The Political Environment for NGO Development in Yunnan, China. ~ jg. Lu Yuan. PhD UTS

Transcription

1 The Political Environment for NGO Development in Yunnan, China ~ jg Lu Yuan PhD UTS 2009 cc

2 .- r-studentf! are required to make a declaration when th~y submit the thesis for ; examination. H~re is a rgcommmc/$<1 fqrm of_"'!!?!_.-cf.l!:, -.. ~ CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORSHIP J ORIGINAUTY I certify that the work in this thesis has not previously been submitted for a degree nor has it been submitted as part of requirements for a degree except as ully acknowledged w1 hm the ext! also certify that the thesis has been written by me Any help that I have received in my research work <lnd the preparation of the thesis it elf has been acknowledged. In additton, I certify that all information sources and literature used are indicated in the thesis. Stgnature ot Candidate ~{,.{ J~.r(.Ct- ~

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4 NGO, ep ~~IE!ZJ#~Jl~,R, + J1~1W:ft r:f 00 ~ 7J A~!J, :tlo~:ft r:f 00 mj!:&mo I 1W, NGO B"lm~}J B:ih!t& r:f 00 ~Af±~~mB"J~~~lt!±~o B11'J:frg_IMf±~llif7, fje:ltt0~$~~*" fif~f0ira. ~A;t" ~ o(rij IE!ZJ# IE!Z* ~ 1J 00 1st 1~ T t~ t~ B"J 11:: ffl o fpj B1, illij I~ T ~ 00 IE!ZJM,fo ~ 11:~ ~ ~ B"l ri ~,fo ~tft m 0 r:foob"jngo~~&~t00~0~tl~~~m~nr:roo~~~, -~ tt 4t 00 ~± ~ ~M iij --/E )JJ ~ ~fr ~ B"J rcr= W o A -wj *Ell$ tj N GO B"J 1ffi ~' Am NGO 1 J:&M~~p 00 NGO :&~B"l 1'mi~ o A-M NGO 1 J ~J!:&~ ~ Am~~m~m~u~~#~~ w~ey#b"j~*o NGO {E 9=' ~ I J~ft=~Jt1~*~t1 o ~~ 9= 1 00 OOtg?fiiR!E 8'~ o NGO fe!:pllj~,~_m ~!&*t~!&~ff:, ~1~il&R1B"J~j~;t~gMJ}JJEffo NGO {E 9=t 00 f6j!xt -f-fill tf7 ~}f ~ o E8 f r:f ~ *~ ~ B"J IE! rb :Ef m, N GO ft r:f 00 B"J~~~TIUII~ ~ *J"U B"Jjj~~io ~tg:flplf:t, NGO te 9=t llj~~~l*~~~mo t ~ ~ :&Miit~9=t, NGO ~~ ~ 9=t 00f±~ ~ ~~}!Jj~}Ji%,fD~1to NGO ~r:f=too~~,fdi~f±~b"j ~ x:fl~jj:i:o NGO l JbtM~~~ ~9=tllJtl~l J~~~ffl~~~~ ~ ~~B"Jffi~~~o{8~, r:f=tll] - ~I& J# 12 f-ij!j % o ~ ~ IE)O# ~_ _ ~R l J 1M~, ;&!&,fd )E 1t :te ~ ~ 17f.i ~~ - ~~~~I&ffl~m,~m~w~m, I&m:Efm, mm:etm~ f± ~ :Pili~ ±i 0 ~g ~ ~@ r:t=t oo s"j ~ *~ ~ ~ IE!Z rb :Et m, itt rm r& itt~ l~:ef±l~ NGO fr 9=t OO:&Ml J~tl~~ o 1~1Diti~, 9=t OOI&J118"JIE!Z m-fd NGO B"Jm~Jf:: NGO B{]~lfP~xo II

5 Abstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), common for decades throughout the world, were little known in China as recently as a dozen years ago, but they have developed and expanded exponentially in recent years. The activities of such organizations have penetrated all aspects of the Chinese social life. They have played a positive role in alleviating social pressures, promoting the development of public services, training social workers, and have, to various effect, influenced government policies. At the same time, they have aroused attention and concern among government officials and scholars. NGOs in China today reflect the international trend towards the development of what is described as civil society. They are also the product of decades of social development in China. Yunnan has been called the cradle of NGOs in China. The development of NGOs in Yunnan as a microcosm represents the apex of NGO development in China at the macro level. The rapid development of NGOs in Yunnan is dependent on a close relationship with evolving political and social conditions in both the province and the nation as a whole. NGOs in China have a distinctive character of their own, and that is what makes this study timely and relevant to the fi eld of development studies as well as the evolving political development of China as a nation. NGOs can operate successfully in China only when they cooperate closely with, and obtain support from, the government. NGOs are still evolving in China, and their status is very much undecided and in flux. Despite the challenges ahead, this paper maintains that NGOs will continue to grow in China. But, in this process, NGOs will also confront many significant polical and administrative hurdles. NGOs will prove an important force in the building of a harmonious society in China. Their development reflects a new historical phase in the pr01notion of evolving systems of government in the PRC. China, however, remains a state-controlled society, which maintains very different political, legal, and social policies than much of the world. The key to the development and survival ofngos in China is how they can adapt the1nselves successfully to China's specific political and administrative environment. It is the nexus between government policy and NGO tactics that will decide the fate ofngos in China. Il l

6 3&iM i itx:t~~ Abstract kk :rr... /.?-?..::--J?- % -. FL ~ffi~ 1 ~ = - 11 NGO l~~ftewj ~ 11 ii}f Ji N GO ft E 1 J '}j:_j1{ ~ le~ 1~ lf 1i; ~ ~ ~ti 3 ~ 11 NGO 'jj:_j1{eble~1~lfmiijf)i}cmj\~~ 5 ~[911 NGO EB/EJ(;fOft)o/fii}fji~~[~ 13 ~ ]i 11 1J}f Ji 8''1 jj 1! % ~-=~ NGO tfz;wjb"j:itt1t f::ij '&!& 21 %- 11 NGO EB'BU~f:rrJt~~fl-f:x 21 ~ = 11 NGO I J I1cJ!)j:_M~fl-~.. 22 m 11 NGO 1 z;i J~ trj!ltn EBJ*~ 24 ~=~ NGO fte1 JEBff-ffl f::ij~o[tij 33 ~ ortuie~j#~ m, ~fh~:t±~ llin 33 fje:itt 0 ~ ~ ~ jj:_ M, ~ ~ Ef ~i 1;11J1~ ~; :fu 3 8 1~$tuT~Mf:, w=*tijt~xjj~ 39 ±if~t A/f, f~tt~~-=f w=* T tjtm;fo {g1 B"J~~:f} 45 ~[9~ ~:ff~oo*f51 J NGO I1t 48 l=j Il)U11 -t}] il1t, t 1i ;f!j ffl 4 8 ~~}A7~:ill=*, A/f }A_m_m=* 53 *A m, r1~!xr~ei ss I V

7 ~li~ NGO~i1JB"J~xi~tj~~_i 58 NGO 7C1't-p:[ f& rfl ~I&WJI&Jfiifl~Jj ~ 11 *± NGO?&f~ffiRz 66 ~ ll911 AfJ?$ 1!At5t ~ 1~?!!~ 68 ~ n 11 r*j $1r w mu 1t ::f{}! 1t" ::f 1J\! w: ~;\11 1±~0~~i,QffiJc: 72 ~ ~' ~ A~~n~ 4 %1\ F- /''*1-Yin 7 69 ~~* 1~f*t?tflJ~ ~ q=t ~I&J#B"J~* 74 E I J~~B~ft±~ ~ i )2:JMB"J ~ * 82 1X) II!iliA{ r:f 1 1 NGO 86 ~--t* NGO 1 1** 92 ~ NGO -BU ~:ie 1i1't ft!j1t 92 NGO?&f ~*~f±~ 1t 94 NGO IffAJn 1t ~1t " ffr~1t 95 NGO ~ff* ± 1t 97 ~1i11 NGO Er''J ~1fJ][5f4~1t 98 ~)\. * ~i~ 99 'i=tooi&~~mr:fi&j#i JI&m~~&*~NGOI J~~ 99 ~ = 11 NGO ~g~ ~-T ~B" 5fUffl~Di:& ~ r:f 00 B"Ji 32:1'~~~~ lr~~~g~fr r:f ~t~j~;fo,dt*8<j=*w! 100 ~ 11 NGO 1 Ji5t*=f!JJ5~~~;fD81{-~1~~1JTt, NGO ~~1 x~xi s<j lf ~ r=f 7-J r:p 00 f±~ 1 J ill~ ll)j 1J 102 ~~-=p; 105 v