Session 6: The challenge of public participation. Thursday 4 February 2016, 16:15-17:45 Brussels, STAR-FLOOD final conference

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1 Session 6: The challenge of public participation Thursday 4 February 2016, 16:15-17:45 Brussels, STAR-FLOOD final conference

2 Classic approach: investments in flood defence

4 Participation, a necessity Involvement of diverse policy domains Involvement of a broad range of public, private and civil society actors

5 Multiple calls to involve the public Aarhus convention 1998 Floods directive 2007/60/EC Making space for water strategy 2004, England Act on civil security 2004, France

6 Multiple initiatives to start sharing responsibility Multiple initiatives to encourage citizens to embrace partial responsibility for flood risk managemnt For the uptake of property-level measures Enhancing preparedness for flooding etc.

7 Participation, a challenge Involving the public in Flood Risk Management (FRM) is a challenge. How to get people involved? Who to involve? What to expect from participation? Guest lecture of prof. dr. Marc Craps

8 Session programme 16:15 16:20 Introduction 16:20 16:40 Keynote speach, prof. dr. Marc Craps 16:40 16:45 Short intro to the roundtable discussions 16:45 17:25 Two round table discussions in parallel Efforts to engage citizens in flood emergency management Involving citizens in flood risk mitigation 17:25 17:35 Plenary feedback of the roundtables 17:35 17:45 Some concluding reflections, ir. Jan van den Bossche, Grontmij Belgium

9 Keynote speach The challenge of public participation in flood risk management by prof. dr. Marc Craps Available time: 16:20 16:40

10 The Challenge of Public Participation in Flood Risk Management Marc Craps, Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability, KU Leuven, Belgium Star Flood Conference Brussels, February 4, 2016

11 Towards resilient flood risk governance arrangements Introduction: resilience & flood risk o Social-relational approach o Multiple strategies simultaneously Governance arrangements o Different actors & blurring boundaries o Different discourses: framing & reframing o Power resources action strategies o Interaction rules to co-create knowledge Concluding reflections Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

A social-relational approach of sustainability Carl Folke, Director Stockholm Resilience Institute, Doctor Honoris Causa KU Leuven 2015 Resilience is the capacity of a system be it an individual, a

12 A social-relational approach of sustainability Carl Folke, Director Stockholm Resilience Institute, Doctor Honoris Causa KU Leuven 2015 Resilience is the capacity of a system be it an individual, a forest, a city, or an economy to deal with change and continue to develop. It is both about withstanding shocks and disturbances (like climate change or financial crisis) and using such events to catalyze renewal, novelty, and innovation. In human systems, resilience thinking emphasizes learning and social diversity. At the level of the biosphere, it focuses on the interdependence of people and nature, the dynamic interplay of slow and gradual change Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

Multiple flood risk strategies and the challenge of participation Prevention p.ej. Spatial planning Flood defence p.ej. Dikes & dams Mitigation p.ej. Green infrastruct.

13 Multiple flood risk strategies and the challenge of participation Prevention p.ej. Spatial planning Flood defence p.ej. Dikes & dams Mitigation p.ej. Green infrastruct.urban managmt Preparation p.ej. Warning systems, evacuation Recovery p.ej. Restoring, insurance Complex situations & interdependent actors Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

Multiple actors blurring boundaries From consumers to active civil society From business only to corporate sustainability From government

14 Multiple actors blurring boundaries From consumers to active civil society From business only to corporate sustainability From government to multi-actor governance From the Science to co-creating knowledge Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

express how we make sense of situations (Gray, 2003) Framing river basin

conservation Flood prevention Public officers Consultants, technical

15 Different discourses e.g. framing of river basin a representational process in which we present or express how we make sense of situations (Gray, 2003) Framing river basin management as: Preferred by: Policy preparation Technical study Nature conservation Flood prevention Public officers Consultants, technical specialists Citizen groups identified with nature Local governments Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

16 From participation to multi-actor governance Institutions Legal power Positional Bureaucracy Efficiency, transparency, accountability, participation Government Public participation People Stakeholders Legitimate interests Relational Community Networks, partnerships, distributed initiatives We define together our problem and solutions Multi-actor network Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

From participation to multiactor governance Citizens Governments Representative Passive Directing Consultative Defensive Listening & controlling Interactive Direct

17 From participation to multiactor governance Citizens Governments Representative Passive Directing Consultative Defensive Listening & controlling Interactive Direct Actively contributing Issuing, initiating, codeciding Proactively involving Facilitating and supporting Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

18 Power & different action strategies (based on Bouwen & Fry, 1991) Role leader Decision process Positional power Authority Impose topdown Discursive power Communicator Influence, convince Criteria Quick % of followers Knowledge power Specialist Analytical, rational decision Technical criteria Learning Accept Imitate Learn cognitively When? Crisis, lack of time One-sided interest Structured problem Joint learning Coach, facilitator 2-way communication, consultation, consensus Shared meaning Why and how change Complex problem, Interdependence Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

19 Co-creating knowledge Transactional mode Dominant way Defending vested interests Each actor focusing on own interests Distributive negotiations, bargaining (win lose) Formal procedures: interactions between institutional representatives Co-creating mode Mutual, open-ended commitment Actors think and act identifying with what they share Integrative negotiations, looking for synergies Relational process: interactions between authentic persons Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

20 Co-creating knowledge Search Conference, World Café, Open Space, Art works Prototyping Outdoor activities Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

Relational practices Relational practices are task-centered actions with relational qualities of reciprocity and reflexivity, enabling all relevant stakeholders to connect with a shared domain,

21 Relational practices Relational practices are task-centered actions with relational qualities of reciprocity and reflexivity, enabling all relevant stakeholders to connect with a shared domain, in a meaningful way for themselves and for the rest of the group. There is no method, just watch the relationship (McNamee) Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

22 Some concluding reflections Structures and procedures for public participation: o necessary but not sufficient o Motivation to engage o Quality of mutual listening and contributing Histories of non-involvement: o Skepticism, anger, anxiety o Trust = slow to gain, easy to loose Expert and local (lay) persons o Local communities and governments need experts! o But expertise need also contextualization by local knowledge Not less government but different involvement and shared responsibilities o Organizing and facilitating participation & dialogue o Stimulate citizen initiatives Craps (2016) Participation in flood risk - StarFlood Conference, Brussels

23 Roundtable discussions Roundtable 1: Efforts to engage citizens in flood emergency management Chaired by: Dr. Meghan Alexander Roundtable 2: Involving citizens in flood risk mitigation Chaired by: Hannelore Mees & Maria Kaufmann

24 Overarching questions 1. What are the opportunities and barriers to delivering effective public participation initiatives? 2. What are the conditions for success in public participation initiatives? 3. What factors constrain public participation initiatives? 4. What factors constrain the transferability of one initiative from one country to another?

25 Efforts to engage citizens in flood emergency management Chaired by Dr. Meghan Alexander Speakers: Francis Comyn, Rochdale Borough Council, England Jakub Lewandowski, sociologist of the Institute of Agricultural and Forest Environment of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Poznan (Poland) and STAR- FLOOD researcher Sylvia Gahlin of the City of Nice Department of Risk Management 1. In what ways are the citizens being encouraged to engage with flood emergency management? 2. What are the opportunities and barriers to delivering effective public participation initiatives in emergency management? 3. What are the conditions for success in such initiatives?

Involving citizens in flood risk mitigation Chaired by Hannelore Mees & Maria Kaufmann Presentation by Robbie Craig (Defra, UK): Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Scheme

26 Involving citizens in flood risk mitigation Chaired by Hannelore Mees & Maria Kaufmann Presentation by Robbie Craig (Defra, UK): Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Scheme First responses by Bram Vogels (VMM, Flanders) and François Mayer (SPW, Wallonia) Group discussion on opportunities of and barriers to flood damage prevention at household-level

28 Roundtable discussions Available time: 16:45 17:25 Overarching questions 1. What are the opportunities and barriers to delivering effective public participation initiatives? 2. What are the conditions for success in public participation initiatives? 3. What factors constrain public participation initiatives? 4. What factors constrain the transferability of one initiative from one country to another?

29 Plenary feedback of the roundtable discussions Responses to overarching questions: 1. What are the opportunities and barriers to delivering effective public participation initiatives? 2. What are the conditions for success in public participation initiatives? 3. What factors constrain public participation initiatives? 4. What factors constrain the transferability of one initiative from one country to another? Available time: 17:25 17:35

30 Closing by Jan van den Bossche

32 Good practices on participation PAPI (Action plan for flood risk prevention): France (intigrated planning) River contracts in Wallonia (how to collaborate in river basins) Multi-level cooperation in Dordrecht, the Netherland (How to build bridges between different governmental levels). Flood Resilience Community Pathfinder Scheme in England (How to raise awareness and action by citizens) Flood action groups and flood wardens in England Firefighters, volunteers and local leaders in Poland

36 Still today: 18:00-19:00 Drinks 19:00 21:30 Dinner Tomorrow 8:30 9:45 Three new parallel sessions

Design principles for resilient, efficient and legitimate flood risk governance; Lessons from cross-country comparisons

Strengthening and Redesigning European Flood Risk Practices Towards Appropriate and Resilient Flood Risk Governance Arrangements Design principles for resilient, efficient and legitimate flood risk governance;