Water Loss Control in Effective Utility Management

Transcription

1 Water Loss Control in Effective Utility Management M. Steve Cavanaugh, Jr., PE Feb 22, 2017

2 Strategic Planning/Core Values include Relevant Goals and Objectives for NRW Management Be Financially Viable/Fiscally Prudent Optimize Financial Resources for Operational Support of Existing Assets from Source to Tap Provide Quality Service Prioritize Asset Management to Support Effective CIP Report Online, Near Real-Time KPIs via Dashboard to Support Management Decision Making Encourage Team Ownership Source: Arcadis

3 Quiz According to the AWWA M36 Water Audit Method, an acceptable level of Unaccounted For Water is: A. 15% B. 10% C. 5% D. 0%

4 Water Loss Control Drivers

5 Drought is Real January 19, 2016

6 Drought is Real February 16, 2016

7 Drought is Real March 22, 2016

8 Drought is Real April 26, 2016

9 Drought is Real May 24, 2016

10 Drought is Real June 28, 2016

11 Drought is Real July 26, 2016

12 Drought is Real August 23, 2016

13 Drought is Real Sept 27, 2016

14 Drought is Real October 27, 2016

15 Drought is Real Nov 22, 2016

16 Drought is Real Dec 20, 2016

17 Drought is Real Jan 24, 2017

18 Political Driver-Trust

19 Economic Driver

20 Economic Driver

21 Impact on Bond Ratings #48 Enterprise Risk Profile Assessment Factors (Table 10) * final review, expected publication December 2015

22 Regulatory Driver

23 States are moving very quickly

24 A little closer to home

25 33 States are reviewing their Water Loss Control reporting Requirements. Most are reconsidering failed % based performance targets

26 No water loss reporting Rudimentary water loss reporting AWWA M36 terminology & metrics AWWA M36 software AWWA M36 software with validation (Level 1) WA ME OR CA NV ID UT AZ MT WY CO NM ND SD NE KS OK MN WI IA IL MO AR MS IN MI TN KY AL OH GA WV SC VA NC NY NH CT RI PA DRBC NJ MD DE MA AK TX LA FL HI

27 Statewide Water Loss Management Program Model Implementation Phase 1 Establish Annual M36 Water Auditing Phase 2 Phase 3 Achieve Minimum Standard of Audit Reliability Manage Water Loss Performance for Long- Term Reduction Auditing Outreach Training & Tech Asst Establish annual M36 Water Auditing for all utilities Educate Regulatory Community on M36 Method and appropriate use of performance indicators Establish Statewide Water Loss Control Committee Develop State Manual and Training Framework Provide extended, progressive training to utilities (funded) Data Management Validation Certification Develop and implement data management system Establish posting system and communication protocols Establish minimum standards of validation for quality assurance Determine by Agency or 3 rd Party Establish validation program until certification program is in place Design and implement a Certified Water Audit program for sustained quality control Statewide Water Loss Control Committee provides support Benchmarking Improvement Suite of Performance and Process Measures System specific improvement over time in a cost-effective manner No universal targets Excessive thresholds established Annual audit submission threshold exceedances System specific progress review at designated regulatory touchpoints Statewide Water Loss Statewide Data Validity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Resource Management Grade C Resource Management Grade B Resource Management Grade A 27

28 Statewide Water Loss Management Program Model Implementation Phase 1 Establish Annual M36 Water Auditing Phase 2 Phase 3 Achieve Minimum Standard of Audit Reliability Manage Water Loss Performance for Long- Term Reduction Auditing Outreach Training & Tech Asst Establish annual M36 Water Auditing for all utilities Educate Regulatory Community on M36 Method and appropriate use of performance indicators Establish Statewide Water Loss Control Committee Develop State Manual and Training Framework Provide extended, progressive training to utilities (funded) Data Management Validation Certification Develop and implement data management system Establish posting system and communication protocols Establish minimum standards of validation for quality assurance Determine by Agency or 3 rd Party Establish validation program until certification program is in place Design and implement a Certified Water Audit program for sustained quality control Statewide Water Loss Control Committee provides support Benchmarking Improvement Suite of Performance and Process Measures System specific improvement over time in a cost-effective manner No universal targets Excessive thresholds established Annual audit submission threshold exceedances System specific progress review at designated regulatory touchpoints Statewide Water Loss Statewide Data Validity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Resource Management Grade C Resource Management Grade B Resource Management Grade A 28

29 Research Team:

30 VALIDATION LEVEL self-reported DEFINITION Water audits have not been validated Water audit accuracy/reliability is not well understood Validated water audits have been examined for errors evident in summary data and application of methodology The data validity grades assigned to inputs accurately reflect utility practices Validated water audits have been corroborated with investigations of raw data and archived reports of instrument accuracy The best sources of data to inform the water audit have been identified Validated water audits have been bolstered by field tests of instrument accuracy Minimum night flow analysis and/or pilot leak detection supplement the water audit

31 focus: GOALS: OUTCOMES: accurate assignment of data validity grades correct application of audit methodology confirm interpretation of methodology identify evident errors assign correct data validity grades correct data validity grades recommendations for higher-level validation activity LIMITATIONS: does not correct errors in raw data does not study instrument performance

32 Statewide Water Loss Management Program Model Implementation Phase 1 Establish Annual M36 Water Auditing Phase 2 Phase 3 Achieve Minimum Standard of Audit Reliability Manage Water Loss Performance for Long- Term Reduction Auditing Outreach Training & Tech Asst Establish annual M36 Water Auditing for all utilities Educate Regulatory Community on M36 Method and appropriate use of performance indicators Establish Statewide Water Loss Control Committee Develop State Manual and Training Framework Provide extended, progressive training to utilities (funded) Data Management Validation Certification Develop and implement data management system Establish posting system and communication protocols Establish minimum standards of validation for quality assurance Determine by Agency or 3 rd Party Establish validation program until certification program is in place Design and implement a Certified Water Audit program for sustained quality control Statewide Water Loss Control Committee provides support Benchmarking Improvement Suite of Performance and Process Measures System specific improvement over time in a cost-effective manner No universal targets Excessive thresholds established Annual audit submission threshold exceedances System specific progress review at designated regulatory touchpoints Statewide Water Loss Statewide Data Validity Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Resource Management Grade C Resource Management Grade B Resource Management Grade A 32

33 Are We Healthy

34 Utah Pilot 20 systems, 6 months Colorado Pilot 50 systems, 3 months Wisconsin Pilot 6 systems, 6 months North & South Carolina Pilot 18 systems, 12 months California Full Scale 460 systems, 2 years New Mexico Full Scale 134 systems, 11 months Georgia Full Scale 230 systems, 5 years (and counting)

35 Part 2 Digging in Water Loss Control Industry Best Practices And Available Tools

36 AWWA M36 Methodology State of the Art Water Auditing & Loss Control AWWA WLCC Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet Copyright 2006, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.? Click to access definition WATER SUPPLIED Water Audit Report for: Philadelphia Water Department Reporting Year: 2004 ALL VOLUMES TO BE ENTERED AS ANNUAL QUANTITIES Volume from own sources:? M 95,526.0 million gallons (US) per year Master meter error adjustment:? M under-registered million gallons (US) per year Water Imported:? M 0.0 million gallons (US) per year Water Exported:? M 7,210.2 million gallons (US) per year. WATER SUPPLIED: 89,011.2 million gallons (US) per year. AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION. Billed metered:? M 57,535.2 million gallons (US) per year Billed unmetered:? M 0.0 million gallons (US) per year Unbilled metered:? M million gallons (US) per year Unbilled unmetered:? E million gallons (US) per year. AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:. 58,408.1 million gallons (US) per year WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption). 30,603.1 million gallons (US) per year. Apparent Losses. Unauthorized consumption:? E 1,145.2 million gallons (US) per year Customer metering inaccuracies:? E million gallons (US) per year Data handling errors:? E 2,751.2 million gallons (US) per year Apparent Losses:. 4,058.9 million gallons (US) per year Real Losses. Real Losses (Water Losses - Apparent Losses):. 26,544.2 million gallons (US) per year.. WATER LOSSES:. 30,603.1 million gallons (US) per year NON_REVENUE WATER. NON-REVENUE WATER:. 31,476.0 million gallons (US) per year... SYSTEM DATA. Length of mains:? M 3,160.0 miles Number of active AND inactive service connections:? M 548,289 Connection density:. 174 conn./mile main Average length of private pipe:? E 12.0 ft (pipe length between curbstop. and customer meter or property Average operating pressure:? E 55.0 psi COST DATA. Total annual cost of operating water system:? M $167,604,000 $/Year Customer retail unit cost (applied to apparent losses):? M $3.95 $/1000 gallons (US) Variable production cost (applied to real losses):? M $ $/million gallons (US). DATA REVIEW - Please review the following information and make changes above if necessary: - Input values should be indicated as either measured or estimated. You have entered: 12 as measured values 6 as estimated values 0 without specifying measured or estimated - It is important to accurately measure the master meter - you have entered the measurement type as: measured - Cost Data: No problems identified PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Financial Indicators Operational Efficiency Indicators Non-revenue water as percent by volume: 35.4% Non-revenue water as percent by cost: 11.7% Annual cost of Apparent losses: $16,012,518 Annual cost of Real Losses: $3,545,768 Apparent losses per service connection per day: Real losses per service connection per day*: Real losses per length of main per day*: Real losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [Real Losses/UARL]: * only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated N/A gallons/connection/day gallons/connection/day 2.41 gallons/connection/day/psi 5.98 million gallons/day Back to Instructions Please enter data in the white cells below. Where possible, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate this by selecting a choice from the gray box to the left, where M = measured (or accurately known value) and E = estimated.?? Water Audit Report for: Reporting Year: WATER SUPPLIED Volume from own sources: Master meter error adjustment (enter positive value): Water imported: All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR Water exported: << Enter grading in column 'E' Million gallons (US)/yr (MG/Yr) MG/Yr MG/Yr MG/Yr WATER SUPPLIED: MG/Yr. AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Click here: Billed metered:? MG/Yr Billed unmetered:? MG/Yr Unbilled metered:? MG/Yr Pcnt: Value: Unbilled unmetered:? MG/Yr 1.25% Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:? MG/Yr WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) MG/Yr Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value: Unauthorized consumption:? MG/Yr 0.25% Default option selected for unauthorized consumption - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed Customer metering inaccuracies:? MG/Yr Systematic data handling errors:? MG/Yr Apparent Losses:? Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL) Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses:? MG/Yr WATER LOSSES: MG/Yr NON-REVENUE WATER NON-REVENUE WATER:? MG/Yr = Total Water Loss + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered SYSTEM DATA Length of mains: Number of active AND inactive service connections: Connection density: COST DATA AWWA WLCC Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet? Click to access definition Average length of customer service line: Average operating pressure: Total annual cost of operating water system: Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): PERFORMANCE INDICATORS Financial Indicators Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: Annual cost of Apparent Losses: Annual cost of Real Losses: Operational Efficiency Indicators Apparent Losses per service connection per day: Real Losses per service connection per day*: Real Losses per length of main per day*: Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: miles conn./mile main ft psi $/Year $/Million gallons gallons/connection/day gallons/connection/day gallons/mile/day gallons/connection/day/psi? Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): Not Valid *** UARL cannot be calculated as either average pressure, number of connecions or length of mains is too small: SEE UARL DEFINITION *** From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL): 0.00 * only the most applicable of these two indicators will be calculated WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE: PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION: Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components: 1: Billed metered 2: Customer metering inaccuracies 3: Total annual cost of operating water system Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]:????? Back to Instructions Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades? Copyright 2010, American Water Works Association. All Rights Reserved.?????? Use buttons to select percentage of water supplied Enter a percentage less than 10% in the red cell (J42), or select 'Value' option (pipe length between curbstop and customer meter or property boundary) Add a grading value for 9 parameter(s) to enable an audit score to be calculated WAS v4.2 For more information, click here to see the Grading Matrix worksheet? OR value? for help using option buttons below? Click to access definition + Click to add a comment Water Audit Report for: Reporting Year: PLEASE CHOOSE REPORTING UNITS FROM THE INSTRUCTIONS SHEET BEFORE ENTERING DATA Master Meter Error Adjustments WATER SUPPLIED < Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' > Pcnt: Value: Volume from own sources: AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Water imported: Water exported: Enter negative % or value for under-registration WATER SUPPLIED: Enter positive % or value for over-registration Billed metered: Billed unmetered:. Unbilled metered: +? Pcnt: Value: Unbilled unmetered: +? % AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:? WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) BETA TEST v1 Apparent Losses Pcnt: System Value: Attributes and Performance Indicators Unauthorized consumption: % +? Default option selected for unauthorized consumption - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed Water Audit Report for: Customer metering inaccuracies: +? % Reporting Year: Systematic data handling errors: +? % ********** REPORTING UNITS MUST BE SELECTED ON THE INSTRUCTIONS WORKSHEET BEFORE PERFORMANCE INDICATORS CAN BE DISPLAYED ********** Apparent Losses:? System Attributes: Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL) Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: NON-REVENUE WATER = Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered SYSTEM DATA COST DATA BETA TEST v1 WATER LOSSES: NON-REVENUE WATER:? Length of mains: Number of active AND inactive service connections: Service connection density: Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line? Average length of customer service line: Average operating pressure: Select... Apparent Losses per service connection per day: Total annual cost of operating water system: +? $/Year Real Losses per service connection per day: Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): +? Operational Efficiency: Real Losses per length of main per day*: Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): +? $/ Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses Real Losses per service connection per day per meter (head) pressure: WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE: AWWA Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet << Please enter system details and contact information on the Instructions tab >> Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed ??????????? Performance Indicators: Use buttons to select percentage of water supplied (length of service line, beyond the Non-revenue property water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: boundary, Financial: that is the responsibility of the utility) Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost? Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]: PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION: Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components: * This performance indicator applies for systems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline + + +??? Click here: OR? for help using option buttons below WAS v5.0 American Water Works Association. Copyright 2014, All Rights Reserved.? AWWA Free Water Audit Software: Apparent Losses: + Real Losses: = Water Losses: Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): Annual cost of Apparent Losses: Annual cost of Real Losses: From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL): WAS v5.0 American Water Works Association. Copyright 2014, All Rights Reserved. Valued at Variable Production Cost Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumpiton M36 1 st Ed. M36 2 nd Ed. M36 3 rd Ed. M36 4 th Ed AWWA Audit Software v1 AWWA Audit Software v4 AWWA Audit Software v5 ~7,000 downloads to date of AWWA Audit Software v5 AWWA Compiler for large audit sets WRF Real Loss Component Analysis Model

37 AWWA Free Water Audit Software AWWA Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet WAS v5.0 American Water Works Association. Copyright 2014, All Rights Reserved.? Click to access definition + Click to add a comment Water Audit Report for: Northern San Leandro Combined Water Sewer Storm Utility District ( ) Reporting Year: / /2013 Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades All volumes to be entered as: MILLION GALLONS (US) PER YEAR To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below it. Master Meter Error Adjustments WATER SUPPLIED < Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' > Pcnt: Value: Volume from own sources: +? 5 1, MG/Yr +? MG/Yr Water imported: +? MG/Yr +? MG/Yr Water exported: +? MG/Yr +? MG/Yr Enter negative % or value for under-registration WATER SUPPLIED: MG/Yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration. AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Click here:? Billed metered: +? MG/Yr for help using option Billed unmetered: +? MG/Yr buttons below Unbilled metered: +? MG/Yr Pcnt: Value: Unbilled unmetered: +? MG/Yr 1.25% MG/Yr Default option selected for Unbilled unmetered - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:? MG/Yr Use buttons to select percentage of water supplied OR WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption) MG/Yr value Apparent Losses Pcnt: Value: Unauthorized consumption: +? MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr Customer metering inaccuracies: +? MG/Yr 1.00% MG/Yr Systematic data handling errors: +? MG/Yr 0.25% MG/Yr Apparent Losses: Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL) Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses: WATER LOSSES: NON-REVENUE WATER NON-REVENUE WATER: = Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered SYSTEM DATA Unauthorized consumption volume entered is greater than the recommended default value MG/Yr MG/Yr MG/Yr MG/Yr Length of mains: +? miles Number of active AND inactive service connections: +? 6 1,000 Service connection density:? 10 conn./mile main??? Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line? Yes (length of service line, beyond the property Average length of customer service line: +? ft boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility) Average length of customer service line has been set to zero and a data grading score of 10 has been applied Average operating pressure: +? psi Industry Standard (M36) Free Defaults provided ~10 Volume Inputs ~7 System Data Inputs COST DATA Total annual cost of operating water system: +? 5 $1,000,000 $/Year Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses): +? 7 $3.50 $/1000 gallons (US) Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses): +? 7 $3, $/Million gallons Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses awwa.org/waterlosscontrol

38 IWA/AWWA Standard Water Balance Own Sources Water Imported Total System Input ( allow for known errors ) Water Exported Water Supplied Authorized Consumption Water Losses Billed Authorized Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption Apparent Losses Real Losses Revenue Water Non- Revenue Water Billed Water Exported Billed Metered Consumption Billed Unmetered Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Unauthorized Consumption Customer Metering Inaccuracies Systematic Data Handling Errors Leakage on Mains Leakage on Service Lines Leakage & Overflows at Storage

39 Fire Dept Usage Operational Flushing Tools for control include efficient flushing practices and awareness campaigns Management of NRW Own Sources Water Imported ( allow for known errors ) Water Exported Water Supplied Billed Authorized Consumption Non-physical / revenue loss - slow meters, billing issues and theft Authorized Cost impacts at retail Consumption rate. Tools Total for control include data management, System quality Input control policies/practices, & meter testing & repair Unbilled Authorized Consumption Physical loss - leakage Cost impacts at wholesale rate Tools for control include Water leakage and Losses pressure management Apparent Losses Real Losses Revenue Water Non- Revenue Water Billed Water Exported Billed Metered Consumption Billed Unmetered Consumption Unbilled Metered Consumption Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Unauthorized Consumption Customer Metering Inaccuracies Systematic Data Handling Errors Leakage on Mains Leakage on Service Lines Leakage & Overflows at Storage

40 Audience Poll According to the AWWA M36 Water Audit Method, an acceptable level of Unaccounted For Water is: A. 15% B. 10% C. 5% D. 0%

41 Audience Poll According to the AWWA Water Audit Method, an acceptable level of Unaccounted For Water is: A.15% B. 10% C. 5% D.0%

42 MGD Water Loss as a Percentage of Supply is not an Indicator of Performance Water Supplied (MGD) Authorized Consumption (MGD) Water Loss (MGD) Development Boom Great Recession, Rate Increases, Conservation New Normal 0 42

43 MGD Water Loss as a Percentage of Supply is not an Indicator of Performance Water Supplied (MGD) Authorized Consumption (MGD) Water Loss (MGD) Water Loss (Percent of Supply) 28% 26% 24% 22% 20% 18% 16% 14% 5 12% 0 10% 43

44 44

45 Unaccounted For Water Unaccounted For Water Percentage 45

46 2003 Inconsistent use and interpretation Unreliable indicator of performance Fails to segregate loss into its components for effective management 46

47 3-V s Volume MG per Year Gal/connection/day Leakage Index Value $ per Year Economic Loss Index Validity Water Audit Data Validity Score 95% Confidence Limits Key Data Input Grades

48 2,824 $2,341,420 per year Total Non-Revenue Water Volume (MG) Level 1 Billed Consumption NRW 10,097 Data Validity Score: 75 out of 100

49 Volume NRW Components - By Volume (MG) - Level 2 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Value NRW Components - By Value Level 2 $1,800,000 $1,600,000 $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,000,000 $800,000 $600,000 $400,000 $200,000 - Real Loss Apparent Loss Unbilled Consumption $- Real Loss Apparent Loss Unbilled Consumption

50 Reported Leakage Background Leakage Volume NRW Components - By Volume (MG) Level 3 Value NRW Components - By Value Level 3 $1,800,000 $1,600,000 $1,400,000 $1,200,000 $1,000,000 Data Handling Theft Unreported Leakage Data Handling Meter Inaccuracy Theft Unbilled Metered Unbilled Unmetered Real Loss Apparent Loss Unbilled Consumption $800,000 $600,000 $400,000 $200,000 $0 Reported Leakage Background Leakage Unreported Leakage Real Loss Meter Inaccuracy Apparent Loss Unbilled Metered Unbilled Unmetered Unbilled Consumption

51 3000 Volume NRW Volume (MG/year) Value NRW Value ($/year) $2,500, $2,000, BG 1.5 M$ $1,500, Current 2,824 $1,000,000 Current $2,341, Economic Target 1,146 $500,000 Economic Target $839,130 0 $0

52 Four Pillars of Managing Apparent Loss Customer Meter Accuracy Existing Apparent Losses Theft Economic Level Unavoidable Apparent Losses Data Transfer / Archive Errors As each component receives more or less attention, the losses will increase or decrease Data Billing Errors Source: AWWA Water Loss Control Committee

53 COST Unavoidable Apparent Loss Validated Target Setting Where the total cost is at a minimum Economic Level of Loss Cost of Revenue Protection LOSSES (MG)

54 Four Pillars of Managing Leakage Active Leakage Control Existing Real Losses Speed & Quality of Repairs Economic Level Unavoidable Real Losses Pressure Management As each component receives more or less attention, the losses will increase or decrease Maintenance Rehab Repair Source: AWWA Water Loss Control Committee

55 COST Validated Target Setting Background Leakage and Reported Breaks Where the total cost is at a minimum Economic Level of Loss Cost of Leakage Control LOSSES (MG)

56 COST ($M) Aggressive Intervention is Over-Spending Example: replacement of pipes and meters before their optimal useful life Economic Optimum NRW & Intervention Economic target from benefit-cost design (M36) Reactive Intervention is Over-Spending Example: fixing only leaks that surface, replacing meters only when they stop New $M The GAP New Supply Total NRW Cost Cost of NRW Cost of Intervention NRW (Volume)

57 Basic Concepts 1. Create a water balance: separate Non-Revenue Water into Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. 2. Test the validity: Data Validity Score & Metrics screening, gremlin hunting 3. Analyze the components of Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. Use volumes & values. 4. Prioritize the components to make a plan of attack.

58 Basic Concepts 1. Create a water balance: separate Non-Revenue Water into Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. 2. Test the validity: Data Validity Score & Metrics screening, gremlin hunting 3. Analyze the components of Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. Use volumes & values. 4. Prioritize the components to make a plan of attack.

59 AWWA Free Water Audit Software Functions of the AWWA Software: Complete a water balance Document data validity grades Calculate performance indicators Identify areas for improvement

60 AWWA Free Water Audit Software for each input into the audit software COMMENTS DEFINITIONS DATA VALIDITY GRADES VOLUMES

61 Data Validity Grades qualitative but specific 1 through 10 capture utility practices

62 Filling out the Software 1. Gather data and supporting documents 2. Review data for each input: complete? consistent? accurate? 3. Enter the input. 4. Comment on source of data, quality of data, etc. 5. Select a data validity grade for each input

63 Performance Indicators

64 Results Dashboard

65 Basic Concepts 1. Create a water balance: separate Non-Revenue Water into Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. 2. Test the validity: Data Validity Score & Metrics screening, gremlin hunting 3. Analyze the components of Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. Use volumes & values. 4. Prioritize the components to make a plan of attack.

66 Validation of Inputs A Simple Approach 1. Assemble supporting documents Must-have docs Good-to-get docs 2. Develop the data inputs 3. Check the metrics Build it from supporting docs Look for gremlins Sanity check Inside typical ranges Metrics versus practices

67 Small Water System Technical Assistance Finished Water Meter Flow Verification (FWM) FWM Global Statistics Summary total # meters Pass Finished Water Meter Flow Verification Fail Inconclusive 33% UNTESTABLE 18% PASS 25 total # meters not tested 49% FAIL Pass Fail Inconclusive or Untestable

68 Gremlin Hunting

69 Gremlin Hunting 8 Propeller Meter Accuracy results from MFR test bench: 99.5% Check Valve Well Pump Accuracy results from insitu test: 142.2% Courtesy MESCO

70 Example of Water Pumping Data Gaps and Adjus Production flow data should be reviewed every business day for data gaps Gaps occur due to: Unplanned interruption: lightning strike, power failure Planned interruption: instrumentation calibration Gaps in water flow data should be quantified and added back to the daily total 8/15/2012, hrs High Service Pumping Rate, mgd actual flow High Service Pumping Rate, mgd raw recorded data 0: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Hig Pumpin adju Total Average Difference 2.55 (Source: AWWA M36 Publication, 4 th

71 Checking the Meter Flow Testing vs. Calibration Flow (Accuracy) Testing confirms the accuracy of the primary device the element that measures the flow of water Signal Calibration confirms the functions of the secondary device which is a data transfer device, typically a differential pressure cell, chart recorder, or similar device Many water utilities regularly calibrate their secondary devices, but do not regularly verify the primary device by regular flow accuracy testing. Thus, inaccuracies can be carried through to reports Orifice Plate Flowmeter components (Source: AWWA M36 Publication, 4 th Ed.) Bank of Differential Pressure Cells connected to flowmeters (Courtesy of Louisville Water Company)

72 *** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 62 out of 100 ***? Step 3 Check the Metrics Apparent Losses: MG/Yr + Real Losses: MG/Yr = Water Losses: MG/Yr Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): MG/Yr Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $821,449 Annual cost of Real Losses: $139,934 Valued at Variable Production Cost Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumpiton *** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 51 out of 100 *** Typical Ranges Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 26.0% Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 10.4% Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost Apparent Losses per service connection per day: Real Losses per service connection per day: Real Losses per length of main per day*: Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: gallons/connection/day gallons/connection/day N/A 2.55 gallons/connection/day/psi From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL):? Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]: million gallons/year ystems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline Metrics versus Practices Inside the range are they high, mid, or low? How does that compare to the water loss management practices?

73 Basic Concepts 1. Create a water balance: separate Non-Revenue Water into Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. 2. Test the validity: Data Validity Score & Metrics screening, gremlin hunting 3. Analyze the components of Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. Use volumes & values. 4. Prioritize the components to make a plan of attack.

74 Background Unreported Reported

75 =

76 Customer Meter Accuracy Testing Routine or periodic meter accuracy testing will quantify the accuracy level of the meter population Meter testing can be performed by testing companies or in-house by utilities with a test bench or portable test equipment Only skilled personnel should do testing; meter testing is a precision activity Make sure procedures are followed always test at the low flowrate first Set clear meter testing goals, such as: Test for high bill complaints Meters serving high water using customers Test a sample of meters retired from service Test high through-put meters (longevity) Test samples of newly purchased meters Suspect meters Utility Test Bench for testing water meters of size less than 3-inch

77 Sample Testing for Small Meters

78 Meter Accuracy (%) Total Flow Through Meter 250, , ,000 1,000,000 1,250,000

79 =

80 Graphic Courtesy WRF From a formula. Need to provide the ICF. From your repair records. Pressure Management Pressure Management Pressure Management

81 The Life of a Leak: Awareness, Location & Repair Times This is the basis for Leakage Component Analysis

82 Basic Data Needed for Component Analysis Failure Data 1. Break type: reported or unreported 2. Main or service 3. Location 4. Line size 5. Date/time the break became known 6. Date/time the break was fixed Other Data 7. Storage tank volume (total) 8. Average age of pipe network (approx.) 9. Data from your AWWA water audit

83 Real Loss Component Analysis Results REAL LOSS COMPONENT ANALYSIS RESULTS System Component Background Unreported Failures Reported Failures Leakage (Hidden Losses) Total (MG) (MG) (MG) (MG) Reservoirs Mains and Appurtenances Service Connections Total Annual Real Loss Real Losses as Calculated by Water Audit Hidden Losses/Unreported Leakage Currently Running Undetected 1,

84 Graphic Courtesy WRF Which Tools to Choose? Pressure Management Pressure Management Pressure Management Background Unreported Reported

85 Graphic Courtesy WRF Which Tools to Choose? Background Unreported Reported

86 Graphic Courtesy WRF Which Tools to Choose? Pressure Management Pressure Management Pressure Management Background Unreported Reported

87 Basic Concepts 1. Create a water balance: separate Non-Revenue Water into Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. 2. Test the validity: Data Validity Score & Metrics screening, gremlin hunting 3. Analyze the components of Unbilled Consumption, Apparent Loss and Real Loss. Use volumes & values. 4. Prioritize the components to make a plan of attack.

88 The Toolbox (Basic) Helps to Address Level of Cost 1 - Validation of supply & consumption volumes 2 - Estimating and tracking unmetered use 3 - Installing meters on unmetered connections Low Data Validity Score, Gremlins Validity, Unmetered Use Unmetered Use 4 - Billing system audit Systematic Data Handling Errors Low-Mid None-Low Mid Low-Mid 5 - Meter testing & replacement Customer metering inaccuracy Mid-High 6 - Unidirectional flushing program Unbilled unmetered Low 7 - Acoustic leak survey Unreported leakage Mid 8 - Improve speed/quality of repairs Unreported, Reported leakage Low 9 - Locate & eliminate pressure transients (surges, hammers) All 3 types of leakage Low-Mid 10 - Reduce peak and overall pressure All 3 types of leakage Mid-High

89 Water Audit Report for: EXAMPLE - Tallapoosa ( ) Reporting Year: / /2014 ystem Attributes: erformance Indicators: Financial: *** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 69 out of 100 ***? Apparent Losses: MG/Yr + Real Losses: MG/Yr = Water Losses: MG/Yr Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): See limits in definition MG/Yr Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $18,860 Annual cost of Real Losses: $123,614 Valued at Variable Production Cost Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumption Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 26.5% Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 16.5% Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost Operational Efficiency: Apparent Losses per service connection per day: Real Losses per service connection per day: Real Losses per length of main per day*: Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: 6.05 gallons/connection/day gallons/connection/day N/A 0.95 gallons/connection/day/psi From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL):? Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]: million gallons/year This performance indicator applies for systems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline Background Unreported Reported

90 The Toolbox (Basic) Helps to Address Level of Cost 1 - Validation of supply & consumption volumes 2 - Estimating and tracking unmetered use 3 - Installing meters on unmetered connections Low Data Validity Score, Gremlins Validity, Unmetered Use Unmetered Use 4 - Billing system audit Systematic Data Handling Errors Low-Mid Mid Low-Mid 5 - Meter testing & replacement Customer metering inaccuracy Mid-High 6 - Unidirectional flushing program Unbilled unmetered Low 7 - Acoustic leak survey Unreported leakage Mid 8 - Improve speed/quality of repairs Unreported, Reported leakage Low 9 - Locate & eliminate pressure transients (surges, hammers) All 3 types of leakage Low-Mid 10 - Reduce peak and overall pressure All 3 types of leakage Mid-High

91 Water Audit Report for: #2 - City of Cave Spring (GA ) Reporting Year: / /2014 System Attributes: Performance Indicators: Financial: *** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 52 out of 100 *** Apparent Losses: MG/Yr + Real Losses: MG/Yr = Water Losses: MG/Yr? Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL): MG/Yr Annual cost of Apparent Losses: $30,992 Annual cost of Real Losses: $6,476 Valued at Variable Production Cost Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumption Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied: 23.8% Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: 4.8% Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost Operational Efficiency: Apparent Losses per service connection per day: Real Losses per service connection per day: Real Losses per length of main per day*: Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure: 6.91 gallons/connection/day N/A gallons/connection/day gallons/mile/day N/A gallons/connection/day/psi From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL):? Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]: million gallons/year 1.05 * This performance indicator applies for systems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline Background Unreported Reported

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