NPI value added to GDP, excluding volunteers NPI value added to GDP, including volunteers NPI compensation of employees, excluding volunteers NPI compensation of employees, including volunteers Sources: National Income of Thailand 2012 Chained Volume Measures, and NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB As shown in Table 3-4, when volunteer work is included, the ratio of employee compensation to value added increased from 61% to 81.3%. This emphasizes the important role of volunteers in the NPI sector, and their contribution to the country s economy as a whole. Thus it is crucial to consider volunteer work when, the roles and the importance of NPIs, especially in terms of their economic impact, should consider the volunteer works in order to reflect the more complete picture of the NPIs performances. Table 3-4: Average NPI GDP and value added to GDP, with and without volunteers, Thailand, Value added (MB) Growth rate (%) CE (MB) Growth rate (%) Ratio of CE / VA (%) The whole country 10,118, % 3,089, % 30.5% NPIs 75, % 45, % 61.0% Ratio of NPIs to total GDP (%) 0.8% NPIs including volunteers 157, % 128, % 81.3% Ratio of NPIs to total GDP (%) 1.6% Sources: National Income of Thailand 2012 Chained Volume Measures, and NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB Interestingly, when volunteer work is included, NPI value added by field is different than that found when excluding volunteers, as shown in Table 3-5. With volunteers included, membership organizations became the largest field, with a share of 52.2% of total NPI value added during the period, due to the inclusion of religious acivities, followed by social welfare services (24.2%), and health services (15.8%). Thus, it can be seen that most volunteer work took place in membership organizations and social welfare organizations. In particular, membership organizations, which included religious organizations, accounted for a significantly higher share of total value added when volunteer work was included 52.2% vs. 23.9% without volunteers National Economic and Social Development Board

14 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Table 3-5: Average NPI value added to GDP, with and without volunteers, by field, Thailand, NPIs excluding volunteers NPIS including volunteers Field of activity Value added (MB) Growth (%) Ratio (%) Value added (MB) Growth (%) Ratio (%) 1. Education 11, % 15.7% 12, % 7.8% 2. Health services 23, % 29.8% 24, % 15.8% 3. Social welfare services 24, % 30.6% 38, % 24.2% 4. Membership organizations 16, % 23.9% 82, % 52.2% Total 75, % 100% 157, % 100% Total GDP 10,118,655 Total NPI share (%) 0.8% 1.6% Sources: National Income of Thailand 2012 Chained Volume Measures, and NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB While the share of value added generated by NPIs to GDP (0.8%) before adding the contribution of volunteers may seem small compared to other economic sectors in the country s economy, with the exception of the private households with employed persons sector (0.2%), as shown in Table 3-6, the 1.6% NPI contribution to GDP with volunteers included was in fact higher than some sectors such as fishery (1.0%), and close to that of the overall health sector (1.6%) and other communities (1.7%). Table 3-6: Average GDP of Thailand at current prices by economic sector, Economic sector Value added (MB) Growth rate (%) Ratio (%) Manufacturing 3,057, % 30.3% Wholesale and retail trade, etc. 1,474, % 14.6% Agriculture 946, % 9.4% Transport, storage, and communications 714, % 7.1% Real estate, renting, and business activities 687, % 6.8% Public administration, etc. 606, % 6.0% Financial intermediation 566, % 5.6% Education 399, % 3.9% Mining and quarrying 329, % 3.2% Hotels and restuarants 312, % 3.1% Construction 285, % 2.8% Electricity, gas, and water supply 281, % 2.8% Other communities, etc. 173, % 1.7% Health 163, % 1.6% NPIs including volunteers 157, % 1.6% Fishery 101, % 1.0% NPIs excluding volunteers 75, % 0.8% Private households with employed persons 18, % 0.2% Total GDP 10,118, % 100% Sources: National Income of Thailand 2012 Chained Volume Measures, and NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB National Economic and Social Development Board 3-12

15 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs 3.2. NPIs: Other Comparisons National budget comparison Budget allocation for country development each year classified by types of activities comprised general administration; community and social services, economic activity; and other areas. As shown in Table 3-7, on average during the period, the largest share of the total budget was allocated to community and social services (42.2%), followed by general administration (26.5%), economic activity (19.0%), and other areas (7.4%). In terms of comparison, the ratio of NPI expenditures accounted for 13.7% of the total budget in the same period. This included a remarkable 32.4% share of the total budget allocated to community and social services activities. This is further evidence to support the important role of NPI activities. Table 3-7: Government budget allocations, Thailand, Avg. Government budget allocation by activity (MB) General administration 241, , , , , , , ,343 Community and social services 543, , , , , ,788 1,087, ,720 - Social welfare 94, , , , , , , ,291 Economic activity 339, , , , , , , ,460 Others areas 235, , , , , ,644 Total 1,360,000 1,566,200 1,660,000 1,835,000 1,700,000 2,169,968 2,380,000 1,810,167 NPIs expenditure 205, , , , , , , ,973 Ratio (%) General administration 17.8% 18.2% 19.8% 20.8% 20.6% 41.3% 36.6% 26.5% Community and social services 40.0% 41.9% 41.8% 41.7% 44.9% 38.9% 45.7% 42.2% - Social welfare 6.9% 7.2% 6.9% 8.3% 8.0% 6.7% 7.5% 7.4% Economic activity 25.0% 21.3% 19.3% 17.5% 14.5% 19.8% 17.7% 19.0% Others areas 17.2% 18.6% 19.1% 20.0% 20.0% % Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% NPI expenditure/total budget 15.1% 13.6% 14.1% 14.3% 16.3% 13.9% 13.3% 13.7% NPI expenditures/community & social 37.8% 32.5% 33.8% 34.4% 36.3% 35.7% 29.1% 32.4% Sources: Bureau of the Budget and the NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB Social welfare system comparison Moreover, Table 3-8 below compares NPI expenditures to government budget allocations to various aspects of social and welfare services, including education; health services; and social welfare services; social security; and social assistance. Government allocations to these service fields constituted and average of 29.7% of the total budget during the period, representing a 5.3% share of overall GDP. NPIs on average spent 44.7% of their overall expenditures on social welfare services over the same period. This significant allocation to social services confirms the crucial role NPIs play in supporting government social welfare work National Economic and Social Development Board

16 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Table 3-8: Government budget allocations for social welfare services vs. NPI expenditures, Thailand, Avg. Social welfare system 267, , , , , , , ,940 - Education 94, ,669 98, , , , , ,116 - Social work services 6,963 12,487 12,750 23,940 36,781 44,883 62,166 28,567 - Health services 48,636 79,212 72,113 84, ,715 97, ,433 85,471 - Government officers 117, , , , , , , ,786 Social security scheme 41,117 45,128 47,606 48,973 52,348 58,488 62,869 50,933 Social assistance scheme 19,713 34,923 30,489 31,250 29,500 33,419 68,741 35,434 Assistance scheme regarding Government policy 4,002 4,266 16,203 44,836 62,772 20,891 13,209 23,740 Total government allocations to social welfare 332, , , , , , , ,046 Total government budget 1,360,000 1,566,200 1,660,000 1,835,000 1,700,000 2,070,000 2,380,000 1,795,886 Social welfare expenditure % of total budget 24.4% 28.1% 25.8% 29.6% 37.0% 29.9% 31.3% 29.7% GDP at current prices 8,373,277 9,046,567 9,666,665 9,599,398 10,734,430 11,188,831 12,221,417 10,118,655 Social welfare expenditure % of GDP 4.9% 4.4% 5.7% 5.9% 5.5% 6.1% 5.3% Total NPI expenses 205, , , , , , , ,844 NPI expenses vs. total social welfare expenditures 62.0% 48.6% 54.8% 48.4% 44.1% 48.6% 42.5% 44.7% Sources: Bureau of the Budget and the NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, NESDB National Economic and Social Development Board 3-14

17 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Appendix Results of NPI operations from the NPI satellite accounts of Thailand, Table A-1: Number of employees, volunteers, and NPIs Type of organization Employees (thousands) Volunteers (thousands) NPIs (units) Social welfare organizations ,761 16,768 24,173 Cremation associations ,411 3,762 3,397 Trade associations etc ,051 2,125 Employer associations etc ,537 2,374 1,742 Religious organizations ,254 41,371 44,353 Political organizations International organizations Education n.a. n.a n.a. n.a Health n.a. n.a n.a. n.a. n.a Total , ,653 66,305 76,685 Source: National statistical office Table A-2: Value added and gross output of NPIs classified by ISIC Type of economic activity Average Value added (million baht) 1. Education 10,248 10,967 11,394 11,704 12,287 12,867 13,501 11, Health 18,149 19,703 20,380 22,018 23,960 26,219 27,628 22, Social welfare services 19,158 19,545 22,683 22,711 23,843 25,963 28,329 23, Membership organizations 14,317 16,341 17,656 17,857 17,902 20,108 22,304 18,069 Total 61,872 66,556 72,113 74,290 77,992 85,157 91,762 75,677 Growth rate (%) 1. Education Health Social welfare services Membership organizations Total Gross output (million baht) 1. Education 15,650 17,092 18,080 19,065 19,476 21,713 22,245 19, Health 27,716 30,707 32,338 35,185 37,761 40,543 41,924 35, Social welfare services 29,257 30,461 35,992 37,581 40,210 42,604 45,569 37, Membership organizations 21,865 25,467 28,016 32,640 33,103 36,129 39,667 30,984 Growth rate (%) Total 94, , , , , , , , Education Health Social welfare services Membership organizations Total National Economic and Social Development Board

18 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Table A-3: Gross output and value added of NPIs and NPISH Type of economic activity Average Gross output (million baht) NPIs 94, , , , , , , ,579 NPISH 62,314 69,589 79,697 86,107 90, , ,264 85,446 Ratio of NPISH to NPIs Growth rate (%) NPIs NPISH Ratio of NPISH to NPIs Value added (million baht) NPIs 61,872 66,555 72,112 74,289 77,991 85,156 91,761 75,677 NPISH 38,572 41,756 47,028 48,990 47,490 52,262 57,301 47,628 Ratio of NPISH to NPIs Growth rate (%) NPIs NPISH Ratio of NPISH to NPIs Table A-4: Comparison of value added of NPIs and GDP by ISIC Type of economic activity Average GDP by ISIC 1. Education 319, , , , , , , , Health 135, , , , , , , , Other community, etc. 171, , , , , , , ,104 - Social welfare services n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. - Membership organizations n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total 626, , , , , , , ,481 NPI value added by ISIC 1. Education 10,248 10,967 11,394 11,704 12,287 12,867 13,501 11, Health 18,149 19,703 20,380 22,018 23,960 26,219 27,628 22, Other community, etc. 33,475 35,886 40,339 40,568 41,745 46,071 50,633 41,245 - Social welfare services 19,158 19,545 22,683 22,711 23,843 25,963 28,329 23,176 - Membership organizations 14,317 16,341 17,656 17,857 17,902 20,108 22,304 18,069 Total 61,872 66,556 72,113 74,290 77,992 85,157 91,762 75,677 NPI share of value added by ISIC (%) 1. Education Health Other community, etc Social welfare services n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. - Membership organizations n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. Total National Economic and Social Development Board 3-16

19 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Table A-5: NPI revenue and expenditures Type of economic activity Average Revenue and exenditures (million baht) Revenue 263, , , , , , , ,561 Sale of goods and services 94, , , , , , , ,319 Transfers 155, , , , , , , ,920 Private 125, , , , , , , ,295 Government 21,931 23,430 25,328 27,206 29,202 31,898 33,878 27,553 Rest of the world 7,575 8,077 8,629 9,096 9,595 10,088 10,440 9,071 Property income 13,462 14,709 16,233 17,322 18,435 20,018 21,076 17,322 Expenditures 205, , , , , , , ,973 Oparating expense 89,318 97, , , , , , ,337 Transfer payable 37,386 33,856 34,488 35,500 36,581 37,751 37,886 36,207 Interest and rents 1,024 1,207 1,164 1,295 1,455 1,604 1,874 1,375 Final consumption 77,943 80,815 91,525 91,525 91,525 91,525 91,525 88,055 Savings 57,448 70,590 71,573 79,781 91, , ,729 86,587 Total saving 593, , , , , , , ,280 Ratio of saving of NPIs to total Growth rate (%) Revenue 263, , , , , , , ,561 Sale of goods and services 94, , , , , , , ,319 Transfers 155, , , , , , , ,920 Private 125, , , , , , , ,295 Government 21,931 23,430 25,328 27,206 29,202 31,898 33,878 27,553 Rest of the world 7,575 8,077 8,629 9,096 9,595 10,088 10,440 9,071 Property income 13,462 14,709 16,233 17,322 18,435 20,018 21,076 17,322 Expenditures Oparating expense Transfer payable Interest and rents Final consumption Savings Total savings Ratio of savings of NPIs to total National Economic and Social Development Board

20 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Table A-6: NPI value added by field of activity, including and excluding volunteers (million baht) Type of economic activity Average GDP 8,373,277 9,046,567 9,666,665 9,599,398 10,734,430 11,188,831 12,221,417 10,118,655 NPIs excluding volunteering 263, , , , , , , , Education 10,248 10,967 11,394 11,704 12,287 12,867 13,501 11, Health 18,149 19,703 20,380 22,018 23,960 26,219 27,628 22, Social welfare services 19,158 19,545 22,683 22,711 23,843 25,963 28,329 23, Membership organizations 14,317 16,341 17,656 17,857 17,902 20,108 22,304 18,069 Total 61,872 66,556 72,113 74,290 77,992 85,157 91,762 75,677 Ratio of NPIs to GDP (%) Growth rate (%) 1. Education Health Social welfare services Membership organizations Total NPIs including volunteering 1. Education 10,304 11,035 11,475 11,853 13,209 13,864 14,896 12, Health 18,149 19,703 20,380 23,589 27,243 31,473 33,816 24, Social welfare services 32,402 33,415 37,706 37,983 39,908 41,946 44,104 38, Membership organizations 72,573 75,963 79,600 82,224 84,817 88,927 92,827 82,419 Total 133, , , , , , , ,912 Ratio of NPIs to GDP (%) Growth rate (%) 1. Education Health Social welfare services Membership organizations Total National Economic and Social Development Board 3-18

21 Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Table A-7: Gross output, growth rate and structure of NPIs by types Type of economic activity Average Value added (million baht) Social welfare organizations 29,257 30,461 35,992 37,581 40,210 42,604 45,569 37,382 Cremation associations 1,292 1,469 1,586 1,772 1,811 1,984 2,043 1,708 Trade associations etc. 1,360 1,459 1,502 1,612 1,768 1,976 2,344 1,717 Employer associations etc ,035 1,099 1,543 1,920 1,143 Religious organizations 17,827 20,975 23,264 27,402 27,558 29,702 32,297 25,575 Political organizations International organizations , Education 15,650 17,092 18,080 19,065 19,476 21,713 22,245 19,046 Health 27,716 30,707 32,338 35,185 37,761 40,543 41,924 35,168 Total 94, , , , , , , ,579 Growth rate (%) Social welfare organizations Cremation associations Trade associations etc Employer associations etc Religious organizations Political organizations International organizations Education Health Total National Economic and Social Development Board

22 Chapter 3: Roles of NPIs Non-Profit Institutions Satellite Account of Thailand, 2012 Table A-8: Value added, growth rate and structure of NPIs by types Type of economic activity Average Value added (million baht) Social welfare organizations 19,158 19,545 22,683 22,711 23,843 25,963 28,329 23,176 Cremation associations 1,618 1,722 1,836 1,961 2,098 2,247 2,264 1,963 Trade associations etc. 1,272 1,283 1,353 1,390 1,414 1,585 1,613 1,416 Employer associations etc. 1,069 1,318 1,628 1,677 1,760 1,922 2,071 1,635 Religious organizations 9,544 11,171 11,953 11,897 11,646 13,340 15,268 12,117 Political organizations International organizations ,007 1, Education 10,248 10,967 11,394 11,704 12,287 12,867 13,501 11,853 Health 18,149 19,703 20,380 22,018 23,960 26,219 27,628 22,580 Total 61,872 66,556 72,113 74,290 77,992 85,157 91,762 75,677 Growth rate (%) Social welfare organizations Cremation associations Trade associations etc Employer associations etc Religious organizations Political organizations International organizations Education Health Total National Economic and Social Development Board 3-20

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