Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia EARLY EFFECTS & CHALLENGES OF MINIMUM WAGES IN MALAYSIA: SHARING OF PRE & POST ECONOMIC & SOCIAL INDICATORS
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1 Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia MoHR EARLY EFFECTS & CHALLENGES OF MINIMUM WAGES IN MALAYSIA: SHARING OF PRE & POST ECONOMIC & SOCIAL INDICATORS by T. Shanmugam Secretary National Wages Consultative Council Malaysia at National Minimum Wage: Symposium & Policy Round Table Johannesburg, South Africa 2 4 February 2016
2 Outline of Presentation Part 1: Summary on Malaysia & Minimum Wages (MWs) in Malaysia Part 2: Economic Indicators (Pre & Post MWs)- a. Salaries & Wages b. Mean Wages c. Share of CE to GDP d. Unemployment Rate e. Labour Force Participation Rate f. Productivity Growth g. Poverty Line Income h. Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) i. Consumer Price Index j. Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) (k-n) Insolvent Companies, etc (o-s) Complaints, Claims, Trade Disputes, etc Part 3: Challenges of Implementing MWs in Malaysia Part 4: Summary Part 5: Conclusion Part 6: Moving Forward & Suggestions 2
3 Part 1: Summary on Malaysia (2015) Political System : Parliamentary Democracy with Constitutional Monarchy Economy : GDP: RM877.2 billion GDP Growth: 6.0% Unemployment rate: 3.0% Labour Force: 14.4 million Inflation Rate : 3.0% Per Capita Income : US$9,914 Climate: Tropical, annual monsoon Area: 330,290 km 2 Population : 30.6 million Capital : Kuala Lumpur Admin Capital : Putrajaya Official Language : Bahasa Malaysia Religion: Islam, Buddhist, Hindu & Christian Ethnic Groups: Malay, Chinese, Indians & Others 3
4 OBJECTIVES OF MINIMUM WAGES to ensure basic needs of workers and their families are met; to provide sufficient social protection to workers; Objectives to encourage industry to move up the value chain by investing in higher technology and increase labour productivity; and to reduce nation s dependence on unskilled foreign labour. 4
5 Summary on MWs in Malaysia 1. Minimum Wages (MWs) is basic wages. 2. MWs does not include allowances & value of non- monetary benefits. 3. Handholding employers throughout year MWs Order 2012 consists of: Commencement for non- micro employers on 1 January 2013 Non applicaron for DomesRc Worker Later commencement date for micro 1 July 2013 Reduced rate for probaroners ApplicaRon for deferment Clause for restructuring of wages (with consent) from union/workers 5. SMEs given blanket deferment in 2013 (for foreign workers only). RM900 (US$217) for Peninsular Malaysia RM800 (US$193) for states of East Malaysia 6. July GazeQe of addironal tax rebate for SMEs for addironal cost for payment of minimum wages in
6 MINIMUM WAGES FIXING CRITERIA CRITERIA JUSTIFICATION BASE CRITERIA ADJUSTMENT CRITERIA Poverty Line Income (PLI) Median Wage Changes in Consumer Price Index (CPI) Productivity Growth (P) Real Unemployment Rate (UE) Determine the basic needs of the worker and his / her family A point of reference for employers ability to pay An indicator to reflect changes of cost of living Re-aligning productivity growth with wage increase To ensure wage increase do not hamper the market ability to create and retain employment 6
7 MINIMUM WAGES FIXING FORMULA FOR MALAYSIA MW = Minimum Wages (RM) PLI = Poverty Line Income (RM) P = Productivity growth (%) CPI = Consumer Price Index (% change) UE = Real Unemployment Rate (%) = (Unemployment rate 4%) i = Region (Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak) 7
8 Part 2 : Economic Indicators (Pre & Post MWs) 8
9 (a) Salaries & Wages: Malaysia Ringgit Malaysia (RM) Malaysia Minimum Wages Source : Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) 9
10 (b) Mean Wages : Malaysia Ringgit Malaysia (RM) Source : Department of StaRsRcs Malaysia (DOSM) Minimum Wages
11 (c) Share of Compensation of Employees to GDP (%) : Malaysia (%) Minimum Wages Source : Department of StaRsRcs Malaysia (DOSM) and Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia 11
12 (d) Unemployment Rate : Malaysia (%) Minimum Wages Source : Department of StaRsRcs Malaysia (DOSM) 12
13 (e) Labour Force Participation Rate : Malaysia Minimum Wages Malaysia Source : Department of StaRsRcs, Malaysia (DOSM) 13
14 (f) Productivity Growth : Malaysia Minimum Wages Malaysia Source: Malaysian ProducRvity CorporaRon (MPC) 14
15 (g) Poverty Line Income : Malaysia Years Minimum Wages Ringgit Malaysia (RM) Source : Economic Planning Unit, Malaysia (EPU) 15
16 (h) Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) Malaysia s Gini coefficient series shows a clear downward trend in household income inequality from 2004 to In 2014, Income Inequality plunged to the lowest level which reflects a positive trend. Minimum Wages
17 (i) Consumer Price Index : Malaysia ( % ) Malaysia Malaysia Years Source : Department of StaRsRcs Malaysia (DOSM) Minimum Wages
18 (j) Foreign Direct Investment : Malaysia Ringgit Malaysia (RM) Million Minimum Wages Malaysia Source : Department of StaRsRcs Malaysia (DOSM) 18
19 (k) Insolvent Companies : Malaysia Minimum Wages Source: Department of Insolvency 19
20 (L) New Foreign Company Registered : Malaysia Total Minimum Wages Source: Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) 20
21 (m) New Local Companies Registered : Malaysia ,144 45,408 45,366 46, Minimum Wages Source: Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) 21
22 (n) Companies Closed Operation & Left Malaysia Total 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 20,121 20,380 18,161 26, Minimum Wages Source: Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) 22
23 (o) Complaints Relating to Minimum Wages (2014 & 2015) No. of Complaints Filed Reduced by % Year Source : Secretariat, NWCC 23
24 (p) Claims Relating to Minimum Wages at Labour Court (2014 & 2015) No. of Claims Filed Reduced by % Year Source : Secretariat, NWCC 24
25 (q) Trade Dispute Cases Relating to Minimum Wages (2014 & 2015) No. of Cases Filed Year Reduced by % Source : Secretariat, NWCC 25
26 (r) Minimum Wages Statutory Inspection (2014 & 2015) No. of Companies % complied % not complied No. of InspecRon No. of Compliance No. of Non- Compliance Source : Secretariat, NWCC 26
27 (s) Prosecutions Relating to Minimum Wages (2014 & 2015) Source : Secretariat, NWCC 27
28 Part 3: Challenges of Implementing MWs in Malaysia 1. MWs for micro employers. 2. Separate MWs for foreign workers. 3. MWs for disabled workers. 4. MWs for workers in Non- Profit EnRRes (NPEs), Welfare Homes and Senior CiRzen. 5. MWs for hotel service charge components. 6. MWs for workers in privarzed government contracts. 7. MWs increases cost of labour for employers. 8. MWs is too low from Workers point of view! 9. MWs is too high from Employers point of view! 10. MWs should also apply equally to DomesRc Workers! 28
29 Part 4: Summary PosiRve Vibes: Increase in Wages & Salaries; Increase in Mean Wages; Increase in CE share to GDP; Reduced Unemployment Rate; Increase in LFPR; Increase in ProducSvity growth; Increase in PLI; Reduced Gini Coefficient Indices; Lesser number of companies become Insolvent; Increase in number of local companies RegistraSon; Reducing trend of complaints, claims from Workers and etc. NegaRve Vibes: CPI increased; FDI reduced; Drop in registrason of foreign companies; Increase in companies closing down and leaving Malaysia. cont. 29
30 Part 5: Conclusion 1. MWs is to transform the Malaysian Economy / Labour Market by MWs is srll new in Malaysia beginning January Challenges and hiccups are inevitable addressed in triparrte manner. 4. Short term effect higher cost of doing business. 5. Long term effect will augment in transforming the economy. cont. 30
31 Conclusion (cont ) 6. Government of Malaysia is commiqed to ensure success of the MWs policy- taking stock of exisrng triparrte arrangements in Malaysia. 7. SMEs (including micro employers) need to revisit their business model/ wage structure. 8. No significant negarve effect of 2012 MWs Order & 2017? - Global Economic gloom?; depreciaron of Ringgit Malaysia (RM) against US Dollars (US$)?; China s economy slowdown and DepreciaRon of oil price in world market? 31
32 Part 6: Moving Forward & Suggestions 1. REVIEW OF THE MWO 2012: January 2016 Completed review of 2012 MWs New Order expected by March 2016 to take effect on 1 July New MW rate (pending GazeQe soon): (i) From RM900 (US$217) in Peninsular Malaysia to RM1,000 (US$241) (11% increase) and from RM800 (US$193) in East Malaysia to RM920/ (US$222) (15% increase). (ii) Removal of deferment applicaron clause; clause on reduced rate for probaroners and clause on restructuring of wages. (iii) DomesRc workers remain excluded. (iv) Introduced MW for piece rated, task work, trip, commission and tonnage based paid employees. 32
33 cont Part 6: Moving Forward & Suggestions 2. Success of MWs policy lies in effecrve enforcement. 3. Capacity building of enforcement officers. 4. Increase in number of enforcement officers. 5. Get professional / External advice (i.e. World Bank / ILO etc) 6. No one size fits all model on Minimum Wages. 7. Advisable to adopt a balanced approach for first Rme implementaron. 8. MWs should be based on empirical data and reality of economic indicators. 33
34 Minimum wages is here to stay for good and there is no turning back Commitment by Hon. Richard Riot Anak Jaem Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia Commitment b THANK YOU add.: shan@mohr.gov.my on 25 June
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