November 27, 1841: Upton, England to Cognac, France prepaid 10d and also bearing d Red from Penny Black Plate V AL. Wide range of markings.

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Chastity Thompson
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THE 1841 1D RE(I)D A Postal History Tribute to Dr. David S. Reid (September 8, 1941 August 15, 2016) Many collectors have someone who was instrumental in forming their interest in collecting.

Years later, his support allowed me to pursue some of my first destination mail key covers that would have been out of my reach at the time.

1 THE D RE(I)D A Postal History Tribute to Dr. David S. Reid (September 8, 1941 August 15, 2016) Many collectors have someone who was instrumental in forming their interest in collecting. As a young child, my father used to take me to buy packets of stamps at a shop on the High Street. Years later, his support allowed me to pursue some of my first destination mail key covers that would have been out of my reach at the time. Without exception, when I made a new find, he would be the first person I would share it, and my enthusiasm, with. We shared cross-referencing photographic memories and the ability to lecture without using notes. His passing on August 15, 2016 leaves a big hole, but as I look at my UK destination mails his influence will always be there in current and future covers. These 16 pages are dedicated to him. - Andrew Reid, Davis CA, October 1, 2016 November 27, 1841: Upton, England to Cognac, France prepaid 10d and also bearing d Red from Penny Black Plate V AL. Wide range of markings. October 8, 1841: Ballycastle, Ireland to Lubeck (Free Port) paying 6d rate with d Red Plate 16 PA-PC and QA-QC strips of three that originally formed a block of six. Canceled with Black Maltese Crosses. A very early example of destination mail from Ireland.

2 : 1842 FRANCE: TEN PENCE RATE DISTINCTIVE BLUE MALTESE CROSS OF PRESTON, LANCS. DECEMBER 16, 1842: Preston, Lancashire, England to Cognac, France prepaid 10d plus d Red DH. Both the stamp and the CDS on the reverse are in the distinctive blue-grey color used in Preston. Correspondence related to the Cognac trade. Cover listed in Rockoff-Jackson.

Franked only with 1841 1d Red RD and QD singles, no ratings.

3 1843: BELGIUM UNDETERMINED RATE 1843: DUCHY OF LUCCA UNDETERMINED RATE February 24, 1843: Liverpool, England to London, England forwarded via Steamship to Antwerp, Belgium. Franked only with d Red RD and QD singles, no ratings. DECEMBER 4, 1843: Bridgend, Wales to Duchy of Lucca, forwarded from Livorno (Leghorn). Unpaid other than d Red ME. From the Theophilus M. Kelsall correspondence of Naval Letters.

1843-44 MAILS FROM THE UNITED STATES REDIRECTED WITH 1841 1d REDS May 30, 1843: New Haven, CT to

then forwarded within London with 1841 1d Red AI canceled with Black Maltese Cross.

least five locations until arriving at Andover Road, Hampshire. OVERLAP!

4 MAILS FROM THE UNITED STATES REDIRECTED WITH d REDS May 30, 1843: New Haven, CT to Boston at 12 ½ Cent rate, sent unpaid via Cunard Packet to London, where assessed One Shilling due, then forwarded within London with d Red AI canceled with Black Maltese Cross. February 24, 1844: Boston, USA to London, then redirected from March 16 until April 22 through at least five locations until arriving at Andover Road, Hampshire. OVERLAP! The d Red with the #8 in MX was originally affixed underneath the d Red with the #9 in MX. It shows the wear of six weeks of redirection attempts.

5d paid with 1841 1d Red Plate 49 IH-IL strip of five. 12 manuscript rating, and P. handstamp indicating partial payment.

5 1844: FIVE PENCE PARTIAL PAYMENT TO SWITZERLAND 1845: SIX PENNY RATE VIA HAMBURG PACKET DECEMBER 20, 1844: London, England to Geneva, Switzerland via France with prepayment only as far Boulogne-sur-Mer, France. 5d paid with d Red Plate 49 IH-IL strip of five. 12 manuscript rating, and P. handstamp indicating partial payment. MARCH 4, 1845: Wednesbury, England to Hamburgh paying 6d rate in cash (P6 in magenta) plus d Red IE as Late Fee. Paid Tombstone for March 5, 1845 applied in London.

MAILS TO THE MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS 1846: NOVA SCOTIA Gladstone Falkland Cover 1846: JAMAICA Light Company, 38 th Regiment AUGUST 9, 1846: Hawarden, Wales to

Pays One Penny Inland postage with 1841 1d Red Plate 61 EJ Re-entry. Postage to Nova Scotia unpaid, One Shilling due. Letter from future four-time Prime Minister W. E. Gladstone to Viscount Falkland, then the Governor of Nova Scotia.

OCTOBER 30, 1846: Unknown origin to a Mark Thresh, Light Company, 38 th Regiment in Maroon Town, Jamaica sent at the rare 1d Concessionary Rate to a serving enlisted man in

6 MAILS TO THE MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS 1846: NOVA SCOTIA Gladstone Falkland Cover 1846: JAMAICA Light Company, 38 th Regiment AUGUST 9, 1846: Hawarden, Wales to House of Lords, London, redirected to Nova Scotia, then redirected back to Clarendon Hotel, Bond Street, London. Pays One Penny Inland postage with d Red Plate 61 EJ Re-entry. Postage to Nova Scotia unpaid, One Shilling due. Letter from future four-time Prime Minister W. E. Gladstone to Viscount Falkland, then the Governor of Nova Scotia. Cover originated at Hawarden House, the Gladstone Family estate in Hawarden, Wales. Cover returned to London as Falkland had left the Governorship in the meantime. OCTOBER 30, 1846: Unknown origin to a Mark Thresh, Light Company, 38 th Regiment in Maroon Town, Jamaica sent at the rare 1d Concessionary Rate to a serving enlisted man in a military unit. The 38 th Regiment was the Staffordshire Boys. Franked with d Red PK. Based on contemporary reporting, regular duty in the West Indies came with high mortality

SEPTEMBER 2, 1847: Petersfield, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania per Cunard Steamer via

7 1847:PAPAL STATES LATE FEE 1847: ONE SHILLING RATE TO USA PLUS LATE FEE JULY 30, 1847: Chudleigh, England to Rome. Unpaid cover endorsed via Marseilles and via Di Uninga. SEPTEMBER 2, 1847: Petersfield, England to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania per Cunard Steamer via Halifax and Boston. Prepaid One Shilling in cash plus d Red CH. Letter bagged for Philadelphia and rated 12 Cents due there.

JUNE 30, 1848: London, England to New York, NY per Cunard Hibernia via Liverpool and New York paying One Shilling rate plus 1841 1d Red LD as Late Fee.

8 1848: TEN PENNY RATE PLUS LATE FEE TO PRUSSIA 1848: RETALIATORY RATE TO USA PLUS TOO LATE GPO JANUARY 24, 1848: Bristol, England to Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), Prussia paying 10d rate in cash plus d Red CL Late Fee. Unusual usage of an d Red with the full deckled sheet edge attached. JUNE 30, 1848: London, England to New York, NY per Cunard Hibernia via Liverpool and New York paying One Shilling rate plus d Red LD as Late Fee. The cover did not make the Late Fee deadline. Due to the Retaliatory Rate that had just been instituted, cover was due 24 Cents in New York. The small 24 handstamp in red is rare.

1841 1d Red GB pays Inland Postage, the 6 reflects 6 Cents due at Port of Entry, NY.

9 1848: RETALIATORY RATE AVOIDANCE TO THE USA 1849: NEWSPAPER/PRINTED MATTER RATE TO USA JULY 29, 1848: Manchester to Liverpool and then forwarded as Ship or Consignee Letter to New York d Red GB pays Inland Postage, the 6 reflects 6 Cents due at Port of Entry, NY. Sending in this manner avoided the Retaliatory Rates which did not apply to Ship Letters. MARCH 23, 1849: London, England to Providence, Rhode Island per Cunard Niagara paying 2d Printed Matter/Newspaper Rate with d Red DG and LB singles.

Unpaid letter at 1s 2d Closed Mail rate, due 1s 4d Canadian Currency. Late Fee paid by 1841 1d Red TF.

10 1850 CLOSED MAIL VIA USA TO CANADA WEST LATE FEE 1850 NEWSPAPER/PRINTED MATTER RATE TO USA APRIL 10, 1850: Scarborough, England to Toronto, Canada West per Cunard Steamer via Liverpool per Closed Mail via the United States. Unpaid letter at 1s 2d Closed Mail rate, due 1s 4d Canadian Currency. Late Fee paid by d Red TF. AUGUST 30, 1850: London, England to Lyons, Wayne County, NY per Cunard Africa (last NY voyage to call at Halifax, Nova Scotia) paying One Penny Printed Matter/Newspaper rate with d Red CI. Ex-Frajola.

1850 UNPAID TREATY RATE VIA BRITISH PACKET LATE 1851 ONE SHILLING RATE TO GIBRALTAR LATE FEE MAY 28, 1850: Liverpool, England to Boston, MA per Cunard

DECEMBER 19, 1851: London, England to Gibraltar paying One Shilling rate in cash plus 1841 1d Red CH Late Fee.

11 1850 UNPAID TREATY RATE VIA BRITISH PACKET LATE 1851 ONE SHILLING RATE TO GIBRALTAR LATE FEE MAY 28, 1850: Liverpool, England to Boston, MA per Cunard Canada sent as unpaid Treaty Rate cover, 24 Cents due with 19 Cents to UK. Late Fee paid by d Red affixed at upper left contrary to regulations. DECEMBER 19, 1851: London, England to Gibraltar paying One Shilling rate in cash plus d Red CH Late Fee. Mourning cover to Officer in Royal Engineers stationed at Gibraltar. The TOO LATE GPO CDS is applied as the Post Office liked to make clear that any delays were the fault of the sender, not due to the mails.

1851: UNPAID TREATY RATE VIA AMERICAN PACKET 1851: UNPAID TREATY RATE VIA AMERICAN PACKET FEBRUARY

American Packet. 24 Cents due in New York, with 3 Cents to UK fits share for Inland Postage.

12 1851: UNPAID TREATY RATE VIA AMERICAN PACKET 1851: UNPAID TREATY RATE VIA AMERICAN PACKET FEBRUARY 19, 1851: London, England to New York, NY per Collins Pacific at single unpaid Treaty Rate via American Packet. 24 Cents due in New York, with 3 Cents to UK fits share for Inland Postage. Unusually, the d Red is not a Late Fee, rather a misunderstanding that payment of Inland Postage was required. JUNE 13, 1851: Edinburgh, Scotland to Baltimore, MD per Ocean Herrmann from Southampton Unpaid Treaty Rate cover franked unusually with d Reds AK and AL. There was no 2d Late Fee.

1852: EIGHT PENNY RATE VIA PRUSSIA TO AUSTRIA 1852: ONE PENNY NEWSPAPER RATE TO DENMARK OCTOBER 17, 1852:

3 ½ Groschen due to Prussia (4d Sterling), and 21 Kreuzer (8d) due from addressee.

APRIL 20, 1852: London, England to Odense, Denmark via Hamburg paying 1d Printed Matter rate with 1841 1d Red

13 1852: EIGHT PENNY RATE VIA PRUSSIA TO AUSTRIA 1852: ONE PENNY NEWSPAPER RATE TO DENMARK OCTOBER 17, 1852: Ruabon, Wales to Vienna, Austria via Ostende and Prussia. Unpaid 8d rate plus d MI paying Late Fee. 3 ½ Groschen due to Prussia (4d Sterling), and 21 Kreuzer (8d) due from addressee. The 8d rate via Ostende and Prussia took effect August 1, APRIL 20, 1852: London, England to Odense, Denmark via Hamburg paying 1d Printed Matter rate with d Red TE on Lavender tinted paper. Lavender Tinted Paper. During a reaction between the formulation of the fugitive ink used and the paper resulted in a distinctively tinted paper on some stamps

JUNE 14, 1852: Dover, England to Philadelphia, PA per Collins Atlantic via Liverpool and New York.

14 1852: UNPAID MAIL TO NAPLES WITH LATE FEE 1852: UNPAID TREATY RATE TO USA WITH LATE FEE JULY 23, 1852: Nottingham, England to Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies via France and Genoa. Unpaid franked with d Red TI paying Late Fee only. JUNE 14, 1852: Dover, England to Philadelphia, PA per Collins Atlantic via Liverpool and New York. Unpaid single Treaty Rate of One Shilling plus d Red CL paying Late Fee. Rated 24 due (in blue) in Philadelphia with 3 Cents to UK for its share for Inland Postage.

1853: TEN PENCE RATE TO NORWAY VIA HULL PACKET 1853: DUBLIN LATE LETTER FEE TO UNITED

Hull Steamer plus 1841 1d Red IK for Late Fee. Mails to Norway are extremely rare.

JULY 1, 1853: Dublin, Ireland to Kennebunkport, ME per Cunard Arabia at unpaid single

15 1853: TEN PENCE RATE TO NORWAY VIA HULL PACKET 1853: DUBLIN LATE LETTER FEE TO UNITED STATES JANUARY 15, 1853: Newcastle-on- Tyne, England to Laurvig, Norway paying rate via Hull Steamer plus d Red IK for Late Fee. Mails to Norway are extremely rare. Only two covers franked with an d Red are recorded to date. JULY 1, 1853: Dublin, Ireland to Kennebunkport, ME per Cunard Arabia at unpaid single Treaty Rate. The Dublin Late Letter Fee Paid with d Red Plate 162 KF. Due 24 Cents, with 19 Cents to UK marked in green.

1841 1d Reds were perforated 16 and issued

stocks of the imperforate stamps were used

16 1854: TRANSITION TO PERFORATED STAMPS Beginning in late-february 1854, sheets of d Reds were perforated 16 and issued to the public beginning in mid-march as stocks of the imperforate stamps were used up. June 3, 1854 May 26, usages of the newly perforated stamps on Printed Matter and as Late Fee payment. June 12, 1854 November 28, 1854

5 - Other Offices in 1929 Survey Survey of Taxed Outgoing International Mail

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