Risk and Disaster Management Plan Scope and objectives of the study

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1 Risk and Disaster Management Plan India has been traditionally vulnerable to natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides have been a recurrent phenomenon. About 60% of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of various intensities; over 40 million hectares is prone to floods; about 8% of the total area is prone to cyclones and 68% of the area is susceptible to drought. In the decade , an average of about 4344 people lost their lives and about 30 million people were affected by disasters every year. The loss in terms of private, community and public assets has been astronomical. At the global level, there has been considerable concern over natural disasters. Even as substantial scientific and material progress is made, the loss of lives and property due to disasters has not decreased. In fact, the human toll and economic losses have mounted. It was in this background that the United Nations General Assembly, in 1989, declared the decade as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction with the objective to reduce loss of lives and property and restrict socio-economic damage through concerted International action, especially in developing countries. Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or qualitative value of risk related to a concrete situation and a recognized threat (also called hazard). Quantitative risk assessment requires calculations of two components of risk (R):, the magnitude of the potential loss (L), and the probability (p) that the loss will occur. Acceptable risk is a risk that is understood and tolerated usually because the cost or difficulty of implementing an effective countermeasure for the associated vulnerability exceeds the expectation of loss The proposed Channaka-Korata Barrage Irrigation project is also vulnerable to the various risks and the disasters in the project components, canal stretch as well as in the region. A project study has been made and assessed the project specific Risks and Disaster Management Plan in the report. Scope and objectives of the study The report contains the findings of the study to identify risks, identification of most likely risks, health and Environmental hazards/impacts along the Right of Way (RoW) & possible natural and manmade disasters happening in the project area and suggesting suitable remedial measures in all stages of the project i.e. Design phase, Construction phase, and Operation phase and preparation of Disaster Management Plan.

2 The objectives of the study are: Identify the hazards Decide areas of hazards in the project and how it shows impact. Evaluation of risks and decide on precautions Record of findings and its implementation Assessment of hazards likely happening due to result from the proposed project and suggesting suitable mitigation measures. Preparation of Disaster Management Plan in order to support in the event of canal breaches and natural calamities (floods, cyclones, earth quakes etc.). Risk Assessment Risk assessment is a process that seeks to estimate the likelihood of occurrence of adverse effects as a result of poor design & construction, excessive discharges, high embankments, stream crossings, highway crossing, floods, cyclones, earth quakes etc. in the proposed Channaka-Korata Barrage Irrigation project. A comprehensive study has been made in the project stretch to identify, assess & quantify the hazards in the proposed WCS of Kms and suggesting the suitable mitigation measures. During the design stage itself elimination of the risk or hazard (avoidance of accidents) is given prime importance in the design of Channaka-Korata Barrage Project components. The major risk prone areas identified in the project are given below: Barrage and reservoirs Submergence during high floods High Embankments River, Stream and highway crossings. Canal breaches due release of excessive discharges The reach wise details of the same are given in Table From the Table 10.3, it is revealed that the Main Canal, Distributaries, sub distributaries requires 05 stream crossings. 1. Canal channels carrying flows in excess of the transporting capacity within their banks.

3 2. Backing up of water in tributaries at their outfalls into the main river with or without synchronization of peak floods in them. 3. Heavy water rainfall coinciding with river spills over a short period of time. 4. Landslides blocking stream courses and then sudden release of blockage. 5. Heavy local rainfall. 6. Cyclonic Storms. 7. Inadequate waterways at rail and road crossings and encroachments in the flood plains. 8. Steep slopes of the rivers as they enter the plains and absence of easy outfall facilities. 9. Deforestation in the upper catchment areas reducing retaining capacity of water and holding. ii. WCS Crossings: The WCS crossings across rivers, major streams, highways are considered as risk prone areas. There are 05 stream crossings and 24 CT/BT Road crossings in between Chainge Km km to 2.466km identified in the project. iii. Canal breaches due release of excessive discharges: The purpose of the proposed Water Conductor System (WCS) is to transport prearranged quantities of water released at the canal head works located at diversion dam to reservoir and to meet irrigation demands. A lot of care needs to be taken during the design and construction of Water Conductor System (WCS). The details of original design sections of proposed Water Conductor Systems (WCS) are presented in the canal section for each reach is designed as per the procedure given in the relevant BIS code. The demand for water requirement at the canal head is arrived at considering all the requirements for peak irrigation, drinking water, and evaporation and seepage losses. The total length of main canal 3360m is divided into 5 reaches. Discharge Required and Discharge Designed for the Reach-I is cumecs and cumecs respectively. Table 10.1: Distributary & Reach wise Discharge Particulars Reach - I Reach II Reach -III Reach -IV Reach -V Description Units m m m 2850 m 3360 m Reach Ayacut Ac a) Discharge Required Cumecs b) Discharge designed Cumecs Bed width m Full supply depth m

4 Reach - I Reach II Reach -III Reach -IV Reach -V Description Units 1.5 : 1 / 1.5 : 1/2 : 1.5 : 1/2 : 1.5 : 1/2 : : 1/2 : 1 Canal side slopes (in/out) - 2 : in Bed fall in in in in 3000 Value of Rugosity Free board(upto TBL) m Velocity m/s Critical Velocity Ratio m / 2.5 Top width of banks I/NI m m 4 m / 2 m 4 m / 2 m 4 m / 2 m 4 m / 1.5 m Thickness of lining mm Lining Free Board m Canal Bed Level m It is observed that the Reach wise discharges are varying to cumecs. During peak monsoon seasons or high flood timings in the catchment area of the River Penganga, there is every possibility to release high discharges, which may cause breaches or inundation of nearby villages or fields. Proposed Mitigation Measures The magnitude of the floods is assessed in terms of the different types of damage brought out by floods. Some of the flood management programmes both of structural and non-structural types in which people s participation could be extremely useful are as follows: 1. Construction and maintenance of embankments 2. Watershed management 3. Soil conservation and afforestation 4. cu regulations (flood-plain zoning) 5. Flood emergencies 6. Flood proofing 7. Flood forecasting and warning 8. Disaster management and preparedness 9. Cropping strategy 10. Drainage congestion improvement 11. Flood insurance

5 Flood Control measures are incorporated in the design of WCS. The details of Flood Protective Measures are discussed in the following section. Proposed Flood Protective Measures: Several Flood Protective Measures are proposed to nullify or minimize the risk due to Floods. As part of Protective Measures along WCS, Cross regulators are proposed along WCS in between Chainage Km km to 2.466km. Disaster Management Plan Disaster Management Plan (DMP) is prepared on the basis of risk analysis considering worst case disaster scenario with respect to specific cases, canal breaches at high embankments, excessive discharges due to floods, cyclones, earth quakes etc. An emergency response system should be developed in co-operation with local fire, police and Medical service. Frequent exercise should be carried out to test the preparedness of the system by mock drills. The disaster management plan is given in Figure The role and responsibility of the concerned officers are well defined, and the details are as follows. Emergency plan in the event of emergency On receiving the information of emergency due to canal breaches at high embankments, excessive discharges due to floods, SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in coordination with district administration will co-ordinate for rescuing the persons, arrangement of ambulance & first aid, Hospital/Dispensary, information passed on to Police/Fire brigade/security, engagement of Rescue team with equipment (crane, mobile van and other tools). Emergency plan in the event of emergency (major in nature) On receiving the information of emergency (due to major in nature like canal breaches at high embankments, excessive discharges due to floods, etc) SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in co-ordination with district administration will co-ordinate for rescuing the persons, arrangement of ambulance & first aid, Hospital/Dispensary, information passed on to Police/Fire brigade/security, engagement of Rescue team with equipment (crane and other tools). After receiving the intimation from Manager (Technical)/Safety /Traffic wing, Director, Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will form a Committee to deal with the emergency with the following: Medical facilities Set of Control room Preparation of action plan

6 Welfare activities and Repairing and Rehabilitation works. For the said arrangements, CE /SE/EE in co-ordination with project implementing unit will guide and monitor the work in rendering effective services to the affected people with the help of Supervisory Consultant & Contractor. The action taken and final report will be sent to top Management. Emergency plan in the event of road mishaps On receiving the information of emergency due to road mishaps, Manager (Technical), SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in co-ordination with district administration will coordinate for rescuing the persons, arrangement of ambulance & first aid, Hospital/Dispensary, information passed on to Police/Fire brigade/security, engagement of Rescue team with equipment (crane, mobile van and other tools). Emergency plan in the event of emergency (major in nature due to major road accidents, gas tanker explosions etc.) On receiving the information of emergency (due to major in nature like canal breaches at high embankments, excessive discharges due to floods, etc., SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in co-ordination with district administration will co-ordinate for rescuing the persons, arrangement of ambulance & first aid, Hospital/Dispensary, information passed on to Police/Fire brigade/security, engagement of Rescue team with equipment (crane and other tools). After receiving the intimation from SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in coordination with district administration, Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will form a Committee to deal with the emergency with the following: Medical facilities Set of Control room Preparation of action plan Welfare activities and Repairing and Rehabilitation works. For the said arrangements, SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in co-ordination with district administration in co-ordination with project implementing unit will guide and monitor the work in rendering effective services to the affected people with the help of Supervisory Consultant & Contractor. The action taken, and final report will be sent to top Management.

7 Emergency plan in the event of emergency (major in nature due to Natural disasters.) On receiving the information of emergency (major in nature due to natural disasters like earth quakes, floods etc) SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in co-ordination with district administration will co-ordinate the following; for rescuing the persons, arrangement of ambulance & first aid, Hospital/Dispensary, information passed on to Police/Fire brigade/security, Engagement of Rescue team with equipment (crane and other tools) in co-ordination with District administration. DMP team will be formed under District Administration control with the following officials / representatives: 1. District Collector or District Magistrate and or his nominated officer 2. CE /SE/ EE, I&CAD, Government of Telangana 3. Superintendent of Police (S.P) and or his nominee 4. District Medical and Health officer 5. Representative from Fire department 6. Representative from R&B department 7. Divisional Engineer, Electricity department 8. Executive engineer, Public health engineering department 9. Representatives from NGOs etc. Role and Responsibility of Important Agencies District Administration: District administration will take active roll and they will co-ordinate with all the state government agencies for successful implementation of DMP. All the relief operations and rehabilitation will be supervised by them. Fire Services: The Fire services department during disaster has to evacuate the people who are trapped in highway, top on the trees etc. People can be shifted to safer places (rehabilitation centres). In some cases, they also take up supply of drinking water to relief camps. Police Department: The law and order situation of the project site will be maintained by the Police Department and they will also help Fire services whenever required. The monetary relief released for disbursement to the victims will be escorted by them. The communications (VHF sets) will be established by them.

8 Medical & Health department: The medical and health department has to play vital role during the disaster. During emergency, the department shall ensure that all ambulances and other vehicles are available at site along with medical teams. Mobile medical teams shall move to spot to render medical aid to the victims. Preventive measures to be taken against Gastro-enteritis, Diarrhea and fever cases. Medical and health department also distribute the medicines to the victims with proper treatment. Role of Press & Electronic Media: The role of Press & Electronic media is particularly important as it helps to communicate the latest information to the public as they have close accessibility with the administration department. Flash news, news items, headlines etc helps the public to move into safer places. The T.V & newspapers are also educating the people about the possible hazards, steps to mitigate the distress etc. Role of NGOs: NGOs plays a vital role for successful implementation of relief works. Many NGO organizations are also helping to collect the donations and disburse them directly to the victims. Implementation of DMP In the event of disaster, SE / Executive Engineer, I&CAD and Traffic wing in co-ordination with district administration will co-ordinate for rescuing the persons, arrangement of ambulance & first aid, Hospital/Dispensary, information passed on to Police/Fire brigade/security, engagement of Rescue team with equipment (crane and other tools) in co-ordination with District administration. The following rescue operations are to be made on emergency basis: Implementation of DMP in the event of emergency (major in nature like canal breaches at high embankments, excessive discharges due to floods, etc.,) The ambulance, fire tender and hazardous material removal vehicle need to be informed to be ready. Only concerned persons will be present in the affected area and all other personnel and guests need to be moved to the nearest assembly points. Source of leakage to be traced and isolated from all the other areas. Electrical department need to be informed to shut the power supply (in case of fuel or other fire hazard substance leakage). In case of a fire the instructions listed against fire hazards needs to be followed.

9 If the fire is small engage in extinguishing the fire using nearest fire extinguisher. In case of big fire, fire tender shall be mobilized along with quick response team and take all the necessary steps to stop the fire. Emergency plan in the event of emergency (major in nature due to Natural disasters.) 1. Siren blowing & communication arrangements: In case of disaster event, the siren will be blown to alarm the drivers, local people and other persons using the highway. The news about the alarming situation will be telecasted and published in newspaper along with Radio advertisement. (Agencies responsible: I&CAD, Government of Telangana & Electronic Media) 2. Evacuation of victims and food arrangements: The arrangements shall be made to evacuate the victims with the help of Fire brigade and local Police to rehabilitation places. Necessary arrangement shall be made for accommodation and provisions. In case of problem to evacuate through road, Air Lifting shall be done by using helicopters. Air dropping of food packets, medicines and other needful items shall be done in case of nonapproach through roadways. (Agencies responsible: I&CADD, Government of Telangana & Fire brigade, police dept.) 3. Monitoring Relief operations: It was the practice that senior officers from State level were sent by the government to over-see and monitor the arrangements and effective implementation of the relief operations. The necessary staff, services and goods shall be deployed for successful implementation of relief operations. Adequate arrangements are also to be made in advance for supply of drinking water. (Agencies responsible: State Government, District Administration, Municipalities, I&CADD, police dept.) 4. Welfare activities: The Social welfare/ Tribal Welfare Departments have to reserve in advance stocks of essential commodities in their hostels functioning in the vulnerable areas. During the disaster, they are responsible for preparation of food and water packets and to load them in to the Helicopters for air dropping. (Agencies responsible: The Social welfare/ Tribal Welfare Departments, I&CADD, District Administration) 5. Medical and health services: Medical aid to be provided to the victims by the Mobile medical teams immediately. Post disaster relief measures including surveillance of Gastroenteritis, Diarrhoea, Dysentery and other water borne diseases and spraying of disinfectant to prevent epidemics. Proper sanitation arrangement should be provided in the flood areas. (Agencies responsible: DM&HO, District Administration, Municipalities, I&CADD) 6. Post Disaster Management: During post disaster the district administration shall convene a meeting of all NGOs and role of NGO s is quite crucial also in terms of smooth running of relief camps.

10 7. One of the major tasks after disaster will be restoration of normal life and repair of the damaged structures. After governments approval the Restoration and Rehabilitation works will be executed by the concerned departments. The final Disaster Management report will be submitted to the I&CADD Engineer in Chief and State Government. 8. (Agencies responsible: District Administration, I&CADD, NHAI, Roads &Building department, Municipalities).

11 Disaster Events (Floods/Earthquakes/Cyclones/ Barrage failure/, Bund failures/ leakage of Pipe lines/canals, etc.) Engineer-in-charge or any official authorized (Irrigation dept), DM/CWC/Police/Fire/Medical & Health/ Electronic media Formation of Disaster Monitoring Centre/ Cell Emergency siren / Rescue of Persons Arrangement for Medical facilities/ communications District Administration/ Police/ Fire Relief operations Restoration works Monitoring of DM plan in Coordination with District administration Evacuation Medical facilities Welfare activities Flora & Fauna management Repairing & Rehabilitation works Preparation of final reports and submission to Government Figure 10.1: Disaster Management Plan