DPU AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURER BEHAVIOUR OF CARBONATE SOFTDRINK INDUSTRY IN THAILAND

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1 ก ก ก AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURER BEHAVIOUR OF CARBONATE SOFTDRINK INDUSTRY IN THAILAND ก ก ก ก ก

2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

3 AN ANALYSIS OF MARKET STRUCTURE AND MANUFACTURER BEHAVIOUR OF CARBONATE SOFTDRINK INDUSTRY IN THAILAND NUTARIN PETCHYOTIN A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Master of Economics Department of Economics Graduate School, Dhurakij Pundit University 2007

4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก. ก. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

5 ... ก... ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก.. 26

6 ( ) 4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก... 81

7 1.1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก /Herfindahl Index

8 ( ) 4.5 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ( )

9 1.1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

10 ก ก ก ก. ( ก ) ก ก 2549 ก ก 50 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก Differentiated Oligopoly ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก

11 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Traditional Trade) (Modern Trade) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Brand Loyalty) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

12 Thesis Title An Analysis of Market Structure and Manufacturer Behaviour of Carbonate Softdrink Industry in Thailand Author Nutarin Petchyotin Thesis Advisor Associate Professor Dr. Chanin Mephokee Department Economics Academic Year 2006 ABSTRACT Carbonated beverage (soda pop) industry in Thailand has been established for more than over 50 years and today the industry is very competitive. The firms within the industry employ many strategies to gain and capture market s share. For examples, they keep changing the products, use sale promotion and more efficient distribution to response to consumers need. The research objective in this paper will be about the structure of carbonated beverage industry in Thailand and especially the behavior of two dominant firms Thai Namtip and Sermsuk. The industries sale figure and market share data was collecting from the period between B.E to calculate market share concentration within the carbonated beverage industry using Herfindahl Index. In addition, descriptive method is used to explain industries market barrier, production and marketing strategies. From the studies, we found that carbonated beverage industry in Thailand is Differentiated Oligopoly. That is the product from one brand can be easily substituted by another brand. The product differentiation is created by advertising and consumer perception on a particular brand. The market structure for the industries is considering to be highly concentrated by only by two dominant firms. There are many factors that create market barrier for the new firms. For example, the dominant firms have long established well known brand. Economy of scale is also another factor. It is very hard for a new firm to achieve the cost per unit as low as the dominant firms. Without economy of scale it is very difficult for the new firm to compete effectively. Plus, dominant firms heavily use advertising as the tool to create products

13 differentiation. The dominant firms also use very efficient distribution channel to response to the consumer s need. Furthermore, two dominant firms are focusing on introducing new products line to the market periodically and use product positioning to get the product to the target consumers. Both dominant firms employ similar strategies in their products distribution channel. The firms will co-invest with the companies that handle the products distribution. That includes products warehousing and transportation. They also provide technologies and management knowhow. In some cases, the dominant firm will run their own warehouse in the province other than Bangkok. They do this to create the most effective way to distribute the products. Furthermore, the firms keep maintaining the retail channel on both traditional retail shop and modern discount store to maximize to chance that consumers will get access to their products. The dominant firms choose not to use price cutting method for their sale promotion strategies, but they will use brand s image building with very high budget campaigned. They do it by create events for product free tasting, raffle and activities for improving social and environmental awareness. These sale promotion help create very high brand loyalties to the products offer by both dominant firms.

14 1 1.1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 50 ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Mass Product) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 7 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก - กก กก. ก ก -

15 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Nonalcoholic beverages (NAB) ก ก ก UHT Sterilize 6. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

16 1.1 ก ก ก ( : ) ก Sterilise UHT ก ก : ( ) ก, 2549 ก ก ก ก ก ,675,709, ,601,999,750 ก 5.26% ก..2542, ,585,589,150 ก 8.50% ก..2543, ,378,519,040 ก 5.97% ก..2544, ,619,417,920 ก 12.23% ก..2545, ,045,578, ก 5.85% ก , ,320,841, ก 2.84% ก..2547, ,094,743, ก 4.58% ก..2548, ก

17 4 14% 12% 12.23% 10% 8.50% 8% 6% 5.26% 5.97% 5.85% 4.58% 4% 2.84% 2% 0% 2542 vs vs vs vs vs vs vs ก ก ก : ( ) ก, 2549

18 1.2 ก ก : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ก 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Sterilise , UHT 5, , , , , , , , ก 7, , , , , , , , ก , , , , , , , , : ( ) ก,

19 ก ก ก ก ก ก ,100,668, ,350,007,800 ก 8.30% ก..2542, ,575,270,130 ก 7.58% ก..2543, ,366,650,630 ก 2.51% ก..2544, ,767,217,140 ก 10.51% ก..2545, ,405,190,000 ก -1.01% ก..2546, ,625,691,640 ก 0.62% ก..2547, ,041,019,140 ก 3.97% ก ก % 10% 5% 0% -5% 2542 vs % 7.58% 2543 vs vs % 2545 vs % 2546 vs % 2547 vs % 2548 vs ก ก : ( ) ก, %

20 ก 2 ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ( : ) ก ก ( ) ก : ( ) ก, 2549 ก 1.3 ก ก 2542 ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Academy Fantasia (AF) ก ก % 49.8% 1.4% ก 53 ก ก 47.1% ก 30,000 ก ก ก ก ก, ก,,,,, ก ก ก ก ก, ก 7

21 2000, 1250, 1000, 600, 422, 325, 280, 250, ก ( ), ก,,,,,,, ก, ก ก,, ก,,, 2000, 1000, 500, 400, 325, ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก Market Demand ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Promotion) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 8

22 1.2.3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1.4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ( ) ก 8 ก, ก ( ), ก ( ) ก, ก., ก, ( ) ก, ก ก ( ) ก ก 2 ก ก กก 40 % ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก, ก,, ก, ก ก 9

23 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1.5 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Primary data) กก 2 ก ก ก 8 ก 5 ก ( ) 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Secondary data) ก ก ก ก, ก ก, ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก, ก ก ก ก, ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Descriptive Method) ก ก ก ก ก ก Marketing Mix 4Ps ก (Quantitative Method) ก ก ก Herfindahl Index ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 10

24 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก A ก ก ก ก ก A + B ก ก A + B + C ก ก A + B + C

25 2.1 ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก : A = ก B = ก ก C = : Douglas F. Greer, Industrial Organization and Public Policy, ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Market share) กก ก ก ก ก % 6 ก 15% ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก กก ก ก ก 12

26 2.1.3 ก ก ก (Barrier to New Entry) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก (Natural Barrier to Entry) ก ก ก ก กก ก ก (Predatory Barrier to Entry) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Technological Barrier to Entry) ก ก ก 2.2 ก (Oligopoly) ก ( ก, 2539) (Small Number of Selling) ก (Few Large Sellers) ก ก ก (Pure Oligopoly) ก ก (Identical Product) ก ก (Differentiated Oligopoly) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Interdependence) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก (Barriers) ก (Economics of Scale) ก 13

27 14 ก ก ก 2.3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก (Price Competition) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Non-price Competition) ก ก ก ก 2 (, 2525) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

28 ก ก ก (Sales Promotion) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2.4 ก ก ก ก ก ( ก, 2542) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2527 : 21) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Merger) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก 15

29 ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2532 : ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Partial Concentration) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก 2 ก ก 4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ( 2, 4, 8, ) ก ก ก ก กก 16

30 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Concentration Ratio) n P i i= 1 C = ก C = ก ก ก 0-1 P i = i N = ก ก C ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก C ก ก ก ก ก ก ก C ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก C ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก, 2542 : 77) ก (Summary Index) ก ก ก (, 2532 : ) ก Herfindahl Summary Index (HI) ก ก ก 2 HI = ( S / S) n i= 1 ก HI = Herfindahl Index n = ก ก S i = ก i i 17

31 S = ก HI ก ก ก ก ก ก HI 1 1/n 1 HI 1/n ก ก HI ก 1 ก ก ก ก HI ก 1/n ก 2.5 ก ก (, 2541) ก (Marketing concept) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Marketing mix 4Ps) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Marketing mix 4Ps) ก ก ก ก (Product) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Utility) (Value) ก ก ก ก ก (Product Differentiation) ( ) ก ก (Competitive Differentiation) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1) ก ก (Product Differentiation) ( ) ก ก (Competitive Differentiation) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Features) ก (Performance Quality) 18

32 ก (Conformance Quality) (Durability) (Reliability) (Reparability) (Style) ก ก (Design) 2) ก ก (Services Differentiation) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Augmented Product) ก ก (Ordering Ease) ก (Delivery) ก (Installation) ก ก ก (Customer Training) ก ก (Customer Consulting) ก ก (Maintenance and Repair) ก (Miscellaneous Services) ก ก 3) ก ก ก (Personal Differentiation) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 6 ก (Competence) (Courtesy) (Credibility) (Reliability) ก ก (Responsiveness) ก (Communication) 4) ก ก ก (Channel Differentiation) ก ก ก ก ก 5) ก ก ก (Image Differentiation) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Identity Versus Image) ก (Symbols) (Written and Audio (visual) Media) ก (Atmosphere) ก (Events) ก ก ( ) (Product Component) ก ก ก ก (Product Positioning) ก ก ก ก 19

33 ก (Product Development) ก (New and Improved) ก ก ก ก ก ก (Product Mix) (Product Line) (Price) ก ก ก ก ก ก (Perceived Value) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Promotion) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Personal Selling) ก (Non Personal Selling) ก ก ก กก ก ก (Integrated Marketing Communication : IMC) ก ก ก ก (Advertising) ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Creative Strategy) ก (Advertising) ก (Media Strategy) 20

34 ก ก (Personal Selling) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Personal Selling Strategy) ก ก (Sales Force Management) ก ก (Sales Promotion) ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 1) ก ก ก ก ก (Consumer Promotion) 2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Trade Promotion) 3) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Sales Force Promotion) 4) ก ก (Publicity and Public Relations) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก 5) ก (Direct Marketing Direct Response Marketing) ก (Online marketing) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Place Distribution) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Channel of Distribution) ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก 21

35 22 ก ก 2.3 ก ก ก ก (Market Logistics) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Transportation) ก ก ก (Storage) ก (Warehousing) ก (Inventory Management) 2.6 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (2543) ก ก ก ก ก (Oligopoly) 4, UHT, ก ก ก กก 336 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Dixit, Anivash and Nalebuff, Barry (1989) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (2540) ก ก ก ก ก ก

36 ก ก ก ก (Partial Index) Concentration Ratio (CR) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Economies of Scale) ก ก (Capital Requirement) ก ก ก ก ก ก (Excess Capacity) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Advertising and Trademark) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Vertical Integration กก ก ก Differentiated Oligopoly ก ก ก ก ก ceiling price... ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (2529) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 23

37 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (2515) ก Concentration ก 2510 ก ก ก ก ก Absolute Concentration Ratio ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( 77 กก ) 51 ก ( ก ก ก ) ก ก ก ก ( 33 ก ) 7 ก ( ก ) ก ก ก ก ก ก (2529) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 115 ก ก 148 ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 5, 8 10 ก ก ก 5, 0 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก 24

38 3 ก ก ก ก ก 3.1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก (CO 2 ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก กก ก - ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก ก 20 ก

39 26 ก ก ก 5 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 10 ก ก ก 10 1 ก ก กก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก - ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

40 27 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Oligopoly) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก (ก ), (ก ),, ก, ก ( ) (ก ),,, ก 15 ก 9 ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก

41 ก ก ก 2 ก ( ) ก 3 ก ( ) ก ก 4 ก. 5 ก 6 ( ) ก 7 ก ก 8 ก ก ก 9 ก ( ) ก ก : ก ก ก ก, 2549 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 6 63 ก ก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) 5 46 ( 3 กก ) ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก

42 ก 3.3 ก ก ,100,668,150 ก ก ก ก ก ,575,270,130 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก กก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) ก 3.7 ก ก ( ) ( : ) ,281 19,378 20,987 22,193 25,516 25,831 26,477 27,452 2,365 2,482 2,436 2,307 2,213 2,034 2,072 2,099 7,455 7,490 8,152 7,867 8,038 7,540 7,076 7,490 27,101 29,350 31,575 32,367 35,767 35,405 35,626 37,041 : ( ) ก, 2549

43 ก ( : ) : ก ก ( : ) ก 9,338 9,726 9,862 10,207 11,474 11,209 11,011 10,833 4,860 4,854 5,116 4,942 5,303 4,915 4,857 5,104 2,017 2,125 2,091 2,001 1,934 1,802 1,859 1,865 7,943 9,652 11,125 11,986 14,042 14,622 15,467 16,619 1,516 1,492 1,592 1,486 1,385 1,174 1,143 1, ,079 1,144 1,443 1,439 1,350 1,451 1,076 1,198 27,101 29,350 31,575 32,367 35,767 35,405 35,626 37,041 : ( ) ก, 2549

44 ก ก ( : ) ก : ก ก ( : ) ก : ก 3.4

45 ก ( : ) : ก ก ( : ) : ก 3.4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก กก 2-3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2, ก ก 55.4 ก ก 49.5 ก 2,119 ก ก 4.0 ก ก ก ก

46 33 ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 13.4 ก ก ก (..-ก..) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (ก ) ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก, 2549)

47 กก ก ( / ) ( / ) ( ) ( ) (ก ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ก ) ( ก ) : ก ก, 2549 ก ก 1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก 20 ก 10 ก 7 ก 1-3 ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ( ก, 2549)

48 4 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4.1 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก (Industrial Concentration) ก ก ก ก ก ก (Herfindahl Index) ก ก 4.1 ก ก ก 4.2 ก ก ก ก 27,100,668, ,041,019, ก ก ก ก ก 16,215,858, ,875,495, ก ก ( ) ก ก

49 36 ก 9,941,631, ,936,402, ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก 17,912,321, ก ( ) ก 18,287,824, ก 3 ก ( ) ก ก 498,487, ,292, ก ก ก 61,456, ก 3 ก 381,459, ( ) ก ,100,668, ,350,007, % ,575,270, % ,366,650, % ,767,217, % ,405,190, % ,625,691, % ,041,019, % : ( ) ก, 2549

50 4.2 ( : ) ก ก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก : ( ) ก,

51 Herfindahl Summary Index (HI) ก ก ก 2 HI = ( S / S) ก HI = Herfindahl Index n = ก ก S i = ก i S = n i= 1 i ก 1 ก ก ก ก 0 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1/HI ( ก Numbers Equivalent) ก ก ก ก 1/HI ก 4 4 1/HI ก ก ก ก ก 1/HI ก ก ก ก ก (, 2532 : ) ก ก

52 ก ก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก : ก

53 ก 4.3 ก (1/HI) Numbers Equivalent ก ก ก 4.4 1/ Herfindahl index : ก ก ก ก ก 4.3 ก ก 1/HI ก /HI ก ก ก ก ก ก /HI ก ก ก ก ก ก /HI ก ก ก ก ก ก /HI ก ก ก ก ก ก /HI ก ก ก ก ก ก /HI ก ก ก ก ก ก /HI ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1/HI ก ก ก 2.093

54 ก ก กก 1/HI ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก (Barrier to Entry) ก ก ก (Brand Loyalty) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก, ก ก, ก ก ก ก ก กก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก,, ก, ก ( ) ก 5,000 ก ก ก, ก ก, ก ก ก ก ก, ก ก ก ก ก 41

55 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2533 : 17) ก ก ก (Mass Product) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 42

56 ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Entrance Fee Listing Fee) ก ก ( ) ก - ก Listing Fee 250,000 ก (Stock Keeping Unit : SKU) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก, 2527 : 63) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 43

57 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Chamberlin, 1965 : 56) ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Academy Fantasia (AF) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 44

58 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก Differentiated Oligopoly ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก 4.2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก 97 3 ก ( 6 ) ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Interdependency) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2530 : 240) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก กก 97 ก ก ก 3 45

59 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Product) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Product Component) 1) ก ก 390, 500, 1250, 2000 ก 250, 280, 422, ก 325 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 390, 500, 1250, 2000 ก (Modern Trade) ก ก (Place) ก 250, 280, 422, ก (Traditional Trade) ก 325 ก 2) (Quality) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 46

60 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก. ก. ก. ก ก, ก ก ก ก 3) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 47

61 ก ก ก (Product differentiation) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 48

62 4) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Price) กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 40 ก ก ก 49

63 ก ก ก ก ก 8 1 ก 11 2 (, 2549 : 6) 3.9 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก 1) ก กก ก ก ก ก (Trade Discount Functional Discount) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก 285 3, ก 812, (Special Discount Seasonal Discount) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Modern Trade) ก ก ก 3,000 ก ก ก 2 ก ก 285 ก (Cash Discount) ก ก ก 50

64 ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก 60 ก ก 30 ก ก ก ก (Product Mix Pricing) ก ก ก ก 3,000 ก 5 2 ก 300,000 ก ก (Place) กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Traditional Trade ก ก ก Modern Trade ก ก ก ก ก Modern Trade ก ก ก ก 1) (Department Store) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2) (Category Killer) ก ก กกก ก 51

65 3) ก (Convenience Store) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก ก 4) ก (Supermarket) ก ก 1,500-3,000 5) ก (Hypermarket - Discount Store) ก 7,000-15,000 25,000-50,000 ก ก กก ก ก ก 6) ก (Cash-and-Carry) ก ก ก ก ก 5,000-25,000 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Electronic Data Interchange: EDI) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 52

66 4.2.4 ก ก (Promotion) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Economies of Scale) ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก (, 2532 : 469) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Brand Loyalty ก ก ก กก ก ก กก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ( ) กก ก ก, ก ก... ก ก ก ก ก ก Music Marketing ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4.5 ก ก ก ก

67 4.8 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 565,728,000 42,577,000 30,206,000 ก 27,727,000 ก 26,484,000 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก 430,085,000 ก ก 356,793, ,751,000, 56,076,000 45,132,000 ก ก 66,220,000 ก 56,397,000, 4,488,000 3,220,000 ก ก ก 235,079,000 ก ก ก 202,869, ,621,000, 22,343,000 18,084,000 ก ก 30,782,000 ก 24,124,000, 4,436,000 ก ( ) ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 54

68 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Brand Loyalty), ก (Brand Awareness) (Share of Voice) 4.5 ก ก ( : ) , ,236 7, , ก 43,104 60,710 84,898 93, ,036 20, ก 187, , , , , , , ,868 69,232 82,042 76,261 60,385 71,818 92,247 58,493 30,781 ก 15,110 15, ,538 43,377 59,396 62,247 59,836 66,709 59,936 66, , , , , , , , ,793-5,689 54,003 29,864 13,421 2, ,391 15,652 15,537 9,829-43,617 37,617 1, ,134 3,086 1,122 9,694 11,419 7, , , , , , , , ,481 : ก,

69 4.6 ก ก ( : ) ก ก 36,268 3,018 1,040 1,573 1,206 - ก 126,851 22,720 3, ,984 23,604 63,421 5, ก 12, , , ,164 21,194 3, ,708 4, , ,105 53,720 9,248 4,719 21,804 28,044 : ก,

70 4.7 ก ก ( : ) ก ,040 5, ,665 2, ก ก 149,621 7,400 4,014 1,295 22,343 18, ,124 1, , ก ,397 2, ,488 3, ,751 14,872 5,004 3,200 56,076 7,530 45,132 2, ,534 4, ,893 31,582 16,448 5,599 78,419 37,118 54,085 2,340 : ก,

71 4.8 ก ก ( : ).. ก ,105 53,720 9,248 4,719 21,804 28, ,733 46,126 8,390 3,917 14,037 4,812 2, ,622 57,509 9,585 5,279 6,713 10,929 1,039 5, ,820 53,198 13,158 2,398 36,552 28,545 31,019 4, ,728 30,206 7,121 2,109 42,577 27,727 14,120 3, ,205 36,415 15,466 2,023 56,246 31,343 31,898 2, ,441 40,363 6,100 3,900 61,804 38,448 54,339 1, ,893 31,582 16,448 5,599 78,419 37,118 54,085 2,340 : ก,

72 4.9 ก ( : ) ก 283, , , , , , , ,079 ก ( ) 189, , , , , , , ,085 ก 59,182 76,313 89,308 96, ,158 30,406 11,419 13, , , , , , , , ,481 : ก,

73 4.10 ก ก : ก ก ( ) ก : ก ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 387,471, ,215,858, ก ( ) 46,650, ,941,631, ก 97,552, ,179, ,673, ,100,668, : กก

74 4.12 ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 235,079, ,912,321, ก ( ) 430,085, ,287,824, ก 13,317, ,873, ,481, ,041,019, : กก 61 SOV (Share of Media Voice) ก ก ก ก SOM (Share of Market) ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก 4.16 (SOV) ก (SOM) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก

75 1) ก ก ก concept ก ก กก ก ก ก 2 ก, - ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก 2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 20 ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 62

76 ก ก กก 3) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2-3 ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (sale promotion strategies) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1) ก ก. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

77 MT TT 2006 Marketing Activities Grid Strictly Confidential Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec NEW MT Fanta Berry Movie & Music 2006 MT FANTA Loyalty Program MT TT MT Coke Light Re-Activate 64 MT TT World Cup PR World Cup Phase I MT TT World Cup Phase II MT TT MT TT Coke New Campaign CSOL MT TT Coke Promotion Internal use only for Key Account team to reserve period for promotion mail Coke with Food Merchandising MT 4.1 ก Update Jun 7 Trade Marketing 2006 : ก, ) ก ก ก ก 3) ก ก (public and public relations strategies) ก ก ก กก ก 2 ก 1. website ก 2. (hotline) ก ก 3. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

78 4.13 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก,, ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 65

79 4.13 ( ) ก ( ) ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก,, ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 66

80 ( ) ก ( ) ก (ก ) ก. ( ) 2 ก ก ก ก,, ก ก ก ก,, ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก - ก - ก,, ก ( ก ) ก ก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก ก,, ก ก ก ก ก ก

81 4.13 ( ) ก ( ก ) 3 ก 68 ก ก ก ก,, ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (ก ) ก ก,, ก ก ก ก ก ก : ก ก ก ก ก

82 4.3 ก ก ก ก ก ก (PET) ก (PE) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก 3.57 ก ก ก ก 2.74 ก ก ก ก 17,434,853, ,939,034, ,802,264, * 17,528,016, ,038,434, ,896,715, ,540,861, ,572,471, ,127,751, ก ก 4,779,539, ,339,208, ,073,459, ก 2,507, , ,630, ,710, ,334, ,903, * 17,408,618, ,957,803, ,424,744, ก ( ) 119,398, ,631, ,970, ก ( ) : ก ( ) : ก ก ก 69 :

83 4.15 ก ก ( ) 70 : ก 16,096,208, ,820,866, ,895,443, * 16,241,930, ,934,363, ,000,072, ,218,555, ,187,089, ,142,055, ก ก 4,278,991, ,958,392, ,950,861, ก 37,457, ,461, ,320, ,143, ,052, ,274, * 15,731,147, ,399,995, ,399,511, ก ( ) 510,782, ,367, ,560, ก ( ) : ก ( ) : ก ก ก

84 4.16 ก ก Liquidity Ratios / ( ) ( ) Efficiency Ratios ก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Profitability Ratios ก (%) ก (%) ก ก ก / (%) (%) (%) Leverage Ratios / (%) / (%) / (%) / (%) ก ก ก ก / ก ( ) Growth Ratios ก (%) ก ก (%) ก (%) : ก ( ) 71

85 4.17 ก ก ( ) Liquidity Ratios / ( ) ( ) Efficiency Ratios ก ( ) ก ( ) ก ก ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Profitability Ratios ก (%) ก (%) ก ก ก / (%) (%) (%) Leverage Ratios / (%) / (%) / (%) / (%) ก ก ก ก / ก ( ) 6, N/A 65, Growth Ratios ก (%) ก ก (%) ก (%) : ก ( ) 72

86 4.3.2 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก Modern Trade ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 73

87 5 กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1. กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (1/HI) Numbers Equivalent ก ก ก 2 ก ก กก ก ก ก ก 2. กก ก ก (Barrier to Entry) ก ก ก (Brand Loyalty) ก ก ก 3. กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

88 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Differentiated Oligopoly ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Traditional 75

89 Trade ก ก ก Modern Trade ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก ก ก กก ก 1. กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2. ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 76

90 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 3 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก 77

91

92 79 ก. (2530). EC ก :.. (2525).. ก :. ก. (2527). ก. ก : ก. (2532).. ก : ก ก.. (2532). ก. ก :.. (2546). ก ก ก ก. ก :. ก. (2537). ก ก. ก : ก.. (2527). ก ก. ก : ก ก. :..ก. (2549, 21 ). ก. : ก ก. (2549, 14 ก ). ก. ก. (2550, 22 ก ). ก.

93 80 ก. (2529). ก : ก ก ก ก ก : ก ก.. (2540). ก ก ก.. ก : ก.. (2515). Concentration ก.. ก : ก.. (2529). ก ก ก ก.. ก : ก.. (2543). ก ก.. ก : ก. BOOKS Chamberlin, Edward Hastings. (1965). The Theory of Monopolistic Competition : A Re-Orientation of The Theory of Value. Cambridge : Harvard University Press. Greer, Douglas F. (1992). Industrial Organization and Public Policy. New York : Macmillan. John Lipczynski, John Wilson. (2001). Industrial Organization : An Analysis of Competitive Market. Harlow : Financial Times. Prentice Hall.

94

95 ก 1 ก ก ก. 13 ก ก 1.25 ก / / / / / ก ก ( 2 For 42 ) ก ( ) ก ก ( ) N N 4 ก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) : - N - S : ก ก,

96 ก 1 ( ) ก / 83 ก / / / / ก ก N N ก ( ) 262 N N N N 4 ก N N ก ( ) 260 N N N N 4 ก ก ( ) 283 N N N N ก N N N N N ก ( ) N N N N N : - N - S : ก ก, 2549

97 ก 1 ( ) ก / 84 ก 2 / / / / ก ก ก ( ) N N 4 ก ก ( ) N N 4 ก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) : - N - S : ก ก, 2549

98 ก 1 ( ) ก / 85 ก / / / / ก ก ก ( ) N N 4 ก ( 2 For 120 ) ก ( ) 70 N 70 N N 4 ก ( 2 For 115 ) ก ( ) 71 N 70 N N ก ก ( ) : - N - S : ก ก, 2549

99 ก 1 ( ) ก / 86 ก / / / / ก ก ก ( ) 278 N N N N 4 ก ก ( ) 288 N N N N 4 ก ก ( ) 285 N N N N ก N N N N N ก ( ) N N N N N : - N - S : ก ก, 2549

100 ก 1 ( ) ก / ก 1.25 / / / ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) : - N - S : ก ก, /

101 ก 1 ( ) ก / 88 ก / / / / ก ก N N N N N ก ( ) N N N N N ก N N N N N ก ( ) N N N N N 33 ก N N N N N ก ( ) N N N N N : - N - S : ก ก, 2549

102 ก 1 ( ) ก / 89 ก 2 / / / / ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) ก N N N ก ( ) 39 N N N N : - N - S : ก ก, 2549

103 ก 1 ( ) ก / 90 ก / / / / ก ก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) ก ก ( ) 68 S : - N - S : ก ก, 2549

104 91 ก 2 ก ก ( : ) 156, ก 50,174,000 2,525,000 2,251,000 1,418,000 ก 124,644,000 17,391,000 4,172, ,000 77,492,000 4,407,000-40,000 ก 13,495,000-1,721,000 43,209, ,222,000 21,557,000 1,826, ,000 5,689, ,652, , , ,733,000 46,126,000 8,390,000 3,917,000 : ก, 2549

105 92 ก 2 ( ) ( : ) ก ก 1,646,000-2,696,000 - ก 3,261,000 1,509, , ก , ,028,000 3,135,000 2, ,037,000 4,812,000 2,698,000 - : ก, 2549

106 93 ก 3 ก ก ( : ) ,000 - ก 76,123,000 4,923, ,000 2,270,000 ก 142,640,000 17,881,000 3,612,000 2,653,000 70,188,000 4,889, , ,000 ก 141,000-30,000 53,929,000 3,670, , ,569,000 16,112,000 4,058,000-44,495,000 6,320, ,000-15,537, ,714, , ,622,000 57,509,000 9,585,000 5,279,000 : ก, 2549

107 94 ก 3 ( ) ( : ) ก ก - 219,000 1,039,000 - ก 350,000 6,294,000-2,468, ,000 ก ,668, ,363,000 2,748, ,462, ,713,000 10,929,000 1,687,000 4,930,000 : ก, 2549

108 95 ก 4 ก ก ( : ) 300, ,000 - ก 68,624,000 5,810,000-1,263,000 ก 155,640,000 16,247,000 5,972, ,000 39,668,000 13,059, ,000 47,000 ก ,655,000 3,266, ,514,000 6,924,000 4,891, ,000 18,171,000 6,584,000 1,152, ,000 8,248,000 1,186, , , , ,820,000 53,198,000 13,158,000 2,398,000 : ก, 2549

109 96 ก 4 ( ) ( : ) ก ก - 600,000 17,534,000 - ก 6,354,000 7,767,000 60, ,000-6,870, ,000 ก ,867,000 6,060,000 3,400,000-21,379,000 7,248,000 10,025,000-2,952, , ,625,000 36,552,000 28,545,000 31,019,000 4,562,000 : ก, 2549

110 97 ก 5 ก ก ( : ) 8,948, ก 86,330,000 5,370,000 2,531,000 1,577,000 ก 176,088,000 14,724,000 1,690, ,000 62,522,000 3,571, ,000 ก ,563, ,016,000 6,247,000 2,072,000-11,261, , , ,728,000 30,206,000 7,121,000 2,109,000 : ก, 2549

111 98 ก 5 ( ) ( : ) ก ก - - 5,229,000 - ก 9,302,000 3,427,000 3,000,000 1,619,000 2,262,000 1,770,000-1,515,000 ก ,273, ,013,000 14,097,000 5,891, ,160, ,577,000 27,727,000 14,120,000 3,134,000 : ก, 2549

112 99 ก 6 ก ก ( : ) ก 15,586,000 3,306, ,000 ก 110,194,000 17,094,000 9,495, ,000 70,533,000 5,996, , ,000 ก ,490, ,000 2,379, ,568,000 8,392,000 2,189,000 1,047, ,541,000 1,387, ,293, , ,205,000 36,415,000 15,466,000 2,023,000 : ก, 2549

113 100 ก 6 ( ) ( : ) ก - 170, ก - - 1,500,000 - ก 8,567,000 3,852,000 1,462, ,000 8,532,000 5,238,000-1,296,000 ก ,573,000 3,027,000-39,147,000 9,630,000 18,940, ,160, ,000 6,969, ,000 56,246,000 31,343,000 31,898,000 2,160,000 : ก, 2549

114 101 ก 7 ก ก ( : ) - 196, ก 8,095,000 3,276,000 48,000 - ก 121,351,000 14,715,000 2,757, ,000 44,472,000 5,826, , ,000 ก ,537,000 2,070, , ,914,000 12,795,000 2,334,000 2,905, ,072,000 1,485, ,293, , ,734,000 40,363,000 7,069,000 3,900,000 : ก, 2549

115 102 ก 7 ( ) ( : ) ก - 2,040, ก ก 13,177,000 13,320,000 3,500,000 1,832,000 5,176,000 2,700, ก ,723, ,000-43,451,000 11,325,000 45,078, , ,160,000 4,900, ,000 61,804,000 38,448,000 54,339,000 2,264,000 : ก, 2549

116 103 ก 8 ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 483,650, ,706,197, ก ( ) 59,569, ,642,716, ก 91,903, ,001,094, ,122, ,350,007, : กก ก 9 ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 550,997, ,069,524, ก ( ) 59,838, ,510,251, ก 80,766, ,495, ,601, ,575,270, : กก

117 104 ก 10 ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 493,524, ,150,085, ก ( ) 59,938, ,305,336, ก 98,346, ,229, ,808, ,366,650, : กก ก 11 ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 295,443, ,214,406, ก ( ) 295,120, ,526,352, ก 102,158, ,026,459, ,721, ,767,217, : กก

118 105 ก 12 ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 289,559, ,925,731, ก ( ) 330,792, ,582,722, ก 30,406, ,735, ,757, ,405,190, : กก ก 13 ก ก ก SOV SOM ก 267,833, ,875,495, ก ( ) 383,973, ,936,402, ก 11,419, ,794, ,225, ,625,691, : กก

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