Use of DWP data to monitor migrants access to benefits. Russ Bentley & Richard Mosley, DWP

Transcription

1 Use of DWP data to monitor migrants access to benefits Russ Bentley & Richard Mosley, DWP

2 The new landscape of DWP benefits Working age Feb17

3 National Insurance Numbers Allocated to Adult Overseas Nationals : Nationality of DWP benefit claimants 7% of DWP working age claimants were overseas nationals As at February 2017, 4.8 million people were claiming DWP working age benefits Non-UK nationals at NINo registration: DWP working age benefit claimants (thousands) and proportion of total - Feb 2010 to Feb 2017 Of these, 353 thousand (7.4%) are estimated to have been non-uk nationals when they first registered for a NINo. This compares with 359 thousand (7.3%) in 2016 Non-UK nationals at NINo registration: DWP working age benefit claimants by nationality (thousands) Jobseekers ESA and incapacity benefits Lone Parents Pakistan 4.52 Pakistan Pakistan 3.24 Poland 4.33 Poland Somalia 2.87 Iran 4.19 Iran 8.05 Poland 2.00 Eritrea 3.88 Ireland 7.81 Eritrea 1.68 Sudan 3.68 India 7.13 Nigeria 1.34 Syria 3.04 Somalia 6.05 Jamaica 1.18

4 Range of measures introduced over the last few years to restrict access to benefits for migrants. From December 2013, the Government introduced a set of measures to restrict access to benefits for migrants from the European Economic Area (EEA). These included: From December 2013, the introduction of a stronger, more robust Habitual Residence Test (HRT). From January 2014, no immediate access to Jobseeker s Allowance (JSA) for those arriving in the UK, and a limit to the length of time JSA can be claimed. From April 2014, newly arrived EEA Jobseekers cannot claim Housing Benefit (HB).

5 Jan-11 Apr-11 Jul-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Apr-13 Jul-13 Oct-13 Jan-14 Apr-14 Jul-14 Oct-14 Jan-15 Apr-15 Jul-15 Oct-15 Jan-16 Apr-16 Jul-16 Oct-16 and we ve seen a decrease in the proportion of JSA claims from EEA nationals Who claimed within 90 days. 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% Proportion of total JSA claims by EEA nationals beginning within 90 days of arrival in the UK by month of onflow Measures introduced for new claims from January 2014 In November 2013 (the month before the measure was introduced), around 8% of EEA national JSA claims began within 90 days of their arrival in the UK. After the measures were introduced (January 2014) this fell to 3% and has steadily decreased to around 1%. 0% EEA migrants

6 Feb-11 May-11 Aug-11 Nov-11 Feb-12 May-12 Aug-12 Nov-12 Feb-13 May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15 Aug-15 Nov-15 Feb-16 May-16 Aug-16 Nov-16 and big falls in Housing Benefit caseload for EEA jobseekers 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 EEA migrant HB caseload (JSA (IB) passported only) Measures introduced in April 2014 Between February 2014 (quarter before measures introduced) and November 2016 (latest available data), the number of EEA jobseekers on HB decreased by 83%. In the same period, the number of UK and CTA jobseekers on HB decreased by 53%. 0 Less than five years Five years or more All

7 which have led to falls in out-of-work expenditure (although offset by increases In in-work expenditure millions 2013/ / /16 DWP Working Age Expenditure 38,293 37,751 37,726 EEA led claims 1,643 1,665 1,613 % EEA led claims 4.3% 4.4% 4.3% Non-EEA led claims 2,974 2,975 3,029 % Non-EEA led claims 7.8% 7.9% 8.0% DWP In-work Expenditure 4,859 5,313 5,546 EEA led in-work HB claims % EEA led claims 16.4% 17.1% 18.0% Non-EEA led in-work HB claims ,035 % Non-EEA led claims 17.3% 18.1% 18.7% DWP out-of-work Expenditure 33,434 32,439 32,181 EEA led out-of-work claims Of which: Housing Benefit JSA Other out-of-work benefits % EEA led claims 2.5% 2.3% 1.9% Non-EEA led out-of-work claims 2,133 2,016 1,995 Of which: Housing Benefit 1,174 1,094 1,073

8 Income Tax, NICs, Tax Credits and Child Benefit Statistics on EEA Nationals 1

9 Introduction Aim of the publication Changes since the last publication o Methodology o Overall presentation 2

10 Methodological Changes Apportioning of countries that have since undergone dissolution. August 2016 publication: Yugoslavia and East Germany August 2017 publication Czechoslovakia and the USSR 4

11 Table Layout Table A1 Last year s table with data Table A1: Breakdown of tax credit entitlement for EEA nationals (NAANR) by different family structures. families (thousands) Total tax credit entitlement Entitlement to Child Tax Credit ( million) ( million) Entitlement to Working Tax Credit ( million) Average annual tax credit entitlement ( ) families receiving more than 10,000 in tax credits (thousands) All families 4,504 28,519 21,456 7,063 6, Families with at least one EEA national adult 344 2,102 1, , of which: Families with a UK national adult ,100 5 Families with at least one recently arrived EEA national adult ,900 8 of which: Families with a UK national adult , This year s table with data Table A1: Breakdown of tax credit Entitlement by Different Family Structures, Families Working Tax Credit (WTC) entitlement only Child Tax Credit (CTC) entitlement only WTC & CTC entitlement Total tax credits Average Annual tax credit Entitlement 1 ( ) Families Receiving More Than 10,000 in tax credits All families 4,414 1,186 11,164 16,247 28,596 6, Families with at least one non-uk EEA national adult ,613 2,313 6, of which: Families with a UK national adult ,400 6 Families with at least one recently arrived non-uk EEA national adu , of which: Families with a UK national adult ,

12 Table Layout Table A2 Last year s table with data Table A.2: Breakdown of tax credit entitlement for EEA nationals (NAANR)by out-of-work and in-work families Out-of-work families In-work families Total tax credits Total tax credits families families entitlement entitlement (thousands) ( million) (thousands) ( million) All families 1,373 8,350 3,130 20,167 Families with at least one EEA national adult ,745 of which: Families with a UK national adult Families with at least one recently arrived EEA national adult of which: Families with a UK national adult Note: Caseload figures have been rounded to the nearest 1,000, Total entitlement has been rounded to the nearest 1 million and average entitlement to the nearest 100. Totals may not add up due to rounding. Arrival date only affects recent arrivals This year s table with data Table A2: Breakdown of tax credit Entitlement by Out-of-Work and In-Work Families, Out-of-work families Families Total tax credits Entitlement In-work families Families Total tax credits Entitlement All families 1,296 8,049 3,118 20,547 Families with at least one non-uk EEA national adult ,952 of which: Families with a UK national adult Families with at least one recently arrived non-uk EEA national adu of which: Families with a UK national adult

13 Table Layout Table B1 ( data) Table B.1: Income Tax and Class 1 and 4 National Insurance Contributions, and Tax credit and Child Benefit payments for EEA nationals (NAANR) for grouped by EEA country. Income Tax National Insurance Contributions (NICs) Tax credits Child benefit Total Income Tax amount Total number of individuals Total NICs amount Total number of individuals Total tax credits amount Total number of individuals Total Child Benefit amount Total number of individuals ( million) (thousands) ( million) (thousands) ( million) (thousands) ( million) (thousands) Latvia Lithuania Ireland Belgium Bulgaria Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Switzerland Czech Rep Slovak Rep Total other countries TOTAL ALL Note: Counts have been rounded to the nearest 1,000. Amounts have been rounded to the nearest million. Counts in thousands. Amounts in million. All figures rounded to 3 significant figures. The totals may not be the sum of the components due to rounding. 7

14 Table Layout Table B1 ( data) Table B1: Income Tax and Class 1 and 4 National Insurance Contributions and tax credit and Child Benefit Payments for non-uk EU/EEA nationals in , grouped by country Income Tax National Insurance Contributions (NICs) Tax Credits Child Benefit Total number of individuals Total Income Tax amount Total number of individuals Total NICs amount Total number of individuals Total tax credit entitlement Total number of individuals Total Child Benefit entitlement Belgium Bulgaria Czech Rep Denmark France 85 1, Germany Greece Hungary Rep of Ireland 127 1, Italy Latvia Lithuania Netherlands Poland 482 1, , Portugal Romania Slovak Rep Spain Sweden Total Other EU Total EU 1,590 9,170 2,210 6, , Total Other EEA Total EEA 1,590 9,290 2,220 6, , Switzerland Total 1,600 9,380 2,220 7, ,

15 Table Layout Table B2 ( data) Table B.2: Income Tax and Class 1 and 4 National Insurance Contributions, and Tax credit and Child Benefit payments for recently-arrived for EEA nationals (NAANR) for grouped by EEA country Income Tax National Insurance Contributions (NICs) Tax credits Child Benefit Total Income Total number of Total NICs Total number of Total tax credits Total number of Total Child Total number of Tax amount individuals amount individuals amount individuals Benefit amount individuals ( million) (thousands) ( million) (thousands) ( million) (thousands) ( million) (thousands) Latvia Lithuania Ireland Belgium Bulgaria Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Netherlands Poland Portugal Rumania Spain Sweden Switzerland Czech Rep Slovak Rep Total other countries TOTAL ALL Note: Counts have been rounded to the nearest 1,000. Amounts have been rounded to the nearest million. Counts in thousands. Amounts in million. All figures rounded to 3 significant figures. The totals may not be the sum of the components due to rounding. 9

16 Table Layout Table B2 (new format) Table B2: Income Tax and Class 1 and 4 National Insurance Contributions and tax credit and Child Benefit Payments for recently arrived non- UK EU/EEA nationals in , grouped by country Income Tax National Insurance Contributions (NICs) Tax Credits Child Benefit Total number of individuals Total Income Tax amount Total number of individuals Total NICs amount Total number of individuals Total tax credit entitlement Total number of individuals Total Child Benefit entitlement Belgium Bulgaria Czech Rep Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Rep of Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Rep Spain Sweden Total Other EU Total EU 467 1, , Total Other EEA Total EEA 468 1, , Switzerland Total 470 1, ,

17 Table Layout Table B3 (new table data) Table B3: A Breakdown of tax credit payments for non-uk EU/EEA nationals in , grouped by country Working Tax Credits only Child Tax Credits only Child Tax Credits & Working Tax Credits Total tax credits Individuals Total WTC Individuals Total CTC Individuals Total CTC & WTC Individuals Total tax credits Belgium Bulgaria Czech Rep Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Rep of Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Rep Spain Sweden Total Other EU Total EU , ,026 Total Other EEA Total EEA , ,040 Switzerland Total , ,045 11

18 Table Layout Table B4 (new table data) Table B4: A Breakdown of tax credit payments for recently arrived non-uk EU/EEA nationals in , grouped by country Working Tax Credits only Child Tax Credits only Child Tax Credits & Working Tax Credits Total tax credits Individuals Total WTC Individuals Total CTC Individuals Total CTC & WTC Individuals Total tax credits Belgium Bulgaria Czech Rep Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Rep of Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovak Rep Spain Sweden Total Other EU Total EU Total Other EEA Total EEA Switzerland Total

19 Table Layout Table C1 (old format) 13

20 Table Layout Table C1 ( data) Table C1: Shares of total income (before and after tax) and Income Tax for percentile groups, , for non-uk EEA nationals Taxpayers Percentile Groups (ranged on total income before tax) Bottom Bottom Top Top 1% 5% 10% 25% 50% 50% 25% 10% 5% 1% Percentage Total (All Taxpayers) bn Share of total income before tax Total income before Tax ( bn) All non-uk EEA nationals 0.3% 1.7% 3.5% 9.8% 23.3% 76.7% 57.7% 40.2% 31.2% 17.4% 49.9 Non-UK EEA nationals recently arrived in UK since 06/04/ % 2.1% 4.3% 11.8% 26.7% 73.3% 53.8% 36.4% 27.5% 15.3% 11.5 Share of total income after tax Total income after Tax ( bn) All non-uk EEA nationals 0.4% 2.0% 4.2% 11.7% 27.0% 73.0% 52.2% 33.6% 24.7% 12.7% 40.5 Non-UK EEA nationals recently arrived in UK since 06/04/2011 Share of Total Tax 0.5% 2.5% 5.1% 13.7% 30.3% 69.7% 48.7% 30.6% 21.6% 10.8% 9.7 Total Tax ( bn) All non-uk EEA nationals 0.0% 0.1% 0.3% 1.8% 7.5% 92.5% 81.1% 68.4% 58.9% 37.2% 9.4 Non-UK EEA nationals recently arrived in UK since 06/04/ % 0.1% 0.3% 1.9% 7.7% 92.3% 80.9% 67.2% 58.2% 39.0% 1.8 Percentile points for total income before tax Amounts ( ) Mean All non-uk EEA nationals 10,200 10,900 11,800 14,500 19,500 29,300 46,700 70, ,000 31,100 Non-UK EEA nationals recently arrived in UK since 06/04/ ,100 10,600 11,300 13,100 16,400 23,100 37,600 53, ,000 24,500 14

21 Table Layout Table D1 Last year s table ( data) This year s table ( data) Table D1: The non-uk EEA nationals with a Tax Record for , and Numbers Liable at Higher Rate and Up to Basic Rate Individuals with Income Tax record for Of which liable to: Higher rate or above Basic Rate 1 Estimates are based on the Survey of Personal Incomes (SPI) Thousands Non-UK EEA 2, ,410 15