SADC Workshop on Statistics of International Trade in Services. FATS Compilation. Gaborone, Botswana January 2014

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1 SADC Workshop on Statistics of International Trade in Services FATS Compilation Gaborone, Botswana January 2014

2 Development of FATS Importance for assessing globalisation / mode 3 BOP trade in services: 185 economies Much smaller number of economies known to compile FATS (Mainly OECD and/or EU members, but also developing countries) 32 (+EU27) produce outward FATS, 38 for inward Increasing number begin data collection or envisage Actually many economies actually have some information but do not use it

3 How can we collect FATS and what are the challenges?

4 Dimensions of FATS 1.Economic activity of the foreign affiliate 2.Partner country 3.Variables (Sales/output, empl., etc.) 4.Product longer-term goal, applicable to some variables

5 FATS vs. other statistics

6 Collect FATS Through FDI Surveys? Two possibilities Specific surveys for FATS Add FATS variables to FDI or surveys but... Commonly considered preferable because Burden on FDI-non-FATS enterprises FDI surveys: conducted frequently and require quick turnaround Information to be collected: key FATS variables at the greatest detailed level of ICFA

7 Which sources? Existing Statistics on Resident Enterprises Existing statistics on resident enterprises (employment, turnover ), e.g. collected through annual business surveys How can FATS be obtained? Identify inward FATS population within resident enterprises, and Aggregate data collected across the foreign-owned population of resident enterprises Only for inward FATS

8 Issues in identifying structure of multinationals and identification of population Establishments or enterprises? UCI attribution Complicated structures and sophisticated legal forms Rapidly changing corporate structures Solution? E.g. Direct contacts, Press, Internet, consultation between countries (inward vs. outward FATS, registers Eurogroup register)

9 Which international FATS compilation guidance is available?

10 FATS Compilation guidance UN Statistical Commission requested compilation guidance Eurostat established recommendations for its members (latest edition 2012) OECD Handbook on Economic Globalisation Indicators (HEGI) provides some compilation guidance in chapter 3 Experience and role of UNCTAD UN Trade in Service Statistics compiler s guide

11 FATS Source Used Selected Economies Inward Outward FDI survey Resident enterprise Separate survey FDI survey Resident enterprise Separate survey statistics statistics Australia X X Austria X X Belgium X X Canada X Czech Republic X X Denmark X Finland X X+ X France X X Germany X X Hong Kong, China X India X X* Israel X X Italy X X+ Japan X X Luxembourg X X Netherlands X X+ Norway X X Poland X X Portugal X X Sweden X X Switzerland X X Thailand X United Kingdom X X United States X X

12 Country experiences

13 U.S. Experience in Inward FATS Longest experience in collecting such information Sales of goods and sales of services FDI survey based system (benchmark and annual interim surveys) Benchmark surveys: more comprehensive, different lengths of forms Link to Census Bureau establishment-level data every 5 year Advantages: increased industry detail, comparison with national statistics, no additional reporting burden Limitations: only for inward, less timely and frequent For inward: reporting on a fully consolidated basis

14 United States Inward FDI Questionnaire

15 Hong Kong Inward FATS in Annual Economic Survey (1/2)

16 Hong Kong Inward FATS in Annual Economic Survey (2/2)

17 United Kingdom Experience in Inward FATS All data collected through Annual Business survey Selection using the Ultimate Foreign Ownership Code available in the Inter-departmental Business Register Inter-departmental Business Register also used to identify activity of affiliates Main characteristics (variables) covered by the Annual Business Survey: business demographic variables, output related variables and input related variables

18 UK ABS Questionnaire 18

19 Canada Outward FDI Questionnaire (1/2)

20 Canada Outward Questionnaire (2/2)

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23 Australia s new FATS experience Survey of Outward Finance and Insurance Foreign Affiliates Trade in Services (SOFI FATS) One of the largest services traded by foreign affiliates. Population identified using Survey of International Investment and Survey of International Trade in Services, supplemented by additional units 30 finance and insurance Australian resident parent enterprises reported on behalf of affiliates. 23