Population Ageing in Fishing Community: Gender Issues and Policy Concern

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1 INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY Population Ageing in Fishing Community: Gender Issues and Policy Concern Tengku Aizan Hamid, Jariah Masud Nik Mustapha Raja Abdullah, Ismail Abd Latif, and Zumilah Zainallaluddin Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, Selangor Malaysia

2 Outline of talk Malaysia s demographic scenario Population profile in the fishing industry Related policies Implications of the population profile. Conclusion

3 INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY Percent Increase in Population Aged 65 and Over: 2008 to 2040 Developing Countries Developed Countries Source: U.S Bureau, International Data Base

5 INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY Percent Increase in Population Aged 65 and Over: 2008 to 2040 Developing Countries Developed Countries Source: U.S Bureau, International Data Base

6 Ethnic Variations of the Aged (60+) in Malaysia, 1991, 2000 & % Malays 5.4 Chinese 7.6 Indian 5.4 Others 6.9 Total % Malays 5.6 Chinese 8.8 Indian 5.6 Others 4.6 Total % Malays 7.9 Chinese 14.4 Indian 10.4 Others 8.3 Total 9.5

8 Employed persons in fishing industry by sex & stratum, Malaysia, 2009 ( 000) Source: Dept. of Statistics, Malaysia (2009) Labour Force Survey Report

2000 Female 10 5 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54

9 Percentage distribution of female employed persons in fishing industry by age groups and years Female 2008 Female 2000 Female Source: Dept. of Statistics, Malaysia,Labour Force Survey Report

2000 Male 10 8 6 4 2 0 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44

10 Percentage distribution of male employed persons in fishing industry by age groups and year Male 2008 Male 2000 Male Source: Dept Statistics, Labour force survey

11 Age distribution of employed persons in fishing industry by state, Malaysia, % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: Dept. of Statistics, Malaysia (2003) Economic Characteristics of the Population

12 Number of fishermen in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak by age groups, 2007 Source: Fisheries Development Authority of Malaysia (2008) Fishermen Socio-economic and Household Data

13 Employed persons in fishing industry by state, Malaysia, 2000 Source: Dept. of Statistics, Malaysia (2003) Economic Characteristics of the Population

14 INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY Education level of fishers in traditional and commercial fishing Source: SENDI 2007

15 Mean number of children of fisher family Source: SENDI report, 2007

16 Percentage distribution of traditional and commercial fishing by age groups, Percent (%) unknown Age Group Commercial Traditional

17 Age Distribution of Employed Persons in Fishing Industry by Ethnicity, Malaysia, 2000 Source: Dept. of Statistics, Malaysia (2003) Economic Characteristics of the Population

18 Policies Related to Fishing Industry National Agriculture Policy, Maximize income through optimum use of resources National policy on sustainable food supply, National Agrofood, National Key Economic Area (NKEA)1,

19 National Agrofood Policy Increase income and supply of food Chapter on sustainable capture fishing Increase tonnage Increase commercial vessels Increase productivity of current vessels Management of fish resource Compliance with conduct of responsible fisheries Licensing of equipment Registration of fishers Rationalization of DOF and LKIM functions Development of human resource in deep sea fishing Management of infrastructure of fishing landings

20 Agriculture NKEA INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY Target:- Job creation- 74,000 jobs opportunities Increase income of farmers, 2-4 folds Enablers:- Providing incentives for anchor companies; Changing regulations and policies; Strengthening logistics infrastructures; Ensuring sufficient pipeline of human capital, and Strengthening the adoption of good agriculture practice

21 Implications of Population Profile INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY Labour force is ageing Address labour issues of different fishing sectors Poorly educated human resource Technology transfer Foreign labor Old age security

22 Conclusion INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY Policy is in place to revolutionise the industry But the basis of policy may not reflect the characteristics of the fisher folks Investing in the human capital Increase productivity

23 Conclusion Wholistic programme development in all sectors of the fishing industry Now focus on deep sea Not really fisher centered policy Development of gender and vulnerable group for financial security in old age Need for more population based data in the fishery sector

24 INSTITUTE OF GERONTOLOGY For Your Attention

Predictors of Financial Dependency in Old Age in Peninsular Malaysia: An Ethnicity Comparison

Predictors of Financial Dependency in Old Age in Peninsular Malaysia: An Ethnicity Comparison Benjamin Chan Yin Fah (Corresponding author) Research Associate Institute of Gerontology, Universiti Putra