Statistical Annex. Sources and definitions

Transcription

1 Statistical Annex Sources and definitions Most of the statistics shown in these tables can also be found in two other (paper or electronic) publication and data repository, as follows: The annual edition of OECD Labour Force Statistics, OECD.Stat, the OECD s central data warehouse ( which contains both raw data and derived statistics. These references, which include information on definitions, notes and sources used by member countries, contain longer time series and more detailed data by age group, gender, educational attainment, part-time employment, temporary employment, duration of unemployment, and other series than are shown in this annex, such as, employee job tenure, involuntary part-time employment, distribution of employment by weekly usual hours worked intervals, etc. Data available for Brazil and the Russian Federation are included in most of the tables in addition to data for 34 OECD countries. For recent years, data are annual averages of monthly and quarterly estimates based on labour force surveys, except for Tables B and C for Chile where they refer to fourth quarter for data prior to Finally, data shown for France in Tables B, C, E, F and H are from the European Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS), which are more consistent over time than the national LFS-based data series. Statistical tables showing data for Israel are supplemented with the following footnote: The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Please note that the data on employment, unemployment and the labour force are not necessarily the same as the series used for analyses and forecasting by the OECD Economics Department that are reported in the OECD Economic Outlook and included in some charts and tables of Chapter 1 of this publication. Interested users can refer to the online database ( which contains data series on the labour market situation in OECD countries: population, labour force, employment and unemployment disaggregated by gender and age, educational attainment, employment status and sector of activity, participation and unemployment rates, statistics on part-time employment and duration of unemployment, job tenure, etc. The online database contains a number of additional series on labour market performances and on features of the institutional and regulatory environment affecting the functioning of labour markets. Among these are the following: Annual hours of work data for comparisons of trends over time. 235

2 Distribution of gross earnings of full-time workers by earnings decile and by sex to derive various measures of earnings dispersion. Gross mean and median earnings of full-time workers by age group and gender. Statutory minimum wages. on labour market programmes, number of beneficiaries and inflows into the labour market. Trade union density rates in OECD member countries. Conventional signs.. Data not available. Decimal point Break in series Nil or less than half of the last digit used Major breaks in series Table A: breaks in series have been adjusted to ensure that harmonised unemployment rates are consistent over time. Tables B to F and Table H: most of the breaks in series mentioned below occurred for any of the following reasons: changes in survey design, survey questionnaire, survey frequency and administration, revisions of data series based on updated population census results. These changes have affected the comparability over time of employment and/or unemployment levels and to a certain extent the ratios reported in the aforementioned tables: Introduction of a continuous survey: Austria (2003/04), Belgium (1998/99), Czech Republic (1996/97), Denmark (1999/2000, quarterly continuous survey), Finland (1999/2000), France (2002/03), Germany (2004/05), Hungary (2002/03), Iceland (2002/03), Ireland (1996/97/98), Italy (2003/04), Luxembourg (2002/03), Netherlands (1999/2000, quarterly continuous survey), Norway (1995/96), Poland (1998/99/ 2000), Portugal (1997/98), Slovak Republic (1997/98), Spain (1998/99), and United Kingdom (1991/92). Redesign of labour force survey: Greece (1997/98), Portugal (1997/98), Slovak Republic (1998/99), Spain (2004/05), Turkey (1999/2000 half-yearly to quarterly results). New survey in Mexico since 2005 (Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo ENOE) with a different questionnaire from that of the previous survey. Change in the operational definition of unemployment: Neat application of the criterion of at least one hour worked in a gainful job in the Chilean Nueva Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (NENE) from 2010 onward. Change in the operational definition of unemployment regarding: Active job-search methods, in particular change from registration to contact with the public employment service: France (2002/03), Spain (2000/01). Work availability criteria changed from reference week to two weeks after the reference week to be consistent with the operational definition in other EU countries: Sweden (2004/05). This criterion did not exist prior to 2010 in the Chilean Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (ENE) and has been introduced in the Nueva Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (NENE) since

3 Major breaks in series (cont.) Persons on lay-off considered as employed instead of unemployed: Norway (2005/06). Duration of active job search changed from one week to four weeks: Korea (1999/2000). This change occurred in June 2005 and data were revised since 2000 to take into account the new criteria. In Chile (2009/10), the duration of active job search has been shortened from last two months to previous four weeks including the survey week. Other minor changes: Australia (2000/01) and Poland (2003/04). Changes in the questionnaire with impact on employment and unemployment estimates: Spain (2004/05) and unemployment estimates Sweden (2004/05), Norway (2005/06). Change from seasonal to calendar quarters: Slovak Republic (1999/2000) and the United Kingdom (2005/06). However, there is no break in series between 2005 and 2006 for the United Kingdom as calendar-quarter based historical series are available since Introduction of new EU-harmonised questionnaire: Sweden (2004/05). Change in lower age limit from 16 to 15 years: Norway (2005/06). Moreover, since 2006, age is defined as completed years at the time of the reference week, instead of completed years at the end of the year, as earlier. Inclusion of population controls based on Census results in the estimation process: Israel (2008), Spain (1995/96), Turkey (2006/07), United Kingdom (revised series 1992), United States (1999/2000). Further explanations on breaks in series and their impact on employment and unemployment levels and on ratios can be found at: In 2010, OECD countries welcomed four new members: Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia. The Russian Federation is currently undergoing an accession process. 237

4 Table A. Harmonised unemployment rates in OECD countries As a percentage of civilian labour force Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel a Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States OECD b Note: In so far as possible, the data have been adjusted to ensure comparability over time and to conform to the guidelines of the International Labour Office. All series are benchmarked to labour-force-survey-based estimates. In countries with annual surveys, monthly estimates are obtained by interpolation/extrapolation and by incorporating trends in administrative data, where available. The annual figures are then calculated by averaging the monthly estimates (for both unemployed and the labour force). For countries with monthly or quarterly surveys, the annual estimates are obtained by averaging the monthly or quarterly estimates, respectively. For several countries, the adjustment procedure used is similar to that of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, US Department of Labor. For EU countries, Norway and Turkey, the procedures are similar to those used in deriving the harmonised unemployment rates of the Statistical Office of the European Communities. Minor differences may appear mainly because of various methods of calculating and applying adjustment factors, and because EU estimates are based on the civilian labour force. For a fuller description, please refer to the following URL: a) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. b) Weighted averages for above countries only. Source: OECD (2011), OECD Main Economic Indicators, Paris, June

5 239 Table B. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates a Persons aged years (percentages) Employment/population ratio Labour force participation rate Unemployment rate Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland b Ireland Israel c Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway b Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain b Sweden b Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom b United States b OECD (weighted average) Brazil Russian Federation

6 240 Table B. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates a (cont.) Men aged years (percentages) Employment/population ratio Labour force participation rate Unemployment rate Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland b Ireland Israel c Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway b Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain b Sweden b Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom b United States b OECD (weighted average) Brazil Russian Federation

7 241 Table B. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates a (cont.) Women aged years (percentages) Employment/population ratio Labour force participation rate Unemployment rate Australia Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland b Ireland Israel c Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway b Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain b Sweden b Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom b United States b OECD (weighted average) Brazil Russian Federation a) Ratios refer to persons aged years who are in employment or in the labour force divided by the working-age population, or in unemployment divided by the labour force. b) Refers to persons aged For Norway, up to c) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Source: OECD Online Employment Database:

8 242 Table C. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates by selected age groups Total (percentages) 15 to to to Australia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Austria Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Belgium Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Canada Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Chile Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Czech Republic Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Denmark Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Estonia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Finland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios France Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Germany Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Greece Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Hungary Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios

9 243 Table C. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates by selected age groups (cont.) Total (percentages) 15 to to to Iceland a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Ireland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Israel b Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Italy Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Japan Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Korea Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Luxembourg Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Mexico Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Netherlands Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios New Zealand Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Norway a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Poland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Portugal Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios

10 244 Table C. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates by selected age groups (cont.) Total (percentages) 15 to to to Slovak Republic Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Slovenia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Spain a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Sweden a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Switzerland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Turkey Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios United Kingdom a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios United States a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios OECD (weighted average) Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Brazil Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Russian Federation Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios

11 245 Table C. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates by selected age groups (cont.) Men (percentages) 15 to to to Australia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Austria Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Belgium Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Canada Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Chile Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Czech Republic Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Denmark Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Estonia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Finland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios France Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Germany Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Greece Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Hungary Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios

12 246 Table C. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates by selected age groups (cont.) Men (percentages) 15 to to to Iceland a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Ireland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Israel b Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Italy Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Japan Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Korea Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Luxembourg Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Mexico Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Netherlands Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios New Zealand Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Norway a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Poland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Portugal Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios

13 247 Table C. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates by selected age groups (cont.) Men (percentages) 15 to to to Slovak Republic Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Slovenia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Spain a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Sweden a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Switzerland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Turkey Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios United Kingdom a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios United States a Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios OECD (weighted average) Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Brazil Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Russian Federation Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios

14 248 Table C. Employment/population ratios, activity and unemployment rates by selected age groups Women (percentages) 15 to to to Australia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Austria Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Belgium Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Canada Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Chile Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Czech Republic Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Denmark Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Estonia Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Finland Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios France Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Germany Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Greece Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios Hungary Unemployment rates Labour force participation rates Employment/population ratios (cont.)