I. OECD. II. World Bank Group

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1 This Glossary is organized alphabetical by section, with the exception of Development Statistics & Goals. Please click on a section below I. OECD DEFINITIONS By WBG entity: World Bank (IBRD & IDA) Donor and Beneficiary View terminology as set IFC out by OECD-DAC MIGA II. World Bank Group DEFINITIONS By WBG entity: World Bank (IBRD & IDA) By WBG entity: World Bank (IBRD & IDA) IFC MIGA World Bank Group Development Statistics and Goals: Click here for Trust Fund Definitions III. Asian Development Bank DEFINITIONS: IV. Inter American Development Bank DEFINITIONS: AidFlows Acronyms: 1

2 OECD OECD DEFINITIONS: Bilateral ODA Commitment Country Programmable Aid (CPA) Bilateral transactions are those undertaken by a donor country directly with an aid recipient. They also include transactions with national and international non-government organizations active in development and other internal development-related transactions such as interest subsidies, spending on promotion of development awareness and administrative costs. Bilateral ODA includes project and programme aid, technical cooperation, developmental food aid, debt relief and humanitarian aid. A firm obligation, expressed in writing and backed by the necessary funds, undertaken by an official donor to provide specified assistance to a recipient country or a multilateral organisation. Bilateral commitments are recorded in the full amount of expected transfer, irrespective of the time required for the completion of disbursements. Commitments to multilateral organisations are reported as the sum of (i) any disbursements in the year reported on which have not previously been notified as commitments and (ii) expected disbursements in the following year. Country Programmable Aid (CPA) is the portion of aid donors programme at country/regional level. It is closer to capturing actual aid flows to countries than the concept of Official Development Assistance (ODA), and has been proven a good proxy for aid recorded at country level. CPA is defined through exclusions, by subtracting from total gross bilateral ODA activities that: (i) are inherently unpredictable (humanitarian aid and debt relief) (ii) entail no cross-border flows (administrative costs, imputed student costs, promotion of development awareness, and costs related to research and refugees in donor countries) (iii) do not form part of co-operation agreements between governments (food aid, aid from local governments, core funding to NGOs, ODA equity investments, aid through secondary agencies, and aid which is not allocable by country or region) Constant Dollars In DAC publications, flow data are expressed in US dollars (USD). To give a truer idea of the volume of flows over time, data can be presented in constant prices and exchange rates, with a reference year specified. This means that adjustment has been made to cover both inflation in the donor s currency between the year in question and the reference year, and changes in the exchange rate between that currency and the United States dollar over the same period. The DAC has developed deflators for resource flows that convert data in current dollars (i.e. using the exchange rates prevailing in the year of the flow) to data in constant dollars (i.e. to dollars with 2

3 OECD the purchasing power they had in a recent reference year). The methodology is explained on the OECD s website. The OECD section of the of AidFlows contains data stated in constant US dollars with the exception of the two graphs in the tab "ODA as % of GNI & per Capita" which are in current dollars as as percentages, the current/constant distinction is irrelevant. Development Assistance Committee (DAC): DAC Members DAC-EU Members Development Assistance Committee (DAC) is the specialized committee of the OECD that serves as a forum for discussions on aid and development among the main Western aid donors. It comprises 28 countries and the European Commission (EC). For the purpose of data reporting, the EC is not included. Apart from DAC members, many non-dac countries report to the OECD on their development finance flows. The DAC has 29 DAC members: 1. Australia 2. Austria 3. Belgium 4. Canada 5. The Czech Republic 6. Denmark 7. Finland 8. France 9. Germany 10. Greece 11. Iceland 12. Ireland 13. Italy 14. Japan 15. Korea 16. Luxembourg 17. The Netherlands 18. New Zealand 19. Norway 20. Poland 21. Portugal 22. Slovak Republic 23. Slovenia 24. Spain 25. Sweden 26. Switzerland 27. United Kingdom 28. United States 29. European Union Institutions The 19 members of the European Union that are also members of 3

4 OECD the DAC. This set of countries does not include the entire membership of the European Union. Debt Relief Disbursement European Union G7 G8 Gross National Income (GNI) Multilateral ODA Multilateral ODA: Other Agencies Multilateral outflows Includes total debt forgiveness and other action on debt such as debt conversion and debt buybacks. The release of funds to or the purchase of goods or services for a recipient; by extension, the amount thus spent. Disbursements record the actual international transfer of financial resources, or of goods or services valued at the cost to the donor. In the case of activities carried out in donor countries, such as training, administration or public awareness programmes, disbursement is taken to have occurred when the funds have been transferred to the service provider or the recipient. They may be recorded gross (the total amount disbursed over a given accounting period) or net (the gross amount less any repayments of loan principal or recoveries on grants received during the same period). It can take several years to disburse a commitment. Note: The data referred to under European Union are calculated as a sum of available data for EU countries. Note: The data referred to under G7 are calculated as a sum of available data for G7 countries. Note: The data referred to under G8 are calculated as a sum of available data for G8 countries. Gross National Income (GNI): previously known as Gross National Product (GNP), Gross National Income comprises the total value of goods and services produced within a country (i.e. its Gross Domestic Product), together with its income received from other countries (notably interest and dividends), less similar payments made to other countries. Multilateral contributions made by a donor to a recipient institution which: 1. conducts all or part of its activities in favor of development; 2. is an international agency, institution or organization whose members are governments, or a fund managed autonomously by such an agency; and 3. pools contributions so that they lose their identity and become an integral part of its financial assets. Other Agencies refer to Multilateral Development Banks, UN Agencies and other organizations such as the GFATM. As opposed to multilateral ODA (those flows from bilateral 4

5 OECD providers of development co-operation to core resources of a multilateral organisation), multilateral outflows is the spending by multilateral organisations of their core resources. These data are collected by the OECD in order to provide a more detailed picture of the geographical and sectoral allocation of funds going to recipient countries. Net Debt Relief Grants Official Development Assistance (ODA) Includes debt forgiveness, other action on debt, and offsetting entries for forgiven debt. Rescheduled loans are not included. Official Development Assistance (ODA) is defined as those flows to developing countries on the DAC List of ODA Recipients and to multilateral development institutions which are: 1. provided by official agencies, including state and local governments, or by their executive agencies; 2. and each transaction of which: a. is administered with the promotion of the economic development and welfare of developing countries as its main objective; and b. is concessional in character and conveys a grant element of at least 25 per cent (calculated at a rate of discount of 10 percent per annum). ODA data in this report are based on net disbursements in current US dollars (Table DAC1). Other Multilaterals Recipient institutions Sector Allocable Aid World Bank In this report, comprise UN agencies, European Commission (EC), Montreal Protocol (MP), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Regional Development Banks (RDBs), and other recipient institutions as defined above. The Global Fund to Fight Aids, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (GFATM) reported in Bilateral ODA. Multilateral agencies such as UN agencies, EC development agencies, IDA, GEF, Regional Development Banks, etc. As only a portion of aid can be allocated to sectors, when measuring shares of aid to specific sectors it is recommended to limit the denominator to aid that can be apportioned. Otherwise there is an implicit assumption that none of the aid unallocable by sector benefits the specific sectors under review. Sector allocable contributions cover sectors 100 to 400 or purpose codes to of the list. Contributions not subject to allocation include general budget support, actions related to debt, humanitarian aid and internal transactions in the donor country. Comprises International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 5

6 OECD (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC). (In World Bank terminology, the four listed institutions comprise the World Bank Group, and the term World Bank applies to IBRD or IBRD and IDA together.) 6

7 World Bank Group WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS: Fiscal year July 1 to June 30 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Development Association (IDA) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) makes loans and grants and provides analytical and advisory services to middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries, promoting sustainable development to reduce poverty. IDA generally provides interest-free loans ( credits ) and grants to the poorest developing countries in order to boost their economic growth and improve living conditions. IDA complements the World Bank's other lending arm - the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). IFC promotes private sector investment in client countries. ICSID settles investment disputes between foreign investors and their host countries. MIGA provides political risk insurance (guarantees) to investors and lenders in client countries. 7

8 World Bank Group WORLD BANK (IBRD & IDA) DEFINITIONS Donor View Definitions: Amounts Paid-in see note on Contributions Paid-in Amounts Subject to Call (IBRD) Contributions Contributions Paid-In The subscription of each member is in two parts: paid-in and subject to call. The callable portion may be called by IBRD only as needed to meet its bond and guarantee obligations. Funds provided or to be provided based on the basis of a signed agreement between Donor(s) and IDA or the Bank (as trustee/ administrator for the trust fund). Amount of Contribution received by the Bank in the form of Cash or Promissory Notes. All contributions paid-in (cash and promissory notes, net of certain discounts) are reported based on historical values using the date of receipt. For cash receipts, the Foreign Exchange value is posted when the FX conversion has been effected. For trust funds, Contributions paid-in may include Contribution transfers from other trust funds. Where applicable, transfer amounts are footnoted on a cumulative basis; and in presentation of the total contribution amount net of transfers between trust funds by fiscal year. For FIFs, contributions-paid in may include transfers to or from other funds. Minor double counting may occur. Donor Donor Agency (under All Funds tab) Financial Intermediary Funds (FIFs) Any entity including sovereign governments, intergovernmental institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit organizations that contributes funds to IDA or to be held in trust by IBRD. A World Bank Group entity is considered a donor when making a contribution from its own income or from surplus. Refers to the Government Agency (if applicable) from which the donor contribution is received Trust funds that involve financial engineering or complex financial mechanisms, or where the Bank provides a specified set of administrative, financial, or operational services. Fiscal year July 1 to June 30 Fund (under all Funds tab) IDA and GEF Replenishment Refer to the Trust Fund program as recorded in the WBG systems The value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment at 8

9 World Bank Group data (Historical US$ M) IDA Replenishments the agreed exchange rate. The process of periodic review of the adequacy of IDA resources and authorization of additional subscriptions. Under IDA's Board of Governors, Replenishments require approval by a two-thirds majority of the total voting power. IDA Replenishment data (Historical US$ M and Basic Share %) - amounts show the value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment agreed exchange rate. Basic Share % represents donor basic burdenshare for IDA replenishments. Supplemental amounts are any amounts contributed beyond the amount of the basic burdenshare. ID00 = Initial Subscription for Membership FY84 = FY84 account (special contributions provided in FY84) SPLF = Special Facility Fund (special contributions provided in FY84) SFA = Special Facility (special contributions provided in FY86-88 for the African Facility Fund) INTF = Interim Trust Fund - First year of IDA11 (FY97) MDRI = Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative GEF Replenishments GEF Replenishment data (Historical US$ M and Basic Share %) - amounts show the value of contributions using the corresponding Replenishment agreed exchange rate. Basic Share % represents donor basic burdenshare for GEF replenishments. Contributions to the GEF Pilot Phase (GF00) and contributions from recipient donors are not structured based on burden-sharing and therefore basic shares are not applicable. GF00 = GEF Pilot Phase GF01 = First Replenishment of the GEF GF02 = Second Replenishment of the GEF GF03 = Third Replenishment of the GEF GF04 = Fourth Replenishment of the GEF GF05= Fifth Replenishment of the GEF Grant Grant Types Funds made available to an external recipient or the Bank for implementation of development activities that carry no repayment obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are included in Commitment figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts are not included in Outstanding Balances considering that grant funds disbursed are not repayable. The World Bank has three types of grants: i)stand-alone; ii) Co-financing - Funding provided to supplement IBRD/IDA loans, 9

10 World Bank Group credits, grants, or guarantees provided for a particular project or program iii) Debt Service Outstanding Contributions Promissory Note Ranking Recipient Executed Trust Fund Subscribed Amounts (IBRD, IFC, MIGA) Trust Fund Amount of the Contribution yet to be paid-in. A promise to pay which is irrevocable and legally binding. Promissory notes are payable on demand, can be paid in accordance with agreed schedules, and are non-interest bearing. Rank in descending order of members with respect to % of Voting Power. Recipient Executed Trust Funds are used to prepare and co-finance IBRD/IDA projects, GEF projects and to fully finance other Recipient Executed (RE) Projects. The Bank introduced the RE Product Line in June 2006 as a step among others towards enhanced recording of deliverables and cost relating to such recipient executed, trust fund financed, projects. Amount of shares allocated or authorized under a specific Board of Governors resolution, and issued to members. A financing arrangement set up with contributions from one or more donors and in some cases from a World Bank Group entity. A Trust Fund can be country specific, regional, or global in its geographic scope; it can be free-standing, i.e., financing a set of pre-defined activities, or it can be on a programmatic basis. Trust Fund data (Donor view only) includes all TF types but excludes Externally Funded Outputs (EFOs) and ICSID trust funds. Trust Fund data in the Beneficiary view includes only Recipient Executed Trust Funds. Trustee (column under All Funds tab) The World Bank Unsubscribed Shares (%) (IBRD, IFC, MIGA) Unsubscribed Voting Power (%) (IBRD) Voting Power (IBRD, IFC, MIGA) Refers to the TF number used in the World Bank system to identify the account to which contributions are received from donors. The World Bank or the Bank generally refers to IBRD or IBRD and IDA together. % of shares not allocated or authorized to a member under a specific Board of Governors resolution. See unsubscribed shares. Each shareholder is allocated a certain number of votes linked to the size of its shareholding. The votes include a specified number of 10

11 World Bank Group membership votes (which is the same for all members) and additional votes based on the number of shares held. The number of votes of a member expressed as a percentage of the total number of votes held by all shareholders is the member s voting power. Voting Power (IDA) IDA's voting rights consist of a combination of membership and subscription votes. Voting rights accorded to IDA members are based on participation in the initial subscription and subsequent replenishments. All members -- Part I and Part II -- have the same number of membership votes. Voting rights accorded to IDA members are based on subscriptions and contributions. Subscription votes are calculated at a specific cost per vote for each replenishment and are dependent on each members' subscription amount. Additional votes are provided to members who contribute to the replenishment. WORLD BANK (IBRD & IDA) DEFINITIONS Beneficiary View Definitions: Disbursements (by fiscal year) Principal outflow in the course of the fiscal year. Donor Any entity including sovereign governments, intergovernmental institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit organizations that contributes funds to IDA or to be held in trust by IBRD. A World Bank Group entity is considered a donor when making a contribution from its own income or from surplus. Fiscal year July 1 to June 30 Grant Gross Commitments (by fiscal year) Funds made available to an external recipient or the Bank for implementation of development activities that carry no repayment obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. Grant amounts are included in Commitment figures and Disbursements. Grant amounts are not included in Outstanding Balances considering that grant funds disbursed are not repayable. Total amount of loan and grant approvals by the Executive Directors of the World Bank in the course of a fiscal year. Amounts include guarantees approved by the Board of Directors during the fiscal year. 11

12 World Bank Group IBRD/IDA TF Co-financed IBRD/IDA TF Disbursements An arrangement under which funds provided by third parties (the cofinancier(s)) are associated with IBRD/IDA funds or guarantees provided for a particular project or program. Disbursements made under an IBRD/IDA Trust Fund Program: A set of Trust Fund(s) with shared development objective(s) established under a common governance set-up. Number of IBRD/IDA & TF Projects Outstanding Balances Undisbursed Commitments (as of a fiscal year-end) World Bank The total number of grants approved in the course of a fiscal year. Stock amount of the cumulative principal disbursements to clients, which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. IDA grant amounts are not included. Stock amount available for disbursement at fiscal year-end. Amounts do not include guarantees. For IDA, undisbursed grant amounts and PPA (Project Preparation Facility) are included. The World Bank or the Bank generally refers to IBRD or IBRD and IDA together. WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS IFC Definitions: B-loans Loans for which IFC is lender of record and in which commercial banks or other financial institutions acquire participations. Participants share risks with IFC, Pari Passu. IFC will originate loan for account of participants only when it makes A-Loan for its own account. Interest, or participation, of banks in B-loan is always non-recourse to IFC. Disbursement Principal outflow from IFC to a client, in accordance with the Investment Agreement. Fiscal year July 1 to June 30 Gross Commitments (by fiscal year) Amount of the legal obligations, entered into by IFC in the course of a fiscal year, to provide financial products to IFC clients, including the amount related to any B-loans. 12

13 World Bank Group Investment Agreement Outstanding Balances For Loans For Equity For Guarantee Undisbursed Commitments (as of a fiscal year-end) Set of legal documents defining contractual rights and obligations between IFC and a client related to the provision of Financial Products, including Restructuring and Rescheduling agreements. Stock amount of disbursements to clients, which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. Outstanding balances are IFC s exposure to a client (not including B-loans), calculated according to product, as follows: Cumulative principal disbursements from IFC to a client in accordance with the Investment Agreement, net of Sales, Transfers, Repayments, Prepayments, Discounts, Write-Off - External, Write-Off - Internal, Conversions, and Capitalizations. Amounts paid for Purchased Loan - IFC and Notional Disbursements are included. Cumulative principal disbursements from IFC to a client, in accordance with the Investment Agreement, net of Sales, Transfers, Write-Off - External, Write-Off - Internal, Conversions, and receipts from oil-related Unincorporated Joint Ventures (UJV) (which will reduce the amount until the balance for the project is zero). IFC s contingent financial obligation, based on a client's underlying outstanding financial obligation to the guaranteed party. Stock amount (net of cancellations and excluding B-loans) available for disbursement to, or execution for or with, a client, in accordance with IFC s current legal obligation at fiscal year-end. WORLD BANK GROUP DEFINITIONS: MIGA Definitions: Gross Exposure Net Exposure The maximum amount of MIGA's contingent liability that it may be obligated to pay in the event of claims under its insurance contracts. Gross Exposure, less amounts that have been ceded to the reinsurers. Fiscal year July 1 to June 30 Gross Guarantees Issued Net Guarantees Issued Undisbursed Commitments (as of a fiscal year-end) The amount of insurance contracts underwritten during the fiscal year. Gross Guarantees issued, less amounts that have been ceded to the reinsurers. In the MIGA context, this term refers to Gross Exposure. Because the other World Bank Group entities are included in this graph, more general terminology was selected for the title in order to capture a 13

14 World Bank Group degree of similarity across the Group. The amounts shown for MIGA and the other WBG entities are not directly comparable due to differing meanings for commitment across the entities. For any given country view, the Undisbursed Commitments shown refers to Net Exposure; At the institutional level, the Undisbursed Commitments shown refer to Gross Exposure. Trust Fund Definitions: Administration Agreement Bank-Executed Trust Funds Cash contributions Commitments Agreement between the Bank and a donor specifying a Trust Fund s purposes and scope of activities. An administration agreement also defines the nature of the Bank s relationship with the donor and spells out, among other things, the arrangements governing the use of funds, progress and financial reporting, cost recovery fee, auditing, and disclosure of information. Trust Funds that support the Bank s work program. Amount of contributions received by the Bank in the form of cash (including encashment of Promissory Notes). Approval of financing for project(s) or activity(ies). Disbursement Grant Commitments Gross Commitments by fiscal year Undisbursed Commitments as of a fiscal year-end The amount of grant funds committed in the course of a fiscal year. Total amount of financing for project(s) or activity(ies) approved by fiscal year. Total amount of financing for project(s) or activity(ies) approved net of cancellations, disbursements and transfers made. Payment made out of a Trust Fund account to eligible recipients, in accordance with the Administration Agreement, not including transfers from one Trust Fund to another. For FIFs, disbursements refer to transfers to recipients approved by the governing body. Donor Any entity, including sovereign governments, intergovernmental institutions, private nonprofit entities, and private for-profit organizations, that makes funds available to be held in trust by IBRD. An entity of the World Bank Group is considered a donor when 14

15 World Bank Group Fiscal year July 1 to June 30 contributing to trust funds from its own net income or surplus. Grant Funds provided from a trust fund to an external recipient or the Bank for implementation of trust-funded activities that carry no repayment obligation when utilized for the agreed activities. The external recipient agrees to implement the grant activities by signing a grant agreement. Grant Agreement IBRD/IDA TF Co-financed IBRD/IDA TF Disbursements Number of IBRD/IDA & TF Projects Outstanding Balances Promissory note Recipient Recipient-Executed Trust Fund Agreement between the Bank and an external recipient of a trust fund, which governs the use of the donor s grant. The agreement spells out the respective responsibilities of the Bank and the recipient. An arrangement under which funds provided by third parties [the cofinancier(s)] are associated with IBRD/IDA funds or guarantees provided for a particular project or program. Disbursement made under an IBRD/IDA Trust Fund TF Program: A set of Trust Fund(s) with shared development objective(s) established under a common governance set-up. The total number of grants approved in the course of a fiscal year. A grant is considered approved when the World Bank Program Manager (or donor in rare cases) clears the Grant Funding Request. Stock amount of disbursements to clients, which remains outstanding at fiscal year-end. Amounts disbursed as grants as not considered in outstanding amounts by their nature as grants. A document containing a promise to pay which is irrevocable and legally binding. Promissory notes are payable on demand, in accordance with agreed schedules, and are non-interest bearing. Any entity that receives Trust Fund monies, including governmental, quasi-governmental, nongovernmental, or private institutions. The Bank may itself be the recipient of a Trust Fund in support of Bank activities. A Trust Fund Grant that is provided to a third party under a grant agreement, and for which the Bank plays an operational role i.e., the Bank normally appraises and supervises activities financed by these funds. 15

16 World Bank Group Stand-alone TF project Trust Fund (TF) A project financed exclusively by a Trust Fund. A financing arrangement in support of defined development objective(s) set up with contributions from one or more donors, and in some cases from an entity of the World Bank Group. A Trust Fund can be country specific, regional, or global in its geographic scope; it can be freestanding, i.e., financing a set of pre-defined activities, or on a programmatic basis. Trust Fund data (Donor view only) includes all TF types but excludes Externally Funded Outputs (EFOs) and ICSID trust funds. Trust Fund data in the Beneficiary view includes only Recipient Executed Trust Funds, Carbon Funds, and co-financing portion of IBRD/IDA lending. 16

17 World Bank Group Development Statistics and Goals: Beneficiary Key Development Indicators Millennium Development Goals GNI per capita Recipient of funds or other benefits. Selected indicators from among the primary World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially-recognized international sources. They present the most current and accurate global development data available, and include national, regional and global estimates. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that all 192 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year They include eradicating extreme poverty, reducing child mortality rates, fighting disease epidemics such as AIDS, and developing a global partnership for development. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. 17

18 World Bank Group Surface area Population ages 15 to 64 Population growth Urban population (% of total) GNI, Atlas method (current US$) Surface area is a country's total area, including areas under inland bodies of water and some coastal waterways. Source Food and Agriculture Organization. Population ages 15 to 64 is the total population that is in the age group 15 to 64. Population is based on the de facto definition of population. Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage. Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship--except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of origin. Source Derived from total population. Population source: (1) United Nations Population Division World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. It is calculated using World Bank population estimates and urban ratios from the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects. Source United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects. GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current U.S. dollars. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include 18

19 World Bank Group GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) GDP growth (annual %) the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. GNI per capita (formerly GNP per capita) is the gross national income, converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies, although an alternative rate is used when the official exchange rate is judged to diverge by an exceptionally large margin from the rate actually applied in international transactions. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, a special Atlas method of conversion is used by the World Bank. This applies a conversion factor that averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country, and through 2000, the G-5 countries (France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States). From 2001, these countries include the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. GNI per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GNI is gross national income (GNI) converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GNI as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Data are in current international dollars. Source World Bank, International Comparison Program database Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or 19

20 World Bank Group Poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day (PPP) (% of population) Poverty gap at national poverty line Life expectancy at birth, total (years) Infant Mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Malnutrition prevalence (% of children under 5) for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Source World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. Population below $1.25 a day is the percentage of the population living on less than $1.25 a day at 2005 international prices. As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions. Note: Data showing as 2.0 signifies a poverty rate of less than 2.0 percent. Source World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. Poverty gap at national poverty line is the mean shortfall from the poverty line (counting the nonpoor as having zero shortfall) as a percentage of the poverty line. This measure reflects the depth of poverty as well as its incidence. Source World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on World Bank's country poverty assessments and country Poverty Reduction Strategies. Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. Source Derived from male and female life expectancy at birth. Male and female life expectancy source: (1) United Nations Population Division World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision. New York, United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affair Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. Source Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UNPD, universities and research institutions). Prevalence of child malnutrition is the percentage of children under age 5 whose weight for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months. The data are based on the WHO's new child growth standards released in

21 World Bank Group Literacy rate, adult male (% of males ages 15 and above) Literacy rate, adult female (% of females ages 15 and above) School enrollment, primary, female (% gross) School enrollment, primary, male (% gross) Improved water source (% of population with access) Source World Health Organization, Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people ages 15 and above who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved source, such as a household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection. Unimproved sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling. Source World Health Organization and United Nations Children's 21

22 World Bank Group Improved sanitation facilities (% of population with access) Share of income or consumption to the poorest quintile School enrollment, primary (% net) Primary completion rate, total (% of relevant age group) School enrollment, secondary (% gross) Fund, Joint Measurement Programme (JMP) ( Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with excreta. Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to flush toilets with a sewerage connection. To be effective, facilities must be correctly constructed and properly maintained. Source World Health Organization and United Nations Children's Fund, Joint Measurement Programme (JMP) ( Percentage share of income or consumption is the share that accrues to subgroups of population indicated by deciles or quintiles. Source World Bank, Development Research Group. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income economies are from the Luxembourg Income Study database. Net enrollment ratio is the ratio of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 who are enrolled in school to the population of the corresponding official school age. Primary education provides children with basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography, natural science, social science, art, and music. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Primary completion rate is the percentage of students completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated by taking the total number of students in the last grade of primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade, divided by the total number of children of official graduation age. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Gross enrollment ratio is the ratio of total enrollment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education shown. Secondary education completes the 22

23 World Bank Group provision of basic education that began at the primary level, and aims at laying the foundations for lifelong learning and human development, by offering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers. Youth Literacy rate, total (% of people ages 15-24) Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people ages who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) Women employed in the nonagricultural sector (% of nonagricultural employment) Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education is the percentage of girls to boys enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and private schools. Source United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics. Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector is the share of female workers in the nonagricultural sector (industry and services), expressed as a percentage of total employment in the nonagricultural sector. Industry includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, electricity, gas, and water, corresponding to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories C-F (ISIC revision 3). Services include wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social, and personal servicescorresponding to divisions 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3). Source International Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the Labour Market database. Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (%) Under-5 mortality rate Women in parliaments are the percentage of parliamentary seats in a single or lower chamber held by women. Source United Nations, Women's Indicators and Statistics database ( Under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn 23

24 World Bank Group baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to current agespecific mortality rates. Measles immunization (% of 1 year olds immunized) Maternal Mortality Ratio Births attended by skilled health staff (% of total) Contraceptive Prevalence Prevalence of HIV, (% of total population ages 15-49) Incidence of Tuberculosis (per 100,000 people) Source Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UNPD, universities and research institutions). Child immunization measures the percentage of children ages months who received vaccinations before 12 months or at any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately immunized against measles after receiving one dose of vaccine. Source: WHO and UNICEF ( Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000 live births. The data are estimated with a regression model using information on fertility, birth attendants, and HIV prevalence. Source Maternal Mortality: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank. Births attended by skilled health staff are the percentage of deliveries attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns. Source UNICEF, State of the World's Children, Childinfo, and Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International. Contraceptive prevalence rate is the percentage of women who are practicing, or whose sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception. It is usually measured for married women ages only. Source Household surveys, including Demographic and Health Surveys by Macro International and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys by UNICEF. Prevalence of HIV refers to the percentage of people ages who are infected with HIV. Source UNAIDS and the WHO's Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated number of new pulmonary, smear positive, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases. 24

25 World Bank Group Forest area (% of land area) Source World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Control Report. Forest area is land under natural or planted stands of trees of at least 5 meters in situ, whether productive or not, and excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems (for example, in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems) and trees in urban parks and gardens. Terrestrial protected areas (% of total surface area) Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic files and web site. Terrestrial protected areas are those officially documented by national authorities. Source United Nations Environmental Program and the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as compiled by the World Resources Institute, based on data from national authorities, national legislation and international agreements. CO2 Emissions (metric tons per capita) Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring. GDP per unit of energy use (constant 2005 PPP $ per kg of oil equivalent) Source Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, United States. GDP per unit of energy use is the PPP GDP per kilogram of oil equivalent of energy use. PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to 2005 constant international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as a U.S. dollar has in the United States. Source International Energy Agency, and World Bank PPP data. Telephone mainlines per 100 people Telephone lines are fixed telephone lines that connect a subscriber's terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network and that have a port on a telephone exchange. Integrated services digital network channels and fixed wireless subscribers are included. Note: Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for thirdparty use of these data. Source International Telecommunication Union, World 25

26 World Bank Group Mobile Phone Subscriptions per 100 people Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates. Mobile cellular telephone subscriptions are subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology, which provide access to the public switched telephone network. Post-paid and prepaid subscriptions are included. Note: Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these data. Internet Users per 100 people Source International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates. Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. Note: Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these data. Personal Computers per 100 people Source International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates Personal computers are self-contained computers designed to be used by a single individual. Note: Please cite the International Telecommunication Union for third-party use of these data. Source International Telecommunication Union, World Telecommunication Development Report and database, and World Bank estimates 26