THAILAND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 2003

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1 THAILAND DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 2003

2 Table 1. Population 1.1 Number of Population Table 1 Number of Population by Sex : Population Structure Table 2 Percentage of Population by Age Group and Sex : Population Characteristic Table 3 Age Structure of Population by Sex : Growth Rate Table 4 Growth Rate : Reproductive Health 2.1 Fertility Table 5 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) : Contraception Table 6 Percentage of Contraceptive Use By Method : 1990 and Mortality 3.1 Expectation of Life at Birth Table 7 Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex : Morbidity and Mortality Infant and Child Mortality Table 8 Infant Mortality Rates (< 1 Year) and Child Mortality Rates (1-4 Years) : Maternal Death Table 9 Maternal Death Rates : Death with Infectious Disease Tuberculosis Table 10 Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis : Malaria Table 11 Prevalence and Death Rates with Malaria : AIDS Table 12 Prevalence Rates with AIDS among population aged year old:

3 Table 13 Proportion HIV/AIDS of Prevalence of Pregnant Woman : Nutrition 4.1 Malnutrition Table 14 Proportion of Children under 5 Suffering from Malnutrition : Calories per Day Table 15 Average Daily per Capita Calorie Consumption : Immunization 5.1 Measles Table 16 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against Measles : DPT Table 17 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis): Healthy 6.1 Safe Drinking Water Table 18 Percentage of Households with Safe Drinking Water by Area : Sanitation Table 19 Percentage of Households with Sanitation by Area : Risk Behaviour Table 20 Risk Behaviour of Health and 2001 Table 21 Percentage of Population Who Exercise or Playing Sport : Labor Force 8.1 Labor Force Participation Table 22 Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex : Unemployment Rates Unemployment of Population Table 23 Unemployment Rates by Sex : Unemployment of years old

4 Table 24 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter 1 Table 25 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter Employment by Sector Table 26 Employment Proportions by Sector : Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-Agricultural Sector Table 27 Proportion of Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-agricultural Sector : Proportion of Children Aged Less than 15 Who are Working Table 28 Proportion of Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-agricultural Sector : Home Worker Table 29 Number of Home Work Aged 15 Years and Over : 1999 and Labor Force Market Table 30 Number of Employed Persons by Area and Labor Force Market: Education 9.1 Educational Budget Table 31 Public Current Expenditure per GDP: Sex Ratio by Educational Attendance Table 32 Sex Ratio by Educational Attendance: Literacy Table 33 Literacy Rate Years Old and 15 Years and over: Table 34 Sex Ratio of Literate: Other Social Indicators 10.1 Gender Table 35 Percentage of Seats in Parliament, Held by Women: Housing Electric Lighting Table 36 Percentage of Household Use Electricity: Secure Tenure Table 37 Percentage of Household with Secure Tenure: Access of Information Technology

5 Table 38 Ratio of Telephone and Mobile Phone for Population: Table 39 Information Technology Indicators 11. Environment and Energy 11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions Table 40 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita : Forest Area Table 41 Percentage of Forest Area per Total Area : Protected Area Table 42 Proportion of Protected Area per Total Area : Energy Table 43 Energy Use per GDP at 1988 Prices : Economics and Poverty Chart 12.1 Economy Table 44 Real GDP per Capita : Income Distribution Table 45 Gini Coefficient of Income Distribution : Poverty Table 46 Proportion of Population below US$ 1 per Day : Table 47 Proportion of Population below National Poverty Line : Expenditure Table 48 Share of Poorest Quintile in National Consumption : International Trade Table 49 Trade as a Proportion of GDP : Population 1.1 Number of Population 1.2 Population Structure Chart 1 Percentage of Population by Age Group and Sex : Population Characteristic Chart 2 Age Structure of Population : Growth Rate

6 Chart 3 Growth Rate of Population : Reproductive Health 2.1 Fertility Chart 4 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) : Contraception Chart 5 Percentage of Contraceptive Use by Method : 1990 and Mortality 3.1 Expectation of Life at Birth Chart 6 Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex : Morbidity and Mortality Infant and Child Mortality Maternal Death Chart 7 Maternal Death Rates : Death with Infectious Disease Tuberculosis Chart 8 Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis : Malaria Chart 9 Prevalence and Death Rates with Malaria : AIDS Chart 10 Prevalence Rates with AIDS among population aged year old: Chart 11 Proportion HIV/AIDS of Prevalence of Pregnant Woman : Nutrition 4.1 Malnutrition Chart 12 Proportion of Children under 5 Suffering from Malnutrition : Calories per Day Chart 13 Average Daily per Capita Calorie Consumption : Immunization 5.1 Measles Chart 14 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against Measles : DPT Chart 15 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis): Healthy

7 6.1 Safe Drinking Water Chart 16 Percentage of Households with Safe Drinking Water by Area : Sanitation Chart 17 Percentage of Households with Sanitation by Area : Behaviour 8. Labor Force Chart 18 Labor Force Structure 8.1 Labor Force Participation 8.2 Unemployment Rates Unemployment of Population Unemployment Rates of year old Chart 19 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter 1 Chart 20 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter Employment by Sector 8.4 Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-Agricultural Sector Chart 21 Proportion of Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-agricultural Sector : Proportion of Children Aged Less than 15 Who are Working Chart 22 Proportion of Children Aged Less than 15 Who are Working : Home Worker 8.7 Labor Force Market 9. Education 9.1 Educational Budget Chart 23 Public Current Expenditure per GDP: Sex Ratio by Educational Attendance 9.3 Literacy 10 Other Social Indicators 10.1 Gender Chart 24 Percentage of Seats in Parliament, Held by Women: Housing Electric Lighting Chart 25 Percentage of Household Use Electricity: Secure Tenure

8 Chart 26 Percentage of Household with Secure Tenure: Access of Information Technology Chart 27 Ratio of Telephone and Mobile Phone for Population: Environment and Energy 11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions Chart 28 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita : Forest Area Chart 29 Percentage of Forest Area per Total Area : Protected Area Chart 30 Proportion of Protected Area per Total Area : Energy Chart 31 Energy Use per GDP at 1988 Prices : Economics and Poverty 12.1 Economy Chart 32 Real GDP per Capita : Income Distribution Chart 33 Gini Coefficient of Income Distribution : Poverty Chart 34 Proportion of Population below US$ 1 per Day : Chart 35 Proportion of Population below National Poverty Line : Expenditure Chart 36 Share of Poorest Quintile in National Consumption : International Trade Chart 37 Trade as a Proportion of GDP :

9 1. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) women. Definition The number of births of all women of reproductive aged (15-49 years) in a year per 2. Expectation of Life at Birth 3. Maternal Death Average number of years lived after exact age X. The death of maternities which causes were related to pregnant or aggravated by the pregnant during pregnant, delivery and any other causes occurred within 6 weeks after delivery expressed as ratio per one hundreds thousand livebirths. 4. Malnutrition It defined as the number of children aged 1-4 years old who fall below minus two standard deviation from median weight for age (degree light, serious and very serious). 5 Access to Safe Drinking Water It defined as the households access to safe drinking water. The term safe drinking water refers to bottled drinking water, tap water, rain water or private well. 6 Access to Sanitation It defined as the households access to sanitation. The term sanitation refers to flush latrine or moulded bucket latrine. 7. Exercise or Sport Sport means that physical activity that is governed by a set of rules or customs and purposed for fun, social and competition such as football, basketball, tennis, etc. (except chess and bridge) Exercise means that physical activity that perform to develop or maintain fitness, for fun and social such as walking, running, body exercise, etc. (except professional exercise)

10 8 Employed Persons Persons, 15 years of age and over who during the survey week, 1. worked for at least one hour for wages/salary, profits, dividends or any other kind of payment, in kind; or 2. did not work at all or worked less than one hour but 2.1 receives wage/salary, profits from business enterprise or farm during the period of absence; or 2.2 not receive wage/salary, profits from business enterprise or farm during the period of absence but had regular jobs or business that they would be return to work. 3. worked for at least one hour without pay in business enterprises or on farms owned or operated by household heads or members. 9. Unemployed Persons Persons, 15 years of age and over who during the survey week did not work even for one hour, had no jobs, business enterprise or farms of their own. Persons in this category include : 1. those who had been looking for work, applying for a job or waiting to be call to work during the last 30 days before interview s date. 2. those who had not been looking for work during the last 30 days before interview s date but available for work during the last 7 days before interview s date. 10. Total Labor Force All persons 15 years of age and over, who during the survey week, were in the current labor force as defined above or were classified as seasonally inactive labor force as defined above. 11. Industry The term "industry" as herein used refers to the nature of economic activity undertaken in the establishment in which a person worked or the nature of business in which he was engaged during the survey week. If a person had more than one job, the industry corresponding to the occupation recorded was asked. Before 2001, the survey used the classification which was suitable to Thailand s industry based on International Standard Industrial Classification, (ISIC) Since January 2001,

11 the survey used the third revision of the International Standard Industrial Classification, (ISIC) 1989, of the United Nations (UN). 12 Labor Force Market The formal sector consists of organizations which have defined management and administration systems, including both government and private agencies, which employ at least 10 persons. The informal sector, in contrast with the formal sector, consists of enterprises typically operating with a low level of organization on a small-scale, low and uncertain wages, and no social welfare and security. 13. Secure Tenure It defined as the arrangements by which a household occupies its living quarters as owner, hire-purchaser or renter. 14. Trade as a proportion of GDP Exports of goods and services + Imports of goods and services x 100 GDP at current market prices 15. Poverty line Poverty line is conceptualized, as a minimum standard required by an individual to fulfill his or her basic food and non-food needs and unit is baht/person/month. 16. The poor The poor are people who have income below the poverty line or people who have not enough income for food and non-food for the basic needed. 17. GINI Coefficient GINI Coefficient is indicator that used for measure of inequality. The GINI coefficient is based on the Lorenz curve, a cumulative frequency curve that compares the distribution of a specific variable (e.g. Income) with the uniform distribution the represents equality.

12 18. Existing Forest Area Existing Forest Area means all forest types such as evergreen, pine, mangrove, mixed deciduous, dry dipterocarp, scrub, swamp, bamboo and forest plantation in the national forest reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, forest working plan and forest concession areas where can be detected by LANDSAT-TM imageries at the scale 1: 50,000 but not including rubber plantations and orchards 19. Protected Area Protected Area means legally established land or water area under either public or private ownership that is regulated and managed to achieve specific conservation objectives.

13 Method of Calculation 1. Growth rate Growth rate (r) = [Ln (P /P ) /t] x 100 n o 2. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) P n = Number of Population in Year n P o = Number of Population in Base Year t = Interval between Base Year and Year n Ln = Log e TFR = [n (n f x)] x B( f ) n f x = Age-Specific Birth Rate for Age Group x to x+n n = Number of Years in The Age Interval ( 5 years ) 3. Children Under 5 Mortality Rate U5MR = D x 1,000 o B U5MR = Children Under 5 Mortality Rate D o = Number of Children Aged 1-4 Years Old B = Number of Live Births for a Given Year 4. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) IMR = D o x 1,000 B B IMR = Infant Mortality Rate D o = Number of Infant Deaths Occurring within a Year B = Number of Live Births for a Given Year

14 5. Labor force participation rate 6. Unemployment rate 7. Unemployment rate aged years old 8. Employment proportions by sector Agriculture = Total Labor Force Aged 15 Years Old and Over x 100 Persons Aged 15 Years Old and Over Unemployed Persons Aged 15 Years Old and Over x 100 Total Labor Force Aged 15 Years Old and Over Unemployed Persons Aged Years Old x 100 Total Labor Force Aged Years Old Employed Persons in Agriculture x 100 Employed Persons Aged 15 Years Old and Over Industry = Employed Persons in Industry x 100 Employed Persons Aged 15 Years Old and Over Service = Employed Persons in Service x 100 Employed Persons Aged 15 Years Old and Over 9. Female share of paid employment in non-agriculture activities Female Employed Persons in Non-agriculture x 100 Employed Persons in Non-agriculture 10. Proportion of children aged less than 15 who are working Employed Persons Aged Years Old x 100 Persons Aged Years Old

15 Note: Agriculture : agriculture, hunting, fishery and forestry Industry : industry, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction and electricity, gas and water Service : wholesales and retail trade, hotel and restaurants, transport, storage and communication, finance, insurance, real estate and business services community, social and persona services

16 Table 1 Number of Population by Sex : Sex Year Total 55,840 59,400 62,406 65,034 Male 27,941 29,676 31,105 32,370 Female 27,899 29,724 31,301 32,664 Sex Ratio Source : Population Projections for Thailand , The Office of National Economic and Social Development Board. In Thousand

17 Table 2 Percentage of Population by Age Group and Sex : Age Group Male Female Source : Population Projections for Thailand , The Office of National Economic and Social Development Board.

18 Table 3 Age Structure of Population by Sex : Year Age Group Source : Population Projections for Thailand , The Office of National Economic and Social Development Board.

19 Table 4 Growth Rate : Year Growth Rate Source : Population Projections for Thailand , National Economic and Social Development Board.

20 Table 5 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) : Year Total Fertility Rate : Women 1,000 Persons Total Fertility Rate (TFR) , , , Source : 1991, The Survey of Population Change, National Statistical Office. Fertility Continues to Fall in Thailand: Estimates from 2000 Census, The 2002 Thai National Symposium on Population Studies.

21 Table 6 Percentage of Contraceptive Use By Method : 1990 and 2000 Year Contraceptive Non-Contraceptive Sterlizationfemale Contraceptive Use by Method Oral pills Condom Others Source : 1990 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office. Report of an Evaluation of the Promotion Activities under the 8 th National Economic and Social Development, Ministry of Public Health.

22 Table 7 Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex : Year Male Female Source : 1991, The Survey of Population Change, National Statistical Office. Population Gazette, Population and Social Research Institute, Mahidol University.

23 Table 8 Infant Mortality Rates (< 1 Year) and Child Mortality Rates (1-4 Years) : Mortality Rates Total Male Female Infant Mortality Rates (<1 Year) Child Mortality Rates (1-4 Years) Source : 1991, The Survey of Population Change, National Statistical Office. Estimated Infant Mortality Rate: Population and Housing 2000, The 2002 Thai National Symposium on Population Studies.

24 Table 9 Maternal Death Rates : Year Maternal Death Rates Source : Public Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health.

25 Table 10 Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis : Year Prevalence Rate Death Rates Persons : 100,000 Population Source : Public Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health.

26 Table 11 Prevalence and Death Rates with Malaria : Persons : 100,000 Population Year Prevalence Rate Death Rates Source : Public Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health.

27 Table 12 Prevalence Rates with AIDS among population aged year old: Persons : 100,000 Population Year Male Female Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.

28 Table 13 Proportion HIV/AIDS of Prevalence of Pregnant Woman : Year Proportion HIV/AIDS of Prevalence of Pregnant Woman Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.

29 Table 14 Proportion of Children under 5 Suffering from Malnutrition : Source : Year Malnutrition Level 1-3 Malnutrition Level Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health.

30 Table 15 Average Daily per Capita Calorie Consumption : Year Average Daily per Capita Calorie Consumption , , , , , ,360 Source : Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health.

31 Table 16 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against Measles : Year Percentage of Children Immunized Against Measles Rate of Measles Prevalence Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.

32 Table 17 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis): Year Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against DTP Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.

33 Table 18 Percentage of Households with Safe Drinking Water by Area : Year Total Municipal Area Non-Municipal Area Source : 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office.

34 Table 19 Percentage of Households with Sanitation by Area : Year Total Municipal Area Non-Municipal Area Source : 1990 and 2000Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office.

35 Table 20 Risk Behaviour of Health and 2001 Health Risk Behaviour Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Smoking 1. Percentage of Population with Smoking 1/ 2. First Age of Smoking Average of Cigarette per Day & Over * 4. Average of Expenditure per Day (Baht) Alcohol Drinking 1. Percentage of Population with Drinking Alcohol Using Safty Belt Everytime Occasionally Wearing Helmet 1. Everytime Occasionally Source 1/ : for 1996, Data of Population aged 11 years and over. 1996, 2001 Health and Welfare Survey, National Statistical Office The Survey of Cigarette Smoking Behaviour, National Statistical Office.

36 Table 21 Percentage of Population Who Exercise or Playing Sport : Sex Total Male Female Percentage of Population Who Exercise or Playing Sport Source 1/ : Asking only Exercise Persons Child and Youth Survey 1992, 1997, 2002, National Statistical Office. Health and Welfare Survey 2001, National Statistical Office.

37 Table 22 Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex : Year Quarter 1 Total Male Female Quarter 3 Total Male Female Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office.

38 Table 23 Unemployment Rates by Sex : Year Quarter 1 Total Male Female Quarter 3 Total Male Female Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office.

39 Table 24 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter 1 Sex Quarter 1 Total Male Female Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office

40 Table 25 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter 3 Year Quarter 3 Total Male Female Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office

41 Table 26 Employment Proportions by Sector : Sector Quarter 1 Agriculture Industry Service Quarter 3 Agriculture Industry Service Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statical Office.

42 Table 27 Proportion of Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-agricultural Sector : Sex Quarter 1 Female Quarter 3 Female Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office

43 Table 28 Proportion of Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-agricultural Sector : Proportion Quarter 1 Total Quarter 3 Total Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office.

44 Table 29 Number of Home Work Aged 15 Years and Over : 1999 and 2002 Number of Home Work Total Male Female Municipal area Non-municipal area Source : Home Work Survey, National Statistical Office. In Thousand

45 Table 30 Number of Employed Persons by Area and Labor Force Market: Labor Force Market Quarter 1 Total Municipal area Formal Informal Non-municipal area Formal Informal Quarter 3 Total Municipal area Formal Informal Non-municipal area Formal Informal Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office. In Million

46 Table 31 Public Current Expenditure per GDP: Year Public Current Expenditure per GDP Source : The Bureau of the Budget, Office of the Prime Minister. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

47 Table 32 Sex Ratio by Educational Attendance: Sex Ratio by Educational Year Attendance Sex Ratio In Primary Education Sex Ratio In Secondary Education Sex Ratio In Tertitary Education 1/ Source 1/ : Excluding Student who Learn in Private University Report of Education Statistics, National Statistical Office and Office of the Permanent Secretary For Education, Ministry of Education. Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of University Affairs.

48 Table 33 Literacy Rate Years Old and 15 Years and over: Years Literacy Rate Years old Literacy Rate 15 Years and Over Total Male Female Total Male Female Source: 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office The Literacy Survey, National Statistical Office.

49 Table 34 Sex Ratio of Literate: Year Sex Ratio of Literate Source: 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office The Literacy Survey, National Statistical Office.

50 Table 35 Percentage of Seats in Parliament, Held by Women: Year Percentage of Women Seats in Parliament Source :

51 Table 36 Percentage of Household Use Electricity: Use Electricity Percentage of Household Use Electric Source: 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office Household Economic and Social Survey, National Statistical Office.

52 Table 37 Percentage of Household with Secure Tenure: Year Total Municipal Area Non-Municipal Area Source : 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office.

53 Table 38 Ratio of Telephone and Mobile Phone for Population: Ratio Telephone Mobile Phone Source : Annual Report of Telephone Organization of Thailand. Per Person : 100 Person

54 Table 39 Information Technology Indicators Indicators Total Municipal Area Non-municipal Number of Computers Per 100 Households Per 100 Population Internet Users Per 100 Population Source : The 2001 Survey of Information Technology, National Statistical Office.

55 Table 40 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita : Carbon Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita Source: 1. Thailand Energy Situation , Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy. 2. Population Projection of Thailand , Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

56 Table 41 Percentage of Forest Area per Total Area : Percentage Percentage of Forest Area per Total Area Source : Forestry Statistics of Thailand 2001,Royal Forest Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative.

57 Table 42 Proportion of Protected Area per Total Area : Proportion Proportion of Protected Area per Total Area Source : Forestry Statistics of Thailand 2001, Royal Forest Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative.

58 Table 43 Energy Use per GDP at 1988 Prices : Energy Use per GDP Energy Use per GDP at 1988 Prices Source : 1. Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy. 2. National Income of Thailand 2001 Edition, Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister. (Kgoe/GDP 1,000 Baht)

59 Table 44 Real GDP per Capita : GDP Real GDP per Capita Growth Rate of Real GDP 34,839 37,329 39,840 42,595 45,867 49,523 51,920 50,702 44,929 46,468 48,159 48,697 50, Source : National Income of Thailand Edition, Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

60 Table 45 Gini Coefficient of Income Distribution : Gini Gini Coefficient Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

61 Table 46 Proportion of Population below US$ 1 per Day : Proportion Proportion of Population below US$ 1 per Day Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister, World Bank.

62 Table 47 Proportion of Population below National Poverty Line : Proportion of Population below National Poverty Whole Kingdom Urban area Rural area Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

63 Table 48 Share of Poorest Quintile in National Consumption : Share of Poorest Quintile in National Consumption Share of Poorest Quintile in National Consumption Source : Household Socio - economic Survey, National Statistical office.

64 Table 49 Trade as a Proportion of GDP : Trade as a Proportion of GDP Trade as a Proportion of GDP Source : National Income of Thailand Edition, Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

65 1. Population 1.1 Number of Population 1.2 Population Structure Chart 1 Percentage of Population by Age Group and Sex : Age Group Age Group Percentage Age Group Age Group Percentage Percentage Percentage Male Female Source : Population Projections for Thailand , The Office of National Economic and Social Development Board. 1.3 Population Characteristic Chart 2 Age Structure of Population : Percentage Year Source : Population Projections for Thailand , The Office of National Economic and Social Development Board.

66 1.4 Growth Rate Chart 3 Growth Rate of Population : Rate & & 0.97 & 0.82 & Year & Growth Rate of Population Source : Population Projections for Thailand , National Economic and Social Development Board. 2. Reproductive Health 2.1 Fertility Chart 4 Total Fertility Rate (TFR) : Total Fertility Rate : Women 1,000 Persons , , , Year Total Fertility Rate per 1,000 women Source : 1991, The Survey of Population Change, National Statistical Office. Fertility Continues to Fall in Thailand: Estimates from 2000 Census, The 2002 Thai National Symposium on Population Studies.

67 2.2 Contraception Chart 5 Percentage of Contraceptive Use by Method : 1990 and Non-Contraceptive 33.3% Contraceptive 66.7% 54.7% 0.4% 22.4% 22.5% Others Condom Oral pills Sterlization-female Non-Contraceptive 20.8% Contraceptive 79.2% % 1.2% 26.8% 22.6% Others Condom Oral pills Sterlization-female Source : 1990 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office. Report of an Evaluation of the Promotion Activities under the 8 th National Economic and Social Development, Ministry of Public Health. 3. Mortality 3.1 Expectation of Life at Birth Chart 6 Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex : Age (Years) Male Female year Source : 1991, The Survey of Population Change, National Statistical Office. Population Gazette, Population and Social Research Institute, Mahidol University.

68 3.2 Morbidity and Mortality Infant and Child Mortality Maternal Death Chart 7 Maternal Death Rates : Persons : 100,000 Live Births & & & & & 9.7 & & 12.9 & & 10.7 & & 7.0 & 0 year & Maternal Death Rate per 100,000 Live Births Source : Public Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health Death with Infectious Disease Tuberculosis Chart 8 Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis : Persons : 100,000 Population ) 42.1 ) 40 ) 59.4 ) 66.4 ) 70.2 ) 78.7 ) 86.9 ) # # # # # # # # 0 year ) Prevalence Rate # Death Rate Source : Public Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health.

69 Malaria Chart 9 Prevalence and Death Rates with Malaria : Person : 100,000 Population & & & & 53.5 & & & & # # # # # # # # year # # & Prevalence Rate # Death Rate Source : Public Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health AIDS Chart 10 Prevalence Rates with AIDS among population aged year old: Persons : 100,000 Population # # # # ) # ) ) 20 ) # ) ) # ) # # 10 ) # ) # ) #) 0.3 ) 1.5 year # Male ) Female Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.

70 Chart 11 Proportion HIV/AIDS of Prevalence of Pregnant Woman : Percentage ) ) ) 1.8 ) 1.7 ) 1.5 ) 1.8 ) 1.5 ) 1.4) ) Year ) Proportion HIV/AIDS Prevalence of Pregnant women Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health. 4. Nutrition 4.1 Malnutrition Chart 12 Proportion of Children under 5 Suffering from Malnutrition : Proportion & & & & & & & & & & & & Year Malnutrition Level 1-3 Malnutrition Level & Source : Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health.

71 4.2 Calories per Day Chart 13 Average Daily per Capita Calorie Consumption : Calories ,443 2,280 2,099 2,247 2,334 2, Capita Calorie Consumption Year Source : Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. 5. Immunization 5.1 Measles Chart 14 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against Measles : Percentage of Children Immunized Against Measles Rate of Measles Prevalence # # # # # # # # ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 0.1 ) 0 ) 0 year # ) Percentage of Children under 1 immunized against measles Rate of Measle Prevalence Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health.

72 5.2 DPT Chart 15 Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against DTP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis): & & & & & & & & 0 year & Percentage of Children under 1 Immunized Against DTP Source : Office of the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Public Health. 6 Healthy 6.1 Safe Drinking Water Chart 16 Percentage of Households with Safe Drinking Water by Area : Percentage Total Municipal Area Non-Municipal Area year Source : 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office.

73 6.2 Sanitation Chart 17 Percentage of Households with Sanitation by Area : Percentage Total Municipal Area Non-Municipal Area year Source : 1990 and 2000Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office. 7 Behaviour

74 8. Labor Force Chart 18 Labor Force Structure Total Population A ge 15+ A ge < 15 Total labor force N o t in la b o r fo rce C urren t labor Seasonally inactive labor force Em ployed Unem ployed Looking for w ork A vailable but n ot lookin g forw ork House work Studies T oo youn g, O ld, In capable to w ork O thers

75 8.1 Labor Force Participation 8.2 Unemployment Rates Unemployment of Population Unemployment Rates of year old Chart 19 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter 1 Percentage & 6 3 & & & & & & & & & & & Total Male Female & Year Chart 20 Unemployment Rates of years old, Quarter 3 Percentage & & & & 3 & & & & & & & & & Total Male Female & Year Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office 8.3 Employment by Sector 8.4 Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-Agricultural Sector Chart 21 Proportion of Female Share of Paid Employment in Non-agricultural Sector : Percentage year Quarter 1 Quarter 3 Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office

76 8.5 Proportion of Children Aged Less than 15 Who are Working Chart 22 Proportion of Children Aged Less than 15 Who are Working : Percentage Quarter 1 Quarter year Source : Labor Force Survey, National Statistical Office. 8.6 Home Worker 8.7 Labor Force Market 9. Education 9.1 Educational Budget Chart 23 Public Current Expenditure per GDP: & & & & & & & & & & 4.0 & 1 0 year & Public Current Expenditure per GDP Source : The Bureau of the Budget, Office of the Prime Minister. Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

77 9.2 Sex Ratio by Educational Attendance 9.3 Literacy 10 Other Social Indicators 10.1 Gender Source : Housing Electric Lighting Chart 24 Percentage of Seats in Parliament, Held by Women: Percentage ) ) ) 4 ) 2 0 year ) Percentage of Women Seats in Parliament Chart 25 Percentage of Household Use Electricity: Percentage year Percentage of Household Use Electric Source : 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office Household Economic and Social Survey, National Statistical Office.

78 Secure Tenure Chart 26 Percentage of Household with Secure Tenure: Percentage Total Municipal Area Non-Municipal Area year Source : 1990 and 2000 Population and Housing Census, National Statistical Office Housing Survey, National Statistical Office Access of Information Technology Chart 27 Ratio of Telephone and Mobile Phone for Population: & & & & & & & & # & & & & # # # # # # 0.06 # year # # # # & Telephone Per 100 Population # Mobile Phone Per 100 Population Source : Annual Report of Telephone Organization of Thailand.

79 11. Environment and Energy 11.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions Chart 28 Carbon Dioxide Emissions per Capita : Ton/Person & & & & & & & & & & & & 0 Year & Carbon Dioxide per Capita Source : 1. Thailand Energy Situation , Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy. 2. Population Projection of Thailand , Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister Forest Area Chart 29 Percentage of Forest Area per Total Area : Percent Forest Area per Total Area year Source : Forestry Statistics of Thailand 2001,Royal Forest Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative.

80 11.3 Protected Area Chart 30 Proportion of Protected Area per Total Area : Percent year Protected Area per Total Area Source : Forestry Statistics of Thailand 2001, Royal Forest Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative Energy Chart 31 Energy Use per GDP at 1988 Prices : (Kgoe/GDP 1,000 Baht) Energy Use per GDP Year Source : 1. Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy. 2. National Income of Thailand 2001 Edition, Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

81 12. Economics and Poverty 12.1 Economy Chart 32 Real GDP per Capita : (In Thousand Baht per Capita) (Percent) & & & & & & & & & 1.8 & 5 30 & & & year Real GDP per Capita Growth Rate of Real GDP & Source : National Income of Thailand Edition, Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister Income Distribution Chart 33 Gini Coefficient of Income Distribution : year Gini Coefficient Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

82 12.3 Poverty Chart 34 Proportion of Population below US$ 1 per Day : Percent & & 4 & & & & & year & Population below US$ 1 per Day Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister, World Bank. Chart 35 Proportion of Population below National Poverty Line : Percent ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) 12.6 & & ) & & & & & & & & year Whole Kingdom Urban area Rural area & ) Source : Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

83 Expenditure Chart 36 Share of Poorest Quintile in National Consumption : Percent Share of Quintile year Source : Household Socio - economic Survey, National Statistical office International Trade Chart 37 Trade as a Proportion of GDP : Percent ) ) ) ) ) ) 84.8 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Trade of GDP year Source : National Income of Thailand Edition, Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Office of the Prime Minister.

Appendix 2 Basic Check List

Appendix 2 Basic Check List Below is a basic checklist of most of the representative indicators used for understanding the conditions and degree of poverty in a country. The concept of poverty and the approaches towards poverty vary

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