Sonoma County Economic & Demographic Profile. Presented by: Sonoma County Economic Development Board and Workforce Investment Board

Transcription

1 2004 Economic & Demographic Profile Presented by: Economic Development Board and Workforce Investment Board Prepared by the Center For Economic Development, CSU, Chico

2 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Presented by Economic Development Board in partnership with the Workforce Investment Board Center for Economic Development California State University, Chico Chico, CA Phone: (530) Fax: (530)

3 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Acknowledgements The Economic Development Board would like to thank the following underwriters: *Effective April 1, 2004 American Ag Credit Anderson, Zeigler, Disharoon, Gallagher and Gray Bank of America Bank of Marin Bank of Petaluma Basin Street Properties Business Bank of California Cal Fed Bank Christopherson Homes, Inc. Codding Foundation Exchange Bank Frank Howard Allen Realtors Ghilotti Construction Co. Keegan and Coppin Company, Inc. Lanahan & Reilley LLP Luther Burbank Savings Matsen Insurance Brokers National Bank of the Redwoods North American Title Company North Bay Business Journal North Coast Bank/Santa Rosa Prudential California Realty/Santa Rosa Redwood Credit Union Community Development Commission Health Services Public Works Water Agency Workforce Investment Board Sonoma Valley Bank Summit State Bank The Press Democrat Washington Mutual Bank Wells Fargo Bank Westamerica Bank The Center for Economic Development wishes to acknowledge the work of the staff who produced this profile: Serenity Clerk, Project Manager Courtney Danehy, Senior Editor Warren Jensen, Instructional Assistance Dan Ripke, CED Director Andria Gilbert, CED Secretary The cover was designed by Serenity Clerk. Additional thanks to the organizations and companies who partnered on this project. Without their generous financial support, production, marketing, and distribution, this profile would not have been possible. ii

4 Introduction Introduction Welcome to the 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile. This document contains important information concerning the well being of 's residents, community, and economy. The data here has been compiled to represent trends over the last decade, and in many cases provides projections for the coming years. This information may be used for many purposes, including small business development, market analysis, and grant writing, among others. It may assist companies and individuals in relocating to Northern California or improving existing conditions. By exploring the structure of in various aspects, the Center for Economic Development and its partners hope to facilitate healthy and effective living, and provide valuable information for the growth and strength of the area. This profile was compiled by the Center for Economic Development (CED), California State University, Chico Research Foundation. The CED is a community outreach organization of the University Research Foundation at CSU, Chico. The CED receives funding from the Economic Development Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce along with matching funds provided by the university. The CED's Regional Research Program (RRP) has provided Northern California county profiles since 1989, and continually seeks to improve their content, readability, and clarity. Based on client surveys and requests, as well as new research, the RRP has updated the 2004 profile to include more information, new narrative, and improvements in data display. The CED has access to market professionals both in-house and within the local community, and gladly facilitates additional needs to our fullest capacity upon request. iii

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6 , home to nearly 500,000 Northern California residents, is one of the fastest growing counties in the North State. Low home interest rates in 2000 caused a large influx of population at the beginning of the twenty-first century, and is now in a phase of economic and industrial growth in order to accommodate its new residents. With many wineries, historical state parks, and an agreeable climate, 's recreational features are as appealing as its businesses. As a result, tourism has provided an increasingly lucrative source of income to 's nine cities. It also remains one of the best counties in which to raise a family, with a strong educational system that includes Sonoma State University and several junior colleges. The community health in has steadily improved in the last ten years, with an all-time low in teen pregnancy rates in Also, there are more physicians actively practicing in than there have been in the last decade. Low birth weight, infant mortality, and AIDS cases have all seen declining trends in recent years, and Child Health and Disability Prevention programs have continued to thrive. Crime is down in as well, and in 2003 boasted a crime rate that was well below the California average. As the economy continues to grow and smaller cities such as Cloverdale and Cotati expand to accommodate new residents, continues to be an excellent place to live, work, and raise a family. v

7 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Table of Contents General Indicators: 1. Demographics Total Population Population by City Components of Population Change Age Distribution Population by Race/Ethnicity Population by Educational Attainment Land Area and Population Density Environmental Factors Climate Data Air Quality Agriculture Total Harvested Acreage of Farms Value of Agricultural Production Top Crops by Total Value Top Crops by Price per Unit Harvested Acreage of Top Crops Production of Top Crops Economic Indicators: 4. Labor Market Labor Force Total Employment Unemployment Average Monthly Labor Statistics Income Total Personal Income Components of Total Personal Income Components of Transfer Payments Per Capita Income Median Household Income Poverty Rate vi

8 Table of Contents 6. Business & Industry Taxable Sales Business by Employment Size and Industry Job Growth by Industry Sector Earnings by Industry Largest Employers Housing & Real Estate Total Housing Units New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits Value of New Construction Fair Market Rent Median Home Price Travel & Tourism Travel Expenditures Travel-Generated Employment Total Annual Tourism Earnings Tax Revenues Generated by Travel Expenditures Travel Time to Work Means of Transportation Vehicle Registration Social Indicators: 9. Community Health Births, Deaths, and Leading Causes of Death Teenage Pregnancy Rates Low Birth Weight Infant Mortality Medical Service Providers AIDS Cases Persons Living with a Disability Alcohol and Drug Program Clients Child Health and Disability Prevention Program (CHDP) Child Abuse Referrals & Allegations Foster Care Entries vii

9 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile 10. Welfare TANF/CalWORKs Caseload and Expenditures Food Stamps Caseload and Expenditures Medi-Cal Caseload and Expenditures Education School Enrollment High School Dropout Rate Average SAT Scores Academic Performance Index (API) Statewide and Similar Schools Rank Crime Reported Crime and Crime Rates Criminal Justice Personnel Crime Expenditures Probation Caseloads Incarcerated Population Voter Information Voter Registration viii

10 Demographics 1. Demographics Demographic indicators explain the characteristics of human populations and population segments, and are especially helpful when used to identify consumer markets. This information can be beneficial to businesses and governments in defining the demand or need for specific products and services in the area. The population of has seen consistent growth in the last decade, and a sudden decrease in home interest rates in 2000 caused a major population influx in that year. As a result of this influx, Sonoma County's economy has grown rapidly to accommodate the new residents. Santa Rosa is the most populous city in the county, home to 154,500 residents as of Caucasians are the largest racial/ethnic group in, although projections for 2010 predict that the number of Hispanics in the county will increase significantly in coming years. The largest age group is in the range, and most of 's employed residents fall into the "some college, no degree" educational status category. In this section: Total Population Population by City Components of Population Change Age Distribution Population by Race/Ethnicity Population by Educational Attainment Land Area and Population Density

11 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Total population Overview Total population is used in calculating the growth rate of a specific area. Public officials and business owners use these figures to determine where and how much need there is for their services. The growth rate is also used to calculate projections for population figures. The three-year moving average is used in order to smooth out trends for both the counties and the state so that comparisons are more easily seen. The three-year moving average also makes erratic changes in trends less difficult to identify. For any given year, the growth rate is indicated as the average for that year, the previous year, and the following year. * Data for 1991 is not comparable to the previous year due to a change in methodology. is currently home to nearly 472,700 people, with a projected population of 541,100 by This projection is supported by the fact that population increase has been steady for the last twenty years, with an average annual increase of 7,923 people (2.1 percent). In 1990 alone, the county saw a population increase of 13,400 people, and population grew by another 14.7 percent from 1993 to This steady increase is due to a greater number of births than deaths in the area and a steady growth in employment opportunities (see page 8, "Components of Population Change" and page 32, "Total Employment"). Also, the California Department of Finance reported 299 people per square mile living in in See the graph below for a graphic representation of 's growing population from 1990 to 2010 (projected). Population Population Annual percent change , % 1991* 394, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % 2005(p) 491, % 2010(p) 529, % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit 600, , , , , , % 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0 Population Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California

12 Demographics Population by City Overview Population by city often gives a more accurate representation of the demographics of a particular area, by showing population clusters within the area. Advertising companies and business owners use city population numbers to decide in which cities their particular businesses could thrive. Population growth by city also helps identify rapidly developing new markets. Of the nine incorporated cities in Sonoma County, Santa Rosa, Petaluma, and Rohnert Park are the most populated, with approximately 152,900, 56,100, and 42,450 people respectively. The city of Cloverdale, although it ranks eighth in total population, is the fastest growing city in, with a population increase of 4 percent. This is probably due to a dramatic increase in available housing in Cloverdale from 1998 to 2001 (see section 7, "Total Housing Units"). The following figures present population data by city from 1990 to Again, it is important to note that although Cloverdale and Cotati are the smallest cities in Sonoma County, their growth percentages are the highest in the county. This growth is explained by the fact that Cloverdale and Cotati are also the cities with the largest increase in available housing over the last three years. City of Cloverdale Population 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Population Annual percent change ,890 n/a 1991* 5, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Cloverdale Population % 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Cloverdale

13 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Cotati Population Population Annual percent change ,625 n/a 1991* 5, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Healdsburg Population Population Annual percent change ,475 n/a 1991* 9, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Cotati Population 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, City of Healdsburg Population 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, % 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Cotati % 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Healdsburg

14 Demographics City of Petaluma Population Population Annual percent change ,800 n/a 1991* 43, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Rohnert Park Population Population Annual percent change ,000 n/a 1991* 36, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Petaluma Population 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, ,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 City of Rohnert Park Population % 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Petaluma % 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Rohnert Park

15 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Santa Rosa Population Population Annual percent change ,200 n/a 1991* 115, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Sebastapol Population Population Annual percent change ,950 n/a 1991* 7, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit 180, , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 City of Santa Rosa Population ,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 City of Sebastapol Population % 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Santa Rosa % 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Sebastapol

16 Demographics City of Sonoma Population Population Annual percent change ,025 n/a 1991* 8, % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit Town of Windsor Population Population Annual percent change ,550 n/a , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Sonoma Population 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, Town of Windsor Population 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, % 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Sonoma % 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Population Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Windsor

17 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Components of Population Change Overview Three factors make up the components of change: the number of births, deaths, and the total change in population from the previous year. Statisticians use these numbers to determine the natural increase and net migration of a particular area. Natural increase is the difference between the number of births and deaths. Net migration is the total change in population, minus the natural increase. See section 9 for the leading causes of death in. Components of change may also be indicative of a prospering or failing economy. For example, many people may often choose to move or have children based on their income. *Data for 1991 is not comparable to the previous year due to a change in methodology. Components of Population Change Total change Births Deaths Natural increase Net migration ,800 6,097 3,264 2,833 11, * 9,200 6,062 3,244 2,818 6, ,300 6,045 3,439 2,606 5, ,600 5,646 3,442 2,204 5, ,400 5,622 3,490 2,132 2, ,300 5,535 3,427 2,108 3, ,400 5,374 3,587 1,787 3, ,900 5,462 3,760 1,702 7, ,800 5,423 3,734 1,689 5, ,100 5,493 3,629 1,864 6, ,700 n/a n/a n/a n/a ,200 5,651 3,685 1,966 5, ,300 5,730 3,872 1,858 1,443 Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit The net migration in in 2002 was 1,443, and the total change in population from the previous year was 3,300 people. There were 5,730 births and 3,872 deaths in in 2002, for a natural increase of 1,858 people. The figures below show the components of population change in since ,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Components of Population Change Net migration Natural increase Total change

18 Demographics Age Distribution Overview Age distribution information is most valuable to companies who target specific age groups in their advertising. The age distribution in a given area affects the area's school system, public services, and economy. An area with a large number of young children, for example, will be attractive to owners of toy stores, day cares, and family recreation parks. Age distribution information is also used in conjunction with components of population change in order to make projected population estimates. that the members of the year old cluster have had children in : an indicator of a prospering economy and healthy job market. Also, the large number of middle-aged residents suggests a community largely made up of employed home owners. See the following chart for a graphic representation of age distribution in since The largest age group in in 2003 was the range, with 79,363 people. This number represents 16.5 percent of 's population, which is 1.5 percent higher than the state average. The 10-19, 30-39, and year old age groups are the three next most numerous, with populations of 67,751, 66,801, and 69,214 respectively. This means that year olds make up the largest population cluster in the county, accounting for 49 percent of all residents. The corresponding number of year olds in the area suggests Percent of Total Population by Age, 2003 California 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Age Distribution ,028 49,299 55,411 72,019 57,948 30,789 30,505 24,144 12, ,923 49,981 54,650 72,266 61,699 31,884 30,175 24,960 12, ,995 51,532 54,058 72,655 65,142 33,286 29,773 25,595 13, ,170 53,089 53,031 72,275 68,052 35,463 29,357 26,122 13, ,972 54,502 51,796 70,879 70,407 37,748 28,613 26,351 14, ,822 56,149 51,031 69,543 72,831 40,281 28,245 26,742 14, ,428 57,992 50,518 67,948 75,307 42,728 28,201 26,995 15, ,686 59,751 51,399 67,174 75,966 47,003 28,659 27,081 16, ,064 61,258 52,606 66,369 76,748 51,192 29,436 27,091 16, ,347 62,769 53,845 66,080 77,478 55,047 30,447 27,054 17, ,394 64,275 54,949 66,135 78,177 59,069 31,538 27,093 17, ,535 65,643 56,007 66,457 78,832 62,886 32,909 27,090 18, ,724 67,032 57,734 66,764 79,202 66,221 34,391 26,925 18, ,425 67,751 59,643 66,801 79,363 69,214 36,672 26,893 19, (p) 66,500 66,000 63,000 67,500 74,700 67,000 42,400 26,400 18, (p) 74,500 66,600 72,000 66,900 71,500 76,400 56,300 25,900 18,900 Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit; Center for Economic Development & 2010 Projections 9

19 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Population by Race/Ethnicity Overview Population by race statistics are used by grant writers and advertising companies to market products to a particular ethnic group. Grant writers use race/ethnicity information to determine whether investments in certain businesses are likely to be lucrative. Investing in an upstart radio station, for example, is a better investment in a predominantly Hispanic area, because statistics show that Hispanics listen to the radio for entertainment more than other ethnic groups. Advertising companies use race/ethnicity data in order to make their advertisements appealing to the ethnic groups that are common in a given area. Government officials and political candidates also use race/ethnicity data in order to tailor their campaigns to distinct ethnic groups in certain locations. Ethnic categories are based on the designations made by census respondents. In this section, the five ethnic groups are mutually exclusive. Despite a steady influx of minority groups in the last twenty years, is still predominantly white. 386,944 residents in the county classify themselves as Caucasian as of 2003, which is 80 percent of the total population. Hispanics represent the largest minority group, with 68,638 members as of Asians and Blacks are next, with 19,598 and 7,478 members respectively, and American Indians are the smallest minority group, with 4,445. The projected population of Hispanics in Sonoma County by 2010 is 225,700, making them the fastest growing minority group in the area and nearly matching the projected white population of 283,900 for the same year. Projected increases in population among people of Asian, Black, and American Indian ethnicity are nowhere near as great in number. The following figures show Sonoma County's population by ethnicity since Population by Race/Ethnicity Total White Hispanic Asian Black American Indian , ,200 41,800 10,400 5,300 3, , ,300 43,800 10,900 5,500 3, , ,500 45,900 11,400 5,700 3, , ,900 47,800 11,900 5,900 3, , ,100 49,300 12,200 6,000 3, , ,700 51,000 12,700 6,200 3, , ,400 52,700 13,100 6,300 4, , ,700 54,900 13,600 6,500 4, , ,500 57,100 14,200 6,700 4, , ,200 59,300 14,700 7,000 4, , ,549 61,043 16,448 6,980 4, , ,549 61,043 16,448 6,980 4, , ,549 61,043 16,448 6,980 4, , ,944 68,638 19,598 7,478 4, (p) 491, , ,500 17,600 6,700 3, (p) 529, , ,000 20,400 6,900 3,200 Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit; Center for Economic Development, 2005 & 2010 Projections % 80.0 % 60.0 % 40.0 % 20.0 % 0.0 % % 80.0 % 60.0 % 40.0 % 20.0 % Percent of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 1990 California White Hispanic Asian Black American Indian Percent of Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2003 California 0.0 % White Hispanic Asian Black American Indian 10

20 Demographics Population by Educational Attainment Overview Educational attainment information is used by businesses for market research, primarily by those wishing to target customers of a particular educational level. This information is also useful in determining the types of jobs that a particular area's economy will be able to support. Additionally, an area with a large number of college graduates usually translates into higher wage-earning potential, and a more diverse buyer market. Data here represents the number of people 18 years and over who have achieved a specified level of education. Of 's residents, 96,694 have had some college but earned no degree, making them the largest educational group in the area. This trend is in accordance with the rest of the state in which 25 percent of all residents - the largest educational group - claim some college but have earned no degree. High School graduates and residents holding bachelor's degrees are the next most common educational segment in, with 73,610 and 59,336 graduates in each respective category. is above the statewide average in residents holding high school diplomas, associate's degrees, bachelor's degrees, and graduate or postgraduate degrees. This means that overall, 's residents are better educated than the average resident of California. Population by Educational Attainment, Population 18 and Over, 1990 Less than 9th to 12th grade, no High school Some college, no 9th grade diploma graduate degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree Total City of Cloverdale ,487 City of Cotati ,078 1, ,161 City of Healdsburg ,671 1, ,959 City of Petaluma 1,334 3,305 8,723 8,763 2,811 4,853 2,195 31,984 City of Rohnert Park 812 2,431 6,857 8,933 2,677 3,962 1,004 26,676 City of Santa Rosa 4,047 9,375 20,383 23,641 8,301 14,033 6,673 86,453 City of Sebastopol ,202 1, ,156 City of Sonoma ,616 1, , ,621 Town of Windsor 764 1,284 2,787 2, , ,752 14,697 25,671 62,057 68,246 24,588 43,067 20, ,705 California 2,352,017 3,114,969 5,080,909 5,246,699 1,649,596 3,052,702 1,523,650 22,020,542 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% County Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 1990 & % Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 11

21 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Population by Educational Attainment, Population 18 and Over, 2000 Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no High school diploma graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree Total City of Cloverdale ,202 1, ,182 City of Cotati ,051 1, ,802 City of Healdsburg ,566 1, , ,983 City of Petaluma 2,410 3,908 8,128 11,178 3,543 7,769 3,401 40,337 City of Rohnert Park 1,055 2,809 7,416 10,688 3,090 4,891 1,791 31,740 City of Santa Rosa 8,377 11,172 24,150 30,476 9,995 18,543 8, ,694 City of Sebastopol ,095 1, , ,083 City of Sonoma ,452 1, , ,331 Town of Windsor 1,150 1,682 3,504 4,541 1,534 2,557 1,082 16,050 23,791 34,003 73,610 96,694 29,770 59,336 29, ,167 California 2,687,841 3,235,504 5,192,997 5,981,132 1,657,058 3,847,654 2,047,999 24,650,185 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 40.0% 30.0% County Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 California 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% City of Cotati Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 City of Cotati 10.0% 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 12

22 Demographics 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% City of Healdsburg Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 City of Healdsburg 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% City of Petaluma Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 City of Petaluma 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% City of Rohnert Park Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 City of Rohnert Park 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% City of Santa Rosa Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 City of Santa Rosa 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 13

23 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% City of Sebastopol Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 City of Sebastopol 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% City of Sonoma Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 City of Sonoma 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Town of Windsor Population by Educational Attainment (Percent of Total), 2000 Town of Windsor 0.0% Less than 9th grade 9th to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree 14

24 Demographics Land Area and Population Density Overview Population density is used to define the differences between urban and rural areas. This distinction is necessary in grant writing as well as comparing two different counties or areas. Population density is determined by dividing the total population of the area in question by that area's size in square miles. *Data for 1991 is not comparable to the previous year due to a change in methodology. 's total land area is 1,576 square miles. Because population has increased while land area has remained constant, 's population density has steadily risen over time. As of 2003, the population density in the county is residents per square mile, putting it well above the overall California population density of 228 people per square mile. It is projected that by 2010 population density in will have reached 350 people per square mile, which again supercedes the projected statewide density. Land Area and Population Density Land area (sq.miles) Total population Population density (per sq.mile) , , * 1, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (p) 1, , (p) 1, , Source: California Department of Finance Population Density (per sq. mile) California

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26 Environmental Factors 2. Environmental Factors Two major quality of life indicators are climate and air quality. Climate is a key factor in determining what types of limitations or opportunities exist for agricultural production or recreational activities. Air quality is an indicator of the health of the environment as well as a factor in defining the aesthetic quality of an area. Poor air quality may indicate a large amount of industrial activity in an area. As in the case of other quality of life indicators, these provide information useful for making decisions concerning residential and business location. Due to the varied terrain and coastal environment of, much of its recreational opportunities lie within the county s twelve California state parks, encompassing a total of 31,530 acres. The Austin Creek State Recreation Area is the largest state park in the county, with a total acreage of 5,927. Also, the California State Beach along the Pacific Coast boasts 5,427 acres of coastline. The Fort Ross and Petaluma Adobe State Historic parks may be of interest to Western Frontier enthusiasts, while visitors of a slightly more literary turn may enjoy the Jack London State Historic Park, with an acreage of 1,011. Below, the twelve state parks in are ranked by total acreage. State Parks and Recreation Areas Area Acres Austin Creek State Recreation Area 5,927 Salt Point State Park 5,685 Sonoma Coast State Beach 5,427 Annadel State Park 5,093 Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. 3,783 Fort Ross State Historic Park 3,393 Jack London State Historic Park 1,011 Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve 752 Kruse Rhododendron State Reserve 317 Sonoma State Historic Park 64 Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park 41 Still Water Cove State Park 36 In this section: Climate Data Air Quality

27 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Climate Data Overview This section shows climate readings from the Western Regional Climate Center for selected weather stations within. Climate data is collected on an ongoing basis and is reported by the Western Regional Climate Center in December of each year. The data expresses an annual average calculated over the time indicated below. There are five weather stations in ; in Cloverdale, Fort Ross, Healdsburg, Santa Rosa, and Sonoma. Of these, Cloverdale reports the most precipitation with an annual average of 44.1 inches. This and Cloverdale's warm temperatures make it ideal for agriculture. The following figure shows the average temperatures and precipitation rates in winter and summer for each weather station in the county. NOTE: The data here reflects an average of readings taken between the following years for each site: Average July and January Maximum Temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) Average Annual Precipitation (inches) July January Cloverdale Fort Ross Healdsburg Santa Rosa Sonoma Cloverdale Fort Ross Healdsburg Santa Rosa Sonoma Cloverdale: Healdsburg: Fort Ross: Santa Rosa: Sonoma: 7/22/1950 to present 1/1/1931 to present 7/1/1948 to present 1/6/1931 to present 2/12/1952 to present Average Climate Station Readings as of December 31, 2003 Cloverdale Fort Ross Healdsburg Santa Rosa Sonoma Average July maximum temp. (deg.) Average January maximum temp. (deg.) Average July minimum temp. (deg.) Average January minimum temp. (deg.) Average July precipitation (in.) Average January precipitation (in.) Average annual precipitation (in.) Average January snowfall (in.) Average annual snowfall (in.) Source: Western Regional Climate Center 18

28 Environmental Factors Air Quality Overview As industry, agricultural production, and traffic continue to increase in and across California, air quality becomes an important issue. Air quality affects all populations, especially the young, the elderly, and those with heart or lung problems. Air quality can be an important factor in determining where people are willing or able to live. Air quality is a general term used to describe various aspects of the air that plants and human populations are exposed to in their daily lives. There are four main contaminants that decrease air quality: particulates (PM10), tropospheric ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOX). Air pollutants are emitted by both stationary and mobile sources. Stationary sources include factories, power plants, and agricultural burning (forest fires and field burning). Mobile sources of pollution include automobiles, trucks, buses, and various types of recreational vehicles. Mobile sources are primarily responsible for decreases in air quality in Northern California. Air quality standards are set at both state and federal levels. The allowable levels for a particular pollutant are established to protect human health, avoid damage to sensitive vegetation, and preserve aesthetic values. If a region is in violation of one or more standards for allowable levels of the above four pollutants, the state may limit the type of new industrial facilities that can be built in the area and place more restrictions on existing operations in the future. PM 10 - Particulate matter over 10 microns in diameter. Ground level concentrations are measured in micrograms per cubic meter. CO - Carbon monoxide. Ground level concentrations are measured in parts per million The air quality in is generally good, and in 2002 the county air quality was only above the state standard twelve days out of the year, with no days above the federal standard. Also, in all twelve days the only pollutant that was too abundant by state standards was particulate matter, with no other pollutant becoming dangerously abundant all year. Air quality measurements were taken in Santa Rosa at 5th Street. See the figure below for air quality by pollutant in in NOTE: Measurements taken in Santa Rosa at 5th Street Ozone Concentrations (ppm) PM10 - Days Above State 24-Hour Std. Max. 1-Hr. Concentration Max. 8-Hr. Concentration NO 1 - Nitrogen dioxide. Ground level concentrations are measured in parts per million. 19

29 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile County Air Quality Pollutant (measurement) Measure Ozone (ppm) Max. 1-Hr. Concentration Ozone (ppm) Max. 8-Hr. Concentration Ozone (ppm) Days Above State Std Ozone (ppm) Days Above Nat'l 1-Hr. Std Ozone (ppm) Days Above Nat'l 8-Hr. Std PM 10 (ug/m 3 ) Max. 24-Hr. Concentration PM 10 (ug/m 3 ) Max. Annual Geometric Mean PM 10 (ug/m 3 ) Days Above State 24-Hr. Std PM 10 (ug/m 3 ) Days Above Nat'l 24-Hr. Std CO (ppm) Max. 8-Hr. Concentration CO (ppm) Days Above State 8-Hr. Std CO (ppm) Days Above Nat'l 8-Hr. Std NO 2 (ppm) Max. 1-Hr. Concentration NO 2 (ppm) Max. Annual Average Source: California Air Resources Board 20

30 Agriculture 3. Agriculture In certain areas of Northern California, agricultural production constitutes a significant portion of the economic base. The amount of agricultural production in an area can indicate the type of economy and businesses that are successful, as well as what kinds of jobs are available. Areas particularly dependent on a few agricultural crops can also experience considerable instability in their economic performance as product prices fluctuate. has a rich winery district, and accordingly, grapes are the primary cash crop in the area. Not only are more grapes harvested each year than any other crop, they also fetch one of the highest prices in the market. The high value and abundant quantity of grapevines in have accounted for a significant portion of their agricultural economy and overall financial stability. The prevalence of fine wineries in the area has also led to increased tourism, as described in section eight. All information for this section was collected from the Calfornia Agricultural Statistics Service. In this section: Total Harvested Acreage of Farms Value of Agricultural Production Top Crops by Total Value Top Crops by Price per Unit Harvested Acreage of Top Crops Production of Top Crops

31 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Total Harvested Acreage of Farms Overview Total harvested acreage of a given area is used to identify trends in that area's agricultural markets and to indicate the amount of land that is dedicated to agriculture in a particular county. Total harvested acreage is the amount of land that is harvested for agricultural products in a given year. This includes field crops, vegetable crops, seed crops, and rangeland. Harvested acreage can fluctuate due to flooding, fields that are left fallow for a season, and replanting of orchards which must grow for three to four years before they can be harvested. Total Harvested Acreage Total acres harvested Percent of state total , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Agricultural Statistics Service A total of 448,964 acres of land were harvested in in 2001, which accounts for 1.5 percent of the total harvested land in California. Nearly 2,000 more acres in were harvested in 2001 than in See the following illustrations for a graphic representation of harvested acreage by year, and the percent of California harvest produced in. 500, , , , ,000 0 Total Harvested Acreage

32 Agriculture Value of Agricultural Production Overview Agricultural production measures the financial contribution in dollars that agriculture makes to its surrounding area's economy. Agricultural production affects many areas of a county's economy, including jobs, income, and the economic output of related industries. When agricultural production declines, so do purchases from local businesses. Decreasing purchases of seed, fertilizer, equipment, transportation services, and other production inputs has spillover effects on the suppliers of agricultural inputs as well. Agricultural production accounted for $564,767 in in 2002, which is approximately a $20,000 decrease from the previous year. This decrease may be due to the construction of new houses in the area to accommodate the increased number of residents. Despite this small decline in agricultural production, however, the three-year span from 2000 to 2003 has been the most productive three-year span in the history of the county. Timber production in 2000 was at an all-time high, which is also a result of an increase in houses being built. Timber production since 2000 has dropped off, accounting for some of the loss in agricultural production. Agriculture and Timber Production (thousands) Agricultural production Total timber production Timber as a percent of total Total production 1995 $ 342,550 $ 11, % $ 354, $ 389,572 $ 14, % $ 403, $ 507,121 $ 11, % $ 518, $ 453,535 $ 7, % $ 461, $ 483,038 $ 14, % $ 497, $ 585,039 $ 19, % $ 604, $ 584,049 $ 5, % $ 589, $ 564,767 $ 3, % $ 568,250 Source: California Agricultural Statistics Service $700,000 $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $0 Agricultural Production (thousands) $25,000 Timber Production (thousands) $20,000 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $

33 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Top Crops by Total Value Overview The crops of greatest importance in a given area also make the most significant contribution to local income. Availability of soil and climate conditions may give an area a comparative advantage in the production of a particular agricultural commodity. Wine grapes are by far 's most valuable crop, accounting for $376,422 of total agricultural production in the area in 2002, and also bringing in the highest price per unit (see the following section for more details). In fact, the county's value of wine grapes has consistently been the highest in the state over the last few years, close in value with San Joaquin County, and more recently, Napa County. The majority of these grapes are owned by, or sold to nearby wineries, making them a valuable commodity in 's tourism activities. Milk and livestock/poultry are the two most valuable commodity groups after grapes, contributing $76,050 and $41,887 respectively. Of the three main commodity groups, grape production fluctuates the most, and in 2000 saw an all time high of $389,854 f.o.b. These fluctuations are due to the amount of land available for planting each year, and grapes' comparative fragility. Milk and livestock/poultry are more consistent commodities, though they are also less lucrative. Top Crops by Value, 2002 (thousands) Grapes, Wine $ 376,422 Milk, Market $ 76,050 Livestock and Poultry $ 41,887 Nursery, Ornamentals $ 11,919 Cattle and Calves $ 11,527 Vegetable Crops $ 10,131 Nursery Products $ 9,909 Livestock and Poultry Products $ 8,865 Apples, All $ 4,586 Nursery, Bedding Plants $ 1,615 Source: California Agricultural Statistics Service $400,000 $350,000 $300,000 $250,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 Top Crops by Value Grapes, Wine Milk, Market Livestock and Poultry Historical Crops by Value Crop Grapes, Wine $ 158,825 $ 175,572 $ 298,147 $ 231,828 $ 269,271 $ 389,854 $ 374,390 Milk, Market $ 71,896 $ 83,878 $ 82,562 $ 95,224 $ 91,171 $ 79,854 $ 90,848 Livestock and Poultry $ 20,091 $ 26,036 $ 26,919 $ 26,919 $ 39,706 $ 40,054 $ 41,756 Source: California Agricultural Statistics Service 24

34 Agriculture Top Crops by Price per Unit Overview Although some crops may yield a high annual total, certain crops bring in a higher price per unit. Price per unit is determined by crop availability and market demand. Buyers paid $2,055 per ton for wine grapes in 2002, making them the highest priced agricultural product in. Again, these prices are due to the high demand for grapes from the many wineries throughout Northern California. Because they are both the most widely sold and the highest priced product in, grapes make up a vital part of the county's agricultural wellbeing. The price per unit for wine grapes has consistently ranked among the highest prices in the state. $2,500 $2,250 $2,000 $1,750 $1,500 $1,250 $1,000 $750 $500 $250 $0 Top Crops Price per Unit (Tons) Grapes, Wine Walnuts, English Dried Plums English walnuts are the product that buyers pay the second highest amount, at $1,132 per ton. Despite this excellent price, however, English walnuts are not abundant enough in to make up a significant part of its agricultural economy. Dried plums are the third most highly-priced product, yielding $724 per ton in Again, however, dried plums are not as readily available to make up a significant part of 's agricultural economy. Top Crops Price per Unit (Tons) Grapes, Wine $ 1,135 $ 1,890 $ 1,740 $ 1,589 $ 1,372 $ 2,043 $ 2,157 $ 2,055 Walnuts, English $ 1,120 $ 1,407 $ 1,211 $ 1,066 $ 872 $ 1,300 $ 1,056 $ 1,132 Dried Plums $ 1,046 $ 896 $ 893 $ 510 $ 892 $ 898 $ 809 $ 724 Oats, Grain $ 210 $ 237 $ 380 $ 260 $ 147 $ 106 $ 107 $ 212 Apples, All $ 160 $ 210 $ 179 $ 156 $ 130 $ 120 $ 163 $ 171 Milk, Market Fluid (CWT) $ 12 $ 14 $ 16 $ 13 $ 14 $ 12 $ 14 $ 11 Source: California Agricultural Statistics Service 25

35 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Harvested Acreage of Top Crops Overview Many factors influence the harvested acreage in a certain area, and the total acreage dedicated to agriculture fluctuates yearly. A decline in acreage for a specific crop may occur when urbanization permanently removes land from the production cycle. Varying weather patterns, pest control, or federal laws may also affect the amount of crops harvested annually. Additionally, there may be considerable variation in production of the life cycle of certain crops. Wine grapes again dominate in harvested acreage across, with 46,587 acres of grapes being harvested in The vast amount of grapes harvested and the high price that buyers pay for grapes in the market make them by far 's most valuable agricultural commodity. In 2001 and 2002, the county harvested the highest number of acres of wine grapes in the state. Hay and apples were the next most widely harvested crops, with 6,135 acres of hay and 2,956 acres of apples harvested in ,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 Top Crops Harvested Acreage Grapes, Wine Hay, Grain Apples, All Top Crops Harvested Acreage Crops Grapes, Wine 33,189 33,703 34,121 35,334 42,227 42,220 43,589 46,587 Hay, Grain 10,006 9,799 9,890 6,705 4,497 5,986 7,806 6,135 Apples, All 5,298 4,407 4,458 4,144 4,047 3,781 2,933 2,956 Pasture, Range 379, , , , , , , ,639 Pasture, Irrigated 9,550 9,500 9,500 9,450 9,450 9,550 9,450 9,350 Source: California Agricultural Statistics Service 26

36 Agriculture Production of Top Crops Overview The amount of harvested acreage and production of the county's most valuable crops can be directly related. Similar indicators affecting a crop s harvest may also affect the amount of production during the year. For example, some crops may be produced, harvested, and marketed in the same season, while others may be harvested and released onto the market at a later date. This may be apparent in high variations of production for specific crops, while the harvested acreage remains somewhat stable. Between 1995 and 2002, produced an average of close to 160,000 tons of wine grapes each year, and this amount has been steadily increasing. According to the California Agricultural Commissioner's Reports, was the top wine grape producer in the state in 2001 and 2002, followed by Sacramento and Mendocino counties. The amount of apples produced in the county has fluctuated much since 1995, with a significant drop in This may be due to a number of factors, including various reports submitted by agricultural producers, as well as weather, and overall crop resiliency. Milk as a market fluid was included as it had the highest amount of production in CWT, or hundredweight (100 pounds). This is a reflection of 's dairy industry, although not expressed in the same measurement as the other commodities. Top Crops Production (Tons) Crops Grapes, Wine 139, , , , , , , ,139 Apples, All 34,268 49,500 51,133 37,996 45,713 18,753 36,285 26,804 Hay Grain 22,539 20,015 17,594 15,646 12,920 15,442 16,710 17,307 Corn Silage 8,663 5,020 4,400 7,900 7,715 9,265 9,165 9,865 Milk, Market Fluid (CWT) 5,869,023 5,849,219 6,235,778 6,061,344 6,456,837 6,588,643 6,521,726 6,630,314 Source: California Agricultural Statistics Service 250,000 Top Crops Production (Tons) Grapes, Wine Apples, All Hay Grain 200, , ,000 50,

37

38 Labor Market 4. Labor Market The labor market is a significant indicator of the economic and social condition of a community. It identifies labor trends in a community, as well as defines the supply and demand for employment, and the strength of the businesses that are supporting that demand. From labor market information, conclusions can be drawn about the economic motivation of the county's population, the availability of jobs, the social climate of the area, and the standards of living. Overall, 's labor force, employment, and unemployment have been showing consistent positive trends over the last decade. The labor force continues to increase, along with general employment, while unemployment has remained below the state average for a number of years. In general, unemployment rises and falls during periods of agricultural activity, as is the case in many California counties. The following section provides specific data on all these indicators. In analyzing the status of a community's labor force, the following definitions may be helpful: Labor force is equal to employment plus unemployment Employment refers to people working at least one hour per week. Unemployment refers to people working less that one hour per week, but actively seeking work during that week. Unemployment Rate is equal to unemployment divided by labor force. The twelfth of each month is the date used to determine a person's employment status. This date was originally chosen because at the time, there were no holidays in the week that included the twelfth. Although that may not be true now, mid-month time periods are less volatile to changes in the overall business climate, so that date remains a consistent gauge by which the Bureau of Labor Statistics collects their data. In this section: Labor Force Total Employment Unemployment Monthly Labor Statistics

39 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Labor Force Overview Increases in labor force indicate economic growth in an area, so the percentage of change in labor force from year to year is important to prospective business owners looking for new areas in which to develop. In addition to employed workers and unemployed county residents actively seeking work, the labor force includes workers who have been laid off and are waiting to be called back to work. Labor force does not include people who are in prisons, mental hospitals, or nursing homes, and under the age of sixteen. In 2003, 257,400 residents of were members of the labor force, a 3.5 percent increase from the previous year. The labor force in has increased steadily for the last twenty years, with a projected labor force of 296,400 by This steady increase indicates a thriving economy and perpetual increase in available employment and business growth. Santa Rosa boasts the strongest labor force in with 73,640 members as of 2003, and its labor force has grown by 24 percent since Petaluma and Rohnert Park have the next strongest labor force, with 29,920 and 25,780 members respectively. However, Cloverdale's labor force has grown the fastest between 1990 and 2000, with a 38.2 percent increase. The growth in labor force in Cloverdale matches all other growth trends in the city, as housing, population, and businesses continue to thrive in the area. Labor Force and Percent Change by City or Town Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastopol Sonoma Sonoma County Annual percent change ,000 24,080 20,680 59,170 3,590 18, ,800 n/a ,110 24,570 21,220 60,540 3,690 19, , % ,240 25,180 21,850 32,190 3,800 19, , % ,300 25,460 22,060 62,830 3,850 19, , % ,410 26,040 22,510 64,200 3,920 20, , % ,380 25,910 22,370 63,840 3,890 20, , % ,510 26,580 22,870 65,360 3,980 20, , % ,750 27,710 23,790 68,070 4,130 21, , % ,920 28,550 24,470 70,070 4,260 22, , % ,010 28,990 24,800 71,090 4,310 22, , % ,210 29,990 25,650 73,540 4,460 23, , % ,320 30,520 26,140 74,880 4,540 23, , % ,330 30,520 26,260 75,070 4,570 23, , % ,210 29,920 25,780 73,640 4,490 23, , % 2005 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 274, % 2010 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 296, % Source: California Employment Development Department. Cloverdale and Cotati 1990 & 2000 from U.S. Bureau of the Census; calculated by the CED based on a constant percent change. 30

40 Labor Market Labor Force 350, , , , , ,000 50, % 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% -0.5% Labor Force Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California

41 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Total Employment Overview Total employment indicates the overall health of the economy. A decrease in employment indicates a slowing of the economy in a given area and will directly impact consumer spending and local development. Adversely, an increase in employment indicates an increase in consumer spending and local development. A city with a steadily increasing employment rate is more likely to attract more residents and gain more wealth. As of 2003, 244,800 members of 's labor force were employed, a 3.8 percent decrease over the preceding year. Yet employment is expected to continue rising in upcoming years, with projected employment totals of 261,600 in 2005 and 282,700 by This steady growth in employment indicates an increase in spending power for the average worker in, and ultimately means greater economic strength for Sonoma County in the years to come. In Santa Rosa, 70,140 members of the labor force were employed as of 2003, the highest number in any city in. This total is followed by 28,730 employed residents in Petaluma, and 24,370 employed residents in Rohnert Park. Again, however, Cloverdale showed the greatest increase in employment rates, with a 41.8 percent increase between 1990 and , , , , ,000 50, % 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% -1.0% -2.0% 0 County Employment Employment Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California

42 Labor Market Total Employment and Percent Change by City or Town Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastopol Sonoma Sonoma County Annual Percent Change ,820 23,300 19,780 56,950 3,430 18, ,800 n/a ,850 23,470 19,910 57,300 3,450 18, , % ,900 23,730 20,130 57,940 3,490 18, , % ,980 24,100 20,440 58,830 3,550 19, , % ,120 24,810 21,040 60,570 3,650 19, , % ,110 24,740 20,980 60,400 3,640 19, , % ,290 25,630 21,740 62,570 3,770 20, , % ,550 26,860 22,780 65,580 3,950 20, , % ,740 27,780 23,560 67,810 4,090 21, , % ,860 28,360 24,050 69,240 4,170 22, , % ,060 29,350 24,890 71,650 4,320 22, , % ,150 29,790 25,270 72,740 4,380 23, , % ,070 29,400 24,930 71,770 4,330 22, , % ,930 28,730 24,370 70,140 4,230 22, , % 2005 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 261, % 2010 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 282, % Source: California Employment Development Department. Cloverdale and Cotati 1990 & 2000 from U.S. Bureau of the Census; calculated by the CED based on a constant percent change. 33

43 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Unemployment Overview Unemployment rates can provide information about which direction the economy of a given area is headed. If the unemployment rate rises, either fewer people are working, or more people are actively seeking work. When employment is declining faster than unemployment, this indicates that fewer people are working. When employment is increasing, but at a slower rate than unemployment, more people are actively seeking work. Therefore a slight increase in unemployment from one year to the next does not necessarily indicate a failing economy. Ideally unemployment will decrease as a city develops. In 2003, 12,600 members of 's labor force were unemployed, making up 4.9 percent of the labor force overall. This number is expected to increase to 12,600 by 2005 and 13,800 by 2010, which would be 3.4 percent and 3.2 percent of total labor force respectively. Despite these numbers, however, 's unemployment rate has been consistently lower than the California average since When statewide unemployment swelled to 9.4 percent in 1993, 's unemployment rate was at 6.5 percent and declining. County Unemployment County unemployment Annual percent change Unemployment rate ,000 n/a 3.9% , % 5.5% , % 7.0% , % 6.5% , % 5.8% , % 5.5% , % 4.4% , % 3.8% , % 3.3% , % 2.7% , % 2.6% , % 2.9% , % 4.5% , % 4.9% , % 3.4% , % 3.2% Source: California Employment Development Department; 2005 & 2010 projections calculated by the Center for Economic Development Total Unemployment and Percent Change by City or Town Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastopol Sonoma , ,100 1,310 3, ,450 1,720 4, , ,360 1,620 4, , ,230 1,470 3, , ,170 1,390 3, ,130 2, ,010 2, , , , , ,120 1,330 3, ,190 1,410 3, Source: California Employment Development Department 34

44 Labor Market 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Unemployment % 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% -5.0% -10.0% -15.0% -20.0% Unemployment Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California % Unemployment Rate California 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0%

45 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Average Monthly Labor Statistics Overview Average monthly labor statistics are used to predict seasonal trends in unemployment. Agriculturally dependent areas tend to experience month-to-month fluctuations in unemployment that cannot be seen using the annual average. Variation in average monthly unemployment tends to reflect harvesting and planting seasons. Typically, May through October experience the lowest unemployment while January through March experiences the highest. This indicator is especially important in Northern California where agriculture remains the dominant industry. January and February have been the months with the highest average unemployment rates between 1990 and 2002, with rates of 5.1 and 5.0 percent, respectively. September through December has been the period with the lowest unemployment, ranging from 4.0 to 4.2 percent. In all cases, the average monthly unemployment rate for was lower than the statewide average. Average Monthly Labor Statistics, Month Labor force Empl. Unempl. Unempl. rate Jan 232, ,214 11, % Feb 233, ,264 11, % Mar 234, ,364 11, % Apr 234, ,879 10, % May 235, ,521 10, % Jun 237, ,421 10, % Jul 236, ,300 11, % Aug 238, ,536 10, % Sep 239, ,100 9, % Oct 241, ,979 9, % Nov 239, ,207 9, % Dec 237, ,286 9, % Source: California Employment Development Department Average Monthly Labor Force, , , , , ,000 50,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Monthly Unemployment, ,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Monthly Employment, , , , ,000 50,000 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Average Monthly Unemployment Rate, California Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 36

46 Income 5. Income Income factors significantly affect the nature of people's consumer choices and local economies, and can reflect the educational attainment and quality of life in a community. Income influences buying and spending power, and serves as a gauge for comparison to surrounding areas. Between 1990 and 2001, 's total personal income has been steadily increasing, to a high of over $16 million in This total is expected to increase to close to $30 million by Also between 1990 and 2001, income per capita increased 53 percent, compared to an average 49 percent increase throughout the state. Also, while the poverty rate increased 6.6 percent between 1989 and 1999, this was just under half of the increase in California of 13.6 percent. In this section: Total Personal Income Components of Total Personal Income Components of Transfer Payments Per Capita Income Median Household Income Poverty Rate

47 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Total Personal Income Overview Total personal income is calculated by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, as "the sum of wage and salary disbursements, other labor income, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and transfer payments to persons, minus personal contributions for social insurance. $30,000,000 $25,000,000 $20,000,000 $15,000,000 $10,000,000 $5,000,000 Total Personal Income The total personal income in was $16,172,878 in 2001, a 0.2 percent decrease from the previous year. Total personal income is expected to increase in coming years however, with a projected total of $21,511,300 in 2005 and $28,519,300 in These projections indicate an economy that is steadily growing, and a buyer market that will continue to gain spending power in the future. As the following figure shows, total personal income in has always been competitive with the statewide average. Total Personal Income Total personal income (1,000s) Annual percent change 1990 $ 8,875,485 n/a 1991 $ 9,217, % 1992 $ 9,637, % 1993 $ 9,939, % 1994 $ 10,370, % 1995 $ 10,797, % 1996 $ 11,484, % 1997 $ 12,444, % 1998 $ 13,452, % 1999 $ 14,292, % 2000 $ 16,203, % 2001 $ 16,172, % 2005(p) $ 21,511, % 2010(p) $ 28,519, % Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% $ Total Personal Income Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California

48 Income Components of Total Personal Income Overview According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, total personal income includes the following: Earnings by place of work is the total income earned from jobs located in Butte County. Based on business tax returns, these earnings can be wages, salary disbursements, other labor income, or proprietor's income within the county regardless of the employee's place of residence. Dividends, interest, and rent are considered returns on investments and include payments made by corporations located in the United Sates or abroad to stockholders who are U.S. residents, monetary interest and imputed interest received by individuals, nonprofit institutions, estates, and trusts. These also include the income of persons from the rental of real property and the royalties received by persons from patents, copyrights, and rights to natural resources. Personal contributions for social insurance are always below zero, and therefore are counted in earnings but are not counted as income. These include payments made by employees, by the self-employed, and by other individuals to programs such as the federal deposit insurance, Social Security, and Medicare. Adjustment by place of residence is made so that total personal income is an indicator that reveals income by place of residence instead of by place of work. This is helpful to examine the amount of people that live and work within the county, not commuters. Positive residence adjustments indicate that more people live in the county and work outside the county. Negative residence adjustments indicate that more people work in the county, but live outside of it. Components of Total Personal Income (thousands) Earnings by place of work Dividends, interest, and rent Personal Transfer contributions for payments social insurance Adjustment for residence Total personal income 1990 $ 4,838,019 $ 2,124,677 $ 922,902 $ (284,761) $ 1,274,648 $ 8,875, $ 5,048,470 $ 2,185,383 $ 1,026,686 $ (309,340) $ 1,265,856 $ 9,217, $ 5,309,307 $ 2,200,501 $ 1,178,126 $ (324,985) $ 1,274,616 $ 9,637, $ 5,502,162 $ 2,277,662 $ 1,229,023 $ (341,730) $ 1,272,041 $ 9,939, $ 5,767,579 $ 2,412,825 $ 1,273,156 $ (363,131) $ 1,280,406 $ 10,370, $ 5,928,445 $ 2,623,399 $ 1,332,089 $ (373,752) $ 1,287,438 $ 10,797, $ 6,418,562 $ 2,808,884 $ 1,385,125 $ (390,213) $ 1,262,128 $ 11,484, $ 7,193,870 $ 2,997,598 $ 1,403,581 $ (427,503) $ 1,277,280 $ 12,444, $ 7,977,762 $ 3,172,284 $ 1,453,682 $ (470,051) $ 1,318,418 $ 13,452, $ 8,647,303 $ 3,273,353 $ 1,496,100 $ (508,714) $ 1,293,466 $ 14,201, $ 9,834,626 $ 3,389,134 $ 1,557,072 $ (567,709) $ 1,833,287 $ 16,046, $ 9,839,647 $ 3,900,414 $ 1,703,132 $ (597,435) $ 1,327,120 $ 16,172, (p) $ 13,376,700 $ 4,788,800 $ 2,108,700 $ (770,000) $ 1,325,800 $ 20,830, (p) $ 183,344,000 $ 6,248,200 $ 2,794,100 $ (1,067,500) $ 1,336,700 $ 27,645,800 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis 39

49 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Transfer payments are compensations for work not immediately performed. They can be payments made by government and businesses to individuals and nonprofit institutions. Transfer payments include a wide variety of payments that are described in the following section. The overall total personal income in in 2001 was $16,172,878, with the expectation that it will rise to $27,645,800 by Unlike the California average of 74 percent, however, only 61 percent of the income of residents comes from earnings by place of work: 22 percent comes from dividends, interest, and rent, and 10 percent from transfer payments. There is a 10 percent adjustment for residence in, indicating that more people live in but commute outside of the county for work. 80.0% Components of Total Personal Income (Percent of Total), 1990 California 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% -20.0% Earnings by place of work Dividends, Transfer payments Personal cont. for interest, and rent social insurance Adjustment for residence 80.0% 60.0% 40.0% 20.0% 0.0% Components of Total Personal Income (Percent of Total), 2001 California -20.0% Earnings by place of work Dividends, interest, and rent Transfer payments Personal cont. for social insurance Adjustment for residence 40

50 Income Components of Transfer Payments Overview Transfer payments are a component of total personal income. They are payments made by government or a business, to an individual or nonprofit institution, but the payment cannot be compensation for current work or a service previously performed. Returns on investments such as dividends, interest, and rent are not considered transfer payments. The nine major components of transfer payments are listed below: Retirement and disability insurance benefit payments include the Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI), commonly known as Social Security, and a variety of other programs such as federal, state, and local government employee retirement benefits. Medical payments include Medicare, Medicaid, and the Civilian Health and Medical Plan of the Uniformed Services program (CHAMPUS) payments. Income maintenance benefit payments include SSI, TANF, CalWorks, food stamps, and other income supplements. Unemployment insurance benefit payments include state, federal, veteran, and other unemployment compensation. Veteran benefit payments include veteran pensions, life insurance, educational assistance, and other payments to veterans and their survivors. Federal education and training assistance payments include payments to non-veterans in the form of fellowships, loan interest subsidies, educational grants, and Job Corps payments. Other payments to individuals include Indian Affairs payments, compensation to survivors of fallen public safety officers, victims of crime, victims of disaster, compensation for Japanese internment, and other special payments to individuals. Business payments to individuals include any payments to non-employees and consist largely of personal injury liability payments to individuals. Components of Transfer Payments (thousands) Ret. & disab. insurance benefit payments Medical payments Income maintenance benefit payments Unemp. insurance benefit payments Veterans benefit payments Fed. educ. & training assistance payments Other payments to individuals Payments to nonprofit institutions Business payments to individuals 1990 $ 441,988 $ 268,273 $ 99,386 $ 25,976 $ 23,613 $ 9,219 $ 3,027 $ 25,412 $ 26, $ 487,133 $ 291,702 $ 110,486 $ 45,563 $ 24,727 $ 8,763 $ 3,425 $ 29,482 $ 25, $ 522,333 $ 355,797 $ 124,821 $ 77,281 $ 25,632 $ 9,807 $ 3,608 $ 31,897 $ 26, $ 544,740 $ 380,034 $ 129,679 $ 75,384 $ 26,409 $ 10,950 $ 1,699 $ 35,045 $ 25, $ 562,349 $ 414,180 $ 138,422 $ 49,681 $ 28,286 $ 11,885 $ 1,788 $ 40,228 $ 26, $ 583,301 $ 442,429 $ 145,973 $ 42,143 $ 30,360 $ 12,981 $ 1,849 $ 43,917 $ 29, $ 608,742 $ 469,078 $ 151,342 $ 35,659 $ 33,457 $ 12,796 $ 2,208 $ 42,382 $ 29, $ 630,560 $ 472,402 $ 139,562 $ 31,366 $ 33,955 $ 17,731 $ 1,557 $ 45,307 $ 31, $ 653,107 $ 498,477 $ 139,104 $ 28,955 $ 36,226 $ 16,768 $ 1,493 $ 47,205 $ 32, $ 672,938 $ 511,866 $ 139,146 $ 27,665 $ 40,771 $ 17,198 $ 1,616 $ 52,131 $ 33, $ 713,598 $ 524,490 $ 143,001 $ 26,363 $ 39,631 $ 16,618 $ 2,083 $ 52,627 $ 36, $ 753,927 $ 609,480 $ 146,332 $ 37,387 $ 40,656 $ 18,823 $ 3,251 $ 54,561 $ 38, (p) $ 901,300 $ 808,600 $ 165,800 $ 42,000 $ 48,800 $ 24,000 $ 3,300 $ 70,900 $ 44, (p) $ 1,137,300 $ 1,162,400 $ 195,700 $ 49,100 $ 61,800 $ 32,900 $ 3,400 $ 99,400 $ 52,200 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis Government Payments to Individuals 41

51 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Transfer payments are important when considering federal, state, and local expenditures. They are estimated on the basis of directly reported data and are payments to persons for services that are not obtained in the current period. In order to have an accurate view of a county's economic condition it is pertinent to know these categorical breakdowns and their definitions. In, retirement and disability insurance benefit payments accounted for 44.3 percent (the largest fraction) of total transfer payments in 2001, compared to 33.5 percent in California. While medical payments increased 6.7 percent between 1990 and 2001, all other categories of transfer payments in the county experienced between -3.6 and 0.5 percent change during the same time. A similar trend occurred throughout the state, with medical payments increasing 9.4 percent. Total government payments to individuals in accounted for 95.5 percent of all transfer payments in 2001, similar to the 94.8 percent in California. 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Components of Transfer Payments (Percent of Total), 1990 California 0.0% Ret. & disab. insurance benefit payments Medical payments Income maintenance benefit payments Unemp. insurance benefit payments Veterans benefit payments Fed. educ. & training assistance payments Other payments to individuals Payments to nonprofit institutions Business payments to individuals 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% Components of Transfer Payments (Percent of Total), 2001 California 0.0% Ret. & disab. insurance benefit payments Medical payments Income maintenance benefit payments Unemp. insurance benefit payments Veterans benefit payments Fed. educ. & training assistance payments Other payments to individuals Payments to nonprofit institutions Business payments to individuals 42

52 Income Per Capita Income Overview Per capita income is defined as total income divided by total population. It is the broadest statistical measure of well-being in the county. Changes in per capita income indicate trends in a county's standard of living, or the availability of resources to an individual, family, or society. Per capita income tends to follow the business cycle, rising in the peaks and falling in the troughs. It can also be used to measure the amount of funding a county is eligible to receive from grant making organizations. The per capita income in as of 2001 was $34,671, which is 1.5 percent less than the previous year. Despite this recent decrease, per capita income is expected to rise to $42,380 by 2005, and continue growing for the next several years, reaching $52,241 by Typically the per capita income of has matched statewide trends, rising and falling with the California average. Per Capita Income Per capita income Annual percent change 1990 $ 22,729 n/a 1991 $ 23, % 1992 $ 23, % 1993 $ 24, % 1994 $ 24, % 1995 $ 25, % 1996 $ 26, % 1997 $ 28, % 1998 $ 30, % 1999 $ 31, % 2000 $ 35, % 2001 $ 34, % 2005(p) $ 42, % 2010(p) $ 52, % Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis $ 60,000 $ 50,000 $ 40,000 $ 30,000 $ 20,000 $ 10, % 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% $ 0 Per Capita Income California Per Capita Income Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California

53 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Median Household Income Overview Median household income is the level of income at which half of all families are above and half of all families are below. It is also a popular measure of a region's income level, and is often used for researching funding opportunities. However, median household income is not a major determinant of standard of living. It is possible for a region to have a high standard of living, but a low median household income. This could be due to a favorable environment or lower cost of living expenses, which can increase the quality of life. Median Household Income City of Cotati $ 36,670 $ 52,808 City of Healdsburg $ 33,712 $ 48,995 City of Petaluma $ 40,926 $ 61,679 City of Rohnert Park $ 36,097 $ 51,942 City of Santa Rosa $ 35,237 $ 50,931 City of Sebastopol $ 33,005 $ 46,436 $ 32,477 $ 53,076 California $ 35,798 $ 47,493 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census The total median household income in Sonoma County in 1999 was $53,076. This number is considerably higher than the California median household income of $47,493 in the same year. Of the cities in, Petaluma had the highest median household income, at $61,679 in The city of Sebastopol, with a median household income of $46,436, was the only city in with a lower median household income than the statewide average. This means that Sonoma County is one of the wealthier counties in the state and, consequently, its residents may have more spending power than the average Californian. $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 Median Household Income, 1989 & 1999 Cotati Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastopol Sonoma County California 44

54 Income Poverty Rate Overview Following the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) Statistical Policy Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine whether or not a family is in poverty. If a family's total income is less than that family's threshold, then that family is considered to be impoverished. The poverty thresholds do not change geographically, but they are updated annually for inflation. The official poverty definition includes money income before taxes and does not include capital gains or non-cash benefits such as public housing, Medi-Cal, or food stamps. A high poverty rate in a given area indicates a sagging economy and underdeveloped business in the community. It may also indicate a scarcity of available employment. The average poverty rate among the nine cities in in 1999 was 8.1 percent, well below the statewide average of 14.2 percent. All cities in Sonoma County were below the California average poverty rate as of 1999, and Healdsburg had the highest poverty rate in the county, at 9.4 percent. At 6.0 percent, the city of Petaluma had the lowest poverty rate in the county. The overall low poverty rate in is indicative of a thriving economy and good employment opportunities in the area. Also, these numbers reflect the high spending power of 's residents. Poverty Rates City of Cotati 8.8% 8.3% City of Healdsburg 7.7% 9.4% City of Petaluma 4.2% 6.0% City of Rohnert Park 8.5% 8.0% City of Santa Rosa 8.3% 8.9% City of Sebastopol 6.1% 6.9% 7.6% 8.1% California 12.5% 14.2% Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 20.0% Poverty Rates, 1989 & % 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Cotati Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastopol Sonoma County California 45

55

56 Business & Industry 6. Business & Industry The most effective way to learn about the economy of a certain area is to evaluate the existing businesses and industries within that area. The success of businesses and industries is measured by their growth rate, change, and maturity, and can be an indicator of the structure of the local economy. This may be important to those considering starting a business, those seeking funding through grants, or those seeking employment. is home to many small businesses, with most of them consisting of 10 to 24 employees. Taxable sales and total taxable retail sales have remained slightly above California averages since Service and retail trade businesses continue to employ the majority of 's workers. In this section: Taxable Sales Business by Employment Size and Industry Job Growth by Industry Sector Earnings by Industry Largest Employers

57 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Taxable Sales Overview Taxable sales include all transactions subject to sales that are taxed. California sales and use taxes are imposed on the retail sale or the use of tangible personal property in California. Total taxable sales do not necessarily indicate the gross sales of businesses, because only transactions subject to sales and use tax are included. Excluded are items for resale, sales of non-taxable items such as food and prescription medicines, and taxable sales disclosed by board audits. Changes in taxable sales are a measure of changes in both local government revenue and the economic health of the area. All sales transactions through retail stores subject to taxes are considered taxable sales. Taxable sales generate a substantial amount of income for local and state governments. However, rather than reflecting the revenue earned in a county, taxable sales act as a gauge for consumer spending and local economic performance. This is a helpful indicator for retail businesses to measure the potential sales volume of a certain area. NOTE: There is a lag time of one year and one quarter in the availability of the following data. The total taxable sales for in 2002 were $6,702,865. By city, Santa Rosa and Petaluma took in the highest amount of taxable sales, with $2,634,323 and $922,657 respectively. Cloverdale had the lowest total taxable sales, at $39,817 in Taxable Retail Sales and Total Taxable Sales Taxable retail sales Total taxable sales 1990 $ 2,632,597 $ 3,751, $ 2,625,414 $ 3,651, $ 2,723,761 $ 3,728, $ 2,778,851 $ 3,836, $ 2,856,024 $ 3,951, $ 2,983,876 $ 4,222, $ 3,194,611 $ 4,569, $ 3,427,282 $ 4,989, $ 3,646,318 $ 5,383, $ 4,105,328 $ 6,017, $ 4,633,471 $ 6,823, $ 4,740,829 $ 6,819, $ 4,749,946 $ 6,702,865 Source: California Board of Equalization Taxable Sales by City Cloverdale Taxable retail sales Total taxable sales Taxable retail sales Total taxable sales Taxable retail sales Total taxable Taxable retail sales sales Total taxable Taxable retail sales sales Total taxable sales 1997 $ 22,418 $ 25,834 $ 46,075 $ 72,490 $ 140,084 $ 180,534 $ 474,319 $ 662,587 $ 335,059 $ 422, $ 22,939 $ 26,352 $ 48,241 $ 77,450 $ 138,336 $ 193,609 $ 513,726 $ 726,250 $ 345,140 $ 457, $ 26,349 $ 30,276 $ 54,351 $ 90,365 $ 153,107 $ 214,241 $ 600,992 $ 833,488 $ 376,995 $ 488, $ 29,898 $ 34,633 $ 60,495 $ 97,887 $ 173,654 $ 235,848 $ 684,572 $ 979,770 $ 430,613 $ 571, $ 31,214 $ 40,580 $ 69,248 $ 102,342 $ 190,900 $ 252,930 $ 692,390 $ 939,723 $ 434,583 $ 559, $ 29,921 $ 39,817 $ 68,735 $ 103,134 $ 199,349 $ 259,158 $ 696,730 $ 922,657 $ 473,832 $ 564,259 Source: California Board of Equalization Cotati Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park 48

58 Business & Industry Taxable Retail Sales $8,000,000 $7,000,000 $6,000,000 $5,000,000 $4,000,000 $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $1,000,000 $ Total Taxable Sales $8,000,000 $7,000,000 $6,000,000 $5,000,000 $4,000,000 $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $1,000,000 $ % Total Taxable Sales Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California 15% Total Taxable Sales Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California 10% 10% 5% 5% 0% 0% -5% % Taxable Sales by City, cont'd Taxable retail sales Total taxable sales Taxable retail sales Total taxable sales Taxable retail sales Total taxable Taxable retail sales sales Total taxable sales 1997 $ 1,687,829 $ 2,037,561 $ 82,394 $ 107,619 $ 128,224 $ 144,452 $ 43,348 $ 119, $ 1,843,736 $ 2,221,714 $ 85,786 $ 112,588 $ 133,896 $ 148,999 $ 49,348 $ 129, $ 2,053,774 $ 2,451,113 $ 91,170 $ 122,099 $ 147,728 $ 166,197 $ 82,263 $ 175, $ 2,290,456 $ 2,757,431 $ 103,619 $ 133,528 $ 159,267 $ 179,575 $ 102,737 $ 197, $ 2,305,779 $ 2,725,863 $ 117,455 $ 147,449 $ 169,515 $ 190,742 $ 135,260 $ 230, $ 2,242,317 $ 2,634,323 $ 121,379 $ 144,670 $ 168,576 $ 195,988 $ 168,021 $ 260,039 Source: California Board of Equalization Santa Rosa Sebastopol Sonoma Windsor 49

59 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Business by Employment Size and Industry Overview The ability of businesses to maintain and support the demand for jobs can be measured by looking closely at a county's various industries and the number of people employed by each. This indicator provides information on the types of businesses employing the majority of the labor force, and which are most established in the area. As of July 2003, 17 percent of 's businesses consist of employees, making this the most common business size in the county. Another 14.2 percent of the businesses in consist of only 2-4 members, suggesting a strong trend of small local businesses in the county. Statewide, businesses of employees are the most common, making up 15 percent of all the businesses in California. Only 7 percent of the businesses in consist of more than 250 employees as of July In 2003, 40 percent of the businesses in Sonoma County offered some kind of service to their customers, making service business the most prominent industry in. Another 20 percent of businesses in the county were retail trade companies, and 13 percent were manufacturing companies. These industries are also the three most common throughout California. Business by Employment Size and Industry, July 2003 Number of employees Ag., forestry, & fishing Mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin. Non Classified Establishments Total businesses by number of employees Unknown n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a , ,065 2 to 4 1, ,001 1, ,337 4,057 2,597 10, ,101 5 to ,904 1, ,121 4,186 1,310 6, , to 24 1, ,748 2,874 1,300 1,619 6,405 2,146 9, , to ,900 2,586 1,012 1,325 5,007 1,592 8, , to 99 1, ,055 3, ,312 5,036 1,147 9, , to ,715 1, , ,794 1, , to , , , , to , ,200 1, ,324 1,000 or more , ,102 Total businesses by industry 6, ,246 20,913 6,052 7,381 33,798 11,988 64,791 3, ,755 Source: Dun & Bradstreet 50

60 Business & Industry 20.0% 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Business by Employee Size as a Percent of Total Establishments, July 2003 California 1 2 to 4 5 to 9 10 to to to to to to 999 1,000 or more Business by Industry as a Percent of Total Establishments, July 2003 California 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Ag., forestry, & fishing Mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin. 51

61 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Job Growth by Industry Sector Overview Job growth by industry sector measures the economic diversity and stability of the local economy. A healthy economy will have a balance between industries. If too many jobs are concentrated in one sector, a downturn in that sector could easily and rapidly damage the strength of the economy. Job growth is an important indicator for business and government planning, allowing for a better understanding of which sectors are the major generators of jobs in the area and which sectors are continuing to grow. The U.S. Department of Commerce counts parttime and full-time jobs equally. Job growth by industry is assessed by place of work regardless of where employees live. Wages, salaries, and proprietors' employment are included. Proprietors' employment consists of the number of sole proprietorships and the number of partners in partnerships. Unpaid family workers and volunteers are not included in the analysis. Jobs by industry is the independent variable on which all projections are based. Estimates were also based on information from Woods and Poole Economics and the California Department of Commerce. All projections are rounded to the nearest hundredth, (zero indicates less than 50). Therefore, totals may not equal some components due to independent rounding. The ten major industries are as follows: Agriculture includes establishments primarily engaged in agricultural production, forestry, commercial fishing, hunting and trapping, and related services. Construction includes businesses engaged in building, modifying, or repairing structures. Finance, insurance, and real estate includes institutions such as banks, credit unions, brokers, and dealers in securities and commodity contracts, insurance agents and brokers, real estate owners, lessees, agents, and developers. Employment by Industry Ag. & mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin ,611 16,437 22,935 7,651 8,444 36,751 17,211 59,631 25, ,806 15,270 22,327 7,690 8,149 37,037 17,307 63,206 25, ,820 13,985 22,361 7,314 8,195 37,622 17,748 64,105 25, ,047 13,436 22,296 7,633 7,741 38,186 18,632 66,366 25, ,493 13,485 23,408 7,772 8,163 40,086 20,460 68,763 25, ,423 13,658 23,932 7,169 8,452 40,581 19,023 71,020 26, ,701 14,695 26,074 7,505 8,639 42,536 19,107 74,636 27, ,191 16,025 28,445 7,630 9,212 42,762 20,224 78,317 27, ,419 17,352 30,640 8,142 10,320 43,273 21,909 81,534 27, ,514 19,468 32,051 8,016 9,552 43,891 22,812 84,341 28, ,175 20,665 34,060 8,269 8,581 44,113 23,514 86,505 29, * 11,230 20,881 30,598 5,313 7,500 31,227 24,382 87,920 30, (p) 16,900 22,600 39,400 9,400 8,700 45,700 26,300 97,800 32, (p) 17,400 24,900 44,000 10,200 8,700 47,300 29, ,600 36,300 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis 52

62 Business & Industry Government and public administration includes the executive, legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory activities of federal, state, and local international governments. Businesses owned and operated by a government body are classified in the other nine sectors according to the activity in which they are engaged. Manufacturing includes businesses engaged in the mechanical or chemical transformation of materials into new products. Establishments that assemble parts of manufactured products are also included, as long as the final product is neither a structure nor a fixed improvement. Mining includes companies engaged in the extraction of natural minerals, as well as the operations customarily done at the mine site, such as crushing, screening, washing, and flotation. Mining was combined with agriculture as it is too small to be measured independently. Retail trade includes businesses engaged in selling merchandise for personal or household consumption and rendering services incidental to the sale of those goods. Services includes a wide variety of businesses performing services to individuals, businesses, government, and other organizations, including lodging, repair, amusement, health, legal engineering, education, and membership. 40.0% 30.0% Employment by Industry (Percent of Total), 1990 California 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Ag. & mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin. 40.0% Employment by Industry (Percent of Total), 2001 California 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Ag. & mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin. 53

63 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Transportation and public utilities includes establishments providing freight or passenger transportation, communications services, electricity, gas, water or sanitary services, and all establishments of the United States Postal Service. Wholesale trade includes businesses engaged in selling merchandise to industrial, commercial, institutional, farm, construction contractors, or professional business users, as well as to retailers and other wholesalers. Some data which may disclose confidential information is not included. *2001 data reflects the newly implemented North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Therefore, data may reflect these altered classifications. This system is to replace the previous U.S. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) database for all future annual economic census information. The services industry has grown the fastest over the last ten years, jumping from 59,631 to 87,920 employees. The retail trade industry experienced a severe drop in employees from 2000 to 2001, losing over 13,000 employees. However, this can be accounted for by the massive increase in houses that were built in As residents moved into these houses and needed to furnish them, retail sales skyrocketed. Now that house production has stabilized, however, the demand for household retail sales has returned to normal levels. Despite these recent fluctuations, all ten major industries in are expected to grow in number of employees in the coming years. The services industry is expected to see the most growth, swelling from 87,920 employees in 2001 to 108,600 by The following figure shows a complete listing of employment in by industry, with projected numbers for 2005 and

64 Business & Industry Earnings by Industry Overview Earnings by industry outline the financial success of businesses, and allow comparisons for all industries within the county. The total earnings by industry are the sum of total earnings and average earnings (the total annual earnings divided by the number of jobs, both full and part time). It is useful to analyze the amount of earnings that various jobs pay in comparison to other regional industries and the same industry in other regions. The differences in pay and causes for differences help to design strategies to reach specific industry goals. The earnings by industry indicator also provides various information about the competitiveness of industries, each industry's contribution over time, the division of contributions to a region's income, the trends of success and failure of industries, and the area's national and international competitiveness in each industry. Earnings in the services industry increased most dramatically from 2000 to 2001, jumping from $2,670,638 to $3,144,060 in total earnings over the one-year span. Government and public administration experienced a significant increase in earnings as well, earning $1,234,488 in 2000 and $1,317,485 in Initially, it may seem alarming that all other business industries in experienced a decrease in earnings from 2000 to However, much of this decrease can be explained by the enormous influx of new residents in in 2000, as reflected by the all-time high $710,265 worth of earnings in real estate in This large influx of people in 2000 would naturally decrease earnings in agriculture, and account for decreased earnings in real estate and construction once houses for the new residents are completed. Also, the loss of earnings in some industry sectors will be recouped as the new residents begin to contribute to the economy of Sonoma Earnings by Industry (thousands) Ag. & mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin $ 109,594 $ 557,005 $ 705,993 $ 252,547 $ 237,794 $ 591,723 $ 327,290 $ 1,169,144 $ 788, $ 110,557 $ 506,917 $ 732,951 $ 264,989 $ 228,209 $ 613,429 $ 354,569 $ 1,295,395 $ 826, $ 129,452 $ 472,166 $ 762,535 $ 267,725 $ 238,960 $ 634,408 $ 430,218 $ 1,404,654 $ 852, $ 146,379 $ 438,015 $ 786,987 $ 283,956 $ 227,804 $ 656,046 $ 514,825 $ 1,481,893 $ 875, $ 163,442 $ 442,941 $ 890,484 $ 288,622 $ 259,958 $ 700,367 $ 490,939 $ 1,524,045 $ 915, $ 106,575 $ 454,665 $ 970,234 $ 262,407 $ 278,925 $ 716,379 $ 472,316 $ 1,633,557 $ 954, $ 117,658 $ 512,367 $ 1,038,939 $ 286,709 $ 311,130 $ 768,274 $ 506,837 $ 1,769,098 $ 1,004, $ 150,444 $ 593,422 $ 1,177,598 $ 323,125 $ 349,983 $ 805,865 $ 563,173 $ 2,035,084 $ 1,039, $ 171,054 $ 711,997 $ 1,401,728 $ 347,325 $ 413,922 $ 875,242 $ 647,932 $ 2,167,426 $ 1,077, $ 176,814 $ 821,273 $ 1,569,527 $ 362,095 $ 417,968 $ 933,972 $ 677,605 $ 2,390,880 $ 1,128, $ 375,158 $ 1,112,460 $ 1,969,874 $ 389,684 $ 365,396 $ 1,006,663 $ 710,265 $ 2,670,638 $ 1,234, * $ 197,378 $ 1,053,720 $ 1,610,692 $ 212,495 $ 330,130 $ 810,294 $ 674,776 $ 3,144,060 $ 1,317, (p) $ 449,200 $ 1,554,600 $ 3,075,100 $ 488,100 $ 452,900 $ 1,204,100 $ 1,015,700 $ 3,575,800 $ 1,561, (p) $ 529,000 $ 2,168,700 $ 4,687,600 $ 615,500 $ 557,700 $ 1,468,000 $ 1,438,800 $ 4,885,800 $ 1,983,400 Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis 55

65 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile County. This is reflected in the 2005 and 2010 projections, in which the earnings of all ten major industry sectors increase. Public transportation, for example, is expected to skyrocket from $212,495 in 2001 to $615,500 in Similarly, many of the other industry sectors in the area will experience an increase in earnings as they begin to incorporate these new residents into their customer base. 50.0% Earnings by Industry (Percent of Total), 1990 California 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Ag. & mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin. 50.0% Earnings by Industry (Percent of Total), 2001 California 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Ag. & mining Constr. Manuf. Transp. & public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, & real est. Services Govt. & public admin. 56

66 Business & Industry Largest Employers Overview The largest employers for the county are included to demonstrate which industries employ the largest number of workers. From this information, it can be assumed which industries are the most competitive and which jobs are in highest demand. As of December 2003, the education system in continues to employ more residents than any other industry sector. Both the Santa Rosa School District and the Junior College District are reported to employ between 1,000 and 2,499 people, making them two of the most prominent industries in the area. State Farm Insurance companies, Kaiser Permanente, and Cisco systems also employ large numbers of Sonoma County's residents, each claiming 1,000 to 2,499 employees in their respective corporations as well. Largest Establishments, December 2003 Name of employer Number of employees Santa Rosa City Schools 1,000 to 2,499 Santa Rosa Junior College ( Community College District 1,000 to 2,499 State Farm Insurance (State Farm Mult Auto Insur Co) 1,000 to 2,499 Kaiser Permanente (Kaiser Foundation Hospitals) 1,000 to 2,499 Cisco Systems (Cisco Systems Inc) 1,000 to 2,499 Sola Optical USA (Sola International Inc) 500 to 999 Washington Mutual Bank 500 to 999 Medtronic (Medtronic Ave) 500 to 999 AFC (Advanced Fibre Communications) 500 to 999 Sonoma Mission Inn & Spa (Wine Country Hotel LLC) 500 to 999 Source: Dun & Bradstreet, July-Sep 2002, North Bay Business Journal Sola Optical USA, Washington Mutual Bank, Medtronic, Advanced Fibre Communications, and Sonoma Mission Inn & Spa are also significant employers within, each claiming between 500 and 999 employees. 57

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68 Housing & Real Estate 7. Housing & Real Estate Housing and real estate reflects the overall population growth within a county. As the population rises, job markets increase, and the economy expands. Housing and real estate markets rise accordingly to meet demand. By evaluating availability and pricing of housing, the economic value of the community and the sustainability of the local real estate markets can be determined. Housing and real estate prices also define the type and amount of spending that consumers may exhibit. Housing indicators in fluctuate every year, remaining highly dependent on variations in the population. The total number of housing units in Sonoma County has increased at an average rate of 2.1 percent annually since 1990, with a dramatic 8.8 percent increase from 1999 to In this section: Total Housing Units New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits Value of New Construction (Building Permit Valuation in Dollars) Fair Market Rent Median Home Price

69 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Total Housing Units Overview As housing reflects changes in the population, monitoring the demand and growth in the housing industry can be a helpful indicator for estimating potential growth of a county's economy. Total housing units is defined as the number of single and multiple family dwellings located within a given jurisdiction. A housing unit can be a house, an apartment, a mobile home, a group of rooms, or a single room that is occupied, or is intended to be used as a dwelling. The occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or unrelated persons who share living arrangements. According to the California Construction Industry Research Board, single family units include the following: Detached units are disconnected or stand apart from other units. Semi-detached units are attached to another unit on one side only. Row Houses and townhouses are units in which each unit is separated from an adjacent unit by an unbroken ground-to-roof partition or firewall. Condominiums can be considered a single family unit if they are of zero-lot-line or zero-property-line construction. These terms can be used interchangeably referring to a lot that has no side yard but extends to the property line. they have a dividing line that separates two or more lots for the purpose of maintenance, repair, improve ments, and reconstruction of the dwelling originally constructed on the lots. each unit is separated by an air space. the units are separated by an unbroken ground-toroof partition or firewall. County Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change ,158 30, ,265 n/a ,291 30, , % ,117 31, , % ,216 32, , % ,848 32, , % ,888 32, , % ,186 32, , % ,728 33, , % ,210 33, , % ,024 33, , % 2000 n/a n/a 183, % 2001 n/a n/a 185, % 2002 n/a n/a 186, % ,939 33, , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit 60

70 Housing & Real Estate Multi-family units include the following: Duplexes Three to four unit structures Apartment structures (with five or more units) Condominiums that don't meet the single family definitions. NOTE: The California Department of Finance uses the decennial census as a base for estimating total housing units. The estimates are produced by adding new construction with annexations and subtracting demolitions from the census benchmark. The most recent figures were revised to reflect the 2000 Census. As of 2003, there were 189,045 total housing units in. Although this number has increased steadily since 1990, a dramatic increase of 8.8 percent was seen in 2000: a gain of 14,795 housing units in a single year. This number corresponds with similarly dramatic increases in population and timber production for the same year. Since 2000, the average annual increase in total housing units is 1.6 percent. porated areas. 200, , , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, % 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% County Total Housing Units County Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California Significantly, Santa Rosa produced the most new housing units in 2003 and was second only to Cloverdale in percent of increase from This steady growth and abundant number of housing units suggest that although it is the biggest city in, Santa Rosa still has growth potential comparable to the smaller cities in the county. 61

71 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Cloverdale Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change , ,871 n/a , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % 2000 n/a n/a 2, % 2001 n/a n/a 2, % 2002 n/a n/a 2, % , , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Cotati Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change , ,303 n/a , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % 2000 n/a n/a 2, % 2001 n/a n/a 2, % 2002 n/a n/a 2, % , , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Cloverdale Total Housing Units 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, City of Cotati Total Housing Units 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, % City of Cloverdale Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Cloverdale 6.0% City of Cotati Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Cotati 8.0% 5.0% 6.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% %

72 Housing & Real Estate City of Healdsburg Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change , ,667 n/a , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % 2000 n/a n/a 4, % 2001 n/a n/a 4, % 2002 n/a n/a 4, % , , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Petaluma Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change ,901 2,767 15,668 n/a ,087 2,769 15, % ,353 2,808 16, % ,636 2,838 16, % ,059 2,874 16, % ,589 3,003 17, % ,907 3,008 17, % ,329 3,026 18, % ,593 3,028 18, % ,961 3,068 19, % 2000 n/a n/a 20, % 2001 n/a n/a 20, % 2002 n/a n/a 20, % ,823 3,179 20, % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Healdsburg Total Housing Units 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, City of Petaluma Total Housing Units 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, % City of Healdsburg Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Healdsburg 6.0% City of Petaluma Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Petaluma 5.0% 5.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.0% %

73 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Rohnert Park Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change ,143 4,306 12,449 n/a ,366 4,306 12, % ,504 4,658 13, % ,548 4,728 13, % ,551 4,728 13, % ,722 4,728 13, % ,723 4,932 13, % ,774 4,956 13, % ,853 4,980 13, % ,940 5,020 13, % 2000 n/a n/a 15, % 2001 n/a n/a 15, % 2002 n/a n/a 15, % ,358 5,224 15, % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Santa Rosa Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change ,753 13,458 45,211 n/a ,324 13,733 46, % ,124 14,180 47, % ,807 14,534 48, % ,261 14,550 48, % ,917 14,640 49, % ,597 14,757 50, % ,172 14,841 51, % ,692 15,619 53, % ,479 15,631 54, % 2000 n/a n/a 57, % 2001 n/a n/a 58, % 2002 n/a n/a 59, % ,052 15,824 60, % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 City of Rohnert Park Total Housing Units City of Santa Rosa Total Housing Units 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, % City of Rohnert Park Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Rohnert Park 6.0% City of Santa Rosa Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Santa Rosa 5.0% 5.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.0% %

74 Housing & Real Estate City of Sebastopol Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change , ,826 n/a , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % 2000 n/a n/a 3, % 2001 n/a n/a 3, % 2002 n/a n/a 3, % ,259 1,032 3, % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Sonoma Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change ,685 1,009 3,694 n/a ,727 1,034 3, % ,754 1,094 3, % ,768 1,134 3, % ,786 1,138 3, % ,800 1,146 3, % ,847 1,154 4, % ,920 1,168 4, % ,979 1,170 4, % ,005 1,173 4, % 2000 n/a n/a 4, % 2001 n/a n/a 4, % 2002 n/a n/a 4, % ,398 1,031 4, % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit City of Sebastopol Total Housing Units 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, City of Sonoma Total Housing Units 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, % City of Sebastopol Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Sebastopol 6.0% City of Sonoma Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Sonoma 5.0% 5.0% 4.0% 4.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.0% 2.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.0% %

75 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Town of Windsor Total Housing Units Single family units Multiple family units Total housing units Annual percent change 1990 n/a n/a n/a n/a 1991 n/a n/a n/a n/a 1992 n/a n/a n/a n/a , ,213 n/a , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % 2000 n/a n/a 7, % 2001 n/a n/a 7, % 2002 n/a n/a 8, % , , % Source: California Department of Finance, Demographic Research Unit 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Town of Windsor Total Housing Units % 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Town of Windsor Total Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Town of Windsor

76 Housing & Real Estate New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits Overview A building permit is required for any new construction, demolition, remodeling, expansion, addition, or repair of a structure. The number of building permits typically indicates future building activity; however, since building permits are needed for any work as listed above, each one cannot be considered an actual housing start. Even if the permit is not for the construction of a new house, it still reflects growth in the economy and improvements within the community. Sudden drops in permit numbers can be attributed to high land and/or construction costs that would discourage new buyers. An increase in building permits reveals future intent to build housing structures in a particular area. NOTE: No charts are provided for cities with less than 10,000 people or for cities in which data is not reported. An average of 2,362 new housing units has been authorized by building permits each year in Sonoma County since There were increases of 44.9 percent and 39.7 percent in the number of building permits granted in 1997 and 1998, and the construction that resulted from these permits accommodated the large influx of population that the county saw in Since then, the amount of new housing units authorized by building permits has returned to normal levels. In 2002, 1,835 building permits were granted, which is below the annual average, but building permit totals in each of the five years preceding 2002 were above the annual average. County New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change , ,644 n/a , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % , , % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, New Housing Units Despite an overall decrease in building permits granted from 2001 to 2002, Petaluma, Cloverdale, and Sebastopol experienced increases of 158, 68, and 12 in building permits in the same span. This data suggests that these three cities are prepared to accommodate a continued increase in population in the future, and will probably be the most attractive cities to people looking to find a new home in. 67

77 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Cloverdale New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change n/a % % % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Cotati New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change n/a % % % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, County New Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California County Components of New Housing Units New single family units New multiple family units

78 Housing & Real Estate City of Healdsburg New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change n/a % % % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Healdsburg New Housing Units City of Healdsburg New Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% Healdsburg City of Healdsburg Components of New Housing Units New single family units New multiple family units

79 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Petaluma New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change n/a n/a % % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board % 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% City of Petaluma New Housing Units City of Petaluma New Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Petaluma City of Petaluma Components of New Housing Units New single family units New multiple family units

80 Housing & Real Estate City of Rohnert Park New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change n/a % % % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Sebastopol New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits Annual New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units percent change n/a % % % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Rohnert Park New Housing Units % 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% -50% -100% City of Rohnert Park New Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Rohnert Park City of Rohnert Park Components of New Housing Units New single family units New multiple family units

81 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Santa Rosa New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits Annual New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units percent change ,196 n/a % % % % % % % , % , % , % , % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Sonoma New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change n/a % % % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, % 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% 1, City of Santa Rosa New Housing Units City of Santa Rosa New Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) City of Santa Rosa Components of New Housing Units Santa Rosa New single family units New multiple family units

82 Housing & Real Estate Town of Windsor New Housing Units Authorized by Building Permits New single family units New multiple family units Total new housing units Annual percent change 1990 n/a n/a n/a n/a 1991 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a % % % % % % % % % % Source: California Construction Industry Research Board % 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% Town of Windsor New Housing Units Town of Windsor New Housing Units Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Windsor Town of Windsor Components of New Housing Units New single family units New multiple family units

83 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Value of New Construction (Building Permit Valuation in Dollars) Overview The value of new construction is an estimate of the dollar amount that will potentially be spent to build a new structure. When the building permit is issued, a valuation is made based on costs that include labor, materials, and architecture and engineering expertise. Construction can be residential or nonresidential, public or private. Residential units are single-family and multi-family units. Residential building is the industry's biggest sector and accounts for nearly half of all construction. Major components of commercial construction include the following: Commercial offices can be any offices, bank build ings, commercial stores, or other mercantile buildings. Other commercial buildings can be hotels, motels, amusement parks, parking garages, service stations, industrial buildings, and manufacturing plants. Other construction can be churches and religious buildings, hospitals and institutional buildings, schools and educational buildings, residential garages, public works and utility buildings, and other miscellaneous, nonresidential structures. The value of new construction has been rapidly increasing in, rising 96 percent between 1996 and This trend held true in every incorporated city within the county, with the exception of Rohnert Park, where 2003 prices are similar to those in 1996, although they have fluctuated considerably from year to year. The state of California has seen a similar change, increasing 93 percent over the same period of time. In 2003, single family units accounted for 48 percent of all new construction value. Multiple family units account for another 12.5 percent of the total value. Total commercial construction accounted for 8.3 percent. The city of Santa Rosa had the highest single family unit valuation at $60,596, followed by Petaluma, at $41, , , , , , , , , ,000 0 County Value of New Construction The total value of building alterations is added to new structures in order to arrive at the total value of new construction. 30% 20% County Value of New Construction Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California 10% 0% -10% -20%

84 Housing & Real Estate County Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 286,414 $ 38,730 $ 41,894 $ 24,588 $ 19,377 $ 4,888 $ 7,725 $ 23,173 $ 37,664 $ 484, $ 239,955 $ 9,078 $ 43,931 $ 14,182 $ 36,246 $ 2,210 $ 3,863 $ 17,548 $ 29,115 $ 396, $ 229,191 $ 8,374 $ 51,932 $ 5,783 $ 34,086 $ 11,409 $ 4,109 $ 16,122 $ 26,710 $ 387, $ 222,391 $ 14,944 $ 42,349 $ 8,689 $ 16,293 $ 4,763 $ 3,767 $ 20,306 $ 30,051 $ 363, $ 254,734 $ 18,982 $ 38,897 $ 8,881 $ 25,752 $ 1,838 $ 2,269 $ 18,276 $ 27,004 $ 396, $ 194,290 $ 18,189 $ 41,532 $ 13,137 $ 30,501 $ 2,898 $ 11,488 $ 20,321 $ 49,723 $ 382, $ 190,988 $ 3,810 $ 40,400 $ 6,776 $ 18,134 $ 6,229 $ 8,345 $ 30,151 $ 48,463 $ 353, $ 268,336 $ 21,001 $ 38,665 $ 17,386 $ 22,201 $ 9,905 $ 42,731 $ 23,474 $ 58,087 $ 501, $ 333,066 $ 59,329 $ 39,426 $ 35,526 $ 32,928 $ 10,307 $ 37,744 $ 34,596 $ 73,918 $ 656, $ 409,934 $ 40,111 $ 54,614 $ 23,407 $ 30,908 $ 13,806 $ 48,739 $ 36,085 $ 73,286 $ 730, $ 470,784 $ 31,183 $ 57,961 $ 21,701 $ 27,760 $ 18,406 $ 29,460 $ 35,551 $ 75,933 $ 768, $ 307,681 $ 69,411 $ 71,002 $ 26,472 $ 35,308 $ 29,075 $ 22,228 $ 41,162 $ 57,484 $ 659, $ 295,768 $ 31,113 $ 72,699 $ 50,119 $ 50,369 $ 28,733 $ 8,861 $ 43,707 $ 62,600 $ 643, $ 333,124 $ 86,504 $ 75,012 $ 11,785 $ 33,458 $ 12,631 $ 12,448 $ 61,205 $ 67,677 $ 693,844 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Cloverdale Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 3,901 $ 4,040 $ 391 $ 0 $ 408 $ 0 $ 0 $ 37 $ 10 $ 8, $ 2,669 $ 889 $ 203 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 117 $ 277 $ 4, $ 884 $ 0 $ 400 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 74 $ 245 $ 1, $ 1,505 $ 0 $ 92 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 52 $ 284 $ 1, $ 2,504 $ 0 $ 136 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 66 $ 22 $ 2, $ 3,347 $ 0 $ 185 $ 0 $ 240 $ 0 $ 0 $ 82 $ 16 $ 3, $ 2,167 $ 0 $ 231 $ 0 $ 2,327 $ 1,350 $ 650 $ 77 $ 354 $ 7, $ 14,156 $ 0 $ 328 $ 0 $ 1,692 $ 623 $ 0 $ 160 $ 283 $ 17, $ 29,265 $ 0 $ 489 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 173 $ 186 $ 488 $ 30, $ 39,128 $ 0 $ 251 $ 0 $ 1,261 $ 0 $ 0 $ 172 $ 656 $ 41, $ 25,983 $ 0 $ 302 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 135 $ 270 $ 26, $ 12,699 $ 0 $ 960 $ 0 $ 429 $ 0 $ 0 $ 610 $ 601 $ 15, $ 28,425 $ 279 $ 168 $ 1,369 $ 1,907 $ 2,699 $ 0 $ 688 $ 0 $ 35, $ 36,468 $ 2,440 $ 438 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 25 $ 739 $ 40,110 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board 75

85 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Cotati Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations City of Healdsburg Value of New Construction (thousands) Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 4,423 $ 0 $ 641 $ 0 $ 822 $ 0 $ 0 $ 128 $ 257 $ 6, $ 5,560 $ 0 $ 296 $ 0 $ 157 $ 0 $ 100 $ 103 $ 109 $ 6, $ 821 $ 283 $ 123 $ 0 $ 1,339 $ 0 $ 0 $ 71 $ 103 $ 2, $ 2,951 $ 302 $ 30 $ 0 $ 3,160 $ 0 $ 885 $ 80 $ 333 $ 7, $ 926 $ 0 $ 85 $ 345 $ 50 $ 0 $ 246 $ 77 $ 98 $ 1, $ 983 $ 0 $ 212 $ 0 $ 32 $ 259 $ 696 $ 74 $ 102 $ 2, $ 842 $ 0 $ 101 $ 0 $ 463 $ 0 $ 0 $ 22 $ 73 $ 1, $ 2,091 $ 900 $ 36 $ 0 $ 1,042 $ 623 $ 0 $ 128 $ 115 $ 4, $ 3,116 $ 0 $ 161 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,259 $ 144 $ 334 $ 5, $ 394 $ 0 $ 367 $ 0 $ 0 $ 86 $ 1,528 $ 304 $ 233 $ 2, $ 1,876 $ 1,934 $ 265 $ 0 $ 175 $ 0 $ 846 $ 180 $ 135 $ 5, $ 10,779 $ 0 $ 878 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 976 $ 230 $ 663 $ 13, $ 5,384 $ 272 $ 726 $ 812 $ 1,864 $ 294 $ 680 $ 1,648 $ 1,013 $ 12, $ 19,681 $ 5,959 $ 583 $ 0 $ 321 $ 0 $ 553 $ 1,156 $ 416 $ 28,669 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 2,320 $ 668 $ 1,170 $ 250 $ 539 $ 0 $ 0 $ 891 $ 1,274 $ 7, $ 529 $ 231 $ 1,567 $ 389 $ 222 $ 507 $ 0 $ 875 $ 751 $ 5, $ 2,615 $ 342 $ 942 $ 0 $ 201 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,181 $ 5, $ 1,951 $ 0 $ 766 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 651 $ 3, $ 1,853 $ 1,569 $ 1,088 $ 571 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 921 $ 6, $ 800 $ 3,939 $ 1,574 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 115 $ 1,224 $ 7, $ 1,211 $ 0 $ 787 $ 0 $ 1,550 $ 0 $ 0 $ 73 $ 891 $ 4, $ 5,886 $ 0 $ 907 $ 749 $ 460 $ 0 $ 0 $ 835 $ 1,716 $ 10, $ 17,042 $ 0 $ 1,503 $ 0 $ 2,405 $ 0 $ 0 $ 188 $ 2,254 $ 23, $ 19,160 $ 5,712 $ 2,208 $ 0 $ 1,227 $ 0 $ 300 $ 735 $ 2,067 $ 31, $ 16,101 $ 3,173 $ 2,353 $ 0 $ 500 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,727 $ 22,790 $ 47, $ 8,244 $ 450 $ 3,116 $ 455 $ 3,516 $ 0 $ 0 $ 637 $ 4,175 $ 20, $ 6,353 $ 326 $ 3,095 $ 3,950 $ 5,012 $ 0 $ 0 $ 593 $ 976 $ 20, $ 2,807 $ 573 $ 2,294 $ 0 $ 562 $ 1,400 $ 0 $ 260 $ 4,762 $ 12,658 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Healdsburg Value of New Construction 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, % 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% City of Healdsburg Value of New Construction Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Healdsburg

86 Housing & Real Estate City of Petaluma Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 12,758 $ 1,019 $ 2,592 $ 9,354 $ 3,522 $ 2,851 $ 1,202 $ 965 $ 0 $ 34, $ 37,311 $ 1,177 $ 3,246 $ 1,918 $ 2,419 $ 0 $ 0 $ 501 $ 0 $ 46, $ 44,649 $ 2,313 $ 2,249 $ 128 $ 7,348 $ 0 $ 0 $ 794 $ 0 $ 57, $ 50,540 $ 6,987 $ 2,783 $ 40 $ 2,329 $ 159 $ 0 $ 1,534 $ 0 $ 64, $ 70,612 $ 555 $ 2,000 $ 4,325 $ 12,348 $ 0 $ 0 $ 91 $ 0 $ 89, $ 47,490 $ 22 $ 1,794 $ 7,022 $ 8,949 $ 0 $ 0 $ 2,171 $ 8,340 $ 75, $ 22,059 $ 142 $ 2,198 $ 1,475 $ 8,239 $ 0 $ 0 $ 7,301 $ 9,801 $ 51, $ 57,111 $ 2,494 $ 2,517 $ 3,358 $ 2,770 $ 500 $ 7,778 $ 1,857 $ 10,322 $ 88, $ 48,544 $ 21,208 $ 3,093 $ 32,652 $ 7,529 $ 733 $ 5,526 $ 1,104 $ 12,589 $ 132, $ 65,208 $ 11,531 $ 9,420 $ 7,246 $ 1,450 $ 193 $ 3,357 $ 5,897 $ 17,434 $ 121, $ 38,084 $ 4,362 $ 3,890 $ 6,522 $ 2,475 $ 15,388 $ 0 $ 2,727 $ 22,790 $ 96, $ 15,726 $ 2,959 $ 4,693 $ 8,312 $ 3,073 $ 0 $ 7,076 $ 2,751 $ 12,762 $ 57, $ 4,410 $ 6,553 $ 4,114 $ 12,365 $ 2,094 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,298 $ 9,713 $ 40, $ 41,738 $ 12,613 $ 5,608 $ 3,000 $ 12,795 $ 0 $ 0 $ 456 $ 10,830 $ 87,040 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Petaluma Value of New Construction 140, , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, % 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% City of Petaluma Value of New Construction Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Petaluma

87 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Rohnert Park Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 29,628 $ 2,873 $ 2,280 $ 817 $ 0 $ 106 $ 2,456 $ 707 $ 4,104 $ 42, $ 23,324 $ 0 $ 2,188 $ 0 $ 21,166 $ 0 $ 604 $ 198 $ 2,452 $ 49, $ 14,013 $ 0 $ 1,619 $ 0 $ 11,734 $ 181 $ 1,848 $ 0 $ 3,313 $ 32, $ 712 $ 0 $ 2,407 $ 0 $ 2,108 $ 0 $ 325 $ 216 $ 1,779 $ 7, $ 2,396 $ 10,776 $ 1,052 $ 0 $ 1,009 $ 0 $ 0 $ 475 $ 2,481 $ 18, $ 1,166 $ 9,077 $ 1,544 $ 50 $ 1,248 $ 76 $ 1,682 $ 1,339 $ 7,482 $ 23, $ 21,978 $ 1,106 $ 635 $ 3,983 $ 759 $ 0 $ 4,642 $ 692 $ 3,329 $ 37, $ 16,275 $ 2,113 $ 2,104 $ 0 $ 1,074 $ 0 $ 13,108 $ 246 $ 5,152 $ 40, $ 20,044 $ 1,567 $ 433 $ 550 $ 433 $ 750 $ 5,378 $ 556 $ 11,428 $ 41, $ 4,664 $ 0 $ 1,169 $ 1,601 $ 656 $ 0 $ 7,660 $ 548 $ 3,921 $ 20, $ 0 $ 259 $ 1,040 $ 1,387 $ 471 $ 5,145 $ 650 $ 393 $ 5,145 $ 14, $ 529 $ 16,837 $ 1,496 $ 1,643 $ 5,313 $ 463 $ 0 $ 403 $ 3,376 $ 30, $ 1,358 $ 1,164 $ 1,513 $ 740 $ 10,285 $ 250 $ 0 $ 748 $ 8,249 $ 24, $ 180 $ 19,052 $ 1,954 $ 0 $ 2,675 $ 0 $ 0 $ 9,536 $ 4,406 $ 37,803 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Rohnert Park Value of New Construction 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, % 60% 40% 20% 0% -20% -40% -60% City of Rohnert Park Value of New Construction Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Rohnert Park

88 Housing & Real Estate City of Santa Rosa Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 88,608 $ 19,632 $ 9,467 $ 8,683 $ 2,676 $ 0 $ 1,917 $ 6,065 $ 18,502 $ 155, $ 80,165 $ 5,952 $ 10,543 $ 4,029 $ 7,110 $ 0 $ 2,000 $ 1,311 $ 18,386 $ 129, $ 58,053 $ 1,251 $ 16,095 $ 1,370 $ 3,072 $ 10,283 $ 1,246 $ 1,636 $ 15,413 $ 108, $ 50,286 $ 2,618 $ 8,008 $ 4,593 $ 2,766 $ 2,900 $ 1,205 $ 3,541 $ 16,112 $ 92, $ 61,350 $ 4,088 $ 8,795 $ 600 $ 6,514 $ 0 $ 0 $ 961 $ 17,553 $ 99, $ 42,727 $ 2,418 $ 7,835 $ 2,161 $ 16,479 $ 381 $ 4,165 $ 2,186 $ 20,890 $ 99, $ 53,011 $ 1,937 $ 8,439 $ 523 $ 4,080 $ 1,329 $ 0 $ 873 $ 17,357 $ 87, $ 91,082 $ 1,068 $ 10,540 $ 3,898 $ 7,810 $ 4,081 $ 15,107 $ 2,716 $ 22,017 $ 158, $ 128,298 $ 32,766 $ 9,772 $ 0 $ 8,935 $ 7,600 $ 10,213 $ 11,802 $ 25,556 $ 234, $ 134,932 $ 11,202 $ 11,399 $ 8,711 $ 12,645 $ 0 $ 6,657 $ 11,251 $ 22,284 $ 219, $ 225,860 $ 13,026 $ 14,461 $ 5,321 $ 16,349 $ 2,500 $ 10,851 $ 5,430 $ 20,327 $ 314, $ 139,918 $ 40,638 $ 17,656 $ 11,214 $ 1,897 $ 16,185 $ 1,326 $ 10,083 $ 18,407 $ 257, $ 86,175 $ 16,709 $ 19,348 $ 20,179 $ 4,158 $ 2,581 $ 1,300 $ 13,763 $ 18,877 $ 183, $ 60,596 $ 33,866 $ 18,216 $ 1,869 $ 10,385 $ 806 $ 1,441 $ 773 $ 24,045 $ 151,997 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Santa Rosa Value of New Construction 350, , , , , ,000 50, % 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% City of Santa Rosa Value of New Construction Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Santa Rosa

89 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile City of Sebastopol Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 5,306 $ 152 $ 393 $ 433 $ 546 $ 0 $ 531 $ 16 $ 19 $ 7, $ 2,214 $ 0 $ 1,345 $ 4,248 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 47 $ 225 $ 8, $ 7,012 $ 449 $ 1,445 $ 0 $ 0 $ 268 $ 0 $ 55 $ 1,094 $ 10, $ 3,568 $ 0 $ 1,566 $ 265 $ 122 $ 1,633 $ 0 $ 384 $ 3,117 $ 10, $ 2,867 $ 268 $ 1,465 $ 658 $ 732 $ 0 $ 0 $ 163 $ 1,651 $ 7, $ 3,622 $ 0 $ 1,509 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 54 $ 2,542 $ 7, $ 2,513 $ 0 $ 1,357 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 74 $ 786 $ 4, $ 5,005 $ 1,552 $ 1,768 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,618 $ 0 $ 56 $ 1,460 $ 13, $ 6,113 $ 0 $ 1,796 $ 327 $ 0 $ 187 $ 0 $ 675 $ 1,902 $ 11, $ 5,314 $ 271 $ 1,649 $ 590 $ 0 $ 1,297 $ 0 $ 219 $ 1,152 $ 10, $ 3,366 $ 1,160 $ 2,449 $ 6,673 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 810 $ 5,564 $ 20, $ 1,021 $ 516 $ 1,459 $ 0 $ 352 $ 0 $ 383 $ 65 $ 490 $ 4, $ 280 $ 2,260 $ 1,854 $ 0 $ 1,184 $ 0 $ 0 $ 138 $ 4,485 $ 10, $ 1,149 $ 0 $ 2,396 $ 812 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 43 $ 1,405 5,805 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board City of Sonoma Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1990 $ 8,702 $ 2,612 $ 1,519 $ 1,330 $ 0 $ 371 $ 0 $ 390 $ 527 $ 15, $ 3,277 $ 479 $ 1,803 $ 389 $ 103 $ 300 $ 0 $ 433 $ 945 $ 7, $ 1,061 $ 586 $ 1,751 $ 193 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 187 $ 1,415 $ 5, $ 2,344 $ 356 $ 1,213 $ 528 $ 147 $ 0 $ 0 $ 262 $ 1,089 $ 5, $ 2,939 $ 654 $ 1,357 $ 849 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 491 $ 682 $ 6, $ 21,015 $ 666 $ 1,898 $ 639 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 23 $ 1,286 $ 25, $ 8,469 $ 0 $ 1,637 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 103 $ 2,142 $ 12, $ 5,246 $ 6,510 $ 1,435 $ 721 $ 231 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,180 $ 3,088 $ 18, $ 11,046 $ 3,788 $ 2,164 $ 396 $ 2,132 $ 0 $ 0 $ 808 $ 1,761 $ 22, $ 14,688 $ 1,965 $ 2,489 $ 0 $ 1,270 $ 10,551 $ 0 $ 1,185 $ 3,942 $ 36, $ 10,321 $ 797 $ 2,679 $ 0 $ 3,780 $ 0 $ 0 $ 598 $ 4,464 $ 22, $ 7,561 $ 4,324 $ 1,725 $ 511 $ 1,981 $ 1,919 $ 0 $ 80 $ 2,143 $ 20, $ 15,362 $ 1,998 $ 2,759 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 486 $ 2,717 $ 23, $ 33,400 $ 1,531 $ 1,813 $ 0 $ 721 $ 0 $ 0 $ 317 $ 1,000 $ 38,782 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board 80

90 Housing & Real Estate Town of Windsor Value of New Construction (thousands) Single family units Multiple family units Residential alterations Commercial offices Commercial stores Other commercial Industrial Other construction Non-residential alterations Total valuation 1992 $ 8,702 $ 2,612 $ 1,519 $ 1,330 $ 0 $ 371 $ 0 $ 390 $ 527 $ 15, $ 44,481 $ 2,639 $ 639 $ 0 $ 2,561 $ 0 $ 637 $ 1,650 $ 2,622 $ 55, $ 47,686 $ 0 $ 612 $ 0 $ 149 $ 211 $ 879 $ 823 $ 390 $ 50, $ 19,288 $ 0 $ 647 $ 246 $ 0 $ 0 $ 3,320 $ 4,548 $ 185 $ 28, $ 25,818 $ 495 $ 1,613 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 1,893 $ 926 $ 30, $ 22,429 $ 5,564 $ 919 $ 2,536 $ 300 $ 750 $ 4,773 $ 754 $ 862 $ 38, $ 17,137 $ 0 $ 2,063 $ 291 $ 8,224 $ 1,037 $ 2,871 $ 4,271 $ 1,224 $ 37, $ 55,366 $ 9,001 $ 1,630 $ 0 $ 0 $ 0 $ 20,107 $ 557 $ 2,820 $ 89, $ 66,663 $ 5,679 $ 1,197 $ 338 $ 1,961 $ 0 $ 11,457 $ 1,377 $ 748 $ 89, $ 21,614 $ 2,913 $ 2,480 $ 0 $ 3,389 $ 613 $ 11,837 $ 776 $ 1,523 $ 45, $ 48,333 $ 1,314 $ 1,172 $ 2,080 $ 5,630 $ 17,997 $ 1,361 $ 5,349 $ 375 $ 83, $ 40,841 $ 9,500 $ 2,787 $ 0 $ 4,783 $ 9,725 $ 470 $ 410 $ 1,580 $ 70,096 Source: California Construction Industry Research Board Town of Windsor Value of New Construction 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, % 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% Town of Windsor Value of New Construction Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) Windsor

91 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Fair Market Rent Overview Fair market rent acts as a parameter for monthly rent values. It is calculated by looking at privately owned dwellings with standard sanitary facilities, and is dependent on the number of bedrooms and the size of the house. The rent is set at the fortieth percentile, which means that 40 percent of the people in a given area pay less than the fair market rent and 60 percent pay more. Rent prices were higher in than in any other county in Northern California in Also, fair market rent prices for all sizes of dwellings in Sonoma County has increased steadily since For three-bedroom apartments, the average fair market rent in Sonoma County from was $1,400: a full $300 higher than any other county in the North State. Fair market rent indicates housing costs in a county, and also determines the number of families or individuals qualify for rent and utility assistance. If a business or family were to relocate to a particular area, for example, fair market rent figures could be used to evaluate the housing market in that region. County Fair Market Rent 0-Bedroom 1-Bedroom 2-Bedroom 3-Bedroom 4-Bedroom 5-Bedroom 6-Bedroom 2000 $ 603 $ 684 $ 886 $ 1,232 $ 1,454 $ 1,672 $ 1, $ 644 $ 730 $ 946 $ 1,315 $ 1,552 $ 1,785 $ 2, $ 694 $ 787 $ 1,020 $ 1,418 $ 1,673 $ 1,924 $ 2, $ 767 $ 869 $ 1,126 $ 1,566 $ 1,849 $ 2,126 $ 2,445 Source: Department of Housing and Urban Development $1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 Rank of County Fair Market Rent, 3-Bedroom Units, ( average) Sonoma El Dorado Placer Sacramento Nevada Mendocino Humboldt Del Norte Butte Shasta Lake Sierra Yuba- Sutter Trinity Tehama Siskiyou Colusa Glenn Lassen Modoc Plumas 82

92 Housing & Real Estate Median Home Price Overview The median home price is the price that is midway between the least expensive and most expensive home sold in an area during a given period of time. Median home prices are affected by and based on supply and demand. The housing market is sensitive to interest rates and does well when rates are low. There is normally a rapid price increase during times of lower interest rates - as seen in Median home price acts as a gauge for affordability levels. In some areas an outstripping of supply has resulted in California having one of the lowest affordability levels in the nation. According to the California Association of Realtors, only about 30 percent of the state's families can afford to buy a typical median-priced home, compared with 55 percent in the country as a whole. California has the third lowest rate of homeownership in the nation followed only by Hawaii and New York. Median Home Price and Sales Percent in Median price Annual percent change Living area (sq. foot) Price per sq. foot Percent of sales by price range under $70 - $99 Percent of sales by price range $100 -$199 Percent of sales by price range $200-$324 Percent of sales by price range $325 and over 1990 $ 211,800 n/a 1,830 $ % 39.4% 43.4% 16.4% 1991 $ 215, % 1,900 $ % 35.5% 51.5% 12.4% 1992 $ 232, % 1,980 $ % 37.2% 47.4% 15.4% 1993 $ 219, % 1,906 $ % 40.0% 48.4% 9.4% 1994 $ 213, % 1,810 $ % 41.3% 51.9% 6.8% 1995 $ 195, % 1,595 $ % 55.0% 32.8% 12.2% 1996 $ 220, % 1,750 $ % 40.2% 43.2% 16.6% 1997 $ 237, % 1,730 $ % 37.1% 36.3% 25.8% 1998 $ 236, % 1,820 $ % 29.1% 52.7% 18.2% 1999 $ 231, % 1,735 $ % 29.5% 43.7% 25.0% 2000 $ 279, % 1,865 $ % 8.9% 53.6% 37.5% 2001 $ 328, % 1,850 $ % 2.7% 41.1% 56.2% Source: Construction Industry Research Board Median Home Price and Sales Percentage in California Median price Annual percent change Living area (sq. foot) Price per sq.foot Percent of sales by price range under $70 to $99 Percent of sales by price range $100 -$199 Percent of sales by price range $200-$324 Percent of sales by price range $325 and over 1990 $ 189,900 n/a 1,865 $ % 46.9% 28.4% 17.4% 1991 $ 197, % 1,900 $ % 45.3% 31.2% 17.9% 1992 $ 186, % 1,855 $ % 49.7% 30.2% 14.1% 1993 $ 182, % 1,835 $ % 51.2% 29.3% 12.9% 1994 $ 187, % 1,840 $ % 48.6% 31.4% 13.3% 1995 $ 187, % 1,845 $ % 48.5% 30.1% 14.6% 1996 $ 189, % 1,840 $ % 45.4% 31.2% 14.7% 1997 $ 199, % 1,895 $ % 43.1% 29.8% 19.7% 1998 $ 208, % 1,950 $ % 41.0% 29.4% 23.8% 1999 $ 225, % 1,950 $ % 37.4% 29.9% 28.1% 2000 $ 243, % 2,000 $ % 32.1% 31.6% 32.1% 2001 $ 256, % 2,035 $ % 29.3% 33.8% 34.4% Source: Construction Industry Research Board 83

93 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile As of 2001, the median home price in Sonoma County was $328,200, compared to $256,000 statewide. This number reflects a dramatic increase from 2000, when the median home price in was $279,000. Again, this increase is largely due to very low interest rates in the county in Median home prices in are also much less predictable than in the rest of the state. Annual percent changes in median home price in the county have ranged from percent to -8.1 percent since 1995, while annual percent changes in the rest of California have not fluctuated by more than 3.2 percent in any one year span in the last ten years. $350,000 $300,000 $250,000 $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% -10% $0 Median Home Price Median Home Price Annual Percent Change California California % 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Percentage of Home Sales by Price Range in Price range under $70 - $99 Price range $100 - $199 Price range $200 - $324 Price range $325 and over Price per Square Foot California $200 $150 $100 $50 $ % 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Percentage of Home Sales by Price Range in California Price range under $70 - $99 Price range $100 - $199 Price range $200 - $324 Price range $325 and over ,500 2,250 2,000 1,750 1,500 1,250 1, Living Area by Square Foot California

94 Travel & Tourism 8. Travel & Tourism Tourists are people who are away from their homes for at least one night for reasons other than commuting or routine travel. The reasons for travel can include business, pleasure, and personal purposes. Tourism in has seen an increase in recent years due to the number of wineries and other attractions in the area. In fact, as of 2001, was second only to Sacramento County in travel expenditures in Northern California counties. Total annual travel expenditures have increased 40 percent since 1992, and are expected to continue rising as the wineries in Sonoma County increase in size and customer base. Tourism in the county also provided over 15,000 jobs to county residents in For most of the residents of, commuting to work is a minute drive in a personal car, truck, or van. Although 12.6 percent of county residents report that they typically carpool to work, this number is slightly below the California average of 16 percent. In this section: Travel Expenditures Travel-Generated Employment Total Annual Tourism Earnings Tax Revenues Generated by Travel Expenditures Travel Time to Work Means of Transporation Vehicle Registration

95 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Travel Expenditures Overview The travel industry encompasses all businesses that provide goods and services to the traveling public, which includes both commuters and tourists. This industry has a significant impact on California's economy, as well as having primary importance in many local communities. It helps to diversify and stabilize rural economies, generating jobs, payroll, and tax revenues for each county. The most recognized benefit resulting from tourism is the amount of money tourists spend in a community. Communities with a strong tourism industry will attract travelers who, in turn, generate income and profits for businesses in the area. Travel and tourism spending is defined as all purchases made by a traveler at the point of sale during a trip to or through a county. The expenditures are estimated in current dollars and can include the following: Accommodations refer to spending by tourists for lodging in hotels and motels, camping sites, and rented vacation homes. Eating/drinking refers to spending by travelers at businesses serving food and beverages for immediate consumption. Retail sales refer to spending by travelers on gifts or souvenirs and any items other than food or recreation. Transportation refers to spending by travelers for travel arrangements to and from their destinations. The total travel expenditure in in 2001 was $952.7 million, reflecting a 2.1 percent increase from the preceding year. The overall travel expenditure in California in 2001 was $74,911 million, meaning that travel expenditures in accounted for approximately 1.5 percent of all travel expenditures in the state. Of all the counties in Northern California, this percentage is second only to Sacramento County, which accounted for 2.6 percent of all travel expenditures in the state. It is important to note that although total California travel expenditures decreased by 0.5 percent in 2001, travel expenditures in increased by 2.0 percent. Total Annual Travel Expenditure by County and State ($ Millions) Expenditure in Annual percent change Expenditure in California Annual percent change 1992 $ n/a $ 47,120.0 n/a 1993 $ % $ 48, % 1994 $ % $ 50, % 1995 $ % $ 52, % 1996 $ % $ 57, % 1997 $ % $ 62, % 1998 $ % $ 64, % 1999 $ % $ 69, % 2000 $ % $ 75, % 2001 $ % $ 74, % Source: California Travel and Tourism Commission, Dean Runyan Associates Recreation refers to spending by travelers for amusement such as admissions to tourist attractions. 86

96 Travel & Tourism 1,200 Total Annual Travel Expenditure in 1, % 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% Annual Percent Change California % 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Rank of County Travel Expenditures as a Percentage of California Travel Expenditures (average ) Sacramento Sonoma Placer El Dorado Mendocino Shasta Humboldt Nevada Lake Butte Siskiyou Plumas Tehama Del Norte Yuba Trinity Lassen Sutter Glenn Colusa Sierra Modoc 87

97 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Travel-Generated Employment Overview Job generation as well as other developments of the local economy can be considerably affected by the tourism industry. A county that is reliant on tourism is more likely to remain stable in economic downturns and to provide a healthy source of jobs for unskilled workers and youth. Tourism-generated employment includes all parttime and full-time positions of wage and salary workers associated with tourism-generated payroll and proprietors. The most common jobs are held in areas of amusement, recreation, public parks, cultural services, motels, and restaurants. Of course, the amount of tourism varies as the seasons change, reflecting either a rise or decline in employment and/or income. Travel-generated employment produced 15,200 jobs in in 2001, which was 6.0 percent of the total employment in the county. This number is down slightly from the late 1990's, in which travel-generated employment provided 15,800 jobs from Although the total number of travel-generated jobs has decreased by 2.6 percent from 2000 to 2001, this is a smaller decline than the 5.1 percent decrease that was seen across California from during the same time period. Also, still ranks second in travel-generated employment among all Northern California counties, second only to Sacramento County. Total Travel-Generated Employment (Thousands of Jobs) Travelgenerated employment Annual percent change Total employment Travel-generated employment as a percent of total employment Travelgenerated employment Annual percent change Total employment Travel-generated employment as a percent of total employment n/a % n/a 13, % % % % 13, % % % % 14, % % % % 14, % % % % 14, % % % 1, % 14, % % % 1, % 15, % % % 1, % 15, % % % 1, % 16, % % % 1, % 16, % Source: California Travel and Tourism Commission, Dean Runyan Associates California 88

98 Travel & Tourism County Total Travel-Generated Employment (Thousands of jobs) % 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% County Travel-Generated Employment as a Percentage of Total Employment California % 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% -4.0% -6.0% Annual Percent Change California % 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Rank of County Travel-Generated Employment as a Percentage of California (average ) Sacramento Sonoma El Dorado Placer Humboldt Mendocino Shasta Nevada Lake Butte Siskiyou Plumas Del Norte Tehama Trinity Yuba Lassen Sutter Glenn Colusa Modoc Sierra 89

99 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Total Annual Tourism Earnings Overview Total tourism earnings are all earnings of employees and business owners that are attributable to travel expenditures including wages and salaries, earned benefits, and proprietor income. Other earnings not directly related to travel are not included. Between 1997 and 2002, 's total direct travel-generated earnings increased 21.8 percent, compared to a slightly lesser increase in California, at 19 percent. * Data prior to 1997 was not revised by Dean Runyan and Associates to include NAICS revisions at the time of writing. Therefore, data may not be comparable to previous years. Please contact the CED for any available updates in the near future. Total Annual Tourism Earnings by County and State ($ Millions) Earnings in Sonoma County Annual percent change Earnings in California Annual percent change 1992 $ n/a $ 15,900 n/a 1993 $ % $ 16, % 1994 $ % $ 16, % 1995 $ % $ 17, % 1996 $ % $ 18, % 1997* $ % $ 20, % 1998 $ % $ 21, % 1999 $ % $ 23, % 2000 $ % $ 24, % 2001 $ % $ 24, % 2002 $ % $ 24, % Source: California Travel and Tourism Commission, Dean Runyan Associates Total Annual Tourism Earnings $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $ % 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% Annual Percent Change California % Rank of County Travel Earnings as a Percentage of California (average ) 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Sacramento Sonoma Placer El Dorado Mendocino Humboldt Shasta Nevada Lake Butte Siskiyou Plumas Del Norte Tehama Trinity Lassen Yuba Sutter Colusa Glenn Modoc Sierra 90

100 Travel & Tourism Tax Revenues Generated by Travel Expenditures Overview Tax revenue is the amount of money received from taxes collected by a government on its own behalf or as an agent of another government. There are two types of taxes generated from the tourism industry: Local Taxes are tax receipts that can be defined as all tax receipts collected by counties and municipalities from travel-related purchases. State Taxes are tax receipts that can be defined as all state sales taxes resulting from travel expenditures and business taxes incurred by the travel industry. Tourism revenues in have been steadily increasing over the last decade. Between 1992 and 2001, 's total travel-generated tax revenue increased 61 percent, just slightly behind the state of California, which saw a 63 percent increase. During the same period, 's travel-generated local tax revenue increased 89 percent, while state tax revenues in the county increased 51 percent. These numbers do not necessarily reflect total tourism activity in, as many of the attractions in the county - restaurants and wineries especially - offer untaxed goods and services. $70 $60 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 $50 $40 $30 $20 $10 $0 County Total Tax Revenues Generated by Travel Expenditures ($ Millions) County Local and State Travel Expenditure Revenues Local tax revenues State tax revenues Total Tax Revenues Generated by Travel Expenditure by County and State ($ Millions) Local tax revenues State tax revenues Total tax revenues Annual percent change Local tax revenues State tax revenues Total tax revenues Annual percent change 1992 $ $ $ n/a $ $ 2, $ 2, n/a 1993 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 2, $ 3, % 1994 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 2, $ 3, % 1995 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 2, $ 3, % 1996 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 2, $ 3, % 1997 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 2, $ 3, % 1998 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 2, $ 4, % 1999 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 2, $ 4, % 2000 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 3, $ 4, % 2001 $ $ $ % $ 1, $ 3, $ 4, % Source: California Travel and Tourism Commission, Dean Runyan Associates California 91

101 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% -2.0% County Tax Revenues Annual Percent Change California % 2.5% Rank of County Travel Spending Revenue as a Percentage of California Travel Expenditure Revenue (average ) 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Sacramento Sonoma El Dorado Placer Mendocino Shasta Humboldt Nevada Butte Lake Siskiyou Plumas Tehama Del Norte Yuba Lassen Sutter Trinity Glenn Colusa Modoc Sierra 92

102 Travel & Tourism Travel Time to Work Overview As the United States economy heads toward a broader global market, the dynamics of transportation to and from work change as well. Commuting has become a way of life. People spend countless hours on the road traveling to and from work, and lose valuable time otherwise available to spend on other things - such as working, time at home, or time in the marketplace. In addition the increasing use of the Internet to conduct business has had an impact on the amount of people working from their homes or nearby offices, while the expansion of large businesses in metropolitan areas attracts employees from rural areas. Commuting has had a tremendous effect on local economies and defines the need for increased public transportation. As of 2000, 68,967 residents in percent of the total - commuted between 10 and 19 minutes to their place of employment, while 17.4 percent faced a commute of minutes. These are also the two most common commute times statewide. However, a significant number of residents had much easier commutes, with 34,039 people reporting a commute time of less than ten minutes. This number, which is 15.2 percent of all employed residents, is higher than the 10.2 percent of workers with similar commutes throughout California. Travel Time to Work Minutes to work Number Percent Number Percent Did not work at home n/a n/a n/a n/a Less than 5 7, % 7, % , % 26, % , % 68, % , % 39, % , % 27, % , % 5, % , % 12, % , % 14, % 90+ 6, % 10, % Worked at home 9, % 12, % Total 190,431 n/a 224,947 n/a Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Travel Time to Work (Minutes), Percent of Total, 1990 and 2000 Less than California

103 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Means of Transportation Overview Commuting is a necessary and regular part of life for those in the workforce. The means by which the population travels to and from work can be used to analyze the need and importance of public transportation availability, such as buses, trains, trams, carpooling, automobile services, road conditions, walking paths, and bike lanes. As of 2000, the vast majority of workers, 87.3 percent, got to work via car, truck, or van, and 74.7 percent drove alone. This number is lower than the average 82.1 percent of workers who drove alone throughout the rest of California. Also, 12.6 percent of 's workers carpooled in 2000, and only 2.4 percent used public transportation of some kind. Of workers, 4.6 percent used non-motorized means to get to work: 0.8 percent rode a bicycle, 3.1 percent walked, and 0.7 percent got to work using some other means. These numbers have remained consistent in the last ten years, and no significant increases or decreases in mode of transportation have been noted from 1990 to Means of Transportation to Work Number Percent Number Percent Car, truck, or van: 166, % 196, % Drove alone 142, % 168, % Carpooled 24, % 28, % Public transportation: 4, % 5, % Bus or trolley bus 4, % 5, % Streetcar or trolley car 9 0.0% % Subway or elevated % % Railroad 0 0.0% 3 0.0% Ferryboat % % Taxicab % % Motorcycle % % Bicycle 1, % 1, % Walked 6, % 6, % Other means 1, % 1, % Worked at home 9, % 12, % Total 190,431 n/a 224,947 n/a Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census Means of Transportation to Work, Percent of Total, 2000 California 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Drove alone Carpooled Public Transportation 94

104 Travel & Tourism Vehicle Registration Overview Registration is an annual fee based on vehicle type that is required for vehicles registered for use on the highway. The California Highway Patrol (CHP) and the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) use this money to offset costs for road safety, maintenance, and repairs. The number of vehicles registered in a county reflects the amount of funding the state and local offices can use for such activities. Registration also includes a Vehicle License Fee (VLF), which is based on the purchase price or value of the vehicle acquired, and was established in lieu of a property tax on vehicles. The majority of these fees go directly back to the communities from which they came. The varying priorities of each county determine what projects these fees will be appointed to. Registration fees also benefit local projects such as Fingerprint Identification for children in the community, vehicle abatement for the disposal of abandoned vehicles, Service Authority for Freeway Emergencies (SAFE), auto theft deterrence/dui educational prevention tactics, and air quality monitoring and management programs. The number of total vehicle registrations has increased steadily over the last several years, and reached a total of 474,792 vehicles in in Of these, 299,353 were automobiles, 110,548 were trucks, 53,438 were trailers, and 11,453 were motorcycles. There was an increase in all types of vehicles except trailers from , and these numbers are expected to continue rising as more people obtain their driver's licenses and begin driving in. Because registration fees in certain cases can cost up to $100, vehicle registration and vehicle licensing fees are a significant source of income for the county. 500, , , , , , , , ,000 50,000 0 Total Vehicle Registrations Estimated Fee Paid Vehicle Registrations Autos Trucks Trailers Motorcycles Total ,935 86,659 33,006 10, , ,392 88,891 39,637 10, , ,057 89,138 39,248 10, , ,272 90,471 41,398 9, , ,471 90,602 39,464 9, , ,231 91,516 42,128 10, , ,883 93,990 42,535 9, , ,030 89,941 42,998 7, , ,930 96,778 43,392 8, , , ,953 46,794 8, , , ,789 52,455 9, , , ,126 57,235 10, , , ,548 53,438 11, ,792 Source: California Department of Motor Vehicles 95

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106 Community Health 9. Community Health Health and human service agencies are extremely important in treating and monitoring the needs of the community. Community health indicators can determine and assess the success of programs and services that provide access to physical and mental support for a community. When considering community health indicators, it is helpful to look not only at traditional medical indicators, but individual and collective health as well. Individual health may be influenced by a variety of factors including educational attainment, employment, environmental factors, and even community relations. Health factors in a community provide an overall understanding of the health care knowledge, importance, and availability in a county. By analyzing trends in, the needs of the community become clear. The community health of has seen improvement in several major categories over the last decade. Teen pregnancy and infant mortality rates both reached their lowest points in the last ten years in 2001, and were also considerably lower than California averages. Also, the number of physicians in has increased steadily since 1990, and as of 2003 the incidence of AIDS in the county per 100,000 residents is lower than the statewide average. In this section: Births, Deaths, and Leading Causes of Death Teenage Pregnancy Rates Low Birth Weight Infant Mortality Medical Service Providers AIDS Cases Persons Living with a Disability Alcohol and Drug Program Clients Child Health and Disability Prevention Program Child Abuse Referrals and Allegations Foster Care Entries

107 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Births, Deaths, and Leading Causes of Death Overview Birth and death statistics are essential in putting together public health information. This data is used for planning educational initiatives, problem identification, and targeting public health programs and services. A population's birth rate can also be used to plan maternal and childcare services. The "number" of live births refers to those births given by a resident of the county, while it may have taken place outside of that county. "Occurrence" is the number of live births that took place in the county, regardless of whether it was to a resident. The live birth rate is the number of live births per thousand people in the county. There was a total of 5,827 live births in Sonoma County in 2001, and 5,706 of those were to Sonoma County residents. Both of these numbers reflect increases from the previous year, and the number of live births in the county has increased steadily since There were also 3,872 deaths in in 2001, and like the rest of California, heart disease, cancer, and cerebro-vascular disease were the top three causes of death. There was an overall increase of 37 deaths from 2000 to 2001 in, although 101 fewer people died of heart disease in 2001 than did in % 20.0% Live Birth Rate, County and State California Number of Live Births Residence Number Rate Occurrence , % n/a , % n/a , % n/a , % n/a , % 5, , % 5, , % 5, , % 5, , % 5, % 5, , % 5, , % 5,827 Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population Estimates), and California Department of Health Services Number of Live Births, California Residence Number Rate Occurrence , % 612, , % 610, , % 602, , % 585, , % 567, , % 552, , % 539, , % 525, , % 522, % 519, , % 532, , % 528,609 Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population Estimates), and California Department of Health Services 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0%

108 Community Health 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% Death Rate, County and State California 0.0% Number of Deaths Residence Number Rate Occurrence , % n/a , % n/a , % n/a , % n/a , % 3, , % 3, , % 3, , % 3, , % 3, % 3, , % 3, , % 3,915 Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population Estimates), and California Department of Health Services Leading Causes of Death, Disease All causes 3,483 3,456 3,634 3,767 3,690 3,735 3,835 3,872 Heart Disease 995 1,001 1,021 1,019 1,030 1,109 1, Cancer Cerebro-Vascular Disease Pneumonia & Influenza Pulmonary Disease Accidents AIDS Cirrhosis Diabetes Suicide Homicide Alzheimers All other causes Source: State of California, Department of Health Services Number of Deaths, California Residence Number Rate Occurrence , % 214, , % 216, , % 216, , % 222, , % 224, , % 224, , % 224, , % 225, , % 227, % 230, , % 230, , % 234,683 Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population Estimates), and California Department of Health Services Leading Causes of Death, California Disease All causes 222, , , , , , , ,790 Heart Disease 68,312 67,990 67,676 68,273 68,946 69,900 68,533 69,004 Cancer 51,247 51,217 50,904 51,818 51,186 52,880 53,005 53,810 Cerebro-Vascular Disease 15,703 16,176 16,481 16,649 16,385 18,079 18,090 18,078 Pneumonia & Influenza 10,237 10,548 11,134 12,286 13,316 8,014 8,355 8,167 Pulmonary Disease 11,017 10,765 11,373 11,737 12,261 13,187 12,754 13,056 Accidents 9,233 9,372 9,217 8,762 8,620 8,940 8,814 9,274 AIDS 6,739 6,450 4,207 1,857 1,432 1,558 1,453 1,495 Cirrhosis 3,630 3,575 3,501 3,502 3,460 3,546 3,673 3,759 Diabetes 4,918 5,096 5,380 5,611 5,796 6,004 6,203 6,457 Suicide 3,821 3,823 3,408 3,424 3,215 3,047 3,113 3,256 Homicide 3,690 3,623 3,007 2,780 2,265 2,042 2,084 2,301 Alzheimers 1,521 1,717 1,972 2,057 2,087 3,934 4,398 4,897 All other causes 37,937 37,566 39,027 38,596 40,000 40,434 41,343 43,032 Source: State of California, Department of Health Services 99

109 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Teenage Pregnancy Rates Overview Teen pregnancy is a major national and state concern. Problematic births, such as preclampsial, pre-term delivery, and low birth weight infants are all commonly associated with teenage pregnancies. Teen mothers are also more likely to experience single parenthood, marital instability, poor socio-economic status, and decreased educational attainment. According to the California Senate Office of Research, one quarter of teen mothers in California are themselves children of teen mothers. Although teenage birth rates slowed to the lowest point ever in 2003, teenage pregnancy remains an important concern throughout the United States. A teenage birth can result in many complications for those involved, including health risks for the mother and child, as well as mental and economic stresses. The following terms are defined to aid in better understanding the possible problems involved with teenage pregnancy: Albumin is any of the numerous simple, heat-coagulable, water-soluble proteins that occur in blood plasma or serum, muscle, the whites of eggs, milk, and other animal substances, and in many plant tissues and fluids. Albuminuria indicates the presence of albumin4 in the urine. Edema is an abnormal infiltration and excess accumulation of serous fluid in connective tissue or in the serous cavity. Preeclampsia is a toxic condition developed in late pregnancy that is characterized by a sudden rise in blood pressure, excessive weight gain, generalized edema2, albuminuria3, severe headaches, and visual disturbances. Teen Birth Rates Age of mother n/a n/a n/a n/a a a Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population), and California Department of Health Services California Teen Birth Rates Age of mother Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population), and California Department of Health Services Teen Birth Rates, Mothers Age California

110 Community Health NOTE: a denotes rates that are not calculated for fewer than five births Teen pregnancy rates in reached 10 percent of all pregnancies in 1994, but have steadily decreased since, even as the population has grown. Also, teen pregnancy rates in have always been lower than the overall incidence throughout California. Only 8.0 percent of all births in the county were from teen mothers in 2001, lower than the California average of 10 percent. Of these, the vast majority of teen mothers were between the ages of This decrease may be due to a prevalence of educational prevention programs and the implementation of sexual education classes throughout California school districts, including. 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% Total Teen Births (as a Percent of Total Live Births) California Total Teen Birth Numbers and Percentages Total teen births Percent of total live births % % % % % % % % % % % % Source: State of California, Department of Health Services, Birth Records California Total Teen Birth Numbers and Percentages Total teen births Percent of total live births , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: State of California, Department of Health Services, Birth Records 101

111 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Low Birth Weight Overview Low birth weight is the primary cause of infant mortality. Birth weight is also an important element in childhood development. There are many factors that lead to low birth weights, such as the mother's smoking of tobacco during pregnancy, use of alcohol or other non-prescribed substance, poor nutrition, lack of or late prenatal care, and premature birth. The National Center for Health Statistics and the Department of Health Services agree that low birth weight is defined as "a live birth weighing less than 2,500 grams or 5 pounds, 8 ounces." The total number of low birth weights in Sonoma County in 2001 was 313, which was 5.5 percent of the total number of births in the same year. This percentage is down from 5.7 percent in 2000, and is 0.7 percent less than the rate of low weight births across California. In fact, the percentage of total births designated as low-weight births in has been lower than statewide percentages since See below for a comparative graph of low birth weights in and California from % 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Number of Low Birth Weight Infants Low Birth Weight Infants (Percent of Total Live Births) California Low Birth Weight Infants (under 2,500 grams) Percent of total live Number births California Percent of total live Number births % 35, % % 35, % % 35, % % 34, % % 33, % % 32, % % 32, % % 32, % % 31, % % 32, % % 33, % Source: State of California, Department of Health Services, Birth Records 102

112 Community Health Infant Mortality Overview Infant mortality is a topic that requires extended attention in the United States, according to the California Department of Health Services. Infant mortality rates can demonstrate the motivation behind many assistance programs and increase awareness of existing health concerns. Infant mortality rates are the sum of infant and neonatal deaths, which are described below: Neonatal death is a death occurring before the first 28 days of life. Infant death is a death occurring during the first year of life. *Percent of infant deaths out of every 1,000 live births % 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Number of Infant Deaths, Infant Death Rate (Out of Live Births) California There were a total of 21 infant deaths in Sonoma County in 2001, a decrease of six deaths from the previous year. This figure represents 3.7 percent of the live births for the same year, 1.6 percent lower than the California average. After a peak of 32 infant deaths in in 1999, the number of infant deaths has decreased steadily: the current number of annual infant deaths is the lowest in ten years. Number of Infant Deaths, Number of infant deaths Percent of live births* % % % % % % % % Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population Estimates), and California Department of Health Services Number of Infant Deaths, California Number of infant deaths Percent of live births* , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % Source: California Department of Finance (1990 Population Estimates), and California Department of Health Services 103

113 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Medical Service Providers Overview The number of practitioners providing services within an area indicates the available healthcare resources within a community. Access to health care and preventative services such as immunizations and health screenings are important to an individual's health. Those lacking preventative services are at a higher risk for some diseases, especially those that are preventable by vaccine. Dentists The State of California's Department of Consumer Affairs is responsible for recording the number of licensed dentists for each county. As of November 26, 2003, there were 406 licensed dentists located within. Physicians The Medical Board of California regulates the majority of medical issues and concerns in California, and is responsible for reporting the number of physicians in specific areas in their annual report. As of 2003, there were 1,322 physicians actively practicing in, an increase of 38 physicians from the previous year. As the number of physicians in California and continues to rise, community health and preventative care services will continue to improve. Also, an influx of physicians in a particular area raises that area's economic and educational status. Nearly 350 physicians have set up practices in since 1990 Number of Physicians, County 1,400 1,200 1, Number of Physicians Number of physicians Total physicians in CA , ,021 76, ,061 76, ,078 76, ,102 77, ,103 78, ,136 79, ,145 80, ,164 81, ,206 82, ,264 84, ,286 86, ,322 89,025 Source: Medical Board of California 104

114 Community Health AIDS Cases Overview Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become a worldwide epidemic since first reported in the United States in Over 800,000 AIDS cases have been reported in the United States since 1981 and many more may be infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS is not aware of race, gender, or sexual preference. However, the epidemic is growing most rapidly among minority populations and is the leading killer of African-American males, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID). From 1981 to 2003, there have been a total of 1,711 AIDS cases reported in, and 1,058 (62 percent) of these cases have terminated in death to the patient. In California as a whole, 128,474 AIDS cases have been reported since 1981, and 77,461 (60 percent) have resulted in death. These numbers translate to a ratio of in 100,000 incidence rate among residents, and a in 100,000 incidence rate among Californians. Often people with AIDS cannot hold steady employment or perform household chores due to conditions brought on by the illness. In some cases, people may experience phases of intense life-threatening illness followed by phases of normal function. AIDS Cases & Cumulative Incidence ( ) AIDS cases Number Percent 1,711 1, % California 128,474 77, % Source: California Department of Health Deaths Incidence (per 100,000) 105

115 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Persons Living with a Disability Overview In order to understand the special needs of a community, it helps to look at the number of people in a community who live with a disability, and the types of facilities that are available. Six of the major disabilities are listed below. Sensory disabilities are conditions that affect the sensory organs, such as blindness, deafness, or a severe vision or hearing impairment. Physical disabilities are conditions that substantially limit one or more basic physical activities, such as walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or carrying. Mental disabilities are conditions that affect thinking processes, such as learning, remembering, or concentrating. Self-Care disabilities are conditions in which basic everyday routines are not met, such as bathing and dressing oneself, or getting around inside the home without assistance. Going outside the home disabilities are conditions in which people are confined to their home and cannot leave it without assistance. Employment disability is the inability to work at a job or business. The totals in the following figures include the disabilities listed above. Only persons years of age were asked about employment disabilities. Only persons 65 years of age and older were asked about a going outside the home disability. As of 2000, the total number of people living in with reported disabilities was 75,769, a number which represents 17.7 percent of the total population in the county. Of these, 3,585 were 5 to 15 years of age, 51,035 were between the ages of 16 and 64, and 21,149 were 65 and over. Of disabled residents between the ages of 16 and 64, 33,804 had some kind of employment disability. Statewide, 5,923,361 Californians reported some kind of disability in 2000, which is 19.2 percent of the state's total population. 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% Persons with a Disability (Percent of Age Group Population), 2000 California 5 to 15 years 16 to 64 years 65 years and over Persons with a Disability, 2000 Age Employment Total with a disability disability Percent of age group population Employment disability Total with disability Percent of age group population 5 to 15 years n/a 3, % n/a 277, % 16 to 64 years 33,804 51, % 2,770,128 4,180, % 65 years and over n/a 21, % n/a 1,465, % Total 33,804 75, % 2,770,128 5,923, % Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census California 106

116 Community Health Alcohol and Drug Program Clients Overview Data on the number of participants in an area's available substance addiction and abuse programs can be useful in determining the need and utilization of public funds for such services, as well as establishing a basis for further study into the promotion of healthy individuals within a community. The data collected here was provided by RAND California, and based on California Alcohol and Drug Data Programs. The department develops, administers, and financially assists treatment and prevention programs throughout the state and also offers certification of residential and non-residential programs. Most of the information reported is submitted by treatment providers who receive state or federal funds. Licensed Narcotic Treatment Programs, which may or may not receive public funds, and Drug Medi-Cal providers, are required to submit information. Analysis and compilation of the data is performed, excluding client names and any identifying personal information. Drug program admissions are due to primary problems with one or more of the following: heroin, barbiturates, methamphetamines, amphetamines, stimulants, cocaine/crack, marijuana/hashish, PCP, hallucinogens, tranquilizers (benzodiazepine), other tranquilizers, nonprescription methadone, inhalants, and other opiates and synthetics. It does not include other sedatives or hypnotics, over-the-counter drugs, or secondary problems. A total of 5,215 residents were admitted into some kind of substance abuse program in Of the total, 1,981 were admitted to alcohol programs, and 3,222 were admitted into drug abuse programs. The majority of people (2,943) admitted into alcohol and drug abuse programs in in 2000 were admitted in the city of Santa Rosa, and no other city in the county reported more than 400 total program admissions. 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, % 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Alcohol and Drug Program Admissions Primary drug admissions Primary alcohol admissions Percent of Population Admitted to Drug and Alcohol Programs California

117 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Primary Alcohol Program Admissions Cloverdale Cotati Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastapol Sonoma Windsor Sonoma County 1992 n/a 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 1 9 n/a 1 n/a , , , , , , , ,981 Source: RAND California Primary Drug Program Admissions Cloverdale Cotati Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastapol Sonoma Windsor Sonoma County , , , , , , , , , , , , ,222 Source: RAND California Total Alcohol and Drug Program Admissions Cloverdale Cotati Healdsburg Petaluma Rohnert Park Santa Rosa Sebastapol Sonoma Windsor Sonoma County , , , , , , , , , , , , ,215 Source: RAND California 108

118 Community Health Child Health and Disability Prevention Program (CHDP) Overview The prevention and early awareness of health problems in young children can reduce the risk of further medical complications in the future. The Child Health and Disability Prevention Program (CHDP) is a preventative health care program that provides early services to children whether or not they show signs of health problems. Children and teens, especially those in low-income families, receive periodic health evaluations and further diagnosis and treatment referrals if problems are evident. The department works with local health agencies in ensuring health services for those children referred for further examination or treatment. Services offered in full assessments include, but are not limited to, physical examinations, developmental and nutritional assessments, vision and hearing tests, tuberculin tests, laboratory tests, immunizations, and diagnoses. While the number of children receiving health and dental assessments from CHDP in decreased between FY 1995 and 2000, the percent of total target population served has increased. This may reflect the effectiveness of programs implemented, and the utilization of these programs by county residents. Changes may also be attributed to the use of alternate health care programs and/or reporting trends, as the data provided is based on claims submitted by CHDP providers. Children Served by CHDP Total children served by CHDP Percent of target population served 95/96 14, /97 15, /98 15, /99 14, /00 12, /01 11, Source: California Department of Health Services 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Total Number of Children Served by CHDP 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 109

119 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Child Abuse Referrals & Allegations Overview Child abuse is determined by a lack of or improper treatment of a child by a caretaker. Mistreatment of the child is defined as the actions, or lack of actions, that present a risk to the child's safety. The four main types of mistreatment include physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. In child abuse cases, the age of the child is a key factor in determining the needs and risks of the child. The number of child abuse referrals in a particular area can indicate the need for Child Protection Services (CPS) in that area. CPS is a division of Child Welfare Services, and is responsible for investigating child abuse allegations and determining their validity. A CPS caseworker will evaluate the circumstances of a particular abuse case and make a categorical conclusion based on the evidence he/she discovers. The three assessment categories are substantiated, inconclusive, and unfounded. In a substantiated case, there is sufficient evidence to prove that some kind of abuse has taken place, and the child is taken out of parental or caretaker custody. In an inconclusive case, there has not been sufficient evidence for or against the occurrence of abuse, and the case is left open but no action is taken. In an unfounded case, evidence has proven that no abuse has taken place, and the child remains in parental or caretaker custody. Of the 4,180 child abuse referrals made in Sonoma County in FY2002, 830 were substantiated cases. Of these, over half (479) dealt with children 6-15 years of age. This was also the most numerous age group in cases deemed inconclusive or unfounded. The most common type of abuse in these cases was "substantiated risk," meaning that children were in environments that had severe overall effects on their emotional and physical well-being; there were 206 substantiated cases of this kind of abuse in in FY2002. "General neglect" was the second largest category, with 177 victims, and physical abuse was the third most common type of child abuse, with 126 substantiated cases. In addition to the 830 substantiated abuse cases in in FY2002, there were 805 inconclusive cases and 692 unfounded cases. Of the inconclusive cases, physical abuse was the most common type of allegation, with 356 referrals. This was also true of the unfounded cases, 301 of which were allegations of physical abuse. 2,000 1,500 Total Child Abuse Referrals, FY2002 NOTE: In the following data, a child is counted only once per year in the county for the category of the highest severity. Percent calculations do not include the allegation missing/other. The number zero under the allegation category missing/other acts as a placeholder. Those numbers representing between 1 and 4 allegations are denoted as n/a, so as to protect confidentiality. 1, Substantiated Inconclusive Unfounded Assessment only 110

120 Community Health Child Abuse Referrals by Age, FY2002 1,400 1,200 1, Less than 1 year 1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years years years 18+ years County Child Abuse Referrals by Age, FY2002 Age-Class Substantiated Inconclusive Unfounded Assessment only Total Missing n/a n/a Less than 1 year years years years , years , years years 0 n/a Total ,180 Source: CWS/CMS Q Extrzct County Child Abuse Referrals by Allegation, FY2002 Allegation Substantiated Inconclusive Unfounded Assessment only Sexual abuse Physical abuse ,103 Severe neglect n/a n/a 62 General neglect Exploitation 0 0 n/a n/a n/a Emotional abuse Caretaker absence/incapacity At risk, sibling abused 48 n/a Substantial risk Missing/other ,079 1,079 Total ,853 4,180 Source: CWS/CMS Q Extrzct Total 111

121 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Foster Care Entries Overview Foster care is an out-of-home care system designed to protect children that cannot safely remain in the care of their families. Child abuse or neglect are the main causes of a child being removed from their home and made a dependent of the court. The foster care program is aimed at placing these children that have been removed from their family in an environment where they will receive proper care and attention. Foster care entries can be of many different types, including kinship, foster, foster family agencies, group homes, shelters, and guardian care. It is common for children placed in foster care to remain in the system, with multiple placements, until age 18. Depending on the success of the initial placements, the time spent in the welfare foster system can have lasting effects on the child's adult life following emancipation. For example, statistics show that children with over five placements suffer more hardships than a child that had fewer than five placements. A small but disturbing number of males enter the state prison system after they leave the child welfare system, while those women that become mothers while in foster care are four times as likely to receive welfare or state aid as other young females in their age group. Other outcomes of multiple placements and prolonged participation in the foster care system may include mood, behavior, psychotic, anxiety, and adjustment disorders. Though the occurrence of these disorders is not solely due to the foster care system, the percentage of children in foster care with these conditions far exceed those children not in foster care. NOTE: In the following data, a child is counted only once per year in the county for the category of the highest severity. Percent calculations do not include the allegation missing/other. The number zero under the allegation category missing/other act as placeholders. Those numbers representing between 1 and 4 allegations are denoted as n/a, so as to protect confidentiality. A total of 171 children entered foster care in Sonoma County in 2002, a 6.2 percent increase from the previous year and the highest in the county in the last twelve years. The age of these children varied greatly, ranging from less than one-year old to years of age. Only six children who entered foster care in 2002 were age sixteen or above. County Foster Care Entries by Age Less than 1 year 1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years years 16+ years Missing Total Annual percent change n/a n/a 78 n/a % n/a n/a % % % n/a % n/a % % % % % n/a % % Source: CWS/CMS Q Extract 50.0% 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Foster Care Entries by Age, Percent of Total, 2002 Less than 1 year 1-2 years 3-5 years 6-10 years years 16+ years 112

122 Community Health Of all children in who entered foster care in 2002, 45 percent ended up in official foster homes, while 25 percent went to foster family agencies, 12 percent became the dependents of other family members, 12 percent were placed in group homes, and 5 percent were placed in shelters. These percentages have been consistent in previous years, suggesting that the foster care programs in are stable and functioning at a controllable rate. Total Foster Care Entries % 45.0% 40.0% 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% Foster Care Entries by Placement Type, Percent of Total, 2002 Kinship Foster FFA Group Shelter County Foster Care Entries by Placement Type and Entry Kinship Foster FFA Group Shelter Guardian Missing Total Annual percent change n/a 13 n/a n/a n/a 78 n/a n/a n/a % n/a n/a n/a % 1993 n/a % n/a n/a 76 n/a n/a % 1995 n/a n/a % n/a n/a 70 n/a n/a % 1997 n/a 82 5 n/a % n/a % n/a n/a % n/a % n/a % n/a % Source: CWS/CMS Q Extract 113

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124 Welfare 10. Welfare The amount of assistance that is available to families and individuals in need, and the total demand for such services illustrate the overall health of a community. By assessing the available services and the amount of need currently underserved, it becomes apparent what additional services and/or assistance may improve the quality of life in a specific area. Welfare statistics in and throughout Northern California have been showing consistent trends in the last decade. The number of TANF/CalWORKs recipients and the number of households receiving food stamps have been steadily decreasing, both reaching their lowest points in Meanwhile Medi-Cal expenditures are at their highest, nearing $160 million in The highest numbers of Medi-Cal eligibles are white, making up just over 65 percent of the people served by the program. In this section: TANF/CalWorks Caseload and Expenditures Food Stamps Caseload and Expenditures Medi-Cal Caseload and Expenditures

125 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile TANF/CalWORKs Caseload and Expenditures Overview CalWORKs, California Work Opportunity and Responsibility to Kids, is California's implementation of the federal welfare program, Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF). Information about these programs is useful in determining which areas are in the greatest need of assistance and which areas have the greatest number of people utilizing assistance programs. CalWORKs provides cash assistance and services to qualified families. Families eligible for cash aid are those with a needy child who is deprived because of a disability, absence or death of a parent, or unemployment of the principal earner when both parents are in the home. The assistance is intended to encourage work, enabling families to become self-sufficient, and provide financial support for children who lack the proper support and care. Because CalWORKs is no longer a long-term program - recipients are expected to be able to support themselves at the end of the month program - the caseload of CALWORKs recipients in reached an all time low in 2002 at 2,300 cases, and 5,117 recipients. In the 1990's, when CalWORKs was a longterm program, the annual number of caseloads swelled to 6,926 cases, and 18,656 recipients in The reformed program has ensured that welfare recipients are actively seeking work or acquiring training for work in Sonoma County, and are again contributing to the economy and supporting themselves within two years. TANF/CalWORKs Caseload Average number of cases Average number of recipients 89/90 5,082 13,911 90/91 5,697 15,620 91/92 5,290 14,490 92/93 5,951 16,096 93/94 6,507 17,625 94/95 6,926 18,656 95/96 6,646 17,952 96/97 6,009 16,174 97/98 4,875 12,827 98/99 3,578 8,930 99/00 2,853 6,769 00/01 2,470 5,723 01/02 2,300 5,117 Source: California Department of Social Services Average Number of Cases 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, /90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 116

126 Welfare Food Stamps Caseload and Expenditures Overview The food stamp program is a federally funded program aimed at ending hunger and improving nutrition and health. The program is available to people whose income falls below a certain level, but who are actively seeking employment or are currently employed. The food stamp program is administered through the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The department pays all of the costs of the food stamps issued and half of the administrative costs of the program. The state and county share the other half of the administrative costs. Through this system a county can improve the nutrition of its population without suffering a major drain on its economy. Food stamps cannot be used to buy pet food, soaps, paper products, household supplies, alcoholic beverages, vitamins, or any food prepared in the store or ready-to-eat. Food Stamps Average number of households Average number of persons Total expenditures 89/90 5,209 14,026 $ 6,512,066 90/91 5,700 15,137 $ 8,354,125 91/92 6,704 17,510 $ 11,342,366 92/93 7,499 19,204 $ 13,497,012 93/94 8,496 21,446 $ 15,627,766 94/95 9,413 23,275 $ 17,950,745 95/96 8,992 22,112 $ 17,704,358 96/97 8,109 19,866 $ 16,087,204 97/98 6,261 15,201 $ 12,493,223 98/99 4,711 11,328 $ 9,197,065 99/00 3,888 8,987 $ 7,304,917 00/01 3,400 7,639 $ 6,445,463 01/02 3,585 7,622 $ 7,087,881 Source: California Department of Social Services In 2002, 3,585 households received food stamps, equating to 7,622 people and 7,087,881 in expenditures. Although these numbers are slightly higher than the 2001 totals, they are still considerably lower than food stamp expenditures in the late 1990's. Again, much of this may be due to funding changes, as well as the redesigning of assistance programs in California to encourage employment and self-sufficiency. Average Number of Households Participating in Food Stamp Program 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2, /90 90/91 91/92 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 117

127 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Medi-Cal Caseload and Expenditures Overview The Medi-Cal program statistics and information are used in determining medical cost assistance need in a particular community. Many Medi-Cal recipients are also either CalWORKs recipients or food stamp recipients, creating an overlap in program enrollment. Asian/Pacific Islander includes Amerasian, Asian Indian, Asian/Pacific Islander, Cambodian, Chinese, Filipino, Guamanian, Hawaiian native, Japanese, Korean, Laotion, Samoan, and Vietnamese. The Medi-Cal program covers people who are disadvantaged either physically or financially. Some examples of Medi-Cal eligibles are people age 65 or older, those who are blind or disabled, those who receive a check through the Supplemental Security Income/State Supplemental Payments program, children and parents who receive financial assistance through the CalWORKs program, and women who are pregnant or diagnosed with cervical or breast cancer. Medi-Cal Eligibles, Users Eligibles Percent of county pop. Users Percent of county pop. Percent of eligibles , % 21, % 49.7% , % 22, % 53.8% , % 22, % 55.6% , % 20, % 55.5% , % 18, % 53.8% , % 18, % 57.2% , % 19, % 56.6% , % 21, % 55.6% Source: California Department of Health Services Medi-Cal Expenditures Total expenditures Average cost per unit/per day Cost per user Cost per eligible 1995 $ 147,187,254 $ 43 $ 576 $ $ 193,389,998 $ 44 $ 722 $ $ 194,888,132 $ 42 $ 736 $ $ 205,736,277 $ 48 $ 856 $ $ 221,512,266 $ 52 $ 977 $ $ 215,962,359 $ 49 $ 972 $ $ 243,183,924 $ 58 $ 1,066 $ $ 297,381,070 $ 72 $ 1,169 $ 650 Source: California Department of Health Services 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Medi-Cal Eligibles, Users Eligibles Users Medi-Cal Expenditures $350,000,000 $300,000,000 $250,000,000 $200,000,000 $150,000,000 $100,000,000 $50,000,000 $

128 Welfare In, 38,153 people were eligible for Medi-Cal in 2002, making up 8.1 percent of the total county population. However, only 21,207 people, 4.5 percent of the county population, actually received Medi-Cal assistance. This means that only 55.6 percent of the people eligible for Medi-Cal in made use of the program. Total expenditures in 2002 were $297,381,070. This translates to a yearly cost of $1,169 per Medi-Cal user, and a cost of $650 per eligible. Medi-Cal expenditures increased by nearly $50 million from 2001 to 2002, though the total number of people using Medi-Cal only increased by approximately 2,000. Medi-Cal Eligibles by Race/Ethnicity Race/Ethnicity White 23,946 22,063 21,167 18,768 19,072 20,070 Black 1,810 1,652 1,556 1,306 1,229 1,295 Hispanic 7,978 7,413 7,516 7,908 10,101 12,988 American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander 1,540 1,409 1,289 1,081 2,022 2,538 Unknown 3,297 3,266 3,232 3,283 2,325 2,001 Source: California Department of Health Services Percent of Total Medi-Cal Eligibles by Race/Ethnicity, % 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% White Black Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander 119

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130 Education 11. Education The quality of an area's educational institutions is often a critical factor contributing to a person's decision as to where to live and raise a family. Education is considered one of the most fundamental socio-economic indicators of a successful life, and a county with substantial, well-run schools is very attractive to parents. School enrollment for residents has increased by an average rate of 1.6 percent since 1990, although there was a 1 percent decrease in enrollment in the school year. Dropout rates in Sonoma County and across California are at their lowest in ten years, down to 1.2 percent and 2.7 percent respectively. SAT scores have remained relatively constant, with an increase of twenty points since Language and Immigration Trends California has always been a desired destination for many immigrants. The trends that have become apparent in immigration correspond with the trends seen in the California school systems. These trends also reflect the level of English proficiency immigrant children are exhibiting. Currently, the number of students enrolled in grades K-12 who are not proficient in the English language are nearing 25 percent. The growth rate of these students with limited English skills far exceed the increase in enrollment, and the amount of these students that never become proficient in English by the end of high school is alarmingly high. The majority of the students that enter the school system with limited English proficiency skills are learning English as their second language (ESL). They are not immigrants themselves, but their parents are immigrants, who often are also lacking strong, if any English skills. The most impacted areas are the high-density areas, such as Los Angeles and Sacramento, although all of California is experiencing this phenomenon. The primary language for over 75 percent of the ESL students is Spanish, followed by various Asian languages. In this section: School Enrollment High School Dropout Rate Average Scholasic Aptitute Test Scores Academic Performance Index (API) Statewide Similar Schools Rank

131 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile The lack of English proficiency in the United States contributes to many factors that affect these students later in life, such as earning lower incomes, having fewer options for occupations, and creating a depressed labor market. The future of these children depends greatly on the instruction they receive in school. Rather than treating this as a problem, California schools are using the situation to find challenging alternatives to the current methods. At this time, ESL students are so severely lacking English proficiency sills that it is difficult for them to succeed in regular school instructional programs. This is largely due to the lack of credentialed teachers working with them, a specialized curriculum used to provide instruction to them, the poverty levels of ESL families, and the social pressures that these students feel. The goal is to push California schools to raise standards and be accountable for teaching these students - preventing them from exiting the school system without basic mastery of the English language. With the right programs and opportunities, the students would have an exceptional increase of success in their future. possess and the income level of the family. More educated parents, especially mothers raising children at home, usually produce children who are more educated. If the parents have a strong educational background, they are more likely to take an active role in encouraging learning. The income level can be used to examine the resources available to the child, such as availability of computers as well as parental interaction. Other factors that may determine the success of early childhood development are preschool attendance and English proficiency skills of both the parents and children. Education is considered one of the most fundamental socioeconomic indicators of a successful life. Often, the amount of education a person achieves has a strong influence on occupations, earnings, poverty, and health care. Education Starts at Home While the state and county educational systems are primarily responsible for the education students receive, educational resources provided at home by the parents are also important. Conditions in the home impact children beginning at an early age, and continue throughout their lives. By examining the educational opportunities at home, it becomes clear what resources may be lacking during the development stages of a child's educational skills. The two major factors that can determine the success of early child hood education are the amount of education the parents 122

132 Education School Enrollment Overview School enrollment data is important because it provides a gauge of the amount of government funding schools receive. Funding is based primarily on enrollment and average daily attendance. Enrollment trends over a historical period of time provide insight into a school's financial stability. Total enrollment as reported by the California Department of Education is shown for the 90/91 school year through the 01/02 school year. The data was compiled from the California Basic Education Data System (CBEDS). On October 4 of each year, CBEDS records the number of students enrolled in classes at public schools that day. Beginning in 1998, California Youth Authority Schools, (CYA), were also included in enrollment figures. CYA schools provide institutional training and parole supervision for juvenile and young adult offenders who attend due to juvenile and criminal court commitments. In the school year, 72,964 students were enrolled in schools. Although this number represents a 1 percent decrease from the year, enrollment is expected to increase to 74,943 by 2005 and remain constant through the school year. Total enrollment in has increased by more than 10,000 students since the school year, which is indicative of both a population increase and continued improvement throughout the county's educational system. 80,000 Total Enrollment 60,000 Total School Enrollment School year Total enrollment Annual percent change ,499 n/a , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % , % (p) 74, % (p) 74, % Source: California Department of Education Projection: California Department of Finance 40,000 20,000 3% 2% 1% 0% -1% Total Enrollment Annual Percent Change (Three- Moving Average) California

133 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile High School Dropout Rate Overview High school dropout rates measure how many students complete the state-mandated curriculum requirements. In order for a student to be officially designated as a dropout, he/she must have been previously enrolled in one of the grades 7-12, and left school without re-enrolling in another public or private educational institution or school program for 45 consecutive days. Once a person reaches the age of 21 and has not received a high school diploma or its equivalent, they are no longer included in the data collection. The calculations also include students who have moved out of the district, state, or country and are not known to be enrolled in an educational program in their new place of residence leading to a high school diploma or its equivalent. The annual dropout rate is calculated using dropout and enrollment counts from the same year. The number of dropouts in grades 9-12 is divided by the total enrollment in those grades. There were 271 students designated as high school dropouts in in 2002, which is 1.2 percent of the total student enrollment for that year. This number is lower than the California average one-year dropout rate of 2.7 percent. In fact, dropout rates in in 2002 were at their lowest in the last ten years, and this trend is expected to continue. High School Dropouts School year Number of dropouts One yr. dropout rate California One yr. dropout rate Source: California Department of Education 1, High School Dropouts One- Dropout Rate California

134 Education Average Scholastic Aptitude Test Scores Overview As a measure of verbal and mathematical abilities, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) scores provide important information about how well students in the county are being prepared for college. These scores should not be used as a single form of measure to evaluate or rate educators, schools, or districts. However, they provide insight into what direction education is headed in the county and the impact that the educational system has on students. The SAT is designed to measure verbal and mathematical reasoning abilities that are related to successful performance in college, according to the California Department of Education. When analyzing average SAT scores, there must be an understanding of the context in which the test scores were earned. Many factors affect the results of the test scores including academic, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. The largest factor affecting average SAT scores is the number of students taking the test; as the number of test takers increase, scores tend to fall. Students are not required to take the test unless they plan on attending a college that requires it for admission. This is the primary reason the SAT is not an accurate direct measure of the effectiveness of school curriculum or teaching. If a small percentage of students from a school take the test, then the average score could reflect selective testing; a school may encourage only those students who are identified as "high achieving" to participate. For this reason, the percentage of students who took the exam is provided. There is a maximum score of 800 on the verbal as well as the mathematical sections of the SAT. The verbal and mathematical sections are scored and reported separately. The total SAT score is the verbal combined with mathematical section score. The highest possible score a student can receive is NOTE: Average SAT scores provide data only for graduating seniors. The scores from student who take the SAT as juniors are included with their graduating class. Average SAT Scores Percent of students who took the SAT Avg. SAT score % % % % % % % % % % % % % 1072 Source: California Department of Education Average SAT Score California % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Percentage of Participants California

135 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Academic Performance Index (API) Overview The purpose of the Academic Performance Index is to measure the academic performance and progress of schools. It is a reliable measure of academic performance and progress because it uses a test that every student is required to take every year beginning in second grade and continuing through eleventh grade. The base year for a school's API result is These results will be used to monitor academic growth. The API's main purposes are to rank academic performance, establish growth targets, and monitor progress toward meeting the established goals. The API was established by the Public Schools Accountability Act (PSAA) and signed into law in April Its aim is to help schools improve the academic achievement of all students. In 2003, the API was recognized as a measure of Adequate ly Progress under the No Child Left Behind Act of Through this act, school districs, as well as county boards of education, will receive API reports as well as the state. schools that is 5 percent of the distance between a school's API and the interim state performance target of 800. Schools that receive an API less than 800 have a minimum target of a one point increase. Schools that meet or exceed the interim target must maintain an API of 800. NOTE: The California Department of Education did not calculate API scores for schools with fewer than 100 students with valid Stanford 9 test scores, or county administered community day, alternative, continuation, or independent schools. "A" means the school scored at or above the interim Statewide Performance Target of 800 in In the list below, every elementary and secondary school in is listed alphabetically, with each school's API scores from 1999 to Also included is each school's 2004 API goal. The 2003 base API incorporates the results of school performance in California's Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) program, the California High School Exit Examination (CAHSEE), and the California Alternate Performance Assessment (CAPA). The API is calculated on a scall from using student performance on: 1) The CAT-6 Survey, 2) the California Standards Test (CSTs) as measured English-language Arts (ELA), mathematics, history/social science, and science, 3) the CAPA, measuring ELA and mathematics, and 4) the CAHSEE, based on a pass/no pass basis. The State Board of Education adopted a performance target of 800 for the 1999 API. This target will serve as an interim statewide target until state performance standards are adopted. There is an annual growth rate target for 126

136 Education Academic Performance Index (API) School API 1999 API 2000 API 2001 API 2002 API 2003 API 2004 target Alexander Valley Elementary n/a n/a Allen (Elsie) High n/a Altimira Middle Analy High n/a 720 Apple Blossom (Elem) A Apple Blossom (Elem) n/a n/a 886 n/a n/a n/a Bellevue Elementary Biella (Albert F.) Elementary Binkley Elementary A A Brook Haven Elementary Brook Hill Elementary Brooks Elementary Burbank (Luther) Elementary Cali Calmecac (Charter #162) Carrillo (Maria) High n/a Casa Grande High Cinnabar Elementary Cloverdale High Cook (Lawrence) Middle Corona Creek Elementary A A Creekside Middle Doyle Park Elementary Dunbar Elementary Dunham Elementary n/a A El Molino High El Verano Elementary Eldredge (Bernard) Elementary Evergreen Elementary Fitch Mountain Elementary Flowery Elementary Forestville Elementary Fort Ross Elementary n/a A 800 Foss Creek Elementary Fremont (John) Elementary Geyserville Educational Park High n/a n/a Geyserville Elementary Geyserville Middle Gold Ridge Elementary Grant Elementary A A Gravenstein Elementary A Guerneville Elementary n/a 755 Hahn (Marguerite) Elementary A A Harmony Elementary n/a A Healdsburg Elementary Healdsburg High n/a Source: California Department of Education 127

137 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Academic Performance Index (API), cont'd School API 1999 API 2000 API 2001 API 2002 API 2003 API 2004 target Healdsburg Junior High n/a Hidden Valley Elementary A n/a Hillcrest Elementary 788 n/a n/a n/a 768 n/a Hillcrest Middle n/a n/a 778 Hilliard Comstock Middle Horicon Elementary n/a * Jefferson Elementary Kawana Elementary Kenilworth Junior High Kenwood Elementary A A La Fiesta Elementary La Tercera Elementary Lehman (Helen M.) Elementary Liberty Elementary A A Lincoln (Abraham) Elementary Madrone Elementary A A Mark West Elementary A Mary Collins/Cherry Valley n/a Matanzas Elementary A A McDowell Elementary McKinley Elementary McNear Elementary A A Meadow Elementary A A Meadow View Elementary Miwok Valley Elementary Monroe (James) Elementary Monte Rio Elementary n/a Monte Vista Elementary Montgomery Elementary n/a Montgomery High n/a n/a Mountain Shadows Middle Oak Grove Elementary A Old Adobe Elementary Olivet Elementary Page (Thomas) Elementary Park Side Elementary A Penngrove Elementary Petaluma High Petaluma Junior High Pine Crest Elementary Piner Elementary A Piner High Piner Olivet Charter n/a A A Prestwood Elementary Proctor Terrace Elementary A A Source: California Department of Education 128

138 Education Academic Performance Index (API), cont'd School API 1999 API 2000 API 2001 API 2002 API 2003 API 2004 target Rancho Cotate High Reed (John) Elementary Richard Crane Elementary n/a Riebli (John B.) Elementary A A Rincon Valley Middle A A Rohnert (Waldo) Elementary Roseland Elementary Salmon Creek Middle A 789 San Miguel Elementary A A Santa Rosa Education Cooperative (Char) n/a n/a n/a n/a Santa Rosa High n/a Santa Rosa Middle Sassarini Elementary Schaefer Elementary Sequoia Elementary A A Sheppard Elementary Slater (Herbert) Middle Sonoma Charter (Elem) Sonoma Mountain Elementary A A Sonoma Mountain Elementary n/a n/a 839 n/a n/a n/a Sonoma Valley High Spring Creek Elementary A A Steele Lane Elementary Stevens (Robert L.) Elementary Strawberry Elementary A A Twin Hills Middle A 795 Two Rock Elementary n/a A Valley Vista Elementary Village Elementary A A Washington Elementary West Side Elementary West Sonoma Charter n/a n/a 644 n/a n/a n/a Whited (Douglas) Elementary A A Willowside Elementary n/a n/a Wilson (J. X.) Elementary A Wilson Elementary A Windsor Creek Elementary n/a n/a Windsor High n/a Windsor Middle Windsor Oaks Academy n/a n/a 432 n/a n/a 424 Wright Elementary Yulupa Elementary A A Source: California Department of Education 129

139 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Statewide Rank Overview The statewide rank is used to demonstrate where each school stands compared to schools throughout the state. The statewide rank compares all schools in the state to each other and then ranks them according to their API scores. When calculating the statewide rank, schools are ranked separately within each school type: elementary, middle, and high schools. In each of the three categories, schools' API scores are first sorted from lowest to highest then divided into ten equal groups ranked from lowest to highest. The scale for rankings is 1 through 10, with 1 being the lowest. Schools receiving a rank of 1 are in the bottom 10 percent of the state and the schools receiving a score of 10 are in the top 10 percent of the state. Similar Schools Rank The purpose of the similar schools rank is to provide schools with information that will give them a reference point for judging their academic achievement against other schools facing similar challenges. Ranking also tends to improve performance by studying the strategies that similar schools with higher rankings are implementing. Several school demographic characteristics form the basis for determining the similar schools comparisons. They include student mobility, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, the percentage of teachers who are fully credentialed, the percentage of teachers who hold emergency credentials, the percentage of students who are learning English as their second language, average class size per grade level, and schools that operate on multi-track, year round educational programs. Many steps are used in calculating the similar schools rank. Schools were divided into grade level categories (the same group as the statewide rankings), assigned a School Characteristic Index, and divided into groups of 100 with similar indexes. Using a scale of 1 to 10, individual school's ranks were determined by comparing their API score to the API's of other similar schools in their comparison group. The following is a list that describes each rank: 9 or 10 Well above average for elementary, middle, or high schools with similar characteristics 7 or 8 Above average for elementary, middle, or high schools with similar characteristics 5 or 6 About average for elementary, middle, or high schools with similar characteristics 3 or 4 Below average for elementary, middle, or high schools with similar characteristics 1 or 2 Well below average for elementary, middle, or high schools with similar characteristics The 2001 scores include two similar school comparisons. Each school was compared with its original similar schools group, assigned a new group (based on its School Characteristic Index) and similar schools rank. A new School Characteristic Index must be assigned because of the constant change schools experience in their student body. This will provide for a more accurate ranking. In the following figures, data is represented for the years 1999 through

140 Education Statewide and Similar Schools Rank School 2002 statewide rank 2002 similar schools rank Alexander Valley Elementary 7 n/a Allen (Elsie) High 4 5 Altimira Middle 6 5 Analy High 9 5 Apple Blossom (Elem) 8 3 Apple Blossom (Elem) n/a n/a Bellevue Elementary 4 9 Biella (Albert F.) Elementary 7 1 Binkley Elementary 9 6 Brook Haven Elementary 8 4 Brook Hill Elementary 2 4 Brooks Elementary 6 1 Burbank (Luther) Elementary 2 4 Cali Calmecac (Charter #162) 3 4 Carrillo (Maria) High 9 3 Casa Grande High 6 1 Cinnabar Elementary 7 5 Cloverdale High 5 6 Cook (Lawrence) Middle 3 1 Corona Creek Elementary 9 9 Creekside Middle 8 1 Doyle Park Elementary 6 5 Dunbar Elementary 7 5 Dunham Elementary 8 3 El Molino High 8 6 El Verano Elementary 3 2 Eldredge (Bernard) Elementary 7 3 Evergreen Elementary 7 3 Fitch Mountain Elementary 3 1 Flowery Elementary 2 5 Forestville Elementary 8 4 Fort Ross Elementary 9 n/a Foss Creek Elementary 6 8 Fremont (John) Elementary 4 6 Geyserville Educational Park High 5 n/a Geyserville Elementary 6 n/a Geyserville Middle 6 n/a Gold Ridge Elementary 8 2 Grant Elementary 10 6 Gravenstein Elementary 8 9 Guerneville Elementary 6 6 Hahn (Marguerite) Elementary 9 3 Harmony Elementary 8 2 Healdsburg Elementary 6 2 Healdsburg High 7 7 Source: California Department of Education Statewide and Similar Schools Rank, cont'd School 2002 statewide rank 2002 similar schools rank Healdsburg Junior High n/a n/a Hidden Valley Elementary 9 4 Hillcrest Elementary n/a n/a Hillcrest Middle 9 10 Hilliard Comstock Middle 5 1 Horicon Elementary 6 n/a Jefferson Elementary 5 5 Kawana Elementary 2 5 Kenilworth Junior High 8 3 Kenwood Elementary 9 n/a La Fiesta Elementary 5 1 La Tercera Elementary 7 2 Lehman (Helen M.) Elementary 3 3 Liberty Elementary 9 9 Lincoln (Abraham) Elementary 2 7 Madrone Elementary 10 9 Mark West Elementary 8 4 Mary Collins Elementary At Cherry Valley n/a n/a Matanzas Elementary 9 7 McDowell Elementary 4 2 McKinley Elementary 4 4 McNear Elementary 9 5 Meadow Elementary 9 9 Meadow View Elementary 2 2 Miwok Valley Elementary 8 8 Monroe (James) Elementary 2 5 Monte Rio Elementary 6 7 Monte Vista Elementary 7 2 Montgomery Elementary 6 n/a Montgomery High 8 5 Mountain Shadows Middle 6 1 Oak Grove Elementary 8 9 Old Adobe Elementary 8 1 Olivet Elementary 8 7 Page (Thomas) Elementary 6 1 Park Side Elementary 8 8 Penngrove Elementary 7 1 Petaluma High 8 3 Petaluma Junior High 9 5 Pine Crest Elementary 8 8 Piner Elementary 7 6 Piner High 5 1 Piner Olivet Charter Prestwood Elementary 8 6 Proctor Terrace Elementary 9 5 Source: California Department of Education 131

141 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Statewide and Similar Schools Rank, cont'd School 2002 statewide rank 2002 similar schools rank Rancho Cotate High 6 2 Reed (John) Elementary 3 1 Richard Crane Elementary 6 6 Riebli (John B.) Elementary 9 8 Rincon Valley Middle 9 5 Rohnert (Waldo) Elementary 7 3 Roseland Elementary 3 8 Salmon Creek Middle 9 7 San Miguel Elementary 9 3 Santa Rosa Education Cooperative (Char) 8 n/a Santa Rosa High 8 6 Santa Rosa Middle 8 6 Sassarini Elementary 6 4 Schaefer Elementary 8 5 Sequoia Elementary 10 9 Sheppard Elementary 2 4 Slater (Herbert) Middle 7 2 Sonoma Charter (Elem) 7 1 Sonoma Mountain Elementary n/a n/a Sonoma Mountain Elementary 9 2 Sonoma Valley High 6 5 Spring Creek Elementary 9 5 Steele Lane Elementary 4 7 Stevens (Robert L.) Elementary 7 10 Strawberry Elementary 10 8 Twin Hills Middle n/a n/a Two Rock Elementary 8 9 Valley Vista Elementary 8 2 Village Elementary 9 10 Washington (Mattie) Elementary 6 4 West Side Elementary 7 n/a West Sonoma Charter n/a n/a Whited (Douglas) Elementary 9 8 Willowside Elementary n/a n/a Wilson (J. X.) Elementary 8 10 Wilson Elementary 8 5 Windsor Creek Elementary 7 2 Windsor High 6 5 Windsor Middle 7 5 Windsor Oaks Academy n/a n/a Wright Elementary 6 9 Yulupa Elementary 9 3 Source: California Department of Education 132

142 Crime 12. Crime Crime statistics can be a direct reflection of the overall stability of a community. The number of crimes committed in an area can suggest what resources may be lacking in a particular county. For example, crimes are thought to occur more frequently among less educated communities, or in areas where the economy is repressed or law enforcement is scarce. Crime rates in have always been below California averages, and despite a slight increase in crime rates from 2001 to 2002, crime rates have for the most part decreased steadily since In this section: Reported Crime and Crime Rates Criminal Justice Personnel Crime Expenditures Probation Caseload Incarcerated Population

143 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Reported Crime and Crime Rates Overview Crime rate data can be used to determine whether the amount of crime in a given area is increasing or decreasing and how crime rates from various areas compare to each other. Safety is an important factor to people deciding where to move; an area with a high crime rate is often a much less attractive place to live than one with a low crime rate. Crime is a safety concern, and therefore is a factor in determining the quality of life. The crime rate in Northern California is typically lower than in Southern California, due in part to the lower population density in the northern counties. There were 4,595 property crimes and 1,468 violent crimes in in The crime rate in the county in 2002 was 1,289.5, which reflects an increase of crimes per 100,000 people. Despite this increase however, there has been a declining trend in Sonoma County's crime rate over the last ten years. Also, the county's crime rate has remained significantly lower than the California statewide crime rate, which in 2002 reached nearly 2,000 crimes per 100,000 people. NOTE: The crime rate is the number of crimes committed per 100,000 people. Reported Crimes Property Crimes Burglary Motorvehicle theft Total Homicide Forcible rape Robbery Aggravated assault Total ,792 1,326 6, ,542 2, ,919 1,506 6, ,547 2, ,183 1,203 5, ,449 1, , , ,346 1, ,984 1,059 5, ,235 1, ,394 1,095 4, ,019 1, , , , , , , ,875 1,064 3, , ,101 1,494 4, ,468 Source: California Department of Justice Violent Crimes Crime Rates Violent crime rate Property crime rate Total CCI , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,289.5 Source: California Department of Justice Crime Rates by Type of Crime Property crime rate Violent crime rate 1, , , , Crime Rates per 100,000 People California 4, , , , , , ,

144 Crime Criminal Justice Personnel Overview Criminal justice personnel information is helpful in identifying the types of criminal justice employment within a county. It is important to know which types of law enforcement exist in a given area and their extent. This can account for how safe an area may be or how active the court system is. This information can also be useful to those seeking criminal justice employment positions. The total number of criminal justice personnel in decreased 6 percent between FY 1999 and This was largely due to a 54 percent decrease in prosecution personnel particularly between FY 2001 and In the state of California, the total number of personnel increased 5.2 percent, yet also had a decrease in prosecution personnel, at percent, according the California Office of the Attorney General, Criminal Justice Statistics Center. Criminal Justice Personnel 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 Law Enforcement 1,176 1,192 1,234 1,205 Police dept Sheriff's dept Prosecution Attorneys Investigators Clerical Other Public Defense Attorneys Trial Courts Judges Auxiliary Source: Office of the Attorney General, California Department of Justice. Sheriff's department data from Final Budget Documents, FY 99/00-02/03 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Criminal Justice Personnel 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 135

145 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Crime Expenditures Overview The amount of expenditures used toward criminal justice in a county indicates the amount of taxpayer money allocated to crime each year. Criminal justice expenditures include the amount of money spent by a county in a fiscal year. These expenses include employee salaries and benefits, as well as services and supplies. Capital expenditures and construction and maintenance of structures are not included in the data. In 2000, $185,026 was spent in criminal justice expenditures in, and crime expenditures have increased steadily since This increase in spending may be paying off however, as the crime rate since 1992 has steadily decreased. Criminal Justice Expenditures (Thousands) $200,000 $150,000 $100,000 $50,000 $0 92/93 93/94 94/95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 Criminal Justice Expenditures (Thousands) Law Enforcement Expenditures Judicial Expenditures Custody/ Supervision Expenditures Prosecution Public defense Grand total 92/93 $ 53,779 $ 14,875 $ 34,914 $ 9,807 $ 2,502 $ 115,877 93/94 $ 58,909 $ 13,922 $ 35,831 $ 10,632 $ 2,626 $ 121,920 94/95 $ 63,424 $ 15,120 $ 40,492 $ 12,010 $ 2,887 $ 133,933 95/96 $ 65,560 $ 17,126 $ 41,917 $ 13,842 $ 3,187 $ 141,632 96/97 $ 71,835 $ 17,820 $ 43,895 $ 15,639 $ 3,619 $ 152,808 97/98 $ 75,267 $ 21,473 $ 45,993 $ 16,779 $ 3,834 $ 163,346 98/99 $ 82,861 $ 16,013 $ 50,305 $ 20,050 $ 4,018 $ 173,247 99/00 $ 89,260 $ 15,466 $ 54,330 $ 21,732 $ 4,238 $ 185,026 Source: California Department of Justice 136

146 Crime Probation Caseload Overview Information on probation caseloads in a county can indicate activity within the criminal justice system and a community. Individuals on felony probation may be exempt from certain jobs and others may contribute to areas including community service and rehabilitation programs. Probation allows people who have been convicted of a minor crime to serve time outside criminal justice facilities, performing various duties such as trash collection, park cleanup, and landscape maintenance of the surrounding community. Probation Caseload Felony Offense Misdemeanor Offense Total , , ,059 1,188 2, ,096 1,481 2, ,276 1,791 3, ,270 1,972 3, ,319 2,049 3, ,075 1,302 3, ,011 1,136 3, ,953 1,072 3, ,913 1,271 3,184 Source: California Department of Justice The data here includes adults on active probation as of December 31 of each year. As of 1998, caseload labels were changed from Superior Courts and Lower Courts to felony offense and misdemeanor offense due to court consolidations. Those counties that have consolidated their courts report only felony offenses. 2,500 2,000 Probation Caseload Felony Offense Misdemeanor Offense There were a total of 3,184 probation cases in in 2002, with 1,913 cases being related to felony offenses and 1,271 being related to misdemeanors. Since 1999, the number of probation cases for felony offenses has been higher than the number of misdemeanor cases. Before 1999, felony cases had not outnumbered misdemeanor cases since This influx of probationary felons has resulted in an increase of community service programs and various rehabilitation systems throughout. 1,500 1,

147 2004 Economic and Demographic Profile Incarcerated Population Overview Data on the average number of adults populating local jails provides another way of determining the amount of crime in an area and how much of the area's resources are used to provide for detainment. The amount of persons detained at a given time may indicate community service duties or court time allocated. Types of local detention facilities included in the data are Types II through IV. Type I data was not included in the figures, as few of these facilities exist in Northern California. However, a definition of a Type I facility is included below for your information. Type I Facility is a local detention facility used for the detention of persons for not more than 96 hours, excluding holidays, after booking. Such a facility may also detain persons on court order either for their own safekeeping or sentenced to a city jail as an inmate worker, and may house inmate workers sentenced to the county jail provided such placement in the facility is made on a voluntary basis on the part of the inmate. Type II Facility is a local detention facility used for the detention of persons pending arraignment, after arraignment, during trial, and upon a sentence of commitment. Type III Facility is a local detention facility used only for the detention of convicted and sentenced persons. Type IV Facility is a local detention facility or portion thereof designated for the housing of inmates eligible, under Penal Code Section 1208, for work/education furlough and/or other programs involving inmate access into the community. NOTE: While this section separates the number of incarcerated people from the total population in Sonoma County, both are combined in Section 1, Total Population. For example, in 2002, the total population in Sonoma County was 468,600, including incarcerated persons. As of 2002, 992 people were incarcerated in Sonoma County. Of these, 371 were sentenced males, 489 were non-sentenced males, 60 were sentenced females, and 72 were non-sentenced females. Collectively, the incarcerated persons in make up 0.21 percent of the county's total population. This percentage has remained consistent in the last decade, never fluctuating by more than 0.02 percent from one year to the next. Average Daily Jail Population (Type II, III & IV Facilities) Male Female Male Female % % % % % , % , % , % , % % Source: California Department of Justice 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% Sentenced Non-Sentenced Percent of Total Population Incarcerated Total incarcerated population Percent of population incarcerated California 0.0%

148 Voter Information 13. Voter Information Voter Registration and Political Party Membership Overview The act of voting, or lack thereof, can directly reflect community involvement in choosing leaders and making choices on issues that arise in the political arena. The amount of participation largely affects local economic status. Party affiliation within the community can also be directly correlated with the political and social actions of the population and economy, and how those affect the community. Voting is the means by which the citizens of the United States affect democracy, an idea central to the beliefs and continued success of the people and the nation as a whole. It is through the power of the vote that the average citizen is able to choose how the country will be run and by whom. Each year a presidential election is to be held, voter turnout is at its highest. Typically, voter turnout in other years is low in comparison to other countries. Not all people who are registered to vote actually participate in voting. As of January 2nd, 2004, 71.4 percent of the 324,953 residents eligible to vote were registered to do so, and 49.4 percent of registered voters in were Democrat, while 28.3 percent were Republican. For a complete listing of registered voters by political affiliation, see the chart below. Voter Registration as of January 2, 2004 Political affiliation Number of people Percent of total eligibles 60.0% Political Party Membership as a Percent of Total Registered Voters, 2002 California Eligible to register 324,953 n/a 50.0% Registered to vote* 232, % Democrat 114, % Republican 65, % 40.0% 30.0% American Independent 4, % 20.0% Green 7, % Libertarian 1, % Natural Law % Reform % Miscellaneous 1, % Decline to affiliate 35, % Source: California Secretary of State, Elections Division 10.0% 0.0% Democrat Republican Other party Decline to affiliate 139

149 A Economic Development Board Research Initiatives Program Acknowledgment and Appreciation to our Underwriters