Florida State College at Jacksonville Jacksonville, Florida

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1 Florida State College at Jacksonville Jacksonville, Florida PACE Report Personal Assessment of the College Environment Lead Researchers Laura A. Garland & Grey Reavis Conducted October & November 2017

2 Audrey J. Jaeger, Ph.D. Executive Director Laura A. Garland Research Associate Jemilia S. Davis Research Associate Grey Reavis Research Associate Andrea L. DeSantis Research Associate Haruna Suzuki Research Associate Phone (919) Fax (919) Web nilie.ncsu.edu North Carolina State University College of Education 310 Poe Hall Box 7801 Raleigh, NC Suggested Citation: National Initiative for Leadership & Institutional iveness, North Carolina State University. Personal Assessment of the College Environment (PACE) Report, by Garland, L. A. & Reavis, G. Raleigh, NC: 2017.

3 Table of Contents Page PACE Literature Review 1 Table 1. Institutional Structure Frequency Distributions 4 Table 2. Student Focus Frequency Distributions 8 Table 3. Supervisory Relationships Frequency Distributions 11 Table 4. Teamwork Frequency Distributions 15 Table 5. Climate Factor Mean Comparisons 17 Figure 1. Means by Comparison Group and Climate Factor 18 Table 6. Institutional Structure Item Mean Comparisons 19 Table 7. Student Focus Item Mean Comparisons 20 Table 8. Supervisory Relationships Item Mean Comparisons 21 Table 9. Teamwork Item Mean Comparisons 22 Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE 2017 i

4 PACE Literature Review The term culture refers to a total communication and behavioral pattern within an organization. Yukl (2002) defines organizational culture as the shared values and beliefs of members about the activities of the organization and interpersonal relationships (p. 108). Schein (2004) observes that culture points us to phenomena that are below the surface, that are powerful in their impact but invisible and to a considerable degree unconscious. In that sense culture is to a group what personality is to an individual (p. 8). Culture as a concept, then, is deeply embedded in an organization and relatively difficult to change; yet it has real day-to-day consequences in the life of the organization. According to Baker and Associates (1992), culture is manifest through symbols, rituals, and behavioral norms, and new members of an organization need to be socialized in the culture in order for the whole to function effectively. Climate refers to the prevailing condition that affects satisfaction (e.g., morale and feelings) and productivity (e.g., task completion or goal attainment) at a particular point in time. Essentially then, climate is a subset of an organization s culture, emerging from the assumptions made about the underlying value system and finding expression through members attitudes and actions (Baker & Associates, 1992). The mission of PACE is to promote open and constructive communication along four climate factors. Each climate factor has a unique focus, the combination of which create an integrative tool useful in understanding the campus climate at your institution. Institutional Structure focuses on the mission, leadership, spirit of corporation, structural organization, decision-making, and communication within the institution. Supervisory Relationships provide insight into the relationship between employees and their supervisors, as well as employees abilities to be creative and express ideas related to their work. The Teamwork climate factor explores the spirit of cooperation that exists within teams, while the Student Focus climate factor considers the centrality of students to the actions of the institution as well as the extent to which students are prepared for post-institution endeavors. Taken together the climate factors provide a valid source to define areas needing change or improvement and sets the stage for strategic planning. The way that various individuals behave in an organization influences the climate that exists within that organization. If individuals perceive accepted patterns of behavior as motivating and rewarding their performance, they tend to see a positive environment. Conversely, if they experience patterns of behavior that are self-serving, autocratic, or punishing, then they see a negative climate. The importance of these elements as determiners of quality and productivity and the degree of satisfaction that employees receive from the performance of their jobs have been well documented in the research literature for more than 40 years (Baker & Associates, 1992). NILIE s present research examines the value of delegating and empowering others within the organization through an effective management and leadership process. Yukl (2002) defined leadership as the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how it can be done effectively, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish the shared objectives (p. 7). The concept of leadership has been studied for many years in a variety of Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

5 work settings, and there is no one theory of management and leadership that is universally accepted (Baker & Associates, 1992). However, organizational research conducted to date shows a strong relationship between leadership processes and other aspects of the organizational culture. Intensive efforts to conceptualize and measure organizational climate began in the 1960s with Rensis Likert s work at the University of Michigan (Rouche and Baker, 1987). NILIE has used Likert s work to create the PACE survey. To date, more than 120 institutions have participated in climate studies conducted by NILIE at North Carolina State University. Figure 1. The PACE Model Establishing instrument validity is a fundamental component of ensuring the research effort is assessing the intended phenomenon. To that end, NILIE has worked hard to demonstrate the validity of the PACE instrument through both content and construct validity. Content validity has been established through a rigorous review of the instrument s questions by scholars and professionals in higher education to ensure that the instrument s items capture the essential aspects of institutional effectiveness. Building on this foundation of content validity, the PACE instrument has been thoroughly tested to ensure construct (climate factors) validity through two separate factor analysis studies (Tiu, 2001; Caison, 2005). Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

6 References Baker, G. A., & Associates. (1992). Cultural leadership: Inside America s community colleges. Washington, DC: Community College Press. Caison, A. (2005). PACE survey instrument exploratory factor analysis. Report, NILIE, Raleigh, North Carolina. Roueche, J. E., & Baker, G. A. (1987). Access and excellence: The open-door college. Washington DC: Community College Press. Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey- Bass. Tiu, S. (2001). Institutional effectiveness in higher education: Factor analysis of the personal assessment of college environment survey instrument. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh. Yukl, G. S. (2002). Leadership in organizations (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

7 Table 1. Institutional Structure Frequency Distributions FSCJ Bacc./Assoc. 4 year NILIE Normbase Institutional Structure Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 1 the actions of this institution reflect Very dissatisfied 51 6% 273 3% 252 3% % its mission Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 4 decisions are made at the appropriate Very dissatisfied 99 13% 593 7% 626 7% % level at this institution Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 90 11% % % % Total % % % % 5 the institution effectively promotes Very dissatisfied 32 4% 370 4% 371 4% % diversity in the workplace Dissatisfied 73 9% 770 9% 782 8% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 6 administrative leadership is focused Very dissatisfied % 483 6% 456 5% % on meeting the needs of students Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

8 FSCJ Bacc./Assoc. 4 year NILIE Normbase Institutional Structure (continued) Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 10 information is shared within the Very dissatisfied % % 894 9% % institution Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 89 11% % % % Total % % % % 11 institutional teams use problemsolving Very dissatisfied 61 8% 312 4% 323 4% % techniques Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 67 9% % % % Total % % % % 15 I am able to appropriately influence Very dissatisfied % % % % the direction of this institution Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 74 10% % % % Total % % % % 16 open and ethical communication is Very dissatisfied % 733 9% 794 8% % practiced at this institution Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

9 Institutional Structure (continued) Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 22 this institution has been successful in Very dissatisfied % 759 9% 799 8% % positively motivating my Dissatisfied % % % % performance Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 25 a spirit of cooperation exists at this Very dissatisfied % 695 8% 729 8% % institution Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 90 11% % % % Total % % % % 29 institution-wide policies guide my Very dissatisfied 41 5% 330 4% 340 4% % work Dissatisfied 80 10% 734 9% 668 7% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 32 this institution is appropriately Very dissatisfied % 604 7% 635 7% % organized Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 57 7% % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

10 Institutional Structure (continued) 38 I have the opportunity for advancement within this institution I receive adequate information regarding important activities at this institution my work is guided by clearly defined administrative processes Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % Very dissatisfied % % % % Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Very dissatisfied 69 9% 463 5% 476 5% % Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Very dissatisfied 80 10% 574 7% 617 7% % Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

11 Table 2. Student Focus Frequency Distributions FSCJ Bacc./Assoc. 4 year NILIE Normbase Student Focus Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 7 student needs are central to what we Very dissatisfied 70 9% 431 5% 367 4% % do Dissatisfied % % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 8 I feel my job is relevant to this Very dissatisfied 17 2% 378 4% 285 3% % institution's mission Dissatisfied 27 3% 493 6% 402 4% % Neither 50 6% 533 6% 595 6% % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 17 faculty meet the needs of students Very dissatisfied 17 2% 230 3% 195 2% % 18 student ethnic and cultural diversity are important at this institution Dissatisfied 50 7% 748 9% 676 7% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Very dissatisfied 14 2% 291 3% 247 3% % Dissatisfied 36 5% 606 7% 549 6% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

12 Student Focus (continued) Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 19 students' competencies are enhanced Very dissatisfied 12 2% 229 3% 193 2% % Dissatisfied 53 7% 681 8% 585 6% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 23 non-teaching professional personnel Very dissatisfied 57 7% 300 4% 235 3% % meet the needs of students Dissatisfied % 759 9% 686 8% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 28 classified personnel meet the needs Very dissatisfied 49 8% 217 3% 194 2% % of students Dissatisfied 77 12% 623 8% 532 6% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 95 15% % % % Total % % % % 31 students receive an excellent Very dissatisfied 18 2% 267 3% 205 2% % education at this institution Dissatisfied 51 7% 641 8% 545 6% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

13 FSCJ Bacc./Assoc. 4 year NILIE Normbase Student Focus (continued) Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 35 this institution prepares students for a Very dissatisfied 14 2% 251 3% 191 2% % career Dissatisfied 42 6% 578 7% 479 5% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 37 this institution prepares students for Very dissatisfied 17 2% 245 3% 189 2% % further learning Dissatisfied 49 6% 617 7% 513 6% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 40 students are assisted with their Very dissatisfied 33 5% 236 3% 203 2% % personal development Dissatisfied 83 12% 654 8% 558 6% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 42 students are satisfied with their Very dissatisfied 32 5% 158 2% 125 1% % educational experience at this Dissatisfied % 610 8% 480 5% % institution Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied 76 11% % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

14 Table 3. Supervisory Relationships Frequency Distributions FSCJ Bacc./Assoc. 4 year NILIE Normbase Supervisory Relationships Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 2 my supervisor expresses confidence Very dissatisfied 28 3% 537 6% 468 5% % in my work Dissatisfied 41 5% 739 9% 713 7% % Neither 61 8% 808 9% % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 9 my supervisor is open to the ideas, Very dissatisfied 40 5% 661 8% 617 6% % opinions, and beliefs of everyone Dissatisfied 46 6% 770 9% 751 8% % Neither 75 9% % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 12 positive work expectations are Very dissatisfied 45 6% 438 5% 451 5% % communicated to me Dissatisfied 94 12% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 13 unacceptable behaviors are identified Very dissatisfied 26 4% 316 4% 333 4% % and communicated to me Dissatisfied 50 7% % 785 9% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

15 Supervisory Relationships (continued) Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 20 I receive timely feedback for my Very dissatisfied 47 6% 579 7% 599 6% % work Dissatisfied 82 10% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 21 I receive appropriate feedback for my Very dissatisfied 36 5% 500 6% 502 5% % work Dissatisfied 80 10% % % % Neither 98 12% % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 26 my supervisor actively seeks my Very dissatisfied 52 7% 726 9% 730 8% % ideas Dissatisfied 71 9% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 27 my supervisor seriously considers my Very dissatisfied 47 6% 713 9% 703 8% % ideas Dissatisfied 59 7% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

16 Supervisory Relationships (continued) Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 30 work outcomes are clarified for me Very dissatisfied 45 6% 401 5% 413 4% % Dissatisfied 90 12% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 34 my supervisor helps me to improve Very dissatisfied 38 5% 628 8% 616 7% % my work Dissatisfied 80 10% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 39 I am given the opportunity to be Very dissatisfied 41 5% 522 6% 497 5% % creative in my work Dissatisfied 50 6% 759 9% 717 8% % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 45 I have the opportunity to express my Very dissatisfied 61 8% 529 6% 542 6% % ideas in appropriate forums Dissatisfied 94 12% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

17 Supervisory Relationships (continued) 46 professional development and training opportunities are available Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % Very dissatisfied 47 6% 566 7% 545 6% % Dissatisfied 64 8% % % % Neither 98 12% % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

18 Table 4. Teamwork Frequency Distributions Teamwork 3 there is a spirit of cooperation within my work team my primary work team uses problemsolving techniques there is an opportunity for all ideas to be exchanged within my work team my work team provides an environment for free and open expression of ideas, opinions and beliefs FSCJ Bacc./Assoc. 4 year NILIE Normbase Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % Very dissatisfied 36 5% 565 7% 534 6% % Dissatisfied 86 11% % % % Neither 85 11% % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Very dissatisfied 26 3% 379 5% 356 4% % Dissatisfied 62 8% % 788 9% % Neither 99 13% % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Very dissatisfied 49 6% 547 7% 536 6% % Dissatisfied 75 10% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Very dissatisfied 58 7% 582 7% 560 6% % Dissatisfied 62 8% % % % Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

19 Teamwork (continued) Response Option Count % Count % Count % Count % 36 my work team coordinates its efforts Very dissatisfied 36 5% 366 5% 349 4% % with appropriate individuals and Dissatisfied 60 8% % 786 9% % teams Neither % % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % 43 a spirit of cooperation exists in my Very dissatisfied 49 6% 694 8% 681 7% % department Dissatisfied 66 8% % % % Neither 83 11% % % % Satisfied % % % % Very satisfied % % % % Total % % % % Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

20 Table 5. Climate Factor Mean Comparisons Climate Factor N Mean Mean Sig. size Overall * *** *** Institutional Structure *** *** *** Student Focus *** *** *** Supervisory Relationships *** ** **.111 Teamwork *** *** **.098 Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001 Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

21 Figure 1. Means by Comparison Group and Climate Factor Overall Institutional Structure Student Focus Supervisory Relationships Teamwork Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

22 Table 6. Institutional Structure Item Mean Comparisons N Mean Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. 1 the actions of this institution reflect its mission *** *** *** decisions are made at the appropriate level at this institution *** *** *** the institution effectively promotes diversity in the workplace administrative leadership is focused on meeting the needs of students size *** *** *** information is shared within the institution *** *** *** institutional teams use problem-solving techniques *** *** *** I am able to appropriately influence the direction of this institution *** *** *** open and ethical communication is practiced at this institution *** *** *** this institution has been successful in positively motivating my performance *** *** *** a spirit of cooperation exists at this institution *** *** *** institution-wide policies guide my work * *** ** this institution is appropriately organized *** *** *** I have the opportunity for advancement within this institution Institutional Structure I receive adequate information regarding important activities at this institution *** *** *** my work is guided by clearly defined administrative processes ** *** ** * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001 Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

23 Table 7. Student Focus Item Mean Comparisons Student Focus N Mean Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size 7 student needs are central to what we do *** *** *** I feel my job is relevant to this institution's mission *** ** ** faculty meet the needs of students ** student ethnic and cultural diversity are important at this institution ** students' competencies are enhanced ** *** non-teaching professional personnel meet the needs of students *** *** *** classified personnel meet the needs of students *** *** *** students receive an excellent education at this institution ** *** this institution prepares students for a career ** *** this institution prepares students for further learning *** *** students are assisted with their personal development *** *** *** students are satisfied with their educational experience at this institution *** *** *** * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001 Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

24 Table 8. Supervisory Relationships Item Mean Comparisons Supervisory Relationships N Mean Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size 2 my supervisor expresses confidence in my work *** *** *** my supervisor is open to the ideas, opinions, and beliefs of everyone *** *** *** positive work expectations are communicated to me unacceptable behaviors are identified and communicated to me *** * ** I receive timely feedback for my work *** *** *** I receive appropriate feedback for my work *** *** *** my supervisor actively seeks my ideas *** *** *** my supervisor seriously considers my ideas *** *** *** work outcomes are clarified for me my supervisor helps me to improve my work *** *** ** I am given the opportunity to be creative in my work * I have the opportunity to express my ideas in appropriate forums * professional development and training opportunities are available ** * **.092 * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001 Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE

25 Table 9. Teamwork Item Mean Comparisons Teamwork N Mean Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size Mean Sig. size 3 there is a spirit of cooperation within my work team *** * * my primary work team uses problem-solving techniques *** *** *** there is an opportunity for all ideas to be exchanged within my work team my work team provides an environment for free and open expression of ideas, opinions and beliefs my work team coordinates its efforts with appropriate individuals and teams *** ** *** * * a spirit of cooperation exists in my department *** *** **.116 * p <.05, ** p <.01, *** p <.001 Florida State College at Jacksonville PACE